Glycerol mono laurate(GML)has been widely used as an effective antibacterial emulsifier in the food in?dustry.A total of 360 44-week-old Hy-Line brown laying hens were randomly distributed into four groups each with s...Glycerol mono laurate(GML)has been widely used as an effective antibacterial emulsifier in the food in?dustry.A total of 360 44-week-old Hy-Line brown laying hens were randomly distributed into four groups each with six replicates of 15 birds,and fed with com-soybean-meal-based diets supplemented with 0,0.15,0.30,and 0.45 g/kg GML,respectively.Our results showed that 0.15,0.30,and 0.45 g/kg GML treatments significantly decreased feed conversion ratios(FCRs)by 2.65%,7.08%,and 3.54%,respectively,and significantly increased the laying rates and average egg weights.For egg quality,GML drastically in creased albume n height and Haugh units,and enhanced yolk color.Notably,GML increased the concentrations of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and reduced the concentration of total saturated fatty acids in the yolk.The albumen composition was also significantly modified,with an increase of 1.02%in total protein content,and increased 8ntents of His(4.55%)and Glu(2.02%)under the 0.30 g/kg GML treatment.Additionally,GML treatments had positive effects on the lipid metabolism of laying hens,including lowering the serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels and reducing fat deposit!on in abdominal adipose tissue.Intestinal morphology was also improved by GML treatment,with increased villus length and villus height to crypt depth ratio.Our data demonstrated that GML supplementation of laying hens could have beneficial effects on both their productivity and physiological properties,which indicates the potential application of GML as a functional feed additive and gives us a new in sight into this traditional food additive.展开更多
Background Physiological changes during lactation cause oxidative stress in sows,reduce immunity,and hamper the growth capacity of piglets.Alpha-glycerol monolaurate(α-GML)has potential for enhancing the antimicrobia...Background Physiological changes during lactation cause oxidative stress in sows,reduce immunity,and hamper the growth capacity of piglets.Alpha-glycerol monolaurate(α-GML)has potential for enhancing the antimicrobial activity of sows and the growth of suckling piglets.Methods Eighty sows were allocated randomly to four groups:basal diet and basal diets supplemented with 500,1000,or 2000 mg/kgα-GML.The experiment started on d 85 of gestation and lasted until piglets were weaned on d 21 of lactation.The number of live-born piglets was standardized to 12 tion,body weight of piglets was measured and milk samples±1 per sow on day of parturition.On d 0 and21 of lactawere obtained from sows,and serum samples and feces from piglets were obtained on d 21.Results Feed intake,backfat loss,and weaning estrus interval did not differ among the four groups of sows.Maternalα-GML supplementation increased(P<0.05)the body weight of piglets at weaning and the apparent total tract digestibility of crude fat of sows.The immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G levels were greater(P<0.05)in a quadratic manner in the milk of sows as dietaryα-GML increased.Concerning fatty acid profile,C12:0,C15:0,C17:0,C18:2n6c,C18:3n3,C24:0,and C22:6n3 were higher(P<0.05)in linear and quadratic manners in colostrum of sowsfedα-GML diets compared with the control sows.There was lower(P<0.05)n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio in milk than in the control sows.Maternalα-GML increased the abundance of Firmicutes(P<0.05)and decreased the abundance of Proteobacteria(P<0.05)of piglet fecal microbiota.Conclusions Dietary supplementation withα-GML improved milk immunoglobulins and altered fatty acids of sows,thereby improving the health of piglets.展开更多
Glycerol monolaurate(GML)is a widely used industrial chemical with excellent emulsification and antibacterial effect.The direct esterification of glycerol with lauric acid is the main method to synthesize GML.In this ...Glycerol monolaurate(GML)is a widely used industrial chemical with excellent emulsification and antibacterial effect.The direct esterification of glycerol with lauric acid is the main method to synthesize GML.In this work,the kinetic process of direct esterification was systematically studied using p-toluenesulfonic acid as catalyst.A complete kinetic model of consecutive esterification reaction has been established,and the kinetic equation of acid catalysis was deduced.The isomerization reactions of GML and glycerol dilaurate were investigated.It was found that the reaction was an equilibrium reaction and the reaction rate was faster than the esterification reaction.The kinetic equations of the consecutive esterification reaction were obtained by experiments as k_(1)=(276+92261Xcat)exp(-37720/RT)and k_(2)=(80+4413Xcat)exp(-32240/RT).The kinetic results are beneficial to the optimization of operating conditions and reactor design in GML production process.展开更多
Hollow calcium carbonate （ CaCO3 ） microspheres were prepared in aqueous solution with the presence of polyoxyethylene （20） sorbitan monolaurate （ Tween20 ） and sodium dodecyl sulfate （SDS）. The microspheres w...Hollow calcium carbonate （ CaCO3 ） microspheres were prepared in aqueous solution with the presence of polyoxyethylene （20） sorbitan monolaurate （ Tween20 ） and sodium dodecyl sulfate （SDS）. The microspheres were characterized with X-ray diffraction （XRD） , scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscope （TEM）. The X-ray diffraction data showed that the hollow CaCO3 microsphere consisted of calcite crystals. The influence of Tween20 and SDS concentrations on the morphology of CaCO3 crystals was investigated. The results suggested that the ＂core-shell model＂ of Tween20/SDS micelle aggregated as templates, which could control the growth of hollow CaCO3 microspheres. The interaction between mixed surfactants and calcium ions played a critical role in organizing calcium carbonate in microscopic level.展开更多
This study evaluated the effect of maternal glycerol monolaurate (GML) supplementation during late gestation and lactation on sow reproductive performance,transfer of immunity and redox status,milk fat and fatty acid ...This study evaluated the effect of maternal glycerol monolaurate (GML) supplementation during late gestation and lactation on sow reproductive performance,transfer of immunity and redox status,milk fat and fatty acid profile,and fecal microbiota.Eighty multiparous sows (Landrace×Large white) were randomly allocated to two treatment groups (with or without 1000 mg/kg GML) with 40 replicates per treatment.The feeding experiment lasted from d 85 of gestation (G85) to d 23 of lactation (L23).The samples were collected on d 1 (L1) and 21 (L21) of lactation.Our results showed that maternal GML supplementation significantly increased litter weight (P=0.002),average daily gain of piglets(P=0.048),and sow average daily feed intake (P=0.032).Compared with CON group,the concentrations of lauric acid (C12:0;P=0.022),C16:0 (P=0.001),and total saturated fatty acids (P=0.006) in colostrum as well as C12:0 in L21 milk (P=0.001) were higher in GML group.Besides,the concentrations of immunoglobulin A (Ig A) and Ig G in colostrum as well as sow and piglet plasma,the total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase activity in sow colostrum were also significantly higher in the GML group (P<0.05).Microbiome results showed that GML addition increased fecal microbial alpha diversity as well as the relative abundances of short chain fatty acids producing bacteria Ruminococcaceae and Parabacteroides;and decreased the harmful Proteobacteria of sows (P<0.05).The Spearman analysis showed that the microbial biomarkers Prevotellaceae,Ruminococcaceae,and Parabacteroides were positively correlated with Ig A and Ig G of sow plasma and milk (P<0.05).Besides,maternal GML addition up-regulated the relative protein expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen,cyclin D1,G proteincoupled receptor 84 (GPR84) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway in the duodenum and jejunum of piglets.Collectively,current findings suggested that maternal GML supplementation enhanced piglet growth during lactation,which might be associated with improving milk fat and lauric acid contents,microbiota derived immunoglobulins transfer,and gut health through potential involvement of GPR84 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.展开更多
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of glycerol monolaurate(GML)on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced immunological stress and intestinal mucosal injury in broilers and its underlying mechanisms.A total o...This study was conducted to investigate the effects of glycerol monolaurate(GML)on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced immunological stress and intestinal mucosal injury in broilers and its underlying mechanisms.A total of 144 one-d-old Arbor Acres broilers were allocated to a 22 factorial arrangement involving dietary treatment(0 or 1,200 mg/kg dietary GML)and LPS challenge(injected with saline or Escherichia coli LPS on d 16,18,and 20).Samples were collected on d 21.The results revealed that dietary GML augmented serum immunoglobulin A(P=0.009)and immunoglobulin G(P<0.001)levels in challenged birds.Dietary GML normalized LPS-induced variations in serum interleukin-6,interferongamma,and LPS levels(P<0.05),jejunal villus height(P=0.030),and gene expression of interleukin-6,macrophage inflammatory protein-3 alpha,Toll-like receptor 4,nuclear factor kappa-B,caspase-1,tight junction proteins,adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha 1(AMPKa1),nuclear factorerythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2),and superoxide dismutase-1(P<0.05).GML supplementation ameliorated LPS-induced peroxidation by reducing malondialdehyde content and increasing antioxidant enzyme activity(P<0.05).Dietary GML enhanced the abundances of Anaerostipes,Pseudoflavonifractor,and Gordonibacter and reduced the proportion of Phascolarctobacterium in challenged birds.Dietary GML was positively correlated with alterations in antioxidant enzyme activities and AMPKa1,Nrf2,and zonula occludens-1 expressions.The genera Anaerostipes,Lachnospira,Gordonibacter,Lachnospira,Marvinbryantia,Peptococcus,and Pseudoflavonifractor were linked to attenuated inflammation and improved antioxidant capacity of challenged birds.In conclusion,dietary GML alleviated LPS-induced immunological stress and intestinal injury of broilers by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress.Dietary GML regulated cecal microbiota and activated the AMPK/Nrf2 pathway in LPS-challenged broilers.展开更多
Medium-chain fatty acids and their derivatives are natural ingredients that support immunological functions in animals.The effects of glycerol monolaurate(GML)on intestinal innate immunity and associated molecular mec...Medium-chain fatty acids and their derivatives are natural ingredients that support immunological functions in animals.The effects of glycerol monolaurate(GML)on intestinal innate immunity and associated molecular mechanisms were investigated using a chicken embryo model.Sixty-four Arbor Acres broiler embryos were randomly allocated into four groups.On embryonic day 17.5,the broiler embryos were administered with 9 mg of GML,which was followed by a 12-h incubation period and a12-h challenge with 32μg of lipopolysaccharide(LPS).On embryonic day 18.5,the jejunum and ileum were harvested.Results indicated that GML reversed the LPS-induced decline in villus height and upregulated the expression of mucin 2(P<0.05).GML decreased LPS-induced malondialdehyde production and boosted antioxidant enzyme activity(P<0.05).GML alleviated LPS-stimulated intestinal secretion of interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-a)(P<0.05).GML also normalized LPS-induced changes in the gene expression of Toll-like receptor 4,nuclear factor kappa-B p65(NF-κB p65),cyclooxygenase-2,NOD-like receptor protein 3,IL-18,zonula occludens 1,and occludin(P<0.05).GML enhanced as well the expression of AMP-activated protein kinase a1 and claudin 1(P<0.05).In conclusion,GML improved intestinal morphology and antioxidant status by alleviating inflammatory responses and modulating NF-κB signaling in LPS-challenged broiler embryos.展开更多
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) has the potential of antibacterial and growth-promoting in food. Recent research reported that GML could significantly increase the body index of fish, but whether GML can exert growth-promo...Glycerol monolaurate (GML) has the potential of antibacterial and growth-promoting in food. Recent research reported that GML could significantly increase the body index of fish, but whether GML can exert growth-promoting ability via regulating bone metabolism remains unknown. This study explored the effects of GML on the bone growth of fish models and its mechanisms by analyzing the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1). The micro-CT scanning results showed that the dietary supplementation of 750 mg/kg GML significantly increased the body length and bone mineral density, and improved the bone microarchitecture parameters of the caudal vertebrae of zebrafish (Danio rerio ). The centrum part of the vertebra was easier to respond to the regulatory effect of GML than the neural arch and the haemal arch. Mechanistically, the content of serum IGF-1, the expression of osteogenic differentiation-related genes, and genes involved in IGF-1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway were significantly increased. The liver proteomic analysis showed the consistent results that GML supplementation could up-regulate the expression of hepatic IGF-1, and that energy metabolism and growth and development-related metabolic pathways were implicated in the GML bone growth boosting effects. These findings highlight that GML could be used as a functional food additive to improve bone growth and health.展开更多
Carbohydrate fatty acid esters have been shown to inhibit the growth of bacteria in growth media. In this study, the antilisterial activities of the carbohydrate esters lactose monodecanoate (LMD) and lactose monolaur...Carbohydrate fatty acid esters have been shown to inhibit the growth of bacteria in growth media. In this study, the antilisterial activities of the carbohydrate esters lactose monodecanoate (LMD) and lactose monolaurate (LML) were tested in milk samples with variable fat content (up to 10%) and at different temperatures (37°C, 24°C and 5°C) after inoculation with a 5-strain Listeria monocytogenes cocktail. Both LMD and LML demonstrated antilisterial properties against L. monocytogenes in milk, with the observed log reductions in the LMD milk samples being higher than those in the LML samples at all tested temperatures. LMD in 1% and 2% fat milk was found to be bactericidal with no Listeria growth by day 6. LMD showed significant antilisterial activity in milk samples containing up to 9% fat at 37°and in samples with up to 3.5% fat at 24°C and in milk samples with up to 2% fat at 5°C. LML showed significant Listeria log reductions at 37°C with milk containing up to 9% fat but showed no microbial inhibition in milk in any samples at 24°C and 5°C. Although carbohydrate fatty acid esters have proven microbial bactericidal/bacteriostatic properties in growth media, their antimicrobial properties are reduced in a food system containing fat and at temperatures lower than 37°C. The significance of this research is identifying food constituents and storage temperatures that limit the microbial inhibitory properties of lactose esters to ensure appropriate use as potential food grade antilisterial agents.展开更多
The conventional collector for diaspore mineral is oleic acid （OLA）, which is highly insoluble and must be used in high dosage in bauxite flotation. Firstly flotation experiments with every reagent （sodium oleate, ...The conventional collector for diaspore mineral is oleic acid （OLA）, which is highly insoluble and must be used in high dosage in bauxite flotation. Firstly flotation experiments with every reagent （sodium oleate, tween-20）were carried out and it was shown that sodium oleate was an effective diaspore collector, whereas nonionic surfactant tween-20 showed little collectivity. Then experiments were carried out with sodium oleate as the main collector with the addition of tween-20 to study the influences of potentiator on diaspore flotation. It could be seen from the experiments that potentiator had a marked influence on the recovery of diaspore, which was raised by more than 12 % and that addition sequence also affected the flotation behavior. It gave the best results with the reagents mixed thoroughly before added and the best ratio of collector oleic acid and potentiator tween-20 slLood at 10： 1. From the calculation of the ingredients in the sodium oleate solution, at the pH 9, sodium oleate acted with surface of the mineral with the acid-soap polymer [ HOL ~ OL- ]. Zeta potential test showed that the potentiator promoted the absorption of collector on the mineral surface, which lowered zeta potential. As could be seen from surface tension experiments, the addition of potentiator tween-20 lowered the CMC （ critical micelle concentration） value of oleic acid solution, which was equivalent to raise the power of the agents. By the adsorptive capability tests, with the addition of tween-20, the adsorption of oleic acid on diaspore got more.展开更多
基金Project supported by the Technology and Achievement Transformation Project of Hangzhou,China(No.20161631E01)the Zhejiang University New Rural Development Research Institute Agricultural Technology Promotion Fund(No.2017006)+1 种基金the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LY18C200006)the Basic Research Project of Education Department of Zhejiang Province(No.Y201737161),China
文摘Glycerol mono laurate(GML)has been widely used as an effective antibacterial emulsifier in the food in?dustry.A total of 360 44-week-old Hy-Line brown laying hens were randomly distributed into four groups each with six replicates of 15 birds,and fed with com-soybean-meal-based diets supplemented with 0,0.15,0.30,and 0.45 g/kg GML,respectively.Our results showed that 0.15,0.30,and 0.45 g/kg GML treatments significantly decreased feed conversion ratios(FCRs)by 2.65%,7.08%,and 3.54%,respectively,and significantly increased the laying rates and average egg weights.For egg quality,GML drastically in creased albume n height and Haugh units,and enhanced yolk color.Notably,GML increased the concentrations of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and reduced the concentration of total saturated fatty acids in the yolk.The albumen composition was also significantly modified,with an increase of 1.02%in total protein content,and increased 8ntents of His(4.55%)and Glu(2.02%)under the 0.30 g/kg GML treatment.Additionally,GML treatments had positive effects on the lipid metabolism of laying hens,including lowering the serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels and reducing fat deposit!on in abdominal adipose tissue.Intestinal morphology was also improved by GML treatment,with increased villus length and villus height to crypt depth ratio.Our data demonstrated that GML supplementation of laying hens could have beneficial effects on both their productivity and physiological properties,which indicates the potential application of GML as a functional feed additive and gives us a new in sight into this traditional food additive.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFD1300300)。
文摘Background Physiological changes during lactation cause oxidative stress in sows,reduce immunity,and hamper the growth capacity of piglets.Alpha-glycerol monolaurate(α-GML)has potential for enhancing the antimicrobial activity of sows and the growth of suckling piglets.Methods Eighty sows were allocated randomly to four groups:basal diet and basal diets supplemented with 500,1000,or 2000 mg/kgα-GML.The experiment started on d 85 of gestation and lasted until piglets were weaned on d 21 of lactation.The number of live-born piglets was standardized to 12 tion,body weight of piglets was measured and milk samples±1 per sow on day of parturition.On d 0 and21 of lactawere obtained from sows,and serum samples and feces from piglets were obtained on d 21.Results Feed intake,backfat loss,and weaning estrus interval did not differ among the four groups of sows.Maternalα-GML supplementation increased(P<0.05)the body weight of piglets at weaning and the apparent total tract digestibility of crude fat of sows.The immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G levels were greater(P<0.05)in a quadratic manner in the milk of sows as dietaryα-GML increased.Concerning fatty acid profile,C12:0,C15:0,C17:0,C18:2n6c,C18:3n3,C24:0,and C22:6n3 were higher(P<0.05)in linear and quadratic manners in colostrum of sowsfedα-GML diets compared with the control sows.There was lower(P<0.05)n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio in milk than in the control sows.Maternalα-GML increased the abundance of Firmicutes(P<0.05)and decreased the abundance of Proteobacteria(P<0.05)of piglet fecal microbiota.Conclusions Dietary supplementation withα-GML improved milk immunoglobulins and altered fatty acids of sows,thereby improving the health of piglets.
基金supported by the National Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC3001100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22288102).
文摘Glycerol monolaurate(GML)is a widely used industrial chemical with excellent emulsification and antibacterial effect.The direct esterification of glycerol with lauric acid is the main method to synthesize GML.In this work,the kinetic process of direct esterification was systematically studied using p-toluenesulfonic acid as catalyst.A complete kinetic model of consecutive esterification reaction has been established,and the kinetic equation of acid catalysis was deduced.The isomerization reactions of GML and glycerol dilaurate were investigated.It was found that the reaction was an equilibrium reaction and the reaction rate was faster than the esterification reaction.The kinetic equations of the consecutive esterification reaction were obtained by experiments as k_(1)=(276+92261Xcat)exp(-37720/RT)and k_(2)=(80+4413Xcat)exp(-32240/RT).The kinetic results are beneficial to the optimization of operating conditions and reactor design in GML production process.
基金Supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(2082021)the National Science & Technology Pillar Program in the 12th Five-Year Plan Period (2011BAE06B06-2)
文摘Hollow calcium carbonate （ CaCO3 ） microspheres were prepared in aqueous solution with the presence of polyoxyethylene （20） sorbitan monolaurate （ Tween20 ） and sodium dodecyl sulfate （SDS）. The microspheres were characterized with X-ray diffraction （XRD） , scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscope （TEM）. The X-ray diffraction data showed that the hollow CaCO3 microsphere consisted of calcite crystals. The influence of Tween20 and SDS concentrations on the morphology of CaCO3 crystals was investigated. The results suggested that the ＂core-shell model＂ of Tween20/SDS micelle aggregated as templates, which could control the growth of hollow CaCO3 microspheres. The interaction between mixed surfactants and calcium ions played a critical role in organizing calcium carbonate in microscopic level.
基金supported by the Project of the Swine Innovation Team in Guangdong Modern Agricultural Research System(2022KJ126)National Key Research and Development Program(No.2021YFD1300401-2)。
文摘This study evaluated the effect of maternal glycerol monolaurate (GML) supplementation during late gestation and lactation on sow reproductive performance,transfer of immunity and redox status,milk fat and fatty acid profile,and fecal microbiota.Eighty multiparous sows (Landrace×Large white) were randomly allocated to two treatment groups (with or without 1000 mg/kg GML) with 40 replicates per treatment.The feeding experiment lasted from d 85 of gestation (G85) to d 23 of lactation (L23).The samples were collected on d 1 (L1) and 21 (L21) of lactation.Our results showed that maternal GML supplementation significantly increased litter weight (P=0.002),average daily gain of piglets(P=0.048),and sow average daily feed intake (P=0.032).Compared with CON group,the concentrations of lauric acid (C12:0;P=0.022),C16:0 (P=0.001),and total saturated fatty acids (P=0.006) in colostrum as well as C12:0 in L21 milk (P=0.001) were higher in GML group.Besides,the concentrations of immunoglobulin A (Ig A) and Ig G in colostrum as well as sow and piglet plasma,the total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase activity in sow colostrum were also significantly higher in the GML group (P<0.05).Microbiome results showed that GML addition increased fecal microbial alpha diversity as well as the relative abundances of short chain fatty acids producing bacteria Ruminococcaceae and Parabacteroides;and decreased the harmful Proteobacteria of sows (P<0.05).The Spearman analysis showed that the microbial biomarkers Prevotellaceae,Ruminococcaceae,and Parabacteroides were positively correlated with Ig A and Ig G of sow plasma and milk (P<0.05).Besides,maternal GML addition up-regulated the relative protein expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen,cyclin D1,G proteincoupled receptor 84 (GPR84) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway in the duodenum and jejunum of piglets.Collectively,current findings suggested that maternal GML supplementation enhanced piglet growth during lactation,which might be associated with improving milk fat and lauric acid contents,microbiota derived immunoglobulins transfer,and gut health through potential involvement of GPR84 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2020MC170)the Shandong Province Agricultural Industry Technology(SDAIT-11-08).
文摘This study was conducted to investigate the effects of glycerol monolaurate(GML)on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced immunological stress and intestinal mucosal injury in broilers and its underlying mechanisms.A total of 144 one-d-old Arbor Acres broilers were allocated to a 22 factorial arrangement involving dietary treatment(0 or 1,200 mg/kg dietary GML)and LPS challenge(injected with saline or Escherichia coli LPS on d 16,18,and 20).Samples were collected on d 21.The results revealed that dietary GML augmented serum immunoglobulin A(P=0.009)and immunoglobulin G(P<0.001)levels in challenged birds.Dietary GML normalized LPS-induced variations in serum interleukin-6,interferongamma,and LPS levels(P<0.05),jejunal villus height(P=0.030),and gene expression of interleukin-6,macrophage inflammatory protein-3 alpha,Toll-like receptor 4,nuclear factor kappa-B,caspase-1,tight junction proteins,adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha 1(AMPKa1),nuclear factorerythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2),and superoxide dismutase-1(P<0.05).GML supplementation ameliorated LPS-induced peroxidation by reducing malondialdehyde content and increasing antioxidant enzyme activity(P<0.05).Dietary GML enhanced the abundances of Anaerostipes,Pseudoflavonifractor,and Gordonibacter and reduced the proportion of Phascolarctobacterium in challenged birds.Dietary GML was positively correlated with alterations in antioxidant enzyme activities and AMPKa1,Nrf2,and zonula occludens-1 expressions.The genera Anaerostipes,Lachnospira,Gordonibacter,Lachnospira,Marvinbryantia,Peptococcus,and Pseudoflavonifractor were linked to attenuated inflammation and improved antioxidant capacity of challenged birds.In conclusion,dietary GML alleviated LPS-induced immunological stress and intestinal injury of broilers by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress.Dietary GML regulated cecal microbiota and activated the AMPK/Nrf2 pathway in LPS-challenged broilers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272910)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2020MC170).
文摘Medium-chain fatty acids and their derivatives are natural ingredients that support immunological functions in animals.The effects of glycerol monolaurate(GML)on intestinal innate immunity and associated molecular mechanisms were investigated using a chicken embryo model.Sixty-four Arbor Acres broiler embryos were randomly allocated into four groups.On embryonic day 17.5,the broiler embryos were administered with 9 mg of GML,which was followed by a 12-h incubation period and a12-h challenge with 32μg of lipopolysaccharide(LPS).On embryonic day 18.5,the jejunum and ileum were harvested.Results indicated that GML reversed the LPS-induced decline in villus height and upregulated the expression of mucin 2(P<0.05).GML decreased LPS-induced malondialdehyde production and boosted antioxidant enzyme activity(P<0.05).GML alleviated LPS-stimulated intestinal secretion of interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-a)(P<0.05).GML also normalized LPS-induced changes in the gene expression of Toll-like receptor 4,nuclear factor kappa-B p65(NF-κB p65),cyclooxygenase-2,NOD-like receptor protein 3,IL-18,zonula occludens 1,and occludin(P<0.05).GML enhanced as well the expression of AMP-activated protein kinase a1 and claudin 1(P<0.05).In conclusion,GML improved intestinal morphology and antioxidant status by alleviating inflammatory responses and modulating NF-κB signaling in LPS-challenged broiler embryos.
基金funded by the Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province(2022C02040-01)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LD19C200001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001693).
文摘Glycerol monolaurate (GML) has the potential of antibacterial and growth-promoting in food. Recent research reported that GML could significantly increase the body index of fish, but whether GML can exert growth-promoting ability via regulating bone metabolism remains unknown. This study explored the effects of GML on the bone growth of fish models and its mechanisms by analyzing the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1). The micro-CT scanning results showed that the dietary supplementation of 750 mg/kg GML significantly increased the body length and bone mineral density, and improved the bone microarchitecture parameters of the caudal vertebrae of zebrafish (Danio rerio ). The centrum part of the vertebra was easier to respond to the regulatory effect of GML than the neural arch and the haemal arch. Mechanistically, the content of serum IGF-1, the expression of osteogenic differentiation-related genes, and genes involved in IGF-1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway were significantly increased. The liver proteomic analysis showed the consistent results that GML supplementation could up-regulate the expression of hepatic IGF-1, and that energy metabolism and growth and development-related metabolic pathways were implicated in the GML bone growth boosting effects. These findings highlight that GML could be used as a functional food additive to improve bone growth and health.
文摘Carbohydrate fatty acid esters have been shown to inhibit the growth of bacteria in growth media. In this study, the antilisterial activities of the carbohydrate esters lactose monodecanoate (LMD) and lactose monolaurate (LML) were tested in milk samples with variable fat content (up to 10%) and at different temperatures (37°C, 24°C and 5°C) after inoculation with a 5-strain Listeria monocytogenes cocktail. Both LMD and LML demonstrated antilisterial properties against L. monocytogenes in milk, with the observed log reductions in the LMD milk samples being higher than those in the LML samples at all tested temperatures. LMD in 1% and 2% fat milk was found to be bactericidal with no Listeria growth by day 6. LMD showed significant antilisterial activity in milk samples containing up to 9% fat at 37°and in samples with up to 3.5% fat at 24°C and in milk samples with up to 2% fat at 5°C. LML showed significant Listeria log reductions at 37°C with milk containing up to 9% fat but showed no microbial inhibition in milk in any samples at 24°C and 5°C. Although carbohydrate fatty acid esters have proven microbial bactericidal/bacteriostatic properties in growth media, their antimicrobial properties are reduced in a food system containing fat and at temperatures lower than 37°C. The significance of this research is identifying food constituents and storage temperatures that limit the microbial inhibitory properties of lactose esters to ensure appropriate use as potential food grade antilisterial agents.
基金National Key Fundamental Research and Development Program(No.2005cbc237601)
文摘The conventional collector for diaspore mineral is oleic acid （OLA）, which is highly insoluble and must be used in high dosage in bauxite flotation. Firstly flotation experiments with every reagent （sodium oleate, tween-20）were carried out and it was shown that sodium oleate was an effective diaspore collector, whereas nonionic surfactant tween-20 showed little collectivity. Then experiments were carried out with sodium oleate as the main collector with the addition of tween-20 to study the influences of potentiator on diaspore flotation. It could be seen from the experiments that potentiator had a marked influence on the recovery of diaspore, which was raised by more than 12 % and that addition sequence also affected the flotation behavior. It gave the best results with the reagents mixed thoroughly before added and the best ratio of collector oleic acid and potentiator tween-20 slLood at 10： 1. From the calculation of the ingredients in the sodium oleate solution, at the pH 9, sodium oleate acted with surface of the mineral with the acid-soap polymer [ HOL ~ OL- ]. Zeta potential test showed that the potentiator promoted the absorption of collector on the mineral surface, which lowered zeta potential. As could be seen from surface tension experiments, the addition of potentiator tween-20 lowered the CMC （ critical micelle concentration） value of oleic acid solution, which was equivalent to raise the power of the agents. By the adsorptive capability tests, with the addition of tween-20, the adsorption of oleic acid on diaspore got more.
