Objective:To investigate the effects of the flavonoid rich fraction of Monodora tenuifolia seed on the haematology,histopathology and liver profile of Wistar albino rats.Methods:Toxicity study was investigated on the ...Objective:To investigate the effects of the flavonoid rich fraction of Monodora tenuifolia seed on the haematology,histopathology and liver profile of Wistar albino rats.Methods:Toxicity study was investigated on the flavonoid rich fraction of Monodora tenuifolia in rats administered different concentrations orally for 28 d using standard laboratory procedures.Results:The LD_(50)of the flavonoid rich fraction was found to be above 5000 mg/kg body weight in mice observed for 48 h.After the Day 14,biochemical markers of liver injury such as serum alanine aminotransferase,and aspartate aminotransferase decreased significantly(P<0.05 at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight and P<0.01 at 400 mg/kg)while serum alkaline phosphatase increased non-significantly(P>0.05).There was non-significant(P>0.05)effect observed across the groups in the levels of serum total protein,albumin,globulin,urea and creatinine.The result of histological examination showed various degrees of peribiliary hepatitis after the Day 14 which fizzled out after the Day 28.Conclusions:The result therefore suggests that the seed extract is potentially safe.展开更多
The antidepressant effects of the flavonoid-rieh fraction of Monodora tenuifolia seed extract were examined by assess- ing the extent of attenuation of behavioural alterations and oxidative damage in the rats that wer...The antidepressant effects of the flavonoid-rieh fraction of Monodora tenuifolia seed extract were examined by assess- ing the extent of attenuation of behavioural alterations and oxidative damage in the rats that were stressed by forced swim test. Com- pared with the model control group, the altered behavioural parameters were attenuated significantly （P 〈 0.05） in the group treated with the flavonoid-rich fraction （100 and 200 mg·kg^-1）, comparable to the group treated with the standard drug, fluoxetine （10 mg·kg^-1）. The flavonoid-rich fraction and fluoxetine improved significantly （P 〈 0.05） the activities of the antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase as well as other biochemical parameters such as reduced glutathione, protein, and nitrite in the brain of the stressed rats. These results suggested that the flavonoid-rich fraction of Monodora tenuifolia seed extract exerted the antidepres- sant-like effects which could be useful in the management of stress induced disease.展开更多
Two commonly consumed spices in Nigeria—Piper nigrum (leaf and seed) and Monodora myristica (seed) were evaluated for natural antioxidant potentials in complementary in vitro assay systems. Extracts of the tested pla...Two commonly consumed spices in Nigeria—Piper nigrum (leaf and seed) and Monodora myristica (seed) were evaluated for natural antioxidant potentials in complementary in vitro assay systems. Extracts of the tested plant parts contained low amounts of antioxidant compounds: 4.00 - 6.65 μg GAE/mg and 2.50 - 10.38 μg RE/mg for phenols and flavonoids respectively. The extracts scavenged DPPH and hydroxyl radicals in the range of 4.32% - 37.37% (inferior to ascorbic acid and gallic acid used as standards) and 6.43% - 17.10% respectively. In the reducing power and phosphomolybdenum assays, the extracts showed ability to reduce Fe (III) and Mo (VI) ions to their lower valence states of Fe (II) and Mo (V) respectively, although these activities were inferior to those of the standards used. Comparatively, Monodora myristica seed extract was superior to Piper nigrum leaf and seed extracts in antioxidant potential, but all the extracts generally showed dose-dependent antioxidant activities. Evidently, the studied spice plants are not without some natural antioxidant capacity and would contribute appreciably in combating free radical damages when consumed.展开更多
The bioactive compounds in a food matrix can exist either in their free form or bound to other endogenous compounds,which may affect their bioactivities.This study investigated the impact of endogenous proteins and li...The bioactive compounds in a food matrix can exist either in their free form or bound to other endogenous compounds,which may affect their bioactivities.This study investigated the impact of endogenous proteins and lipids on the phenolics profile,anti-nephrolithiasis,and antioxidant activities of Monodora myristica(African nutmeg)seed.Endogenous proteins and lipids in M.myristica seed flour were removed by deproteinization and defatting,to obtain the deproteinized,defatted,and deproteinized-defatted flours.The native flour served as a control.Phenolics compounds in the flours were quantified using HPLC-DAD,while nephrolithiasis-associated enzymes(xanthine oxidase and urease)inhibitory and antioxidant activities were determined using a spectrophotometer.Nine phenolic compounds(gallic,chlorogenic,caffeic,p-coumaric,ellagic acids,catechin,rutin,quercetin and luteolin)were detected in the native flour,with quercetin as the most abundant.The concentrations of the phenolic compounds,nephrolithiasis-associated enzymes inhibitory,and antioxidant activities of the flour decreased significantly due to deproteinization and defatting.Overall,the native flour had the highest concentrations of phenolics and the most potent enzymes inhibitory and antioxidant activities,followed by the defatted,deproteinized,and deproteinized-defatted flours.Hence,endogenous proteins and lipids may enhance the phenolics profile,anti-nephrolithiasis and antioxidant activities of M.myristica seed.This could have application in the development of functional food products and nutraceuticals targeting nephrolithiasis.展开更多
The antioxidant of seeds was carried out using extracts from methanol and Silver Nanoparticles from the spice. The SEM shows the shapes, dispersion and agglomeration of the sample, while the EDX confirms the SEM and t...The antioxidant of seeds was carried out using extracts from methanol and Silver Nanoparticles from the spice. The SEM shows the shapes, dispersion and agglomeration of the sample, while the EDX confirms the SEM and the presence of some compounds. The FT-IR reveals the AgNP<sub>s</sub> capping and reducing the particular biomolecule from the functional group for identification. Compounds found in the FT-IR seeds of Capsicum annum are Ag L (Silver iodide), C K (Cyanogen chloride), P K (Phenol). Monodora myristica are Mo L (Molybdenum), Ag L (Silver iodide), C K (Cyanogen chloride), P K (Phenol), Mg K (Magnesium). Piper guineense are Ag L (Silver iodide), Ci K (Potassium chloride), C K (Cyanogen chloride), P K (Phenol). The seeds show that the AgNP<sub>S</sub> of CA and MM has a better antioxidant activity than the methanol of CA and MM, while the PG methanol has a better activity than the AgNP<sub>S</sub> PG. The control (Catechin and Galic acid) has a slight overall better DPPH activity than the AgNP<sub>S</sub>. It is important to note that there is a concentration dependency in CA, MM AgNP<sub>S,</sub> PG methanol respectively. Notably, at CA methanol, the conc. at 125 was higher than the conc. at 250. Hence, there is need to create a great part in using plant samples for making tabulated or capsulated drugs for treatment of diseases and using plant silver nanoparticles to develop a healthy food/drug preservative package material “smart packaging” that will enhance shelf-life.展开更多
基金Supported by Imo State University Owerri,Nigeria with grant No.2012
文摘Objective:To investigate the effects of the flavonoid rich fraction of Monodora tenuifolia seed on the haematology,histopathology and liver profile of Wistar albino rats.Methods:Toxicity study was investigated on the flavonoid rich fraction of Monodora tenuifolia in rats administered different concentrations orally for 28 d using standard laboratory procedures.Results:The LD_(50)of the flavonoid rich fraction was found to be above 5000 mg/kg body weight in mice observed for 48 h.After the Day 14,biochemical markers of liver injury such as serum alanine aminotransferase,and aspartate aminotransferase decreased significantly(P<0.05 at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight and P<0.01 at 400 mg/kg)while serum alkaline phosphatase increased non-significantly(P>0.05).There was non-significant(P>0.05)effect observed across the groups in the levels of serum total protein,albumin,globulin,urea and creatinine.The result of histological examination showed various degrees of peribiliary hepatitis after the Day 14 which fizzled out after the Day 28.Conclusions:The result therefore suggests that the seed extract is potentially safe.
基金supported by the Tertiary Education Trust Fund,Nigeria with grant number 2012
文摘The antidepressant effects of the flavonoid-rieh fraction of Monodora tenuifolia seed extract were examined by assess- ing the extent of attenuation of behavioural alterations and oxidative damage in the rats that were stressed by forced swim test. Com- pared with the model control group, the altered behavioural parameters were attenuated significantly （P 〈 0.05） in the group treated with the flavonoid-rich fraction （100 and 200 mg·kg^-1）, comparable to the group treated with the standard drug, fluoxetine （10 mg·kg^-1）. The flavonoid-rich fraction and fluoxetine improved significantly （P 〈 0.05） the activities of the antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase as well as other biochemical parameters such as reduced glutathione, protein, and nitrite in the brain of the stressed rats. These results suggested that the flavonoid-rich fraction of Monodora tenuifolia seed extract exerted the antidepres- sant-like effects which could be useful in the management of stress induced disease.
文摘Two commonly consumed spices in Nigeria—Piper nigrum (leaf and seed) and Monodora myristica (seed) were evaluated for natural antioxidant potentials in complementary in vitro assay systems. Extracts of the tested plant parts contained low amounts of antioxidant compounds: 4.00 - 6.65 μg GAE/mg and 2.50 - 10.38 μg RE/mg for phenols and flavonoids respectively. The extracts scavenged DPPH and hydroxyl radicals in the range of 4.32% - 37.37% (inferior to ascorbic acid and gallic acid used as standards) and 6.43% - 17.10% respectively. In the reducing power and phosphomolybdenum assays, the extracts showed ability to reduce Fe (III) and Mo (VI) ions to their lower valence states of Fe (II) and Mo (V) respectively, although these activities were inferior to those of the standards used. Comparatively, Monodora myristica seed extract was superior to Piper nigrum leaf and seed extracts in antioxidant potential, but all the extracts generally showed dose-dependent antioxidant activities. Evidently, the studied spice plants are not without some natural antioxidant capacity and would contribute appreciably in combating free radical damages when consumed.
文摘The bioactive compounds in a food matrix can exist either in their free form or bound to other endogenous compounds,which may affect their bioactivities.This study investigated the impact of endogenous proteins and lipids on the phenolics profile,anti-nephrolithiasis,and antioxidant activities of Monodora myristica(African nutmeg)seed.Endogenous proteins and lipids in M.myristica seed flour were removed by deproteinization and defatting,to obtain the deproteinized,defatted,and deproteinized-defatted flours.The native flour served as a control.Phenolics compounds in the flours were quantified using HPLC-DAD,while nephrolithiasis-associated enzymes(xanthine oxidase and urease)inhibitory and antioxidant activities were determined using a spectrophotometer.Nine phenolic compounds(gallic,chlorogenic,caffeic,p-coumaric,ellagic acids,catechin,rutin,quercetin and luteolin)were detected in the native flour,with quercetin as the most abundant.The concentrations of the phenolic compounds,nephrolithiasis-associated enzymes inhibitory,and antioxidant activities of the flour decreased significantly due to deproteinization and defatting.Overall,the native flour had the highest concentrations of phenolics and the most potent enzymes inhibitory and antioxidant activities,followed by the defatted,deproteinized,and deproteinized-defatted flours.Hence,endogenous proteins and lipids may enhance the phenolics profile,anti-nephrolithiasis and antioxidant activities of M.myristica seed.This could have application in the development of functional food products and nutraceuticals targeting nephrolithiasis.
文摘The antioxidant of seeds was carried out using extracts from methanol and Silver Nanoparticles from the spice. The SEM shows the shapes, dispersion and agglomeration of the sample, while the EDX confirms the SEM and the presence of some compounds. The FT-IR reveals the AgNP<sub>s</sub> capping and reducing the particular biomolecule from the functional group for identification. Compounds found in the FT-IR seeds of Capsicum annum are Ag L (Silver iodide), C K (Cyanogen chloride), P K (Phenol). Monodora myristica are Mo L (Molybdenum), Ag L (Silver iodide), C K (Cyanogen chloride), P K (Phenol), Mg K (Magnesium). Piper guineense are Ag L (Silver iodide), Ci K (Potassium chloride), C K (Cyanogen chloride), P K (Phenol). The seeds show that the AgNP<sub>S</sub> of CA and MM has a better antioxidant activity than the methanol of CA and MM, while the PG methanol has a better activity than the AgNP<sub>S</sub> PG. The control (Catechin and Galic acid) has a slight overall better DPPH activity than the AgNP<sub>S</sub>. It is important to note that there is a concentration dependency in CA, MM AgNP<sub>S,</sub> PG methanol respectively. Notably, at CA methanol, the conc. at 125 was higher than the conc. at 250. Hence, there is need to create a great part in using plant samples for making tabulated or capsulated drugs for treatment of diseases and using plant silver nanoparticles to develop a healthy food/drug preservative package material “smart packaging” that will enhance shelf-life.
