AIM To analyze the viability of Ecological Momentary Assessment(EMA) for measuring the mental states associated with psychopathological problems in adolescents.METHODS In a sample of 110 adolescents,a sociodemographic...AIM To analyze the viability of Ecological Momentary Assessment(EMA) for measuring the mental states associated with psychopathological problems in adolescents.METHODS In a sample of 110 adolescents,a sociodemographic data survey and an EMA Smartphone application over a oneweek period(five times each day),was developed to explore symptom profiles,everyday problems,coping strategies,and the contexts in which the events take place.RESULTS The positive response was 68.6%.Over 2250 prompts about mental states were recorded.In 53% of situations the smartphone was answered at home,25.5% of casesthey were with their parents or with peers(20.3%).Associations were found with attention,affective and anxiety problems(P < 0.001) in the participants who took longer to respond to the EMA app.Anxious and depressive states were highly interrelated(rho = 0.51,P < 0.001),as well as oppositional defiant problems and conduct problems(rho = 0.56,P < 0.001).Only in 6.2% of the situations the subjects perceived they had problems,mainly associated with inter-relational aspects with family,peers,boyfriends or girlfriends(31.2%).We also found moderate-high reliability on scales of satisfaction level on the context,on positive emotionality,and on the discomfort index associated with mental health problems.CONCLUSION EMA methodology using smartphones is a useful tool for understanding adolescents' daily dynamics.It achieved moderate-high reliability and accurately identified psychopathological manifestations experienced by community adolescents in their natural context.展开更多
The D'Alembert-Lagrange equation is introduced and used to derive theformulas of momentary efficiency for external gearing of standard involutes spur gears. The gearingswith correct and increased center distance a...The D'Alembert-Lagrange equation is introduced and used to derive theformulas of momentary efficiency for external gearing of standard involutes spur gears. The gearingswith correct and increased center distance are discussed. The momentary efficiency formula iscalculated and analyzed using software Matlab. The derived formula of momentary efficiency is alsocompared with the traditional formula.展开更多
Objectives: This study aimed at identifying distinct quitting trajectories over 29 days after an unassisted smoking ces- sation attempt by ecological momentary assessment (EMA). In order to validate these trajectories...Objectives: This study aimed at identifying distinct quitting trajectories over 29 days after an unassisted smoking ces- sation attempt by ecological momentary assessment (EMA). In order to validate these trajectories we tested if they predict smoking frequency up to six months later. Methods: EMA via mobile phones was used to collect real time data on smoking (yes/no) after an unassisted quit attempt over 29 days. Smoking frequency one, three and six months after the quit attempt was assessed with online questionnaires. Latent class growth modeling was used to analyze the data of 230 self-quitters. Results: Four different quitting trajectories emerged: quitter (43.9%), late quitter (11.3%), returner (17%) and persistent smoker (27.8%). The quitting trajectories predicted smoking frequency one, three and six months after the quit attempt (all p < 0.001). Conclusions: Outcome after a smoking cessation attempt is better described by four distinct trajectories instead of a binary variable for abstinence or relapse. In line with the relapse model by Marlatt and Gordon, late quitter may have learned how to cope with lapses during one month after the quitting attempt. This group would have been allocated to the relapse group in traditional outcome studies.展开更多
Previous studies have implied that stress is a risk factor for depression,but relatively little is known about how healthy individuals’stress dynamically affects depression as a mood in daily life.Therefore,an ecolog...Previous studies have implied that stress is a risk factor for depression,but relatively little is known about how healthy individuals’stress dynamically affects depression as a mood in daily life.Therefore,an ecological momentary assessment study was conducted among 141 college students to test the temporal dynamic effect of daily perceived stress on depression and the underlying mediating and moderating role of rumination.Perceived stress,state rumination,and depression were measured using self-compiled questionnaire three times a day over 12 days.Trait rumination was measured with the Nolen-Hoeksema Ruminative Response Scale.Hierarchical linear models with HLM 7.0 were adopted to examine the mediation and moderation effects.In the mediation model,the greater the daily perceived stress at time t,the higher the state rumination at time t+1,and state rumination at t+1 positively predicted college students’depression at t+2.In the moderation model,trait rumination significantly facilitated perceived stress-induced depression.These results verified that daily perceived stress could affect college students’depression directly or indirectly through the critical mediating mechanism of state rumination,and this effect would be exacerbated with a higher level of trait rumination.展开更多
BACKGROUND Acceptance and commitment therapy(ACT)is a third-generation therapy that appears to be a promising psychological intervention for psychotic disorders.While several systematic reviews and meta-analyses that ...BACKGROUND Acceptance and commitment therapy(ACT)is a third-generation therapy that appears to be a promising psychological intervention for psychotic disorders.While several systematic reviews and meta-analyses that address the efficacy of ACT for psychosis have been conducted,no systematic review has specifically focused on the application of ACT to the early stages of psychosis.AIM To review the state of the art regarding the feasibility and efficacy of treating early psychosis(EP)with ACT-based interventions.METHODS First,we describe the foundations of the ACT model to provide the background required to contextualize the main objective of this review.Second,we searched the PubMed and PsycINFO databases for studies published up to January 2025 and identified eight studies that met our selection criteria.The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines and the critical appraisal checklist provided by the Joanna Briggs Institute for randomized controlled trials(RCTs).RESULTS All studies were published after 2019.Among the reviewed studies,five were RCTs with a total combined sample of 399 nonoverlapping participants.The methodological quality was moderate for RCTs.The results showed that ACTbased treatments are feasible and improve psychotic symptoms,medication adherence,and global functioning in patients with EP.Furthermore,preliminary evidence exists for the benefits of group-based and online-delivered programs and those that combine face-to-face therapy with novel real-time digital interventions,such as“ecological momentary intervention”,to apply therapeutic con cepts to real life.CONCLUSION ACT-based treatments in the early stages of psychosis are feasible and improve symptoms,treatment adherence,and self-care skills.Although promising,these results are inconclusive.Further research is required.展开更多
Depression is a serious medical condition and is a leading cause of disability worldwide.Current depression diagnostics and assessment has significant limitations due to heterogeneity of clinical presentations,lack of...Depression is a serious medical condition and is a leading cause of disability worldwide.Current depression diagnostics and assessment has significant limitations due to heterogeneity of clinical presentations,lack of objective assessments,and assessments that rely on patients'perceptions,memory,and recall.Digital phenotyping(DP),especially assessments conducted using mobile health technologies,has the potential to greatly improve accuracy of depression diagnostics by generating objectively measurable endophenotypes.DP includes two primary sources of digital data generated using ecological momentary assessments(EMA),assessments conducted in real-time,in subjects'natural environment.This includes active EMA,data that require active input by the subject,and passive EMA or passive sensing,data passively and automatically collected from subjects'personal digital devices.The raw data is then analyzed using machine learning algorithms to identify behavioral patterns that correlate with patients'clinical status.Preliminary investigations have also shown that linguistic and behavioral clues from social media data and data extracted from the electronic medical records can be used to predict depression status.These other sources of data and recent advances in telepsychiatry can further enhance DP of the depressed patients.Success of DP endeavors depends on critical contributions from both psychiatric and engineering disciplines.The current review integrates important perspectives from both disciplines and discusses parameters for successful interdisciplinary collaborations.A clinically-relevant model for incorporating DP in clinical setting is presented.This model,based on investigations conducted by our group,delineates development of a depression prediction system and its integration in clinical setting to enhance depression diagnostics and inform the clinical decision making process.Benefits,challenges,and opportunities pertaining to clinical integration of DP of depression diagnostics are discussed from interdisciplinary perspectives.展开更多
A summary of status of researches in the field of structural earthquake resistance design on energy concept is presented in three parts: earthquake input, demands on the structure and supplied capacity of the structur...A summary of status of researches in the field of structural earthquake resistance design on energy concept is presented in three parts: earthquake input, demands on the structure and supplied capacity of the structure. A new approach is proposed for analysis of the seismic response and damage criteria based on the momentary input energy.展开更多
In this study, the authors aim to develop the interconnection inverter ofPV （photovoltaic generation） system with FRT （fault ride thorough） function and islanding detection function, and analyze the interaction be...In this study, the authors aim to develop the interconnection inverter ofPV （photovoltaic generation） system with FRT （fault ride thorough） function and islanding detection function, and analyze the interaction between the both functions during the momentary voltage drop by using an analytical model of distribution system interconnected plural PV systems. Moreover, the authors propose a cooperated control method of the inverters ~vith the islanding detection function and FRT function, and carry out a numerical calculation in order to verify the validity of the proposed method.展开更多
Stressor forecasting predicts the likelihood of a stressful event occurring in an upcoming timeframe and can significantly influence everyday experiences.The current study aimed to understand how stressor forecasting ...Stressor forecasting predicts the likelihood of a stressful event occurring in an upcoming timeframe and can significantly influence everyday experiences.The current study aimed to understand how stressor forecasting may moderate links between hourly stress and affective experiences over the course of a day.An ecological momentary assessment approach was used to collect data from 304 participants about their predicted stressor forecasting and hourly stress to personally relevant stressors and affective experiences 10 times within a day.We predicted that stressor forecasting would moderate the relationship between stress and affective experiences(separately for negative and positive affect).Stressor forecasting significantly moderated the links between stress and negative affect,but not between stress and positive affect.These findings emphasize the meaningful implications that adverse stressor forecasting can have on daily wellbeing,which may lead to the development and maintenance of chronic stress.展开更多
The aim of this study was to test the time dependency between affect and satisfaction on a momentary level.Ninety-eight students participated in the study,using the experience sampling method.Affect and satisfaction s...The aim of this study was to test the time dependency between affect and satisfaction on a momentary level.Ninety-eight students participated in the study,using the experience sampling method.Affect and satisfaction scales were administered five times a day for 7 days via handheld devices,sampling the whole awake period with ratings approximately 3–4 h apart.The aim of this study was to examine the cross-correlation between affect and satisfaction at the intra-individual level and to test their temporal consistency via lagged cross-correlations.On average,satisfaction was robustly associated with positive affect(PA;mean correlation 0.50)and negative affect(NA;mean correlation−0.38).The correlation of satisfaction with affect factors showed a consistent temporal dependency.Lag(i.e.,the shift of one time series with respect to another)significantly affected the magnitude of the correlation coefficients of satisfaction with PA and NA(explaining almost half of the correlation variance).A significant affect–satisfaction cross-correlation can be found when no lag is present.The introduction of a lag reduces the affect–satisfaction cross-correlation to virtually zero.Research suggests that affect and satisfaction overlap at the momentary level,and the results of this study imply that they are also time-dependent.These findings corroborate the idea that momentary satisfaction judgments are partially based on available emotional information,both in terms of intensity and temporal consistency.展开更多
基金Supported by Spain’s Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness,No.PSI 2013-46392-Pthe Agency for the Management of University and Research Grants from the Government of Catalonia,No.2014SGR1139
文摘AIM To analyze the viability of Ecological Momentary Assessment(EMA) for measuring the mental states associated with psychopathological problems in adolescents.METHODS In a sample of 110 adolescents,a sociodemographic data survey and an EMA Smartphone application over a oneweek period(five times each day),was developed to explore symptom profiles,everyday problems,coping strategies,and the contexts in which the events take place.RESULTS The positive response was 68.6%.Over 2250 prompts about mental states were recorded.In 53% of situations the smartphone was answered at home,25.5% of casesthey were with their parents or with peers(20.3%).Associations were found with attention,affective and anxiety problems(P < 0.001) in the participants who took longer to respond to the EMA app.Anxious and depressive states were highly interrelated(rho = 0.51,P < 0.001),as well as oppositional defiant problems and conduct problems(rho = 0.56,P < 0.001).Only in 6.2% of the situations the subjects perceived they had problems,mainly associated with inter-relational aspects with family,peers,boyfriends or girlfriends(31.2%).We also found moderate-high reliability on scales of satisfaction level on the context,on positive emotionality,and on the discomfort index associated with mental health problems.CONCLUSION EMA methodology using smartphones is a useful tool for understanding adolescents' daily dynamics.It achieved moderate-high reliability and accurately identified psychopathological manifestations experienced by community adolescents in their natural context.
文摘The D'Alembert-Lagrange equation is introduced and used to derive theformulas of momentary efficiency for external gearing of standard involutes spur gears. The gearingswith correct and increased center distance are discussed. The momentary efficiency formula iscalculated and analyzed using software Matlab. The derived formula of momentary efficiency is alsocompared with the traditional formula.
基金thank the Swiss National Science Founda-tion for funding this study(grant number SNF 100014_126648/1).
文摘Objectives: This study aimed at identifying distinct quitting trajectories over 29 days after an unassisted smoking ces- sation attempt by ecological momentary assessment (EMA). In order to validate these trajectories we tested if they predict smoking frequency up to six months later. Methods: EMA via mobile phones was used to collect real time data on smoking (yes/no) after an unassisted quit attempt over 29 days. Smoking frequency one, three and six months after the quit attempt was assessed with online questionnaires. Latent class growth modeling was used to analyze the data of 230 self-quitters. Results: Four different quitting trajectories emerged: quitter (43.9%), late quitter (11.3%), returner (17%) and persistent smoker (27.8%). The quitting trajectories predicted smoking frequency one, three and six months after the quit attempt (all p < 0.001). Conclusions: Outcome after a smoking cessation attempt is better described by four distinct trajectories instead of a binary variable for abstinence or relapse. In line with the relapse model by Marlatt and Gordon, late quitter may have learned how to cope with lapses during one month after the quitting attempt. This group would have been allocated to the relapse group in traditional outcome studies.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:32000734Southwest Jiaotong University New Interdisciplinary Cultivation Fund,Grant/Award Number:2682024ZDPY002+1 种基金Sichuan Applied Psychological Research Center Project,Grant/Award Number:CSXL-23303Sichuan Mental Health Education Research Center Project,Grant/Award Number:XLJKJY2414B。
文摘Previous studies have implied that stress is a risk factor for depression,but relatively little is known about how healthy individuals’stress dynamically affects depression as a mood in daily life.Therefore,an ecological momentary assessment study was conducted among 141 college students to test the temporal dynamic effect of daily perceived stress on depression and the underlying mediating and moderating role of rumination.Perceived stress,state rumination,and depression were measured using self-compiled questionnaire three times a day over 12 days.Trait rumination was measured with the Nolen-Hoeksema Ruminative Response Scale.Hierarchical linear models with HLM 7.0 were adopted to examine the mediation and moderation effects.In the mediation model,the greater the daily perceived stress at time t,the higher the state rumination at time t+1,and state rumination at t+1 positively predicted college students’depression at t+2.In the moderation model,trait rumination significantly facilitated perceived stress-induced depression.These results verified that daily perceived stress could affect college students’depression directly or indirectly through the critical mediating mechanism of state rumination,and this effect would be exacerbated with a higher level of trait rumination.
文摘BACKGROUND Acceptance and commitment therapy(ACT)is a third-generation therapy that appears to be a promising psychological intervention for psychotic disorders.While several systematic reviews and meta-analyses that address the efficacy of ACT for psychosis have been conducted,no systematic review has specifically focused on the application of ACT to the early stages of psychosis.AIM To review the state of the art regarding the feasibility and efficacy of treating early psychosis(EP)with ACT-based interventions.METHODS First,we describe the foundations of the ACT model to provide the background required to contextualize the main objective of this review.Second,we searched the PubMed and PsycINFO databases for studies published up to January 2025 and identified eight studies that met our selection criteria.The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines and the critical appraisal checklist provided by the Joanna Briggs Institute for randomized controlled trials(RCTs).RESULTS All studies were published after 2019.Among the reviewed studies,five were RCTs with a total combined sample of 399 nonoverlapping participants.The methodological quality was moderate for RCTs.The results showed that ACTbased treatments are feasible and improve psychotic symptoms,medication adherence,and global functioning in patients with EP.Furthermore,preliminary evidence exists for the benefits of group-based and online-delivered programs and those that combine face-to-face therapy with novel real-time digital interventions,such as“ecological momentary intervention”,to apply therapeutic con cepts to real life.CONCLUSION ACT-based treatments in the early stages of psychosis are feasible and improve symptoms,treatment adherence,and self-care skills.Although promising,these results are inconclusive.Further research is required.
文摘Depression is a serious medical condition and is a leading cause of disability worldwide.Current depression diagnostics and assessment has significant limitations due to heterogeneity of clinical presentations,lack of objective assessments,and assessments that rely on patients'perceptions,memory,and recall.Digital phenotyping(DP),especially assessments conducted using mobile health technologies,has the potential to greatly improve accuracy of depression diagnostics by generating objectively measurable endophenotypes.DP includes two primary sources of digital data generated using ecological momentary assessments(EMA),assessments conducted in real-time,in subjects'natural environment.This includes active EMA,data that require active input by the subject,and passive EMA or passive sensing,data passively and automatically collected from subjects'personal digital devices.The raw data is then analyzed using machine learning algorithms to identify behavioral patterns that correlate with patients'clinical status.Preliminary investigations have also shown that linguistic and behavioral clues from social media data and data extracted from the electronic medical records can be used to predict depression status.These other sources of data and recent advances in telepsychiatry can further enhance DP of the depressed patients.Success of DP endeavors depends on critical contributions from both psychiatric and engineering disciplines.The current review integrates important perspectives from both disciplines and discusses parameters for successful interdisciplinary collaborations.A clinically-relevant model for incorporating DP in clinical setting is presented.This model,based on investigations conducted by our group,delineates development of a depression prediction system and its integration in clinical setting to enhance depression diagnostics and inform the clinical decision making process.Benefits,challenges,and opportunities pertaining to clinical integration of DP of depression diagnostics are discussed from interdisciplinary perspectives.
文摘A summary of status of researches in the field of structural earthquake resistance design on energy concept is presented in three parts: earthquake input, demands on the structure and supplied capacity of the structure. A new approach is proposed for analysis of the seismic response and damage criteria based on the momentary input energy.
文摘In this study, the authors aim to develop the interconnection inverter ofPV （photovoltaic generation） system with FRT （fault ride thorough） function and islanding detection function, and analyze the interaction between the both functions during the momentary voltage drop by using an analytical model of distribution system interconnected plural PV systems. Moreover, the authors propose a cooperated control method of the inverters ~vith the islanding detection function and FRT function, and carry out a numerical calculation in order to verify the validity of the proposed method.
文摘Stressor forecasting predicts the likelihood of a stressful event occurring in an upcoming timeframe and can significantly influence everyday experiences.The current study aimed to understand how stressor forecasting may moderate links between hourly stress and affective experiences over the course of a day.An ecological momentary assessment approach was used to collect data from 304 participants about their predicted stressor forecasting and hourly stress to personally relevant stressors and affective experiences 10 times within a day.We predicted that stressor forecasting would moderate the relationship between stress and affective experiences(separately for negative and positive affect).Stressor forecasting significantly moderated the links between stress and negative affect,but not between stress and positive affect.These findings emphasize the meaningful implications that adverse stressor forecasting can have on daily wellbeing,which may lead to the development and maintenance of chronic stress.
基金Croatian Ministry of Science and Education,Grant/Award Number:009-0342618-2193University of Rijeka,Grant/Award Number:13.04.1.3.05。
文摘The aim of this study was to test the time dependency between affect and satisfaction on a momentary level.Ninety-eight students participated in the study,using the experience sampling method.Affect and satisfaction scales were administered five times a day for 7 days via handheld devices,sampling the whole awake period with ratings approximately 3–4 h apart.The aim of this study was to examine the cross-correlation between affect and satisfaction at the intra-individual level and to test their temporal consistency via lagged cross-correlations.On average,satisfaction was robustly associated with positive affect(PA;mean correlation 0.50)and negative affect(NA;mean correlation−0.38).The correlation of satisfaction with affect factors showed a consistent temporal dependency.Lag(i.e.,the shift of one time series with respect to another)significantly affected the magnitude of the correlation coefficients of satisfaction with PA and NA(explaining almost half of the correlation variance).A significant affect–satisfaction cross-correlation can be found when no lag is present.The introduction of a lag reduces the affect–satisfaction cross-correlation to virtually zero.Research suggests that affect and satisfaction overlap at the momentary level,and the results of this study imply that they are also time-dependent.These findings corroborate the idea that momentary satisfaction judgments are partially based on available emotional information,both in terms of intensity and temporal consistency.
