Biophysiologic monitoring exists as a method of collecting objective information about the neurosurgical patient throughout their treatment and recovery process.Such data is crucial for an improved understanding of th...Biophysiologic monitoring exists as a method of collecting objective information about the neurosurgical patient throughout their treatment and recovery process.Such data is crucial for an improved understanding of the disease processes while providing the surgeon additional clarity as they decipher the next best steps in decision-making and medical recommendations.In the current review article,the authors discuss the commonly used wearable and placeable monitoring devices and the biophysiological data that can be collected to monitor,as well as,assess the neurosurgical patient.Special focus is placed on invasive and non-invasive neurologic monitoring devices,but important and commonly used monitors for the rest of the body are also discussed as they relate to the neurosurgical patient.Last,the authors review new,as well as,upcoming devices and measurements to better analyze the neurosurgical patient’s bodily function and physiologic status as needed.The synthesis of methods contained herein may provide meaningful guidance for neurosurgeons in effectively monitoring and treating their patients while also helping to guide their future efforts in patient biophysiologic monitoring developments within neurosurgery.展开更多
With the aging of society and the increase in people’s concern for personal health,long-term physiological signal monitoring in daily life is in demand.In recent years,electronic skin(e-skin)for daily health monitori...With the aging of society and the increase in people’s concern for personal health,long-term physiological signal monitoring in daily life is in demand.In recent years,electronic skin(e-skin)for daily health monitoring applications has achieved rapid development due to its advantages in high-quality physiological signals monitoring and suitability for system integrations.Among them,the breathable e-skin has developed rapidly in recent years because it adapts to the long-term and high-comfort wear requirements of monitoring physiological signals in daily life.In this review,the recent achievements of breathable e-skins for daily physiological monitoring are systematically introduced and discussed.By dividing them into breathable e-skin electrodes,breathable e-skin sensors,and breathable e-skin systems,we sort out their design ideas,manufacturing processes,performances,and applications and show their advantages in long-term physiological signal monitoring in daily life.In addition,the development directions and challenges of the breathable e-skin are discussed and prospected.展开更多
Recently, many surgeons have been using intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring(IOM) in spinal surgery to reduce the incidence of postoperative neurological complications, including level of the spinal cord, caud...Recently, many surgeons have been using intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring(IOM) in spinal surgery to reduce the incidence of postoperative neurological complications, including level of the spinal cord, cauda equina and nerve root. Several established technologies are available and combined motor and somatosensory evoked potentials are considered mandatory for practical and successful IOM. Spinal cord evoked potentials are elicited compound potentials recorded over the spinal cord. Electrical stimulation is provoked on the dorsal spinal cord from an epidural electrode. Somatosensory evoked potentials assess the functional integrity of sensory pathways from the peripheral nerve through the dorsal column and to the sensory cortex. For identification of the physiological midline, the dorsal column mapping technique can be used. It is helpful for reducing the postoperative morbidity associated with dorsal column dysfunction when distortion of the normal spinal cord anatomy caused by an intramedullary cord lesion results in confusion in localizing the midline for the myelotomy. Motor evoked potentials(MEPs) consist of spinal, neurogenic and muscle MEPs. MEPs allow selective and specific assessment of the functional integrity of descending motor pathways, from the motor cortex to peripheral muscles. Spinal surgeons should understand the concept of the monitoring techniques and interpret monitoring records adequately to use IOM for the decision making during the surgery for safe surgery and a favorable surgical outcome.展开更多
Thoracic spinal stenosis (TSS) is a group of clinical syndromes caused by thoracic spinal cord compression, which always results in severe clinical complications. The incidence of TSS is relatively low compared with l...Thoracic spinal stenosis (TSS) is a group of clinical syndromes caused by thoracic spinal cord compression, which always results in severe clinical complications. The incidence of TSS is relatively low compared with lumbar spinal stenosis, while the incidence of spinal cord injury during thoracic decompression is relatively high. The reported incidence of neurological deficits after thoracic decompression reached 13.9%.Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) can timely provide information regarding the function status of the spinal cord, and help surgeons with appropriate performance during operation. This article illustrates the theoretical basis of applying IONM in thoracic decompression surgery, and elaborates on the relationship between signal changes in IONM and postoperative neurological function recovery of the spinal cord. It also introduces updated information in multimodality IONM, the factors influencing evoked potentials,and remedial measures to improve the prognosis.展开更多
Epidermal electronics with superb passive-cooling capabilities are of great value for both daytime outdoor dressing comfort and low-carbon economy. Herein, a multifunctional and skinattachable electronic is rationally...Epidermal electronics with superb passive-cooling capabilities are of great value for both daytime outdoor dressing comfort and low-carbon economy. Herein, a multifunctional and skinattachable electronic is rationally developed on a porous all-elastomer metafabric for efficient passive daytime radiative cooling(PDRC) and human electrophysiological monitoring. The cooling characteristics are realized through the homogeneous impregnation of polytetrafluoroethylene microparticles in the styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene fibers, and the rational regulation of microporosity in SEBS/PTFE metafabrics, thus synergistically backscatter ultraviolet–visible–near-infrared light(maximum reflectance over 98.0%) to minimize heat absorption while efficiently emit human-body midinfrared radiation to the sky. As a result, the developed PDRC metafabric achieves approximately 17℃ cooling effects in an outdoor daytime environment and completely retains its passive cooling performance even under 50% stretching. Further, high-fidelity electrophysiological monitoring capability is also implemented in the breathable and skin-conformal metafabric through liquid metal printing, enabling the accurate acquisition of human electrocardiograph, surface electromyogram, and electroencephalograph signals for comfortable and lengthy health regulation. Hence, the fabricated superelastic PDRC metafabric opens a new avenue for the development of body-comfortable electronics and low-carbon wearing technologies.展开更多
This review summarizes recent progress in developing wireless,batteryless,fully implantable biomedical devices for real-time continuous physiological signal monitoring,focusing on advancing human health care.Design co...This review summarizes recent progress in developing wireless,batteryless,fully implantable biomedical devices for real-time continuous physiological signal monitoring,focusing on advancing human health care.Design considerations,such as biological constraints,energy sourcing,and wireless communication,are discussed in achieving the desired performance of the devices and enhanced interface with human tissues.In addition,we review the recent achievements in materials used for developing implantable systems,emphasizing their importance in achieving multi-functionalities,biocompatibility,and hemocompatibility.The wireless,batteryless devices offer minimally invasive device insertion to the body,enabling portable health monitoring and advanced disease diagnosis.Lastly,we summarize the most recent practical applications of advanced implantable devices for human health care,highlighting their potential for immediate commercialization and clinical uses.展开更多
In vivo monitoring of animal physiological information plays a crucial role in promptly alerting humans to potential diseases in animals and aiding in the exploration of mechanisms underlying human diseases.Currently,...In vivo monitoring of animal physiological information plays a crucial role in promptly alerting humans to potential diseases in animals and aiding in the exploration of mechanisms underlying human diseases.Currently,implantable electrochemical microsensors have emerged as a prominent area of research.These microsensors not only fulfill the technical requirements for monitoring animal physiological information but also offer an ideal platform for integration.They have been extensively studied for their ability to monitor animal physiological information in a minimally invasive manner,characterized by their bloodless,painless features,and exceptional performance.The development of implantable electrochemical microsensors for in vivo monitoring of animal physiological information has witnessed significant scientific and technological advancements through dedicated efforts.This review commenced with a comprehensive discussion of the construction of microsensors,including the materials utilized and the methods employed for fabrication.Following this,we proceeded to explore the various implantation technologies employed for electrochemical microsensors.In addition,a comprehensive overview was provided of the various applications of implantable electrochemical microsensors,specifically in the monitoring of diseases and the investigation of disease mechanisms.Lastly,a concise conclusion was conducted on the recent advancements and significant obstacles pertaining to the practical implementation of implantable electrochemical microsensors.展开更多
Modern medicine is increasingly interested in advanced sensors to detect and analyze biochemical indicators.Ion sensors based on potentiometric methods are a promising platform for monitoring physiological ions in bio...Modern medicine is increasingly interested in advanced sensors to detect and analyze biochemical indicators.Ion sensors based on potentiometric methods are a promising platform for monitoring physiological ions in biological subjects.Current semi-implantable devices are mainly based on single-parameter detection.Miniaturized semi-implantable electrodes for multiparameter sensing have more restrictions on the electrode size due to biocompatibility considerations,but reducing the electrode surface area could potentially limit electrode sensitivity.This study developed a semi-implantable device system comprising a multiplexed microfilament electrode cluster(MMEC)and a printed circuit board for real-time monitoring of intra-tissue K^(+),Ca^(2+),and Na^(+)concentrations.The electrode surface area was less important for the potentiometric sensing mechanism,suggesting the feasibility of using a tiny fiber-like electrode for potentiometric sensing.The MMEC device exhibited a broad linear response(K^(+):2–32 mmol/L;Ca^(2+):0.5–4 mmol/L;Na^(+):10–160 mmol/L),high sensitivity(about 20–45 mV/decade),temporal stability(>2weeks),and good selectivity(>80%)for the above ions.In vitro detection and in vivo subcutaneous and brain experiment results showed that the MMEC system exhibits good multi-ion monitoring performance in several complex environments.This work provides a platform for the continuous real-time monitoring of ion fluctuations in different situations and has implications for developing smart sensors to monitor human health.展开更多
Introduction: Despite recent advances in neuroimaging and microsurgical techniques, surgical resection of spinal cord tumours remains a challenge. However, the evolution with advances and refinement of neurophysiologi...Introduction: Despite recent advances in neuroimaging and microsurgical techniques, surgical resection of spinal cord tumours remains a challenge. However, the evolution with advances and refinement of neurophysiological equipment and methodologies, intra-operative neurophysiolo- gical monitoring (IONM) is now regarded as an essential adjunct to the surgical management of intramedullary spinal cord tumours. This study aims to report our preliminary experience with IONM and emphasise its effective role of achieving maximum tumour resection and minimising neurological injury. Methods: This is a retrospective study performed at our institution between July 2012 and August 2013. It included a cohort of 6 consecutive patients presented with intramedullary spinal cord tumours. Their mean age was 26 years (range, 4 months - 37 years), all were males, and the mean follow up was 11.6 months. Results: We combined the use of somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in spinal cord surgery. SSEPs are monitored during the incision of the dorsal midline of the spinal cord and this was used in two of our patients and MEPs were used as an essential monitoring during the tumour resection. In addition, we used free-running electromyography (EMG) and muscle MEPs (mMEPs) during tumour resection. Four of our patients (two with ependymoma, one with ganglioglioma, and one with pilocytic astrocytoma) had complete tumour resection and two patients (pilocytic and diffuse astrocytoma) had IONM changes during surgery and had partial tumour resection. At 6-month follow up all our patients had made a good recovery with no new neurological sequelae. Conclusion: This small series and literature review is presented to add and improve the understanding of IONM in intramedullary spinal cord procedures and to reinforce the importance of IONM in optimising tumour resection and neurological outcome. Our series confirm that without D-wave monitoring, free-running EMG and MEP monitoring during tumour resection remain an important adjunct. We also draw attention to the fact that changes in the free-running EMG occur before any changes in the MEPs are noted.展开更多
Selective dorsal neurotomy(SDN)is a surgical treatment for primary premature ejaculation(PE),but there is still no standard surgical procedure for selecting the branches of the dorsal penile nerves to be removed.We pe...Selective dorsal neurotomy(SDN)is a surgical treatment for primary premature ejaculation(PE),but there is still no standard surgical procedure for selecting the branches of the dorsal penile nerves to be removed.We performed this study to explore the value of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring(IONM)of the penile sensory-evoked potential(PSEP)for standard surgical procedures in SDN.One hundred and twenty primary PE patients undergoing SDN were selected as the PE group and 120 non-PE patients were selected as the normal group.The PSEP was monitored and compared between the two groups under both natural and general anesthesia(GA)states.In addition,patients in the PE group were randomly divided into the IONM group and the non-IONM group.During SDN surgery,PSEP parameters of the IONM group were recorded and analyzed.The differences in PE-related outcome measurements between the perioperative period and 3 months'postoperation were compared for the PE patients,and the differences in effectiveness and complications between the IONM group and the non-IONM group were compared.The results showed that the average latency of the PSEP in the PE group was shorter than that in the normal group under both natural and GA states(P<0.001).Three months after surgery,the significant effective rates in the IONM and non-IONM groups were 63.6%and 34.0%,respectively(P<0.01),and the difference in complications between the two groups was significant(P<0.05).IONM might be useful in improving the short-term therapeutic effectiveness and reducing the complications of SDN.展开更多
Objective:To present our classification for peripheral nerve schwannomas as well as explore the surgical strategies and operative management of peripheral nerve schwannomas based on the intraoperative neurophysiologic...Objective:To present our classification for peripheral nerve schwannomas as well as explore the surgical strategies and operative management of peripheral nerve schwannomas based on the intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring(INM)technique and to decrease the risk of postoperative neurological deficits in the management of these schwannomas.Materials and methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 92 cases of peripheral nerve microsurgery performed,using the INM technique.We also made the classification for peripheral nerve schwannomas into two types according to operative findings and proceeded corresponding surgical strategies.Results:All tumors were removed completely under microscopy and INM.Three patients developed residual neurological deficits at final follow-up.There were different results about temporary(18/92,19.6%)and permanent(3/92,3.3%)neurological deficits.The incidence of temporary and permanent neurological deficits in type II group was significantly higher than that in type I group(p<0.01).The incidence of permanent neurological deficits in larger size tumors was significantly higher than that of smaller size(p<0.01).Conclusions:We made the classification for peripheral nerve schwannomas according to operative findings based on INM that is helpful to our surgical strategies.Intracapsular enucleation was the preferred strategy with satisfactory results and low risk of nerve injury.The size and location of tumors seem to be related to the risk of fascicular injury.展开更多
Objective To study the application of neuroelectrophysiological monitoring for interventional therapy of intracranial aneurysms. Methods 22 patients with intracranial aneurysm underwent neuroelectrophysiological monit...Objective To study the application of neuroelectrophysiological monitoring for interventional therapy of intracranial aneurysms. Methods 22 patients with intracranial aneurysm underwent neuroelectrophysiological monitoring during interventional therapy. Somatosensory evoked potential( SSEP) ,brainstem展开更多
Near zero stroke rates can be achieved in carotid endarterectomy （CEA） surgery with selective shunting and electrophysiological neuromonitoring.though false negative rates as high as 40% have been reported.We sought...Near zero stroke rates can be achieved in carotid endarterectomy （CEA） surgery with selective shunting and electrophysiological neuromonitoring.though false negative rates as high as 40% have been reported.We sought to determine if improved training for interpretation of the monitoring signals can advance the efficacy of selective shunting with electrophysiological monitoring across multiple centers,and determine if other factors could contribute to the differences in reports.Processed and raw beta band （12.5-30 Hz） electroencephalogram （EEG） and median and tibial nerve somatosensory evoked potentials （SSEP） were monitored in 668 CEA cases at six surgical centers.A decrease in amplitude of 50% or more in any EEG or SSEP channel was the criteria for shunting or initiating a neuroprotective protocol.A reduction of 50% or greater in the beta band of the EEG or amplitude of the SSEP was observed in 150 cases.No patient showed signs of a cerebral infarct after surgery.Selective shunting based on EEG and SSEP monitoring can reduce CEA intraoperative stroke rate to a near zero level if trained personnel adopted standardized protocols.We also found that the rapid administration of a protective stroke protocol by attending anesthesiologists was an important aspect of this success rate.展开更多
Wearable remote health monitoring systems have gained significant prominence in the recent years due to their growth in technological advances. One form of the Wearable Physiological Monitoring System (WPMS) is the We...Wearable remote health monitoring systems have gained significant prominence in the recent years due to their growth in technological advances. One form of the Wearable Physiological Monitoring System (WPMS) is the Wearable Body Area Networks (WBAN) used to monitor the health status of the wearer for long durations. The paper discusses a prototype WBAN based wearable physiological monitoring system to monitor physiological parameters such as Electrocardiogram (ECG) and Electroencephalogram (EEG) acquired using a textile electrode, Photoplethysmogram (PPG), Galvanic Skin Response (GSR), Blood Pressure derived from analysis of Pulse Transmit Time (PTT) and body temperature. The WBAN consists of three sensor nodes that are placed strategically to acquire the physiological signals and the sensor nodes communicate to a chest/wrist worn sink node also known as wearable data acquisition hardware. The sink node receives physiological data from the sensor nodes and is transmitted to a remote monitoring station. The remote monitoring station receives the raw data and it is processed to remove noises, such as power line interference, baseline wander and tremor in the signals and the information is extracted and displayed. The WBANs are designed using the ZigBee wireless communication modules to transmit and receive the data. At the remote monitoring station the physiological parameters such as heart rate, pulse rate, systolic, diastolic blood pressure, GSR and body temperature are continuously monitored from the wearer. The data acquired from the wearable monitoring system is statically validated using a qualified medical device on 34 subjects.展开更多
Real-time health monitoring and ongoing evaluation of physiological conditions are becoming increasingly vital for the advancement of future medical diagnostics and personalized healthcare solutions.Given that certain...Real-time health monitoring and ongoing evaluation of physiological conditions are becoming increasingly vital for the advancement of future medical diagnostics and personalized healthcare solutions.Given that certain illnesses necessitate prompt and accessible detection methods,wearable chemical sensors have garnered considerable interest for their capability to monitor health through physiological signals and chemical indicators.This review delivers a thorough examination of recent developments in four primary categories of wearable chemical sensors:biosensors,humidity sensors,gas sensors,and ion sensors.We explore the representative materials,device structures,operating mechanisms,and various application scenarios for each type of sensor.By investigating the latest innovations in these technologies,we aim to provide a detailed overview of the current research landscape,highlight existing challenges,and present potential future directions of wearable chemical sensors in healthcare monitoring.展开更多
Accurate detection of driver fatigue is essential for improving road safety.This study investigates the effectiveness of using multimodal physiological signals for fatigue detection while incorporating uncertainty qua...Accurate detection of driver fatigue is essential for improving road safety.This study investigates the effectiveness of using multimodal physiological signals for fatigue detection while incorporating uncertainty quantification to enhance the reliability of predictions.Physiological signals,including Electrocardiogram(ECG),Galvanic Skin Response(GSR),and Electroencephalogram(EEG),were transformed into image representations and analyzed using pretrained deep neu-ral networks.The extracted features were classified through a feedforward neural network,and prediction reliability was assessed using uncertainty quantification techniques such as Monte Carlo Dropout(MCD),model ensembles,and combined approaches.Evaluation metrics included standard measures(sensitivity,specificity,precision,and accuracy)along with uncertainty-aware metrics such as uncertainty sensitivity and uncertainty precision.Across all evaluations,ECG-based models consistently demonstrated strong performance.The findings indicate that combining multimodal physi-ological signals,Transfer Learning(TL),and uncertainty quantification can significantly improve both the accuracy and trustworthiness of fatigue detection systems.This approach supports the development of more reliable driver assistance technologies aimed at preventing fatigue-related accidents.展开更多
To examine stress redistribution phenomena in bridges subjected to varying operational conditions,this study conducts a comprehensive analysis of three years of monitoring data from a 153-m double-deck road–rail stee...To examine stress redistribution phenomena in bridges subjected to varying operational conditions,this study conducts a comprehensive analysis of three years of monitoring data from a 153-m double-deck road–rail steel arch bridge.An initial statistical comparison of sensor data distributions reveals clear temporal variations in stress redistribution patterns.XGBoost(eXtreme Gradient Boosting),a gradient-boosting machine learning(ML)algorithm,was employed not only for predictive modeling but also to uncover the underlying mechanisms of stress evolution.Unlike traditional numerical models that rely on extensive assumptions and idealizations,XGBoost effectively captures nonlinear and time-varying relationships between stress states and operational/environmental factors,such as temperature,traffic load,and structural geometry.This approach allows for the identification of critical periods and conditions under which stress redistribution becomes significant.Results indicate a clear shift of stress concentrations frombeamends toward mid-span regions following the commencement of metro operations,reflecting both structural adaptation and localized overstress near arch ribs.Furthermore,the model generates robust predictions of stress evolution,demonstrating potential applications in early warning systems and fatigue risk assessment.This work represents the first application of interpretable gradient-boosting techniques to stress redistribution modeling in double-deck bridges.In addition,a Stress Redistribution Index(SRI)is proposed,derived from this monitoring study and finite-element-based transverse load distributions,to quantify temporal stress shifts between midspan and edge beams.The results provide both theoretical contributions and practical guidance for the design,inspection,and maintenance of complex bridge structures.展开更多
In the version of the article originally published in the volume 68,issue 12,2025 of Sci China Mater(pages 4413-4422,https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-025-3667-7),the Chinese name of the co-first author(肖天孝)was incorr...In the version of the article originally published in the volume 68,issue 12,2025 of Sci China Mater(pages 4413-4422,https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-025-3667-7),the Chinese name of the co-first author(肖天孝)was incorrect.The corrected Chinese name is:肖天笑.展开更多
An innovative real-time monitoring method for surrounding rock damage based on microseismic time-lapse double-difference tomography is proposed for delayed dynamic damage identification and insufficient detection of a...An innovative real-time monitoring method for surrounding rock damage based on microseismic time-lapse double-difference tomography is proposed for delayed dynamic damage identification and insufficient detection of adverse geological conditions in deep-buried tunnel construction.The installation techniques for microseismic sensors were optimized by mounting sensors at bolt ends which significantly improves signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and anti-interference capability compared to conventional borehole placement.Subsequently,a 3D wave velocity evolution model that incorporates construction-induced disturbances was established,enabling the first visualization of spatiotemporal variations in surrounding rock wave velocity.It finds significant wave velocity reduction near the tunnel face,with roof and floor damage zones extending 40–50 m;wave velocities approaching undisturbed levels at 15 m ahead of the working face and on the laterally undisturbed side;pronounced spatial asymmetry in wave velocity distribution—values on the left side exceed those on the right,with a clear stress concentration or transition zone located 10–15 m;and systematically lower velocities behind the face than in front,indicating asymmetric rock damage development.These results provide essential theoretical support and practical guidance for optimizing dynamic construction strategies,enabling real-time adjustment of support parameters,and establishing safety early warning systems in deep-buried tunnel engineering.展开更多
文摘Biophysiologic monitoring exists as a method of collecting objective information about the neurosurgical patient throughout their treatment and recovery process.Such data is crucial for an improved understanding of the disease processes while providing the surgeon additional clarity as they decipher the next best steps in decision-making and medical recommendations.In the current review article,the authors discuss the commonly used wearable and placeable monitoring devices and the biophysiological data that can be collected to monitor,as well as,assess the neurosurgical patient.Special focus is placed on invasive and non-invasive neurologic monitoring devices,but important and commonly used monitors for the rest of the body are also discussed as they relate to the neurosurgical patient.Last,the authors review new,as well as,upcoming devices and measurements to better analyze the neurosurgical patient’s bodily function and physiologic status as needed.The synthesis of methods contained herein may provide meaningful guidance for neurosurgeons in effectively monitoring and treating their patients while also helping to guide their future efforts in patient biophysiologic monitoring developments within neurosurgery.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program 2021YFC3002201 of Chinathe National Natural Science Foundation(U20A20168,61874065,51861145202)of ChinaThe authors are also thankful for the support of the Research Fund from the Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chip,the Independent Research Program of Tsinghua University(20193080047).
文摘With the aging of society and the increase in people’s concern for personal health,long-term physiological signal monitoring in daily life is in demand.In recent years,electronic skin(e-skin)for daily health monitoring applications has achieved rapid development due to its advantages in high-quality physiological signals monitoring and suitability for system integrations.Among them,the breathable e-skin has developed rapidly in recent years because it adapts to the long-term and high-comfort wear requirements of monitoring physiological signals in daily life.In this review,the recent achievements of breathable e-skins for daily physiological monitoring are systematically introduced and discussed.By dividing them into breathable e-skin electrodes,breathable e-skin sensors,and breathable e-skin systems,we sort out their design ideas,manufacturing processes,performances,and applications and show their advantages in long-term physiological signal monitoring in daily life.In addition,the development directions and challenges of the breathable e-skin are discussed and prospected.
文摘Recently, many surgeons have been using intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring(IOM) in spinal surgery to reduce the incidence of postoperative neurological complications, including level of the spinal cord, cauda equina and nerve root. Several established technologies are available and combined motor and somatosensory evoked potentials are considered mandatory for practical and successful IOM. Spinal cord evoked potentials are elicited compound potentials recorded over the spinal cord. Electrical stimulation is provoked on the dorsal spinal cord from an epidural electrode. Somatosensory evoked potentials assess the functional integrity of sensory pathways from the peripheral nerve through the dorsal column and to the sensory cortex. For identification of the physiological midline, the dorsal column mapping technique can be used. It is helpful for reducing the postoperative morbidity associated with dorsal column dysfunction when distortion of the normal spinal cord anatomy caused by an intramedullary cord lesion results in confusion in localizing the midline for the myelotomy. Motor evoked potentials(MEPs) consist of spinal, neurogenic and muscle MEPs. MEPs allow selective and specific assessment of the functional integrity of descending motor pathways, from the motor cortex to peripheral muscles. Spinal surgeons should understand the concept of the monitoring techniques and interpret monitoring records adequately to use IOM for the decision making during the surgery for safe surgery and a favorable surgical outcome.
文摘Thoracic spinal stenosis (TSS) is a group of clinical syndromes caused by thoracic spinal cord compression, which always results in severe clinical complications. The incidence of TSS is relatively low compared with lumbar spinal stenosis, while the incidence of spinal cord injury during thoracic decompression is relatively high. The reported incidence of neurological deficits after thoracic decompression reached 13.9%.Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) can timely provide information regarding the function status of the spinal cord, and help surgeons with appropriate performance during operation. This article illustrates the theoretical basis of applying IONM in thoracic decompression surgery, and elaborates on the relationship between signal changes in IONM and postoperative neurological function recovery of the spinal cord. It also introduces updated information in multimodality IONM, the factors influencing evoked potentials,and remedial measures to improve the prognosis.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21875033, 52161135302)the Research Foundation Flanders (G0F2322N)+4 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2022M711355)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20221540)the Shanghai Scientific and Technological Innovation Project (18JC1410600)the Program of the Shanghai Academic Research Leader (17XD1400100)the Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (KYCX22_2317)。
文摘Epidermal electronics with superb passive-cooling capabilities are of great value for both daytime outdoor dressing comfort and low-carbon economy. Herein, a multifunctional and skinattachable electronic is rationally developed on a porous all-elastomer metafabric for efficient passive daytime radiative cooling(PDRC) and human electrophysiological monitoring. The cooling characteristics are realized through the homogeneous impregnation of polytetrafluoroethylene microparticles in the styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene fibers, and the rational regulation of microporosity in SEBS/PTFE metafabrics, thus synergistically backscatter ultraviolet–visible–near-infrared light(maximum reflectance over 98.0%) to minimize heat absorption while efficiently emit human-body midinfrared radiation to the sky. As a result, the developed PDRC metafabric achieves approximately 17℃ cooling effects in an outdoor daytime environment and completely retains its passive cooling performance even under 50% stretching. Further, high-fidelity electrophysiological monitoring capability is also implemented in the breathable and skin-conformal metafabric through liquid metal printing, enabling the accurate acquisition of human electrocardiograph, surface electromyogram, and electroencephalograph signals for comfortable and lengthy health regulation. Hence, the fabricated superelastic PDRC metafabric opens a new avenue for the development of body-comfortable electronics and low-carbon wearing technologies.
基金the NSF CCSS-2152638 and the IEN Center Grant from the Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology at Georgia Tech.
文摘This review summarizes recent progress in developing wireless,batteryless,fully implantable biomedical devices for real-time continuous physiological signal monitoring,focusing on advancing human health care.Design considerations,such as biological constraints,energy sourcing,and wireless communication,are discussed in achieving the desired performance of the devices and enhanced interface with human tissues.In addition,we review the recent achievements in materials used for developing implantable systems,emphasizing their importance in achieving multi-functionalities,biocompatibility,and hemocompatibility.The wireless,batteryless devices offer minimally invasive device insertion to the body,enabling portable health monitoring and advanced disease diagnosis.Lastly,we summarize the most recent practical applications of advanced implantable devices for human health care,highlighting their potential for immediate commercialization and clinical uses.
基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82302345).
文摘In vivo monitoring of animal physiological information plays a crucial role in promptly alerting humans to potential diseases in animals and aiding in the exploration of mechanisms underlying human diseases.Currently,implantable electrochemical microsensors have emerged as a prominent area of research.These microsensors not only fulfill the technical requirements for monitoring animal physiological information but also offer an ideal platform for integration.They have been extensively studied for their ability to monitor animal physiological information in a minimally invasive manner,characterized by their bloodless,painless features,and exceptional performance.The development of implantable electrochemical microsensors for in vivo monitoring of animal physiological information has witnessed significant scientific and technological advancements through dedicated efforts.This review commenced with a comprehensive discussion of the construction of microsensors,including the materials utilized and the methods employed for fabrication.Following this,we proceeded to explore the various implantation technologies employed for electrochemical microsensors.In addition,a comprehensive overview was provided of the various applications of implantable electrochemical microsensors,specifically in the monitoring of diseases and the investigation of disease mechanisms.Lastly,a concise conclusion was conducted on the recent advancements and significant obstacles pertaining to the practical implementation of implantable electrochemical microsensors.
基金The authors would like to acknowledge financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2021YFF1200700 and 2021YFA0911100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.T2225010,32171399,and 32171456)+4 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-Sen University(No.22dfx02)Pazhou Lab,Guangzhou(No.PZL2021KF0003)The authors also would like to thank the funding support from the Opening Project of Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices&Integrated Technology,Institute of Microelectronics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,and State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments(No.pilab2211)QQOY would like to thank the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M713645)JL would like to thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62105380)and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M693686).
文摘Modern medicine is increasingly interested in advanced sensors to detect and analyze biochemical indicators.Ion sensors based on potentiometric methods are a promising platform for monitoring physiological ions in biological subjects.Current semi-implantable devices are mainly based on single-parameter detection.Miniaturized semi-implantable electrodes for multiparameter sensing have more restrictions on the electrode size due to biocompatibility considerations,but reducing the electrode surface area could potentially limit electrode sensitivity.This study developed a semi-implantable device system comprising a multiplexed microfilament electrode cluster(MMEC)and a printed circuit board for real-time monitoring of intra-tissue K^(+),Ca^(2+),and Na^(+)concentrations.The electrode surface area was less important for the potentiometric sensing mechanism,suggesting the feasibility of using a tiny fiber-like electrode for potentiometric sensing.The MMEC device exhibited a broad linear response(K^(+):2–32 mmol/L;Ca^(2+):0.5–4 mmol/L;Na^(+):10–160 mmol/L),high sensitivity(about 20–45 mV/decade),temporal stability(>2weeks),and good selectivity(>80%)for the above ions.In vitro detection and in vivo subcutaneous and brain experiment results showed that the MMEC system exhibits good multi-ion monitoring performance in several complex environments.This work provides a platform for the continuous real-time monitoring of ion fluctuations in different situations and has implications for developing smart sensors to monitor human health.
文摘Introduction: Despite recent advances in neuroimaging and microsurgical techniques, surgical resection of spinal cord tumours remains a challenge. However, the evolution with advances and refinement of neurophysiological equipment and methodologies, intra-operative neurophysiolo- gical monitoring (IONM) is now regarded as an essential adjunct to the surgical management of intramedullary spinal cord tumours. This study aims to report our preliminary experience with IONM and emphasise its effective role of achieving maximum tumour resection and minimising neurological injury. Methods: This is a retrospective study performed at our institution between July 2012 and August 2013. It included a cohort of 6 consecutive patients presented with intramedullary spinal cord tumours. Their mean age was 26 years (range, 4 months - 37 years), all were males, and the mean follow up was 11.6 months. Results: We combined the use of somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in spinal cord surgery. SSEPs are monitored during the incision of the dorsal midline of the spinal cord and this was used in two of our patients and MEPs were used as an essential monitoring during the tumour resection. In addition, we used free-running electromyography (EMG) and muscle MEPs (mMEPs) during tumour resection. Four of our patients (two with ependymoma, one with ganglioglioma, and one with pilocytic astrocytoma) had complete tumour resection and two patients (pilocytic and diffuse astrocytoma) had IONM changes during surgery and had partial tumour resection. At 6-month follow up all our patients had made a good recovery with no new neurological sequelae. Conclusion: This small series and literature review is presented to add and improve the understanding of IONM in intramedullary spinal cord procedures and to reinforce the importance of IONM in optimising tumour resection and neurological outcome. Our series confirm that without D-wave monitoring, free-running EMG and MEP monitoring during tumour resection remain an important adjunct. We also draw attention to the fact that changes in the free-running EMG occur before any changes in the MEPs are noted.
基金supported by Jiangsu provincial key R&D plan special fund (Social Development)project in China (No.BE2019606).
文摘Selective dorsal neurotomy(SDN)is a surgical treatment for primary premature ejaculation(PE),but there is still no standard surgical procedure for selecting the branches of the dorsal penile nerves to be removed.We performed this study to explore the value of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring(IONM)of the penile sensory-evoked potential(PSEP)for standard surgical procedures in SDN.One hundred and twenty primary PE patients undergoing SDN were selected as the PE group and 120 non-PE patients were selected as the normal group.The PSEP was monitored and compared between the two groups under both natural and general anesthesia(GA)states.In addition,patients in the PE group were randomly divided into the IONM group and the non-IONM group.During SDN surgery,PSEP parameters of the IONM group were recorded and analyzed.The differences in PE-related outcome measurements between the perioperative period and 3 months'postoperation were compared for the PE patients,and the differences in effectiveness and complications between the IONM group and the non-IONM group were compared.The results showed that the average latency of the PSEP in the PE group was shorter than that in the normal group under both natural and GA states(P<0.001).Three months after surgery,the significant effective rates in the IONM and non-IONM groups were 63.6%and 34.0%,respectively(P<0.01),and the difference in complications between the two groups was significant(P<0.05).IONM might be useful in improving the short-term therapeutic effectiveness and reducing the complications of SDN.
基金This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China(LY14H160025)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81402044)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China(LY14H160017).
文摘Objective:To present our classification for peripheral nerve schwannomas as well as explore the surgical strategies and operative management of peripheral nerve schwannomas based on the intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring(INM)technique and to decrease the risk of postoperative neurological deficits in the management of these schwannomas.Materials and methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 92 cases of peripheral nerve microsurgery performed,using the INM technique.We also made the classification for peripheral nerve schwannomas into two types according to operative findings and proceeded corresponding surgical strategies.Results:All tumors were removed completely under microscopy and INM.Three patients developed residual neurological deficits at final follow-up.There were different results about temporary(18/92,19.6%)and permanent(3/92,3.3%)neurological deficits.The incidence of temporary and permanent neurological deficits in type II group was significantly higher than that in type I group(p<0.01).The incidence of permanent neurological deficits in larger size tumors was significantly higher than that of smaller size(p<0.01).Conclusions:We made the classification for peripheral nerve schwannomas according to operative findings based on INM that is helpful to our surgical strategies.Intracapsular enucleation was the preferred strategy with satisfactory results and low risk of nerve injury.The size and location of tumors seem to be related to the risk of fascicular injury.
文摘Objective To study the application of neuroelectrophysiological monitoring for interventional therapy of intracranial aneurysms. Methods 22 patients with intracranial aneurysm underwent neuroelectrophysiological monitoring during interventional therapy. Somatosensory evoked potential( SSEP) ,brainstem
文摘Near zero stroke rates can be achieved in carotid endarterectomy （CEA） surgery with selective shunting and electrophysiological neuromonitoring.though false negative rates as high as 40% have been reported.We sought to determine if improved training for interpretation of the monitoring signals can advance the efficacy of selective shunting with electrophysiological monitoring across multiple centers,and determine if other factors could contribute to the differences in reports.Processed and raw beta band （12.5-30 Hz） electroencephalogram （EEG） and median and tibial nerve somatosensory evoked potentials （SSEP） were monitored in 668 CEA cases at six surgical centers.A decrease in amplitude of 50% or more in any EEG or SSEP channel was the criteria for shunting or initiating a neuroprotective protocol.A reduction of 50% or greater in the beta band of the EEG or amplitude of the SSEP was observed in 150 cases.No patient showed signs of a cerebral infarct after surgery.Selective shunting based on EEG and SSEP monitoring can reduce CEA intraoperative stroke rate to a near zero level if trained personnel adopted standardized protocols.We also found that the rapid administration of a protective stroke protocol by attending anesthesiologists was an important aspect of this success rate.
文摘Wearable remote health monitoring systems have gained significant prominence in the recent years due to their growth in technological advances. One form of the Wearable Physiological Monitoring System (WPMS) is the Wearable Body Area Networks (WBAN) used to monitor the health status of the wearer for long durations. The paper discusses a prototype WBAN based wearable physiological monitoring system to monitor physiological parameters such as Electrocardiogram (ECG) and Electroencephalogram (EEG) acquired using a textile electrode, Photoplethysmogram (PPG), Galvanic Skin Response (GSR), Blood Pressure derived from analysis of Pulse Transmit Time (PTT) and body temperature. The WBAN consists of three sensor nodes that are placed strategically to acquire the physiological signals and the sensor nodes communicate to a chest/wrist worn sink node also known as wearable data acquisition hardware. The sink node receives physiological data from the sensor nodes and is transmitted to a remote monitoring station. The remote monitoring station receives the raw data and it is processed to remove noises, such as power line interference, baseline wander and tremor in the signals and the information is extracted and displayed. The WBANs are designed using the ZigBee wireless communication modules to transmit and receive the data. At the remote monitoring station the physiological parameters such as heart rate, pulse rate, systolic, diastolic blood pressure, GSR and body temperature are continuously monitored from the wearer. The data acquired from the wearable monitoring system is statically validated using a qualified medical device on 34 subjects.
基金supported by the Shandong Excellent Young Scientists Fund Program(Overseas)(2023HWYQ-035)the Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province(tsqn202306078)+2 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515011635)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2023MF108)the Jinan Central Hospital(1190022050)。
文摘Real-time health monitoring and ongoing evaluation of physiological conditions are becoming increasingly vital for the advancement of future medical diagnostics and personalized healthcare solutions.Given that certain illnesses necessitate prompt and accessible detection methods,wearable chemical sensors have garnered considerable interest for their capability to monitor health through physiological signals and chemical indicators.This review delivers a thorough examination of recent developments in four primary categories of wearable chemical sensors:biosensors,humidity sensors,gas sensors,and ion sensors.We explore the representative materials,device structures,operating mechanisms,and various application scenarios for each type of sensor.By investigating the latest innovations in these technologies,we aim to provide a detailed overview of the current research landscape,highlight existing challenges,and present potential future directions of wearable chemical sensors in healthcare monitoring.
基金the Australian Research Council Discovery Projects funding scheme(DP190102181,DP210101465).
文摘Accurate detection of driver fatigue is essential for improving road safety.This study investigates the effectiveness of using multimodal physiological signals for fatigue detection while incorporating uncertainty quantification to enhance the reliability of predictions.Physiological signals,including Electrocardiogram(ECG),Galvanic Skin Response(GSR),and Electroencephalogram(EEG),were transformed into image representations and analyzed using pretrained deep neu-ral networks.The extracted features were classified through a feedforward neural network,and prediction reliability was assessed using uncertainty quantification techniques such as Monte Carlo Dropout(MCD),model ensembles,and combined approaches.Evaluation metrics included standard measures(sensitivity,specificity,precision,and accuracy)along with uncertainty-aware metrics such as uncertainty sensitivity and uncertainty precision.Across all evaluations,ECG-based models consistently demonstrated strong performance.The findings indicate that combining multimodal physi-ological signals,Transfer Learning(TL),and uncertainty quantification can significantly improve both the accuracy and trustworthiness of fatigue detection systems.This approach supports the development of more reliable driver assistance technologies aimed at preventing fatigue-related accidents.
基金supported by the Key Technologies Research and Development Program under Grant 2021YFB1600300.
文摘To examine stress redistribution phenomena in bridges subjected to varying operational conditions,this study conducts a comprehensive analysis of three years of monitoring data from a 153-m double-deck road–rail steel arch bridge.An initial statistical comparison of sensor data distributions reveals clear temporal variations in stress redistribution patterns.XGBoost(eXtreme Gradient Boosting),a gradient-boosting machine learning(ML)algorithm,was employed not only for predictive modeling but also to uncover the underlying mechanisms of stress evolution.Unlike traditional numerical models that rely on extensive assumptions and idealizations,XGBoost effectively captures nonlinear and time-varying relationships between stress states and operational/environmental factors,such as temperature,traffic load,and structural geometry.This approach allows for the identification of critical periods and conditions under which stress redistribution becomes significant.Results indicate a clear shift of stress concentrations frombeamends toward mid-span regions following the commencement of metro operations,reflecting both structural adaptation and localized overstress near arch ribs.Furthermore,the model generates robust predictions of stress evolution,demonstrating potential applications in early warning systems and fatigue risk assessment.This work represents the first application of interpretable gradient-boosting techniques to stress redistribution modeling in double-deck bridges.In addition,a Stress Redistribution Index(SRI)is proposed,derived from this monitoring study and finite-element-based transverse load distributions,to quantify temporal stress shifts between midspan and edge beams.The results provide both theoretical contributions and practical guidance for the design,inspection,and maintenance of complex bridge structures.
文摘In the version of the article originally published in the volume 68,issue 12,2025 of Sci China Mater(pages 4413-4422,https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-025-3667-7),the Chinese name of the co-first author(肖天孝)was incorrect.The corrected Chinese name is:肖天笑.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52274176)the Guangdong Province Key Areas R&D Program(No.2022B0101070001)+5 种基金Chongqing Elite Innovation and Entrepreneurship Leading talent Project(No.CQYC20220302517)the Chongqing Natural Science Foundation Innovation and Development Joint Fund(No.CSTB2022NSCQ-LZX0079)the National Key Research and Development Program Young Scientists Project(No.2022YFC2905700)the Chongqing Municipal Education Commission“Shuangcheng Economic Circle Construction in Chengdu-Chongqing Area”Science and Technology Innovation Project(No.KJCX2020031)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2024CDJGF-009)the Key Project for Technological Innovation and Application Development in Chongqing(No.CSTB2025TIAD-KPX0029).
文摘An innovative real-time monitoring method for surrounding rock damage based on microseismic time-lapse double-difference tomography is proposed for delayed dynamic damage identification and insufficient detection of adverse geological conditions in deep-buried tunnel construction.The installation techniques for microseismic sensors were optimized by mounting sensors at bolt ends which significantly improves signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and anti-interference capability compared to conventional borehole placement.Subsequently,a 3D wave velocity evolution model that incorporates construction-induced disturbances was established,enabling the first visualization of spatiotemporal variations in surrounding rock wave velocity.It finds significant wave velocity reduction near the tunnel face,with roof and floor damage zones extending 40–50 m;wave velocities approaching undisturbed levels at 15 m ahead of the working face and on the laterally undisturbed side;pronounced spatial asymmetry in wave velocity distribution—values on the left side exceed those on the right,with a clear stress concentration or transition zone located 10–15 m;and systematically lower velocities behind the face than in front,indicating asymmetric rock damage development.These results provide essential theoretical support and practical guidance for optimizing dynamic construction strategies,enabling real-time adjustment of support parameters,and establishing safety early warning systems in deep-buried tunnel engineering.
