Genotyping by Target Sequencing(GBTS)technology,known for its flexibility,high efficiency,high throughput,and low cost,has been increasingly employed in molecular breeding.However,there is still limited study on the d...Genotyping by Target Sequencing(GBTS)technology,known for its flexibility,high efficiency,high throughput,and low cost,has been increasingly employed in molecular breeding.However,there is still limited study on the design and development of high-throughput genotyping tools in watermelon.In this study,we identified 112000 high quality SNPs by analyzing the resequencing data of 43 cultivated watermelon accessions.11921 and 6094 SNPs were selected for developing two sets of watermelon liquid-phase chips with different marker densities,named Watermelon 10K and 5K,respectively.Furthermore,the SNPs and Indels of most mapped gene/QTLs for many agronomic important traits in watermelon were also integrated into the two chips for foreground selection.These chips have been tested using GBTS technology in various applications in watermelon.The genotyping of 76 accessions by Watermelon 5K liquid-phase chip showed an average detection rate of 99.28%and 81.78%for cultivated and wild watermelon accessions,respectively.This provided enough markers information for GWAS and two significant QTLs,ssc1.1 and ssc1.2,associated with soluble sugar content were detected.Furthermore,BSA-seq analysis for non-lobed leaf and dwarf traits were validated by liquid-phase chips,and the candidate region was consistent with our previous studies.Additionally,we precisely introduced the Cldw1 and Clbl genes into an elite inbred line WT2 using Watermelon 5K for assisted selection,resulting in the development of three new germplasm with good plant architecture.As a high-throughput genotyping liquid-phase SNP array,the Watermelon 10K and 5K chips will greatly facilitate functional studies and molecular breeding in watermelon.展开更多
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat sequences(CRISPR)and their accompanying proteins(Cas),commonly presenting in bacteria and archaea,make up the CRISPR/Cas system.As one of the funda-mental sourc...Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat sequences(CRISPR)and their accompanying proteins(Cas),commonly presenting in bacteria and archaea,make up the CRISPR/Cas system.As one of the funda-mental sources of nutrition for humans,edible crops play a crucial role in ensuring global food security.CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing has been applied to improve many crop traits,such as increasing nitrogen utilization efficiency,creating male sterile germplasm,and regulating tiller and spikelet formation.This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the use of CRISPR/Cas gene editing technology in crop genomes,covering the targeted genes,the types of editing that take place,the mechanism of action.Finally,we also discussed the efficiency of gene editing and pointed the future direction on how to speed up crop molecular breeding,increase breeding effectiveness,and produce more new crop varieties with high qualities.展开更多
Elite maintainer lines and restorer lines have been developed by genomic DNA transformation,Analyses of molecular markers, DNA sequences, and Southern blotting have revealed that high DNA polymorphism exists between n...Elite maintainer lines and restorer lines have been developed by genomic DNA transformation,Analyses of molecular markers, DNA sequences, and Southern blotting have revealed that high DNA polymorphism exists between new developed lines and its receptors, indicating that the special DNA fragment from distant relatives may be integrated into the genome of rice. And several combinations with the potential of super-high yield have been developed from these lines. Therefore, transformation of genomic DNA from distant relatives to the plant of a target receptor may open an avenue for breeding of super-hybrid rice.展开更多
VerticiUium wilt is an important disease in cotton production, which seriously affects the production of cotton. The classification and pathogenesis of Yer-ticillium dahliae Kleb. , achievements in QTL mapping and mol...VerticiUium wilt is an important disease in cotton production, which seriously affects the production of cotton. The classification and pathogenesis of Yer-ticillium dahliae Kleb. , achievements in QTL mapping and molecular breeding were reviewed in the paper. Meanwhile, the current problems and future direction of resistance breeding against V. dahliae Kleb. were discussed so as to provide reference information for further research on resistance breeding against the pathogen.展开更多
The major QTL-qSB-9^Tq conferring partial resistance to rice （Oryza sativa L.） sheath blight （Rhizoctonia solani Kvhn） has been verified on chromosome 9 of the indica rice cultivar, Teqing. In this study, the pros...The major QTL-qSB-9^Tq conferring partial resistance to rice （Oryza sativa L.） sheath blight （Rhizoctonia solani Kvhn） has been verified on chromosome 9 of the indica rice cultivar, Teqing. In this study, the prospect of this QTL utilized in molecular breeding program of japonica rice for sheath blight resistance was investigated. Most of the japonica rice cultivars showed lower level of sheath blight resistance than the indica rice cultivars. At the corresponding site of qSB-9^Tq, nine typical japonica rice cultivars from different ecological regions or countries proved to possess the susceptible allele（s）. Introgression of qSB-9^Tq into these cultivars enhanced their resistance level by decreasing sheath blight score of 1.0 （0.5-1.3）, which indicated that qSB-9^Tq had a large potential in strengthening the resistance of japonica rice to sheath blight. The use of the three molecular markers, which were polymorphic between Teqing and many japonica rice cultivars, promotes the application of qSB-9^Tq in a concrete molecular breeding program.展开更多
Rice blast is one of the most destructive diseases affecting rice production worldwide.The development and rational use of resistant varieties has been the most effective and economical measure to control blast.In thi...Rice blast is one of the most destructive diseases affecting rice production worldwide.The development and rational use of resistant varieties has been the most effective and economical measure to control blast.In this review,we summarized the cloning and utilization of rice blast resistance genes,such as Pi1,Pi2,Pi9,Pi54,Pigm and Piz-t.We concluded that three main problems in the current breeding of rice blast resistance are:availability of few R(resistance)genes that confer resistance to both seedling and panicle blast,the resistance effect of pyramided lines is not the result of a simple accumulation of resistance spectrum,and only a few R genes have been successfully used for molecular breeding.Therefore,novel utilization strategies for rice blast R genes in molecular breeding were proposed,such as accurately understanding the utilization of R genes in main modern rice varieties,creating a core resistant germplasm with excellent comprehensive traits,screening and utilizing broadspectrum and durable resistance gene combinations.Lastly,the trends and possible development direction of blast resistance improvement were also discussed,including new genes regulating resistance identified via GWAS(genome-wide association study)and improving rice blast resistance using genetic editing.展开更多
Genes encoding reporter proteins are used as visual marker-assisted tools in genetic transformation as well as plant breeding. In this study, the red fluorescent protein identified in Discosoma sp. coral(DsRed2) was s...Genes encoding reporter proteins are used as visual marker-assisted tools in genetic transformation as well as plant breeding. In this study, the red fluorescent protein identified in Discosoma sp. coral(DsRed2) was successfully used as a visual marker for cotton genetic engineering. DsRed2 was successfully expressed in two cotton cultivars,JIN668 and YZ1, driven by the Ca MV-35 S promoter via the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Our results suggest that DsRed2 expression provides an early-stage selection tool for the transgenic calli via visual observation. Red fluorescence can be detected not only in callus and somatic embryos but also in most tissues and organs of mature plants. The transgenic line Yz-2-DsRed2 was crossed with four different cotton cultivars to assess the transgene heritability and stability in different genetic backgrounds.The heritability of the red color was highly stable when Yz-2-DsRed2 was used as a male parent. The DsRed2 gene expressed 100% in the F_1 hybrids. To investigate the relationship between DsRed2 transcription and DNA methylation, a methylation-specific PCR approach was applied to the Ca MV-35 S promoter region. The results showed a negative association between DNA methylation level in the promoter region and the transgene transcription.Taken together, these findings suggest DsRed2 a visual reporter gene for cotton genetic transformation and molecular breeding programs.展开更多
Tree Genetics and Molecular Breeding(ISSN 1927-5781)is an international,open access,peer reviewed journal,committed to serve for tree genetics and molecular breeding,particularly publishing innovative research finding...Tree Genetics and Molecular Breeding(ISSN 1927-5781)is an international,open access,peer reviewed journal,committed to serve for tree genetics and molecular breeding,particularly publishing innovative research findings in the basic and applied fields of tree molecular genetics and novel techniques for fruit/forest/ornamental/展开更多
Animal Molecular Breeding(ISSN 1927-5609)is an open access,peer reviewed journal published online by Bio Publisher.The journal is publishing all the latest and outstanding research articles,letters and reviews in all ...Animal Molecular Breeding(ISSN 1927-5609)is an open access,peer reviewed journal published online by Bio Publisher.The journal is publishing all the latest and outstanding research articles,letters and reviews in all areas of animal molecular breeding,containing transgenic breeding and marker assisted breeding,particularly publishing innovative展开更多
Animal Molecular Breeding(ISSN 1927-5609)is an open access,peer reviewed journal published online by Bio Publisher.The journal is publishing all the latest and outstanding research articles,letters and reviews in all ...Animal Molecular Breeding(ISSN 1927-5609)is an open access,peer reviewed journal published online by Bio Publisher.The journal is publishing all the latest and outstanding research articles,letters and reviews in all areas of animal molecular breeding,containing transgenic breeding and marker assisted breeding,展开更多
This paper describes in a general way the objectives, contents and methods of molecular breeding, and the application of molecular breeding in hybrid rice.
The modern cultivated tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)was domesticated from Solanum pimpinellifolium native to the Andes Mountains of South America through a“two-step domestication”process.It was introduced to Europe in...The modern cultivated tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)was domesticated from Solanum pimpinellifolium native to the Andes Mountains of South America through a“two-step domestication”process.It was introduced to Europe in the 16th century and later widely cultivated worldwide.Since the late 19th century,breeders,guided by modern genetics,breeding science,and statistical theory,have improved tomatoes into an important fruit and vegetable crop that serves both fresh consumption and processing needs,satisfying diverse consumer demands.Over the past three decades,advancements in modern crop molecular breeding technologies,represented by molecular marker technology,genome sequencing,and genome editing,have significantly transformed tomato breeding paradigms.This article reviews the research progress in the field of tomato molecular breeding,encompassing genome sequencing of germplasm resources,the identification of functional genes for agronomic traits,and the development of key molecular breeding technologies.Based on these advancements,we also discuss the major challenges and perspectives in this field.展开更多
Maize(Zea mays L.)is not only an important cereal crop,but also a model plant species for genetic,cytologic,genomic,and molecular studies.Maize possesses tremendous phenotypic and genetic diversity.During the past few...Maize(Zea mays L.)is not only an important cereal crop,but also a model plant species for genetic,cytologic,genomic,and molecular studies.Maize possesses tremendous phenotypic and genetic diversity.During the past few decades,researchers have made significant advances in multiple areas,including the genomic compositions and variations of maize and its ancestors,the genetic and genomic bases of maize domestication and evolution,the genetic architecture of various agronomic traits(yield,quality,biotic and abiotic stress responses,nutrient use efficiency,fertility and heterosis),and the development of novel molecular breeding technologies.In this review,we summarize these research achievements and provide a perspective for future maize research and breeding.展开更多
Medicago,a genus in the Leguminosae or Fabaceae family,includes the most globally significant forage crops,notably alfalfa(Medicago sativa).Its close diploid relative Medicago truncatula serves as an exemplary model p...Medicago,a genus in the Leguminosae or Fabaceae family,includes the most globally significant forage crops,notably alfalfa(Medicago sativa).Its close diploid relative Medicago truncatula serves as an exemplary model plant for investigating legume growth and development,as well as symbiosis with rhizobia.Over the past decade,advances in Medicago genomics have significantly deepened our understanding of the molecular regulatory mechanisms that underlie various traits.In this review,we comprehensively summarize research progress on Medicago genomics,growth and development(including compound leaf development,shoot branching,flowering time regulation,inflorescence development,floral organ development,and seed dormancy),resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses,and symbiotic nitrogen fixation with rhizobia,as well as molecular breeding.We propose avenues for molecular biology research on Medicago in the coming decade,highlighting those areas that have yet to be investigated or that remain ambiguous.展开更多
Molecular tools have drawn the attention ofmodern plant breeders for its great precision and superiority.As the global population is increasing gradually,food production should be enhanced to feed the growing populati...Molecular tools have drawn the attention ofmodern plant breeders for its great precision and superiority.As the global population is increasing gradually,food production should be enhanced to feed the growing population.Therefore,precise and fast breeding tools are becoming obvious.Moreover,climate change has become a critical issue in crop improvement.Advanced breeding methods are vital to combat the impact of climate change,including biotic and abiotic stresses.Major molecular techniques,such as‘CRISPR-Cas’mediated‘genome editing’,‘marker-assisted selection(MAS)’,‘whole genome sequencing’,‘RNAi’,transgenic approach,‘high-throughput phenotyping(HTP)’,mutation breeding,have been proven superior over traditional breeding in terms of precision,efficiency,and speed in developing stress-resistant improved varieties.This review explores the potential and superiority ofmolecular breeding methods and highlights the gaps(time,cost,efficiency,etc.)in traditional breeding methods,where modern breeding programs,asmentioned,are effective.Furthermore,this reviewwill focus on the necessity of keymodern plant breeding techniques as a foundation for sustainable farming practices to address emerging environmental challenges,ensure food security,and improve the yield and quality of crops.展开更多
Soybean seeds contain approximately 40% protein,making soybeans an important source of plant-based protein.Research on QTN mapping,molecular design breeding and mining of genes related to seed protein formation provid...Soybean seeds contain approximately 40% protein,making soybeans an important source of plant-based protein.Research on QTN mapping,molecular design breeding and mining of genes related to seed protein formation provides guiding significance for the analysis of the underlying genetic mechanisms of seed protein formation and the selection of high-protein varieties.The seed protein contents(SPCs)of 144 lines of a soybean four-way recombinant inbred line(FW-RIL)population were determined in 8 environments.A three-variance component multisite random effects mixed linear model(3VmrMLM)was used to conduct a genome-wide association study on protein content.A single detected QTN explained 0.53%-3.37% of the phenotypic variation.A molecular-assisted selection breeding model containing the18 QTNs explained 51.97% of the phenotypic variation in protein content.Eight biparental and five triparental crosses that produced excellent lines with the greatest protein content-related genotype values that could be generated by phenotypic and molecular-assisted selection were screened.An LD block of 17QTNs(QEIs)was identified,and one key candidate gene related to protein formation was predicted by haplotype analysis.The proportion of Hap 1 varieties in the spring-sowing soybean region in North China was lower than those in the Huang-Huai-Hai soybean region in Central China and the multiripe soybean region in South China.The proportion of Hap 1 varieties among the wild varieties and landraces was greater than that among the improved varieties.The results of this study provide important insights into the genetic basis of soybean protein content and information to aid in molecular design breeding methods to improve protein content.展开更多
A high-density single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） array is critically important for geneticists and molecu- lar breeders. With the accumulation of huge amounts of genomic re-sequencing data and available technolog...A high-density single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） array is critically important for geneticists and molecu- lar breeders. With the accumulation of huge amounts of genomic re-sequencing data and available technologies for accurate SNP detection, it is possible to design high-density and high-quality rice SNP arrays. Here we report the devel- opment of a high-density rice SNP array and its utility. SNP probes were designed by screening more than 10 000 000 SNP loci extracted from the re-sequencing data of 801 rice varieties and an array named RiceSNP50 was produced on the Illumina Infinium platform. The array contained 51 478 evenly distributed markers, 68% of which were within genic regions. Several hundred rice plants with parent/F1 relationships were used to generate a high-quality cluster file for accurate SNP calling. Application tests showed that this array had high genotyping accuracy, and could be used for dif- ferent objectives. For example, a core collection of elite rice varieties was clustered with fine resolution. Genome-wide association studies （GWAS） analysis correctly identified a characterized QTL. Further, this array was successfully used for variety verification and trait introgression. As an accurate high-throughput genotyping tool, RiceSNP50 will play an important role in both functional genomics studies and molecular breeding.展开更多
The traits of cultured fish must continually be genetically improved to supply high-quality animal protein for human consumption.Economically important fish traits are controlled by multiple gene quantitative trait lo...The traits of cultured fish must continually be genetically improved to supply high-quality animal protein for human consumption.Economically important fish traits are controlled by multiple gene quantitative trait loci(QTL),most of which have minor effects,but a few genes may have major effects useful for molecular breeding.In this review,we chose relevant studies on some of the most intensively cultured fish and concisely summarize progress on identifying and verifying QTLs for such traits as growth,disease and stress resistance and sex in recent decades.The potential applications of these major-effect genes and their associated markers in marker-assisted selection and molecular breeding,as well as future research directions are also discussed.These genetic and genomic analyses will be valuable for elucidating the mechanisms modulating economically important traits and to establish more effective molecular breeding techniques in fish.展开更多
High-throughput sequencing is a revolutionary technological in- novation in DNA sequencing. This technology has an ultra-low cost per base of sequencing and an overwhelmingly high data output. High-throughput sequenci...High-throughput sequencing is a revolutionary technological in- novation in DNA sequencing. This technology has an ultra-low cost per base of sequencing and an overwhelmingly high data output. High-throughput sequencing has brought novel research methods and solutions to the research fields of genomics and post-genomics. Furthermore, this technology is leading to a new molecular breeding revolution that has landmark significance for scientific research and enables us to launch multi-level, multi- faceted, and multi-extent studies in the fields of crop genetics, genomics, and crop breeding. In this paper, we review progress in the application of high-throughput sequencing technologies to plant molecular breeding studies.展开更多
On November 18, 2018, the Future Science Prize Awarding Ceremony was held in Beijing. In the area of life science, Professors Jiayang Li, Longping Yuan, and Qifa Zhang shared the prize for their pioneering contributio...On November 18, 2018, the Future Science Prize Awarding Ceremony was held in Beijing. In the area of life science, Professors Jiayang Li, Longping Yuan, and Qifa Zhang shared the prize for their pioneering contributions in producing high-yield, superior-quality rice through systematic study of molecular mechanisms associated with speci?c rice features and application of novel approaches in rice breeding. The Future Science Prize is also touted as ‘‘China’s Nobel Prize", fully af?rming their achievements in rice basic research and breeding.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32172602,32472739)the Major Science and Technology Project of Henan Province(Grant No.221100110400)+3 种基金the Funding of Joint Research on Agricultural Varietie Improvement of Henan Province(Grant No.2022010503)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan(Grant No.242300421030)the Key Scientifc and Technological Project of Henan Province(Grant Nos.242102111124,242102111115)the Key Research and Development Program of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region(2023B02017-2).
文摘Genotyping by Target Sequencing(GBTS)technology,known for its flexibility,high efficiency,high throughput,and low cost,has been increasingly employed in molecular breeding.However,there is still limited study on the design and development of high-throughput genotyping tools in watermelon.In this study,we identified 112000 high quality SNPs by analyzing the resequencing data of 43 cultivated watermelon accessions.11921 and 6094 SNPs were selected for developing two sets of watermelon liquid-phase chips with different marker densities,named Watermelon 10K and 5K,respectively.Furthermore,the SNPs and Indels of most mapped gene/QTLs for many agronomic important traits in watermelon were also integrated into the two chips for foreground selection.These chips have been tested using GBTS technology in various applications in watermelon.The genotyping of 76 accessions by Watermelon 5K liquid-phase chip showed an average detection rate of 99.28%and 81.78%for cultivated and wild watermelon accessions,respectively.This provided enough markers information for GWAS and two significant QTLs,ssc1.1 and ssc1.2,associated with soluble sugar content were detected.Furthermore,BSA-seq analysis for non-lobed leaf and dwarf traits were validated by liquid-phase chips,and the candidate region was consistent with our previous studies.Additionally,we precisely introduced the Cldw1 and Clbl genes into an elite inbred line WT2 using Watermelon 5K for assisted selection,resulting in the development of three new germplasm with good plant architecture.As a high-throughput genotyping liquid-phase SNP array,the Watermelon 10K and 5K chips will greatly facilitate functional studies and molecular breeding in watermelon.
基金supported by Jilin Provincial Department of Education(JKH20230394KJ).
文摘Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat sequences(CRISPR)and their accompanying proteins(Cas),commonly presenting in bacteria and archaea,make up the CRISPR/Cas system.As one of the funda-mental sources of nutrition for humans,edible crops play a crucial role in ensuring global food security.CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing has been applied to improve many crop traits,such as increasing nitrogen utilization efficiency,creating male sterile germplasm,and regulating tiller and spikelet formation.This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the use of CRISPR/Cas gene editing technology in crop genomes,covering the targeted genes,the types of editing that take place,the mechanism of action.Finally,we also discussed the efficiency of gene editing and pointed the future direction on how to speed up crop molecular breeding,increase breeding effectiveness,and produce more new crop varieties with high qualities.
文摘Elite maintainer lines and restorer lines have been developed by genomic DNA transformation,Analyses of molecular markers, DNA sequences, and Southern blotting have revealed that high DNA polymorphism exists between new developed lines and its receptors, indicating that the special DNA fragment from distant relatives may be integrated into the genome of rice. And several combinations with the potential of super-high yield have been developed from these lines. Therefore, transformation of genomic DNA from distant relatives to the plant of a target receptor may open an avenue for breeding of super-hybrid rice.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China ( 31000729,30900911)Natural Science Fund of Ordinary Colleges and Universities of Jiangsu Province ( 10KJB210004)Science and Technology Innovation Program of Nantong City ( Biotechnology and New Medicine Special Project AS2010018)~~
文摘VerticiUium wilt is an important disease in cotton production, which seriously affects the production of cotton. The classification and pathogenesis of Yer-ticillium dahliae Kleb. , achievements in QTL mapping and molecular breeding were reviewed in the paper. Meanwhile, the current problems and future direction of resistance breeding against V. dahliae Kleb. were discussed so as to provide reference information for further research on resistance breeding against the pathogen.
基金the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (No. 2006AA10Z165, 2006AA10A103 and 2007AA10Z191)the Ministry of Agriculture of China (No. nyhyzx07-049)the 948 Program (No. 2006-G51).
文摘The major QTL-qSB-9^Tq conferring partial resistance to rice （Oryza sativa L.） sheath blight （Rhizoctonia solani Kvhn） has been verified on chromosome 9 of the indica rice cultivar, Teqing. In this study, the prospect of this QTL utilized in molecular breeding program of japonica rice for sheath blight resistance was investigated. Most of the japonica rice cultivars showed lower level of sheath blight resistance than the indica rice cultivars. At the corresponding site of qSB-9^Tq, nine typical japonica rice cultivars from different ecological regions or countries proved to possess the susceptible allele（s）. Introgression of qSB-9^Tq into these cultivars enhanced their resistance level by decreasing sheath blight score of 1.0 （0.5-1.3）, which indicated that qSB-9^Tq had a large potential in strengthening the resistance of japonica rice to sheath blight. The use of the three molecular markers, which were polymorphic between Teqing and many japonica rice cultivars, promotes the application of qSB-9^Tq in a concrete molecular breeding program.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFD0100400)the Key Studying and Developing Project of Jiangsu Province for Modern Agriculture(Grant No.BE2018351)+9 种基金the Major Project of Jiangsu Province for Significant New Varieties Development(Grant No.PZCZ201702)the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding(Grant No.BM2018003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31971868)the National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Special Fund(Grant No.CARS-01-60)the‘333’Project of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BRA2017163)the Key Studying and Developing Project of Yangzhou City for Modern Agriculture(Grant No.YZ2018048)the Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund[(Grant Nos.CX(18)1003)and CX(18)2022)]Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests(Grant No.SKLOF 201909)Opening Foundation of Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education(Grant No.ML201806)Fund of Institute of Agricultural Sciences for Lixiahe Region in Jiangsu(Grant No.SJ17201).
文摘Rice blast is one of the most destructive diseases affecting rice production worldwide.The development and rational use of resistant varieties has been the most effective and economical measure to control blast.In this review,we summarized the cloning and utilization of rice blast resistance genes,such as Pi1,Pi2,Pi9,Pi54,Pigm and Piz-t.We concluded that three main problems in the current breeding of rice blast resistance are:availability of few R(resistance)genes that confer resistance to both seedling and panicle blast,the resistance effect of pyramided lines is not the result of a simple accumulation of resistance spectrum,and only a few R genes have been successfully used for molecular breeding.Therefore,novel utilization strategies for rice blast R genes in molecular breeding were proposed,such as accurately understanding the utilization of R genes in main modern rice varieties,creating a core resistant germplasm with excellent comprehensive traits,screening and utilizing broadspectrum and durable resistance gene combinations.Lastly,the trends and possible development direction of blast resistance improvement were also discussed,including new genes regulating resistance identified via GWAS(genome-wide association study)and improving rice blast resistance using genetic editing.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFD0100203-9)National R&D Project of Transgenic Crops of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2016ZX08010001-006)+1 种基金Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities in China(B14032)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2013PY064,2662015PY028,2662015PY091)
文摘Genes encoding reporter proteins are used as visual marker-assisted tools in genetic transformation as well as plant breeding. In this study, the red fluorescent protein identified in Discosoma sp. coral(DsRed2) was successfully used as a visual marker for cotton genetic engineering. DsRed2 was successfully expressed in two cotton cultivars,JIN668 and YZ1, driven by the Ca MV-35 S promoter via the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Our results suggest that DsRed2 expression provides an early-stage selection tool for the transgenic calli via visual observation. Red fluorescence can be detected not only in callus and somatic embryos but also in most tissues and organs of mature plants. The transgenic line Yz-2-DsRed2 was crossed with four different cotton cultivars to assess the transgene heritability and stability in different genetic backgrounds.The heritability of the red color was highly stable when Yz-2-DsRed2 was used as a male parent. The DsRed2 gene expressed 100% in the F_1 hybrids. To investigate the relationship between DsRed2 transcription and DNA methylation, a methylation-specific PCR approach was applied to the Ca MV-35 S promoter region. The results showed a negative association between DNA methylation level in the promoter region and the transgene transcription.Taken together, these findings suggest DsRed2 a visual reporter gene for cotton genetic transformation and molecular breeding programs.
文摘Tree Genetics and Molecular Breeding(ISSN 1927-5781)is an international,open access,peer reviewed journal,committed to serve for tree genetics and molecular breeding,particularly publishing innovative research findings in the basic and applied fields of tree molecular genetics and novel techniques for fruit/forest/ornamental/
文摘Animal Molecular Breeding(ISSN 1927-5609)is an open access,peer reviewed journal published online by Bio Publisher.The journal is publishing all the latest and outstanding research articles,letters and reviews in all areas of animal molecular breeding,containing transgenic breeding and marker assisted breeding,particularly publishing innovative
文摘Animal Molecular Breeding(ISSN 1927-5609)is an open access,peer reviewed journal published online by Bio Publisher.The journal is publishing all the latest and outstanding research articles,letters and reviews in all areas of animal molecular breeding,containing transgenic breeding and marker assisted breeding,
文摘This paper describes in a general way the objectives, contents and methods of molecular breeding, and the application of molecular breeding in hybrid rice.
基金supported by the Beijing Rural Revitalization Agricultural Science and Technology Project(NY2401080000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31991184,32372705,32302567,32402586)+6 种基金the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(15053344,15054001)the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural Universitythe Tai-Shan Scholars Program from the Shandong Province(TSQN202312148)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2024JQ014,ZR2024QC172)the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(324CXTD426)the Science and Technology Special Fund of Hainan Province(ZDYF2025XDNY082)Taishan Academy of Tomato Innovation。
文摘The modern cultivated tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)was domesticated from Solanum pimpinellifolium native to the Andes Mountains of South America through a“two-step domestication”process.It was introduced to Europe in the 16th century and later widely cultivated worldwide.Since the late 19th century,breeders,guided by modern genetics,breeding science,and statistical theory,have improved tomatoes into an important fruit and vegetable crop that serves both fresh consumption and processing needs,satisfying diverse consumer demands.Over the past three decades,advancements in modern crop molecular breeding technologies,represented by molecular marker technology,genome sequencing,and genome editing,have significantly transformed tomato breeding paradigms.This article reviews the research progress in the field of tomato molecular breeding,encompassing genome sequencing of germplasm resources,the identification of functional genes for agronomic traits,and the development of key molecular breeding technologies.Based on these advancements,we also discuss the major challenges and perspectives in this field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32321005).
文摘Maize(Zea mays L.)is not only an important cereal crop,but also a model plant species for genetic,cytologic,genomic,and molecular studies.Maize possesses tremendous phenotypic and genetic diversity.During the past few decades,researchers have made significant advances in multiple areas,including the genomic compositions and variations of maize and its ancestors,the genetic and genomic bases of maize domestication and evolution,the genetic architecture of various agronomic traits(yield,quality,biotic and abiotic stress responses,nutrient use efficiency,fertility and heterosis),and the development of novel molecular breeding technologies.In this review,we summarize these research achievements and provide a perspective for future maize research and breeding.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1001400 to T.W.)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2023QNRC001 to Q.Y.)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32370253 to J.D.,32325035 to H.L.)the US Department of Agriculture(USDA)US National Institute of Food and Agriculture(NIFA)grant(2022-38821-37353 to S.R.),and a US National Science Foundation Award(2217830 to S.R.).
文摘Medicago,a genus in the Leguminosae or Fabaceae family,includes the most globally significant forage crops,notably alfalfa(Medicago sativa).Its close diploid relative Medicago truncatula serves as an exemplary model plant for investigating legume growth and development,as well as symbiosis with rhizobia.Over the past decade,advances in Medicago genomics have significantly deepened our understanding of the molecular regulatory mechanisms that underlie various traits.In this review,we comprehensively summarize research progress on Medicago genomics,growth and development(including compound leaf development,shoot branching,flowering time regulation,inflorescence development,floral organ development,and seed dormancy),resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses,and symbiotic nitrogen fixation with rhizobia,as well as molecular breeding.We propose avenues for molecular biology research on Medicago in the coming decade,highlighting those areas that have yet to be investigated or that remain ambiguous.
文摘Molecular tools have drawn the attention ofmodern plant breeders for its great precision and superiority.As the global population is increasing gradually,food production should be enhanced to feed the growing population.Therefore,precise and fast breeding tools are becoming obvious.Moreover,climate change has become a critical issue in crop improvement.Advanced breeding methods are vital to combat the impact of climate change,including biotic and abiotic stresses.Major molecular techniques,such as‘CRISPR-Cas’mediated‘genome editing’,‘marker-assisted selection(MAS)’,‘whole genome sequencing’,‘RNAi’,transgenic approach,‘high-throughput phenotyping(HTP)’,mutation breeding,have been proven superior over traditional breeding in terms of precision,efficiency,and speed in developing stress-resistant improved varieties.This review explores the potential and superiority ofmolecular breeding methods and highlights the gaps(time,cost,efficiency,etc.)in traditional breeding methods,where modern breeding programs,asmentioned,are effective.Furthermore,this reviewwill focus on the necessity of keymodern plant breeding techniques as a foundation for sustainable farming practices to address emerging environmental challenges,ensure food security,and improve the yield and quality of crops.
基金funded by the Opening Competition Mechanism to Select the Best Candidates Project of Heilongjiang Province for Science and Technology Science(2023ZXJ02B02)。
文摘Soybean seeds contain approximately 40% protein,making soybeans an important source of plant-based protein.Research on QTN mapping,molecular design breeding and mining of genes related to seed protein formation provides guiding significance for the analysis of the underlying genetic mechanisms of seed protein formation and the selection of high-protein varieties.The seed protein contents(SPCs)of 144 lines of a soybean four-way recombinant inbred line(FW-RIL)population were determined in 8 environments.A three-variance component multisite random effects mixed linear model(3VmrMLM)was used to conduct a genome-wide association study on protein content.A single detected QTN explained 0.53%-3.37% of the phenotypic variation.A molecular-assisted selection breeding model containing the18 QTNs explained 51.97% of the phenotypic variation in protein content.Eight biparental and five triparental crosses that produced excellent lines with the greatest protein content-related genotype values that could be generated by phenotypic and molecular-assisted selection were screened.An LD block of 17QTNs(QEIs)was identified,and one key candidate gene related to protein formation was predicted by haplotype analysis.The proportion of Hap 1 varieties in the spring-sowing soybean region in North China was lower than those in the Huang-Huai-Hai soybean region in Central China and the multiripe soybean region in South China.The proportion of Hap 1 varieties among the wild varieties and landraces was greater than that among the improved varieties.The results of this study provide important insights into the genetic basis of soybean protein content and information to aid in molecular design breeding methods to improve protein content.
基金grants from the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China，the National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China，the National Natural Science Foundation of China，Guangdong Innovative Research Team Program，the Ministry of Agriculture of China
文摘A high-density single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） array is critically important for geneticists and molecu- lar breeders. With the accumulation of huge amounts of genomic re-sequencing data and available technologies for accurate SNP detection, it is possible to design high-density and high-quality rice SNP arrays. Here we report the devel- opment of a high-density rice SNP array and its utility. SNP probes were designed by screening more than 10 000 000 SNP loci extracted from the re-sequencing data of 801 rice varieties and an array named RiceSNP50 was produced on the Illumina Infinium platform. The array contained 51 478 evenly distributed markers, 68% of which were within genic regions. Several hundred rice plants with parent/F1 relationships were used to generate a high-quality cluster file for accurate SNP calling. Application tests showed that this array had high genotyping accuracy, and could be used for dif- ferent objectives. For example, a core collection of elite rice varieties was clustered with fine resolution. Genome-wide association studies （GWAS） analysis correctly identified a characterized QTL. Further, this array was successfully used for variety verification and trait introgression. As an accurate high-throughput genotyping tool, RiceSNP50 will play an important role in both functional genomics studies and molecular breeding.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2010CB126305)
文摘The traits of cultured fish must continually be genetically improved to supply high-quality animal protein for human consumption.Economically important fish traits are controlled by multiple gene quantitative trait loci(QTL),most of which have minor effects,but a few genes may have major effects useful for molecular breeding.In this review,we chose relevant studies on some of the most intensively cultured fish and concisely summarize progress on identifying and verifying QTLs for such traits as growth,disease and stress resistance and sex in recent decades.The potential applications of these major-effect genes and their associated markers in marker-assisted selection and molecular breeding,as well as future research directions are also discussed.These genetic and genomic analyses will be valuable for elucidating the mechanisms modulating economically important traits and to establish more effective molecular breeding techniques in fish.
文摘High-throughput sequencing is a revolutionary technological in- novation in DNA sequencing. This technology has an ultra-low cost per base of sequencing and an overwhelmingly high data output. High-throughput sequencing has brought novel research methods and solutions to the research fields of genomics and post-genomics. Furthermore, this technology is leading to a new molecular breeding revolution that has landmark significance for scientific research and enables us to launch multi-level, multi- faceted, and multi-extent studies in the fields of crop genetics, genomics, and crop breeding. In this paper, we review progress in the application of high-throughput sequencing technologies to plant molecular breeding studies.
文摘On November 18, 2018, the Future Science Prize Awarding Ceremony was held in Beijing. In the area of life science, Professors Jiayang Li, Longping Yuan, and Qifa Zhang shared the prize for their pioneering contributions in producing high-yield, superior-quality rice through systematic study of molecular mechanisms associated with speci?c rice features and application of novel approaches in rice breeding. The Future Science Prize is also touted as ‘‘China’s Nobel Prize", fully af?rming their achievements in rice basic research and breeding.
