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A Two-Step Modulus-Based Matrix Splitting Iteration Method Without Auxiliary Variables for Solving Vertical Linear Complementarity Problems 被引量:1
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作者 Hua Zheng Xiaoping Lu Seakweng Vong 《Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation》 2024年第4期2475-2492,共18页
In this paper,a two-step iteration method is established which can be viewed as a generalization of the existing modulus-based methods for vertical linear complementarity problems given by He and Vong(Appl.Math.Lett.1... In this paper,a two-step iteration method is established which can be viewed as a generalization of the existing modulus-based methods for vertical linear complementarity problems given by He and Vong(Appl.Math.Lett.134:108344,2022).The convergence analysis of the proposed method is established,which can improve the existing results.Numerical examples show that the proposed method is efficient with the two-step technique. 展开更多
关键词 Vertical linear complementarity problem modulus-based matrix splitting Two-step method
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The Nonlinear Lopsided HSS-Like Modulus-Based Matrix Splitting Iteration Method for Linear Complementarity Problems with Positive-Definite Matrices
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作者 Lu Jia Xiang Wang Xiao-Yong Xiao 《Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation》 2021年第1期109-122,共14页
In this paper,by means of constructing the linear complementarity problems into the corresponding absolute value equation,we raise an iteration method,called as the nonlinear lopsided HSS-like modulus-based matrix spl... In this paper,by means of constructing the linear complementarity problems into the corresponding absolute value equation,we raise an iteration method,called as the nonlinear lopsided HSS-like modulus-based matrix splitting iteration method,for solving the linear complementarity problems whose coefficient matrix in R^(n×n)is large sparse and positive definite.From the convergence analysis,it is appreciable to see that the proposed method will converge to its accurate solution under appropriate conditions.Numerical examples demonstrate that the presented method precede to other methods in practical implementation. 展开更多
关键词 Linear complementarity problem modulus-based matrix splitting Lopsided HSS
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Modulus-Based Matrix Splitting Iteration Methods for a Class of Stochastic Linear Complementarity Problem
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作者 Qianqian Lu Chenliang Li 《American Journal of Operations Research》 2019年第6期245-254,共10页
For the expected value formulation of stochastic linear complementarity problem, we establish modulus-based matrix splitting iteration methods. The convergence of the new methods is discussed when the coefficient matr... For the expected value formulation of stochastic linear complementarity problem, we establish modulus-based matrix splitting iteration methods. The convergence of the new methods is discussed when the coefficient matrix is a positive definite matrix or a positive semi-definite matrix, respectively. The advantages of the new methods are that they can solve the large scale stochastic linear complementarity problem, and spend less computational time. Numerical results show that the new methods are efficient and suitable for solving the large scale problems. 展开更多
关键词 Stochastic Linear Complementarity Problem modulus-based matrix splitting EXPECTED Value Formulation Positive Semi-Definite matrix
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Modulus-Based Matrix Splitting Iteration Method for Horizontal Quasi-complementarity Problem
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作者 Lu-Xin Wang Qin-Qin Shen Yang Cao 《Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation》 2025年第4期1308-1332,共25页
In this paper,the modulus-based matrix splitting(MMS)iteration method is extended to solve the horizontal quasi-complementarity problem(HQCP),which is characterized by the presence of two system matrices and two nonli... In this paper,the modulus-based matrix splitting(MMS)iteration method is extended to solve the horizontal quasi-complementarity problem(HQCP),which is characterized by the presence of two system matrices and two nonlinear functions.Based on the specific matrix splitting of the system matrices,a series of MMS relaxation iteration methods are presented.Convergence analyses of the MMS iteration method are carefully studied when the system matrices are positive definite matrices and H_(+)-matrices,respectively.Finally,two numerical examples are given to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed MMS iteration methods. 展开更多
关键词 Horizontal quasi-complementarity problem(HQCP) modulus-based method matrix splitting CONVERGENCE
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Comparative analysis of energy-level splitting of Pr^(3+) doped in LiYF_4 and LiBiF_4 crystals:a complete energy matrix calculation
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作者 段美玲 邝小渝 +1 位作者 张彩霞 柴瑞鹏 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2011年第1期296-303,共8页
Based on the combination of Racah's group-theoretical consideration with Slater's wavefunction, a 91 ×91 complete energy matrix is established in tetragonal ligand field D2d for Pr3+ ion. Thus, the Stark energ... Based on the combination of Racah's group-theoretical consideration with Slater's wavefunction, a 91 ×91 complete energy matrix is established in tetragonal ligand field D2d for Pr3+ ion. Thus, the Stark energy-levels of Pr3+ ions doped separately in LiYF4 and LiBiF4 crystals are calculated, and our calculations imply that the complete energy matrix method can be used as an effective tool to calculate the energy-levels of the systems doped by rare earth ions. Besides, the influence of Pr3+ on energy-level splitting is investigated, and the similarities and the differences between the two doped crystals are demonstrated in detail by comparing their several pairs of curves and crystal field strength quantities. We see that the energy splitting patterns are similar and the crystal field interaction of LiYF4:Pr3+ is stronger than that of LiBiF4:Pr3+. 展开更多
关键词 energy levels splitting rare earth ions complete energy matrix
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THE SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF THE ITERATION MATRIX OF REGULAR SPLITTINGS FOR AN M-MATRIX
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作者 黎稳 《Numerical Mathematics A Journal of Chinese Universities(English Series)》 SCIE 1995年第1期31-36,共6页
Let A=M-N be a regular splitting of an M-matrix. We study the spectral properties of the ineration matrix M-1N. Under a mild assumption on M-1 N. some necessary and sufficent conditions such that p(M-1N)=1 are obtaine... Let A=M-N be a regular splitting of an M-matrix. We study the spectral properties of the ineration matrix M-1N. Under a mild assumption on M-1 N. some necessary and sufficent conditions such that p(M-1N)=1 are obtained and the algebraic multiplicity and the index associated with eigenvalue 1 in M-1N are considered. 展开更多
关键词 M-matrix REGULAR splitting imalrix algebraic MULTIPLICITY of SPECTRAL redius index of SPECTRAL radius
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SIGN MATRIX, REGULAR SPLITTINGS AND MONOTONIC ENCLOSURE OF SOLUTIONS FOR NONLINEAR SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS, PARTI
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作者 徐宗本 游兆永 《高校应用数学学报(A辑)》 CSCD 北大核心 1992年第1期139-146,共8页
In this paper we introduce the sign matrix of a nonlinear system of equations x = Gx to characterize its hybrid and asynchronous monotonicity as well as convexity. Based on the configuration of the matrix, we define a... In this paper we introduce the sign matrix of a nonlinear system of equations x = Gx to characterize its hybrid and asynchronous monotonicity as well as convexity. Based on the configuration of the matrix, we define a new type of regular splittings of the system with which the solvability and construction of solutions for the system are transformed to those of the couple systems of the splitting formIt is shown that this couple systems is a general model for developing monotonic enclosure methods of solutions for various types of nonlinear system of equations. 展开更多
关键词 SIGN matrix REGULAR splitting MONOTONIC ENCLOSURE Ordered Convexity Iterative Procedure under Partial Ordering.
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Preconditioned Iterative Method for Regular Splitting 被引量:1
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作者 Toshiyuki Kohno 《Advances in Pure Mathematics》 2017年第2期180-187,共8页
Several preconditioners are proposed for improving the convergence rate of the iterative method derived from splitting. In this paper, the comparison theorem of preconditioned iterative method for regular splitting is... Several preconditioners are proposed for improving the convergence rate of the iterative method derived from splitting. In this paper, the comparison theorem of preconditioned iterative method for regular splitting is proved. And the convergence and comparison theorem for any preconditioner are indicated. This comparison theorem indicates the possibility of finding new preconditioner and splitting. The purpose of this paper is to show that the preconditioned iterative method yields a new splitting satisfying the regular or weak regular splitting. And new combination preconditioners are proposed. In order to denote the validity of the comparison theorem, some numerical examples are shown. 展开更多
关键词 ITERATIVE METHOD splitting PRECONDITIONER M-matrix
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TWO-STEP MODULUS-BASED SYNCHRONOUS MULTISPLITTING ITERATION METHODS FOR LINEAR COMPLEMENTARITY PROBLEMS 被引量:12
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作者 Lili Zhang 《Journal of Computational Mathematics》 SCIE CSCD 2015年第1期100-112,共13页
To reduce the communication among processors and improve the computing time for solving linear complementarity problems, we present a two-step modulus-based syn- chronous multisplitting iteration method and the corres... To reduce the communication among processors and improve the computing time for solving linear complementarity problems, we present a two-step modulus-based syn- chronous multisplitting iteration method and the corresponding symmetric modulus-based multisplitting relaxation methods. The convergence theorems are established when the system matrix is an H+-matrix, which improve the existing convergence theory. Numeri- cal results show that the symmetric modulus-based multisplitting relaxation methods are effective in actual implementation. 展开更多
关键词 Linear complementarity problem modulus-based method matrix multisplit-ring Convergence.
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Analysis of Adiabatic Shearing Failure Mechanism for Aluminum Matrix Composites Based on Experimental and Numerical Simulation 被引量:1
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作者 郑振兴 朱德智 《Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science)》 SCIE EI CAS 2012年第5期892-896,共5页
Adiabatic shear behavior and the corresponding mechanism of TiB2/Al composites were researched by split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB).Results show that the flow stresses of the TiB2/Al composites exhibit softening t... Adiabatic shear behavior and the corresponding mechanism of TiB2/Al composites were researched by split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB).Results show that the flow stresses of the TiB2/Al composites exhibit softening tendency with the increasing of strain rates. All the composites fail in splitting and cutting with a 45 degree, and the phase transformed bands of molten aluminum are found on the adiabatic shear layers. The deformation behavior and shear localization of the TiB2/Al composites specimens were simulated by finite element code MSC.Marc. The Johnson-Cook model was used to describe the thermo-viscoplastic response of the specimen material. There was unanimous between the numerical result and the experimental result on the location of the adiabatic shear band. From the numerical simulation and experiment, it was concluded that the instantaneous failure of the composite was ascribed due to the local low strength area where the formation of adiabatic shear band was, and the stress condition had significant effect on the initiation and propagation of adiabatic shear band (ASB). 展开更多
关键词 metal matrix composites split Hopkinson pressure bar high strain-rate adiabatic shear band Johnson-Cook model
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A New Approximation to the Linear Matrix Equation AX = B by Modification of He’s Homotopy Perturbation Method 被引量:1
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作者 Amir Sadeghi 《Advances in Linear Algebra & Matrix Theory》 2016年第2期23-30,共8页
It is well known that the matrix equations play a significant role in engineering and applicable sciences. In this research article, a new modification of the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) will be proposed to obt... It is well known that the matrix equations play a significant role in engineering and applicable sciences. In this research article, a new modification of the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) will be proposed to obtain the approximated solution of the matrix equation in the form AX = B. Moreover, the conditions are deduced to check the convergence of the homotopy series. Numerical implementations are adapted to illustrate the properties of the modified method. 展开更多
关键词 matrix Equation Homotopy Perturbation Method CONVERGENCE Diagonally Dominant matrix Regular splitting
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Proximity point algorithm for low-rank matrix recovery from sparse noise corrupted data
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作者 朱玮 舒适 成礼智 《Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition)》 SCIE EI 2014年第2期259-268,共10页
The method of recovering a low-rank matrix with an unknown fraction whose entries are arbitrarily corrupted is known as the robust principal component analysis (RPCA). This RPCA problem, under some conditions, can b... The method of recovering a low-rank matrix with an unknown fraction whose entries are arbitrarily corrupted is known as the robust principal component analysis (RPCA). This RPCA problem, under some conditions, can be exactly solved via convex optimization by minimizing a combination of the nuclear norm and the 11 norm. In this paper, an algorithm based on the Douglas-Rachford splitting method is proposed for solving the RPCA problem. First, the convex optimization problem is solved by canceling the constraint of the variables, and ~hen the proximity operators of the objective function are computed alternately. The new algorithm can exactly recover the low-rank and sparse components simultaneously, and it is proved to be convergent. Numerical simulations demonstrate the practical utility of the proposed algorithm. 展开更多
关键词 low-rank matrix recovery sparse noise Douglas-Rachford splitting method proximity operator
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基于理想耦合矩阵修正的微带开环滤波器设计
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作者 刘江凡 赵萌 +2 位作者 李铮 姜一凡 席晓莉 《微波学报》 北大核心 2025年第6期88-92,98,共6页
利用空间映射法设计微带开环谐振耦合滤波器时,针对寄生耦合使得设计的滤波器响应无法收敛于设计目标的问题,文中提出一种修正目标耦合矩阵的分步优化设计方法。在利用空间映射法的迭代设计过程中,通过对目标耦合矩阵的修正,将寄生耦合... 利用空间映射法设计微带开环谐振耦合滤波器时,针对寄生耦合使得设计的滤波器响应无法收敛于设计目标的问题,文中提出一种修正目标耦合矩阵的分步优化设计方法。在利用空间映射法的迭代设计过程中,通过对目标耦合矩阵的修正,将寄生耦合纳入到修正后的目标矩阵中,完成滤波器的设计。并以一款具有耦合结构的六阶微带开环滤波器为例,验证了该方法的有效性,该方法能够有效地减少滤波器全尺寸电磁仿真次数,提高设计效率。 展开更多
关键词 空间映射 微带开环滤波器 耦合矩阵 寄生耦合
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正则图经一些图运算后的ABC能量及ABC谱半径
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作者 陈锦松 梁文钰 刘剑萍 《宁德师范学院学报(自然科学版)》 2025年第3期225-230,257,共7页
数学化学家Estrada基于图的原子键连通性指数提出了图的ABC矩阵。图G的ABC能量E_(ABC)(G)定义为图G的ABC矩阵的所有特征值的绝对值之和。图G的ABC矩阵的最大特征值即为图G的ABC谱半径ρ_(ABC)(G)。利用图的ABC能量的定义与性质,结合图... 数学化学家Estrada基于图的原子键连通性指数提出了图的ABC矩阵。图G的ABC能量E_(ABC)(G)定义为图G的ABC矩阵的所有特征值的绝对值之和。图G的ABC矩阵的最大特征值即为图G的ABC谱半径ρ_(ABC)(G)。利用图的ABC能量的定义与性质,结合图的一些基本运算给出了正则图的广义分裂图和广义阴影图的ABC能量及ABC谱半径。 展开更多
关键词 ABC矩阵 ABC能量 ABC谱半径 分裂图 阴影图
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三电平高增益分裂源飞跨电容双级矩阵变换器及其调制策略的研究
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作者 王汝田 韩龙杰 于阳 《东北电力大学学报》 2025年第3期81-89,共9页
为解决传统双级矩阵变换器电压增益不足和难以实现多电平输出的问题,文中提出一种新型三电平高增益分裂源飞跨电容双级矩阵变换器(Three-Level High Gain Split-Source Flying Capacitor Two-Stage Matrix Converter,TL-HGSSFC-TSMC),... 为解决传统双级矩阵变换器电压增益不足和难以实现多电平输出的问题,文中提出一种新型三电平高增益分裂源飞跨电容双级矩阵变换器(Three-Level High Gain Split-Source Flying Capacitor Two-Stage Matrix Converter,TL-HGSSFC-TSMC),并对其调制策略进行深入研究。首先,该变换器结合双级矩阵变换器、新型高增益分裂源网络以及三电平飞跨电容逆变器的特点,旨在提高变换器的电压增益和输出波形质量;然后,采用无零矢量调制策略进行整流级调制,并系统分析高增益分裂源网络与三电平飞跨电容拓扑的工作原理,在飞跨电容逆变级中,采用基于移相载波的改进空间矢量脉宽调制(Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation,SVPWM)方法,有效解决飞跨电容电压不平衡的问题;最后,利用Matlab/Simulink进行仿真验证,结果表明相较于传统拓扑,所提变换器显著提高电压传输比,并且实现三电平输出。 展开更多
关键词 双级矩阵变换器 高增益分裂源 飞跨电容 改进SVPWM 电压传输比
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异体脱细胞真皮基质复合自体刃厚皮片移植在手部烧伤瘢痕患儿整形修复中的应用 被引量:1
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作者 王天泉 左海亮 +5 位作者 王纪龙 董迎 张健 刘豫 张睿群 牛占国 《妇儿健康导刊》 2025年第9期121-125,共5页
目的 探讨异体脱细胞真皮基质(ADM)复合自体刃厚皮片移植在手部烧伤瘢痕患儿整形修复中的应用效果。方法 选取2020年1月至2024年6月于天津市儿童医院和东莞市人民医院进行整形修复的100例手部烧伤瘢痕患儿为研究对象,以信封法分为观察... 目的 探讨异体脱细胞真皮基质(ADM)复合自体刃厚皮片移植在手部烧伤瘢痕患儿整形修复中的应用效果。方法 选取2020年1月至2024年6月于天津市儿童医院和东莞市人民医院进行整形修复的100例手部烧伤瘢痕患儿为研究对象,以信封法分为观察组、对照组,各50例。对照组予以自体刃厚皮片移植,观察组予以异体ADM复合自体刃厚皮片移植。比较两组移植皮肤恢复情况、术后手部功能恢复情况、创面细菌量、愈合时间、瘢痕程度及不良反应发生情况。结果 与对照组比较,观察组移植皮肤的颜色、平整度、厚度及血管分布评分更低(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,观察组术后手部功能恢复优良率更高(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,观察组创面细菌量更少,创面愈合时间更短(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,观察组瘢痕程度更轻(P<0.05)。观察组不良反应总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 异体ADM复合自体刃厚皮片移植在手部烧伤瘢痕患儿整形修复中应用有助于手部外观及功能恢复,减轻瘢痕程度,减少创面细菌,缩短创面愈合时间,且不良反应总发生率较低,值得应用。 展开更多
关键词 异体脱细胞真皮基质 自体刃厚皮片移植 手部烧伤瘢痕 整形修复
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全双工中继和速率分割协同的安全传输方案
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作者 魏明生 端思轶 +2 位作者 李世党 高全学 李春国 《西安电子科技大学学报》 北大核心 2025年第2期13-24,共12页
针对传统网络框架存在的诸如覆盖范围受限、系统容量偏低等固有缺陷,考虑具有不可信用户中继与速率分割协作通信中的安全问题,构建了远端用户的平均保密率与公共信息可达速率的加权和的最大化问题。首次将速率分割多址技术与协作中继技... 针对传统网络框架存在的诸如覆盖范围受限、系统容量偏低等固有缺陷,考虑具有不可信用户中继与速率分割协作通信中的安全问题,构建了远端用户的平均保密率与公共信息可达速率的加权和的最大化问题。首次将速率分割多址技术与协作中继技术相结合,同时考虑了公共消息广播特性可能引发的公共信息泄露风险。由于该问题中存在变量的耦合和非线性约束,导致其非凸特性,无法直接求解,因此考虑基站和中继设备的功率预算的约束下,联合优化预编码矩阵、公共信息分割和设备到设备的发射功率,采用连续凸逼近的方法,引入松弛变量,线性化处理非凸约束,将该非凸问题转换为易求解的凸问题,进而设计了一种全双工协作速率分割的迭代优化算法,避免了时间资源的浪费。仿真结果证明了所提方案的优越性:相比已有半双工速率分割多址方案,所提方案具有更良好的收敛性,硬件配置实时性有相应改善;同时相比不协作速率分割多址方案,可以实现更高的安全传输速率,为远端用户提供切实的安全保障。 展开更多
关键词 协作通信 优化算法 安全速率 预编码 速率分割多址
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SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料高速冲击力学性能
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作者 易双 赵优 +3 位作者 陈泽军 丛福官 张云龙 王强 《塑性工程学报》 北大核心 2025年第9期129-139,共11页
利用分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)对SiCp/AA2024复合材料及AA2024基体进行动态压缩实验,研究其在1900~3500 s^(-1)应变率范围内的动态力学响应与损伤机制。结果表明:AA2024基体呈现应变率不敏感性,表现出明显的应变硬化和应变软化。复合材... 利用分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)对SiCp/AA2024复合材料及AA2024基体进行动态压缩实验,研究其在1900~3500 s^(-1)应变率范围内的动态力学响应与损伤机制。结果表明:AA2024基体呈现应变率不敏感性,表现出明显的应变硬化和应变软化。复合材料流动应力与塑性应变随应变速率增加而增大,表现为正应变速率强化,其屈服强度与抗压强度较基体材料分别提高约27%和18%。应变硬化与绝热软化的动态竞争导致复合材料应变硬化率波动下降,并伴随较高的能量吸收。基体材料损伤以孔洞缺陷和析出相破碎为主,并伴有析出相单向流动的挤压痕迹。复合材料的损伤表现为SiC颗粒脱粘、断裂以及颗粒/基体界面剥离。在2900 s^(-1)时,复合材料出现剪切裂纹,呈45°贯穿整个试样。断口处可见绝热升温导致的基体熔化现象,断裂类型为韧-脆混合型。弥散SiC颗粒通过位错强化与细晶强化作用,使复合材料硬度显著提升(峰值236.7 HV),增幅约14%。 展开更多
关键词 分离式霍普金森压杆 铝基复合材料 颗粒增强 高速冲击 损伤机制
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SiCf/TC17复合材料拉弯疲劳裂纹的扩展与断裂特征
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作者 李鑫鑫 周文龙 +3 位作者 王敏涓 付雪松 陈国清 黄浩 《航天制造技术》 2025年第5期46-53,共8页
采用磁控溅射先驱丝法制备SiCf/TC17复合材料,在室温条件下对SiCf/TC17复合材料在拉弯载荷下的疲劳裂纹扩展行为进行了研究,探究不同应力比及疲劳载荷应力幅值、不同纤维体积分数、不同起始裂纹位置对SiCf/TC17复合材料的抗疲劳裂纹扩... 采用磁控溅射先驱丝法制备SiCf/TC17复合材料,在室温条件下对SiCf/TC17复合材料在拉弯载荷下的疲劳裂纹扩展行为进行了研究,探究不同应力比及疲劳载荷应力幅值、不同纤维体积分数、不同起始裂纹位置对SiCf/TC17复合材料的抗疲劳裂纹扩展性能的影响,并采用扫描电子显微镜对疲劳破坏断口进行观察和分析。结果表明,紧凑型(CT)疲劳裂纹扩展试样在疲劳裂纹扩展过程中易发生纵向劈裂现象,纤维体积分数的增加导致试样抗疲劳裂纹扩展能力增强,应力比越大裂纹偏转越急剧,纤维桥接效果越弱,载荷变化对纵向破坏模式几乎没有影响,起始裂纹位于包套区域时试样更容易发生纵向破坏。断口观察表明,纵向破坏模式下疲劳裂纹沿纤维/基体界面扩展,在裂纹扩展过程中复合材料发生纤维断裂、纤维拔出、纤维/基体界面脱粘、基体塑性变形等多种失效形式。 展开更多
关键词 钛基复合材料 SIC纤维 疲劳裂纹 纵向劈裂
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TOPIC SPLITTING: A HIERARCHICAL TOPIC MODEL BASED ON NON-NEGATIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION 被引量:2
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作者 Rui Liu Xingguang Wang +3 位作者 Deqing Wang Yuan Zuo He Zhang Xianzhu Zheng 《Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering》 SCIE EI CSCD 2018年第4期479-496,共18页
Hierarchical topic model has been widely applied in many real applications, because it can build a hierarchy on topics with guaranteeing of topics' quality. Most of traditional methods build a hierarchy by adopting l... Hierarchical topic model has been widely applied in many real applications, because it can build a hierarchy on topics with guaranteeing of topics' quality. Most of traditional methods build a hierarchy by adopting low-level topics as new features to construct high-level ones, which will often cause semantic confusion between low-level topics and high-level ones. To address the above problem, we propose a novel topic model named hierarchical sparse NMF with orthogonal constraint (HSOC), which is based on non-negative matrix factorization and builds topic hierarchy via splitting super-topics into sub-topics. In HSOC, we introduce global independence, local independence and information consistency to constraint the split topics. Extensive experimental results on real-world corpora show that the purposed model achieves comparable performance on topic quality and better performance on semantic feature representation of documents compared with baseline methods. 展开更多
关键词 Hierarchical topic model non-negative matrix factorization hierarchical NMF topic splitting
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