While reinforcement learning-based underwater acoustic adaptive modulation shows promise for enabling environment-adaptive communication as supported by extensive simulation-based research,its practical performance re...While reinforcement learning-based underwater acoustic adaptive modulation shows promise for enabling environment-adaptive communication as supported by extensive simulation-based research,its practical performance remains underexplored in field investigations.To evaluate the practical applicability of this emerging technique in adverse shallow sea channels,a field experiment was conducted using three communication modes:orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM),M-ary frequency-shift keying(MFSK),and direct sequence spread spectrum(DSSS)for reinforcement learning-driven adaptive modulation.Specifically,a Q-learning method is used to select the optimal modulation mode according to the channel quality quantified by signal-to-noise ratio,multipath spread length,and Doppler frequency offset.Experimental results demonstrate that the reinforcement learning-based adaptive modulation scheme outperformed fixed threshold detection in terms of total throughput and average bit error rate,surpassing conventional adaptive modulation strategies.展开更多
[Background]High harmonic cavities are widely used in electron storage rings to lengthen thebunch,lower the bunch peak current,thereby reducing the IBS effect,enhancing the Touschek lifetime,as well asproviding Landau...[Background]High harmonic cavities are widely used in electron storage rings to lengthen thebunch,lower the bunch peak current,thereby reducing the IBS effect,enhancing the Touschek lifetime,as well asproviding Landau damping,which is particularly important for storage rings operating with ultra-low emittance or atlow beam energy.[Purpose]To further increase the bunch length without additional hardware costs,the phasemodulation in a dual-RF system is considered.[Methods]In this paper,turn-by-turn simulations incorporating randomsynchrotron radiation excitation are conducted,and a brief analysis is presented to explain the bunch lengtheningmechanism.[Results]Simulation results reveal that the peak current can be further reduced,thereby mitigating IBSeffects and enhancing the Touschek lifetime.Although the energy spread increases,which tends to reduce thebrightness of higher-harmonic radiation from the undulator,the brightness of the fundamental harmonic can,in fact,beimproved.展开更多
Epidemiological studies have highlighted an association between periodontitis and osteoporosis.However,the mechanism underlining this association remains unclear.Here,we revealed significant differences in the salivar...Epidemiological studies have highlighted an association between periodontitis and osteoporosis.However,the mechanism underlining this association remains unclear.Here,we revealed significant differences in the salivary microbiota between periodontally healthy individuals and periodontitis patients,with periodontitis patients exhibiting increased salivary microbiota diversity and an elevated abundance of pathogenic bacteria.Using an ovariectomized(OVX) mouse model,we demonstrated that the salivary microbiota from periodontitis patients exacerbated bone destruction by modulating the gut microbiota.Metabolomic analysis revealed that the periodontitis-associated salivary microbiota suppressed tryptophan metabolism.The tryptophan metabolite indole-3-lactic acid(ILA) directly inhibited osteoclast formation and differentiation.In OVX mice treated with periodontitis salivary microbiota,supplementation with ILA effectively suppressed osteoclastogenesis and alleviated the detrimental effects of periodontitis-associated salivary microbiota on systemic bones.In summary,our data demonstrate that periodontitis can affect systemic bone metabolism via the oral-gut axis and that ILA supplementation serves as a potential therapeutic option to mitigate these adverse effects.展开更多
Lithium-rich layered oxides(LRLOs)are promising cathode materials due to their high specific capacity,energy density,and operating voltage.However,their performance is hindered by the limited redox activity of transit...Lithium-rich layered oxides(LRLOs)are promising cathode materials due to their high specific capacity,energy density,and operating voltage.However,their performance is hindered by the limited redox activity of transition metals,leading to oxygen redox instability,oxygen release,and capacity degradation.To address these issues,we propose an innovative lattice-oxygen modulation(LOM)strategy that incorporates Mn^(3+)and Ti^(4+)into the Li_(1.2)Cr_(0.3)Mn_(0.4)Ti_(0.1)O_(2) system,effectively mitigating Cr migration,stabilizing oxygen redox reactions,and reinforcing structural integrity.This results in improved electrochemical performance,as demonstrated by a 56.5 mAh g^(−1) increase in initial discharge capacity to 364.2 mAh g^(−1),with 71.3%capacity retention after 30 cycles,reflecting a 20.2%improvement in cycling stability.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations confirm enhanced Cr redox reversibility and reduced oxygen evolution,further strengthening structural stability.These synergistic effects highlight the pivotal role of the LOM strategy in optimizing both electrochemical performance and structural integrity,offering a scalable pathway to improve capacity and cycling stability in lithium-rich cathodes.展开更多
Delay Alignment Modulation(DAM)is an innovative broadband modulation technique well-suited for millimeter Wave(mm Wave)and Terahertz(THz)massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output(MIMO)communication systems.Leveraging the...Delay Alignment Modulation(DAM)is an innovative broadband modulation technique well-suited for millimeter Wave(mm Wave)and Terahertz(THz)massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output(MIMO)communication systems.Leveraging the high spatial resolution and sparsity of multi-path channels,DAM effectively mitigates Inter-Symbol Interference(ISI)by aligning all multi-path components through a combination of delay pre-compensation(or post-compensation)and path-based beamforming.As such,ISI is eliminated while preserving multi-path power gains.In this paper,we investigate multi-user double-side DAM,which incorporates both delay pre-compensation at the transmitter and post-compensation at the receiver,in contrast to prior works that primarily focus on singleside DAM with only delay pre-compensation.Firstly,we derive the constraint on the number of introduced delays and formulate the corresponding delay pre/post-compensation vectors tailored for multi-user double-side DAM,given a specific number of delay compensations.Furthermore,we demonstrate that when the number of Base Stations(BSs)/User Equipment(UE)antennas is sufficiently large,single-side DAM—where delay compensation is performed only at the BS/UE—is preferable to double-side DAM,since the former results in less ISI to be spatially eliminated.Next,we propose two low-complexity path-based beamforming strategies based on the eigen-beamforming transmission and ISI-Zero Forcing(ZF),respectively.On this basis,we further analyze the achievable sum rates.Simulation results verify that with a sufficiently large number of BS/UE antennas,singleside DAM is adequate for ISI elimination.Moreover,compared to the benchmarking scheme of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM),multi-user BS-side DAM achieves higher spectral efficiency and lower Peak-to-Average Power Ratio(PAPR).展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)offer promising safety and affordability,but suffer from dendritic Zn growth and parasitic side reactions at the electrode-electrolyte interface.Herein,we construct a dual-region inter...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)offer promising safety and affordability,but suffer from dendritic Zn growth and parasitic side reactions at the electrode-electrolyte interface.Herein,we construct a dual-region interfacial modulation framework by molecularly reconfiguring the Helmholtz double layer via trace methyl methacrylate(MMA).Exploiting its amphiphilic and functionally asymmetric architecture,MMA enables a coordinated interfacial reconstruction that disrupts Zn^(2+)solvation in the outer Helmholtz plane,builds a chemisorbed coordination layer in the inner plane,and modulates local interfacial chemistry with spatial precision.This dualregion regulation collectively suppresses water reactivity,facilitates Zn^(2+)desolvation,and drives crystallo-graphically preferred deposition along the(101)plane,promoting lateral growth and mitigating dendrite for-mation.As a result,symmetric Zn||Zn cells exhibit over 4200 h of stable cycling at 1 mA cm^(-2) and maintain 1100 h of operation at 2 mA cm^(-2),even at 0℃.Zn||Ti half-cells achieve a Coulombic efficiency of 99.83%,while Zn||NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10) full cells deliver 93.92%capacity retention after 400 cycles at 2 A g^(-1),and preserve 85.3%after 300 cycles at 0℃.This work demonstrates a scalable,mechanism-driven electrolyte design paradigm for dendrite-free and high-performance aqueous Zn metal batteries.展开更多
erized by a periodic real-space modulation of the superconducting pairing order parameter,is a novel quantum phase observed in superconducting(SC)systems.It is believed to play a key role in understanding the pseudoga...erized by a periodic real-space modulation of the superconducting pairing order parameter,is a novel quantum phase observed in superconducting(SC)systems.It is believed to play a key role in understanding the pseudogap phase of superconductors and has recently been discovered in bulk cuprates,transition-metal dichalcogenide,and other unconventional superconductors.However,artificially engineered PDW in designable two-dimensional materials remain rare.In this paper,we report a strain-assisted strategy to realize cooper-pair density modulation in a van der Waals heterostructure:graphene on SC 2H-NbSe2.Superconductivity is induced in graphene via the proximity effect.Meanwhile,the graphene membrane spontaneously buckles into a periodic structure owing to strain,featuring a spatially modulated local density of states(LDOS).The interplay between the spatially modulated LDOS and the proximity-induced superconductivity results in an oscillatory pair density determined by the buckled geometry,constituting an artificial PDW.This approach enables the engineering of PDWs with periodicities of up to tens of nanometers and allows their realization in a variety of heterostructures with tailored designs.Our work provides new insights into the investigation of PDW physics using predesigned two-dimensional materials.展开更多
The 200 Gbit/s passive optical network(PON)is most likely to be the next-generation scheme following 50G PON.The costeffective direct detection(DD)system is the economical choice.However,larger-capacity DD systems wil...The 200 Gbit/s passive optical network(PON)is most likely to be the next-generation scheme following 50G PON.The costeffective direct detection(DD)system is the economical choice.However,larger-capacity DD systems will face much more serious power fading caused by chromatic dispersion(CD)combined with square-law DD and thereby significantly increases the complexity of equalization algorithms.In this paper,a 200 Gbit/s Nyquist 4-level pulse amplitude modulation(PAM4)single side-band(SSB)modulation-DD downlink scheme is designed,and a low complexity quadratic-nonlinear equalizer is proposed for this system.The computational complexity of the quadratic nonlinear equalizer is about 28%of that of the conventional Volterra nonlinear equalizer,while still exhibiting excellent nonlinear equalization ability.Simulation results for the 200 Gbit/s system with 20 km fiber transmission show that it can achieve a power budget of 29 dB,while a 30.4 dB power budget is obtained in the 50 Gbit/s experimental transmission.展开更多
The photovoltaic performance of metal halide perovskite solar cells often respond divergently to environmental conditions during storage.In particular,light exposure can either enhance or degrade device efficiency,yet...The photovoltaic performance of metal halide perovskite solar cells often respond divergently to environmental conditions during storage.In particular,light exposure can either enhance or degrade device efficiency,yet the mechanisms underlying these antithetical behaviors are still under investigation.In this study,we explore the modulation of the open-circuit voltage(Voc)in triple-cation mixed-halide perovskite solar cells by systematically controlling storage environments.While light intensity exhibits minimal impact during storage,the spectral composition of illumination selectively enhances Voc comprising reversible and irreversible contributions.Structural characterization reveals that prolonged storage degrades the quality of perovskite crystals in the upper region of the perovskite layer,whereas light storage promotes the relaxation of microstrain at the buried interface with a p-type organic layer.This structural reorganization at the interface,accompanied by lattice expansion,accounts for suppressed nonradiative recombination and a corresponding increase in quasi-Fermi level splitting.Consequently,devices fabricated without chemical defect passivation achieve a power conversion efficiency of higher than 40%under indoor lighting conditions after preconditioned by continuous exposure to ambient light during storage.These findings highlight the critical role of controlled light exposure during storage not only in enhancing efficiency,but also in ensuring reproducibility of perovskite solar cell characterization.展开更多
Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NVP)is a promising electrode material that exhibits magnetic anisotropy;however,the potential of this magnetic anisotropy to optimize battery performance has been largely unexplored.This study ...Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NVP)is a promising electrode material that exhibits magnetic anisotropy;however,the potential of this magnetic anisotropy to optimize battery performance has been largely unexplored.This study proposes a cost-effective and efficient method to induce the alignment of NVP along the(113)crystal plane by applying a vertical magnetic field during the slurry coating process,thereby enhancing its battery performance.Comprehensive structural characterizations and theoretical analysis elucidate the structure-activity relationship between the preferred crystal orientation and ion transport kinetics,facilitating the formation of more ordered Na+deintercalation pathways in NVP electrodes.This alignment reduces electrode tortuosity,enhances interfacial compatibility,and substantially improves battery performance,particularly in terms of high-rate cycling capability.As a result,the magnetic-field-modulated NVP(NVP-M⊥)electrode exhibits a high capacity retention of85.1%after 500 cycles at 5 C,significantly surpassing that of the pristine electrode.The NVP-M⊥electrode also demonstrates considerable reversible capacity at 40 C and maintains excellent stability under high temperature and prolonged cycling conditions.Furthermore,superior battery performance is observed in the assembled NVP-M⊥‖hard-carbon pouch cell and commercial NVP electrode following magnetic-field modulation,thereby validating the efficacy of this method.Consequently,this magnetic-field-induced crystal-orientation optimization strategy provides an innovative approach for low-cost and highthroughput preparation of high-performance sodium-ion batteries.展开更多
Modulations of mitochondrial dysfunction,which involve a series of dynamic processes such as mitochondrial biogenesis,mitochondrial fusion and fission,mitochondrial transport,mitochondrial autophagy,mitochondrial apop...Modulations of mitochondrial dysfunction,which involve a series of dynamic processes such as mitochondrial biogenesis,mitochondrial fusion and fission,mitochondrial transport,mitochondrial autophagy,mitochondrial apoptosis,and oxidative stress,play an important role in the onset and progression of stroke.With a better understanding of the critical role of mitochondrial dysfunction modulations in post-stroke neurological injury,these modulations have emerged as a potential target for stroke prevention and treatment.Additionally,since effective treatments for stroke are extremely limited and natural products currently offer some outstanding advantages,we focused on the findings and mechanisms of action related to the use of natural products for targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in the treatment of stroke.Natural products achieve neuroprotective through multi-target regulation of mitochondrial dysfunction encompassing the following processes:(1)Mitochondrial biogenesis:Cordyceps and hydroxysafflor yellow A activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha/nuclear respiratory factor pathway,promote mitochondrial DNA replication and respiratory chain protein synthesis,and thereby restore energy supply in the ischemic penumbra.(2)Mitochondrial dynamics balance:Ginsenoside Rb3 promotes Opa1-mediated neural stem cell migration and diffusion for recovery of damaged brain tissue.(3)Mitochondrial autophagy:Gypenoside XVII selectively eliminates damaged mitochondria via the phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced kinase 1/Parkin pathway and blocks reactive oxygen species and the NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome cascade,thereby alleviating blood-brain barrier damage.(4)Anti-apoptotic mechanisms:Ginkgolide K inhibits Bax mitochondrial translocation and downregulates caspase-3/9 activity,reducing neuronal programmed death induced by ischemia-reperfusion.(5)Oxidative stress regulation:Scutellarin exerts antioxidant properties and improves neurological function by modulating the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5-Kruppel-like factor 2-endothelial nitric oxide synthase signaling pathway.(6)Intercellular mitochondrial transport:Neuroprotective effects of Chrysophanol are associated with accelerated mitochondrial transfer from astrocytes to neurons.Existing studies have confirmed that natural products exhibit neuroprotective effects through multidimensional interventions targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke models.However,their clinical translation still faces challenges,such as the difficulty in standardization due to component complexity,insufficient cross-regional clinical data,and the lack of long-term safety evaluations.Future research should aim to integrate new technologies,such as single-cell sequencing and organoid models,to deeply explore the mitochondria-targeting mechanisms of natural products and validate their efficacy through multicenter clinical trials,providing theoretical support and translational pathways for the development of novel anti-stroke drugs.展开更多
Materials exhibiting broadband nonlinear optical responses are critically important for ultrafast photonics applications,particularly as saturable absorbers(SAs)that facilitate broadband optical pulse generation.In th...Materials exhibiting broadband nonlinear optical responses are critically important for ultrafast photonics applications,particularly as saturable absorbers(SAs)that facilitate broadband optical pulse generation.In this study,tea polyphenolpolyvinyl alcohol(TP-PVA)composite films are synthesized via a polymer embedding method and employed as SAs to initiate ultrafast pulse operation in fiber lasers.The TP-PVA SA film exhibits excellent broadband saturable absorption performance at wavelengths of 1.0μm,1.5μm,and 2.0μm,with modulation depths of 54.21%,41.41%,and 51.16%,respectively.Stable passively mode-locked pulses with pulse widths of 588 fs,419 fs,and 743 fs are generated in Yb-,Er-,and Tm-doped fiber lasers,respectively.This work confirms the effective performance of TP-PVA as a broadband SA,and establishes a foundation for the integration of novel and sustainable materials within ultrafast photonic systems.The approach paves the way for developing compact broadband ultrafast laser systems operating in the near-infrared spectral region.展开更多
The subnucleus reticularis dorsalis(SRD),also known as the dorsal reticular nucleus(DRt)or dorsal medullary reticular nucleus(MdD),which resides at the caudal end of the medulla,plays a pivotal role in regulating pain...The subnucleus reticularis dorsalis(SRD),also known as the dorsal reticular nucleus(DRt)or dorsal medullary reticular nucleus(MdD),which resides at the caudal end of the medulla,plays a pivotal role in regulating pain perception.Despite extensive research efforts to unravel its mechanisms,the operational intricacies of SRD remain poorly understood.Advances in experimental methodologies such as brain imaging and chemogenetics have facilitated deeper investigations into the involvement of SRD in various pain disorders.This comprehensive review aims to analyze 36 years(1989–2024)of preclinical research highlighting the critical role of SRD in diffuse noxious inhibitory control(DNIC),also known as conditioned pain modulation(CPM)in humans,and its interconnected neural circuits.Moreover,this review explores the neural circuits related to SRD,including locus coeruleus(LC)-SRD,parabrachial nucleus(PBN)-SRD,rostroventromedial medulla(RVM)-ventrolateral medulla(VLM)-SRD,anterior cingulate cortex(ACC)-SRD,medial medullary reticular formation(mMRF)-SRD,and dorsal striatum(DS)-SRD.Their activation also plays a significant role in analgesia.The pivotal roles of neurotransmitters such asμ-opioid receptor(MOR),noradrenaline,and metabotropic glutamate receptor 7(mGluR7)in modulating SRD responsiveness to pain stimuli are also discussed,as are the influences of SRD on different pain types.This review identified promising avenues for innovative analgesic treatments by shedding light on potential therapeutic strategies targeting SRD.展开更多
Following publication of the original article[1],the authors found that they pasted the same data when drawing XRD for sample NCO-1 and NCO-2 in Fig.2a,however,the XRD of all four samples in the manuscript was tested,...Following publication of the original article[1],the authors found that they pasted the same data when drawing XRD for sample NCO-1 and NCO-2 in Fig.2a,however,the XRD of all four samples in the manuscript was tested,and XRD raw data were kept and can be offered.The correct Fig.2 has been provided in this Correction.展开更多
Multilevel coding(MLC)is a commonly used polar coded modulation scheme,but challenging to implement in engineering due to its high complexity and long decoding delay for high-order modulations.To address these limitat...Multilevel coding(MLC)is a commonly used polar coded modulation scheme,but challenging to implement in engineering due to its high complexity and long decoding delay for high-order modulations.To address these limitations,a novel two-level serially concatenated MLC scheme,in which the bitlevels with similar reliability are bundled and transmitted together,is proposed.The proposed scheme hierarchically protects the two bit-level sets:the bitlevel sets at the higher level are sufficiently reliable and do not require excessive resources for protection,whereas only the bit-level sets at the lower level are encoded by polar codes.The proposed scheme has the advantages of low power consumption,low delay and high reliability.Moreover,an optimized constellation signal labeling rule that can enhance the performance is proposed.Finally,the superiority of the proposed scheme is validated through the theoretical analysis and simulation results.Compared with the bit interleaving coding modulation(BICM)scheme,under 256-quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM),the proposed scheme attains a performance gain of 1.0 dB while reducing the decoding complexity by 54.55%.展开更多
A novel parameter identification method for magnetic levitation bearing rotor systems is proposed,based on the modulation function method.The fundamental principle of the modulation function method for parameter ident...A novel parameter identification method for magnetic levitation bearing rotor systems is proposed,based on the modulation function method.The fundamental principle of the modulation function method for parameter identification is derived on the basis of the characteristics of the modulation function.The transformation of the differential equation model of a continuous system into a general algebraic equation model is effectively achieved,thereby avoiding the influence of errors introduced by the initial value and differential derivation of the system.Modulation function method parameter identification models have been established for single-degree-of-freedom and multi-degree-of-freedom magnetic levitation bearing rotor systems.The influence of different parameters of Hartley modulation function on the accuracy of system parameter identification has been investigated,thus providing a basis for the design of Hartley modulation function parameters.Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the modulation function method can effectively identify system parameters despite the presence of system noise.展开更多
Large-angle stimulated Raman scattering(LA-SRS)in a longitudinally inhomogeneous plasma with a transverse density modulation is studied using a three-wave coupled model and numerical simulations.The simulations show t...Large-angle stimulated Raman scattering(LA-SRS)in a longitudinally inhomogeneous plasma with a transverse density modulation is studied using a three-wave coupled model and numerical simulations.The simulations show that the scattering angle of SRS in a longitudinally inhomogeneous plasma can be significantly affected by transverse density modulation.Under transverse density modulation conditions,the laser focuses into underdense regions,owing to the transversely modulated refractive index.The angle of LA-SRS,neither a purely 90° angle side scattering nor purely backscattering,is almost consistent with the specific angle at which the density inhomogeneity vanishes.In modulated plasmas,the nonuniform distribution of laser intensity shifts the regions of scattering and gain compared with those in uniform plasmas,ultimately affecting the laser transmission.SRS is suppressed in weakly modulated regimes,whereas it is enhanced under strong modulation conditions,and a theoretical criterion distinguishing between strong and weak modulation is established.展开更多
Diatomic metasurfaces designed for interferometric mechanisms possess significant potential for the multidimensional manipulation of electromagnetic waves,including control over amplitude,phase,frequency,and polarizat...Diatomic metasurfaces designed for interferometric mechanisms possess significant potential for the multidimensional manipulation of electromagnetic waves,including control over amplitude,phase,frequency,and polarization.Geometric phase profiles with spin-selective properties are commonly associated with wavefront modulation,allowing the implementation of conjugate strategies within orthogonal circularly polarized channels.Simultaneous control of these characteristics in a single-layered diatomic metasurface will be an apparent technological extension.Here,spin-selective modulation of terahertz(THz)beams is realized by assembling a pair of meta-atoms with birefringent effects.The distinct modulation functions arise from geometric phase profiles characterized by multiple rotational properties,which introduce independent parametric factors that elucidate their physical significance.By arranging the key parameters,the proposed design strategy can be employed to realize independent amplitude and phase manipulation.A series of THz metasurface samples with specific modulation functions are characterized,experimentally demonstrating the accuracy of on-demand manipulation.This research paves the way for all-silicon meta-optics that may have great potential in imaging,sensing and detection.展开更多
Under submerged conditions, compared with traditional self-excited oscillating pulsed waterjets(SOPWs), annular fluid-enhanced self-excited oscillating pulsed waterjets(AFESOPWs) exhibit a higher surge pressure throug...Under submerged conditions, compared with traditional self-excited oscillating pulsed waterjets(SOPWs), annular fluid-enhanced self-excited oscillating pulsed waterjets(AFESOPWs) exhibit a higher surge pressure through self-priming. However, their pressure frequency and cavitation characteristics remain unclear, resulting in an inability to fully utilize resonance and cavitation erosion to break coal and rock. In this study, high-frequency pressure testing, high-speed photography, and large eddy simulation(LES) are used to investigate the distribution of the pressure frequency band, evolution law of the cavitation cloud, and its regulation mechanism of a continuous waterjet, SOPW, and AFESOPW. The results indicated that the excitation of the plunger pump, shearing layer vortex, and bubble collapse corresponded to the three high-amplitude frequency bands of the waterjet pressure. AFESOPWs have an additional self-priming frequency that can produce a larger amplitude under a synergistic effect with the second high-amplitude frequency band. A better cavitation effect was produced after self-priming the annulus fluid, and the shedding frequency of the cavitation clouds of the three types of waterjets was linearly related to the cavitation number. The peak pressure of the waterjet and cavitation erosion effect can be improved by modulating the waterjet pressure oscillation frequency and cavitation shedding frequency.展开更多
All-season thermal management with zero energy consumption and emissions is more crucial to global decarbonization over traditional energy-intensive cooling/heating systems.However,the static single thermal management...All-season thermal management with zero energy consumption and emissions is more crucial to global decarbonization over traditional energy-intensive cooling/heating systems.However,the static single thermal management for cooling or heating fails to self-regulate the temperature in dynamic seasonal temperature condition.Herein,inspired by the dual-temperature regulation function of the fur color changes on the backs and abdomens of penguins,a smart thermal management composite hydrogel(PNA@H-PM Gel)system was subtly created though an"on-demand"dual-layer structure design strategy.The PNA@H-PM Gel system features synchronous solar and thermal radiation modulation as well as tunable phase transition temperatures to meet the variable seasonal thermal requirements and energy-saving demands via self-adaptive radiative cooling and solar heating regulation.Furthermore,this system demonstrates superb modulations of both the solar reflectance(ΔR=0.74)and thermal emissivity(ΔE=0.52)in response to ambient temperature changes,highlighting efficient temperature regulation with average radiative cooling and solar heating effects of 9.6℃in summer and 6.1℃in winter,respectively.Moreover,compared to standard building baselines,the PNA@H-PM Gel presents a more substantial energy-saving cooling/heating potentials for energy-efficient buildings across various regions and climates.This novel solution,inspired by penguins in the real world,will offer a fresh approach for producing intelligent,energy-saving thermal management materials,and serve for temperature regulation under dynamic climate conditions and even throughout all seasons.展开更多
基金funding from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFE0110000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11274259,No.11574258)the Science and Technology Commission Foundation of Shanghai(21DZ1205500)in support of the present research.
文摘While reinforcement learning-based underwater acoustic adaptive modulation shows promise for enabling environment-adaptive communication as supported by extensive simulation-based research,its practical performance remains underexplored in field investigations.To evaluate the practical applicability of this emerging technique in adverse shallow sea channels,a field experiment was conducted using three communication modes:orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM),M-ary frequency-shift keying(MFSK),and direct sequence spread spectrum(DSSS)for reinforcement learning-driven adaptive modulation.Specifically,a Q-learning method is used to select the optimal modulation mode according to the channel quality quantified by signal-to-noise ratio,multipath spread length,and Doppler frequency offset.Experimental results demonstrate that the reinforcement learning-based adaptive modulation scheme outperformed fixed threshold detection in terms of total throughput and average bit error rate,surpassing conventional adaptive modulation strategies.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(12405168)The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(2024CDJXY004)。
文摘[Background]High harmonic cavities are widely used in electron storage rings to lengthen thebunch,lower the bunch peak current,thereby reducing the IBS effect,enhancing the Touschek lifetime,as well asproviding Landau damping,which is particularly important for storage rings operating with ultra-low emittance or atlow beam energy.[Purpose]To further increase the bunch length without additional hardware costs,the phasemodulation in a dual-RF system is considered.[Methods]In this paper,turn-by-turn simulations incorporating randomsynchrotron radiation excitation are conducted,and a brief analysis is presented to explain the bunch lengtheningmechanism.[Results]Simulation results reveal that the peak current can be further reduced,thereby mitigating IBSeffects and enhancing the Touschek lifetime.Although the energy spread increases,which tends to reduce thebrightness of higher-harmonic radiation from the undulator,the brightness of the fundamental harmonic can,in fact,beimproved.
基金provided by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (82270979)High-Level Hospital Construction Project (0224C001,0224C050)Cultivation Program for Reserve Talents for Academic Leaders (2023A208) of Nanjing Stomatological Hospital,Affiliated Hospital of Medical School,Institute of Stomatology,Nanjing University。
文摘Epidemiological studies have highlighted an association between periodontitis and osteoporosis.However,the mechanism underlining this association remains unclear.Here,we revealed significant differences in the salivary microbiota between periodontally healthy individuals and periodontitis patients,with periodontitis patients exhibiting increased salivary microbiota diversity and an elevated abundance of pathogenic bacteria.Using an ovariectomized(OVX) mouse model,we demonstrated that the salivary microbiota from periodontitis patients exacerbated bone destruction by modulating the gut microbiota.Metabolomic analysis revealed that the periodontitis-associated salivary microbiota suppressed tryptophan metabolism.The tryptophan metabolite indole-3-lactic acid(ILA) directly inhibited osteoclast formation and differentiation.In OVX mice treated with periodontitis salivary microbiota,supplementation with ILA effectively suppressed osteoclastogenesis and alleviated the detrimental effects of periodontitis-associated salivary microbiota on systemic bones.In summary,our data demonstrate that periodontitis can affect systemic bone metabolism via the oral-gut axis and that ILA supplementation serves as a potential therapeutic option to mitigate these adverse effects.
基金support from National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB3807200)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(25CL2902100).
文摘Lithium-rich layered oxides(LRLOs)are promising cathode materials due to their high specific capacity,energy density,and operating voltage.However,their performance is hindered by the limited redox activity of transition metals,leading to oxygen redox instability,oxygen release,and capacity degradation.To address these issues,we propose an innovative lattice-oxygen modulation(LOM)strategy that incorporates Mn^(3+)and Ti^(4+)into the Li_(1.2)Cr_(0.3)Mn_(0.4)Ti_(0.1)O_(2) system,effectively mitigating Cr migration,stabilizing oxygen redox reactions,and reinforcing structural integrity.This results in improved electrochemical performance,as demonstrated by a 56.5 mAh g^(−1) increase in initial discharge capacity to 364.2 mAh g^(−1),with 71.3%capacity retention after 30 cycles,reflecting a 20.2%improvement in cycling stability.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations confirm enhanced Cr redox reversibility and reduced oxygen evolution,further strengthening structural stability.These synergistic effects highlight the pivotal role of the LOM strategy in optimizing both electrochemical performance and structural integrity,offering a scalable pathway to improve capacity and cycling stability in lithium-rich cathodes.
基金supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Jiangsu Province under Grant BK20240070in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62071114n part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant 2242022k60004。
文摘Delay Alignment Modulation(DAM)is an innovative broadband modulation technique well-suited for millimeter Wave(mm Wave)and Terahertz(THz)massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output(MIMO)communication systems.Leveraging the high spatial resolution and sparsity of multi-path channels,DAM effectively mitigates Inter-Symbol Interference(ISI)by aligning all multi-path components through a combination of delay pre-compensation(or post-compensation)and path-based beamforming.As such,ISI is eliminated while preserving multi-path power gains.In this paper,we investigate multi-user double-side DAM,which incorporates both delay pre-compensation at the transmitter and post-compensation at the receiver,in contrast to prior works that primarily focus on singleside DAM with only delay pre-compensation.Firstly,we derive the constraint on the number of introduced delays and formulate the corresponding delay pre/post-compensation vectors tailored for multi-user double-side DAM,given a specific number of delay compensations.Furthermore,we demonstrate that when the number of Base Stations(BSs)/User Equipment(UE)antennas is sufficiently large,single-side DAM—where delay compensation is performed only at the BS/UE—is preferable to double-side DAM,since the former results in less ISI to be spatially eliminated.Next,we propose two low-complexity path-based beamforming strategies based on the eigen-beamforming transmission and ISI-Zero Forcing(ZF),respectively.On this basis,we further analyze the achievable sum rates.Simulation results verify that with a sufficiently large number of BS/UE antennas,singleside DAM is adequate for ISI elimination.Moreover,compared to the benchmarking scheme of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM),multi-user BS-side DAM achieves higher spectral efficiency and lower Peak-to-Average Power Ratio(PAPR).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52125405 and U22A20108)Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fund Chulalongkorn University,National Research Council of Thailand(NRCT)and Chulalongkorn University(N42A660383).D.D.Zhang would like to thank the financial support from the Scientific Research Fund of Liaoning Provincial Education Department of China(No.JYTQN2023289)+3 种基金Liaoning Provincial Science and Technology Joint Plan(Fund)Project(No.2023-BSBA-259)and the opening project of State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology,Yanshan University(No.202404).J.Cao would like to acknowledge the support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52402279)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Special Funding(Grant Nos.2025T180002,2024M751753)the opening project of State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology(Yanshan University)(No.202401).
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)offer promising safety and affordability,but suffer from dendritic Zn growth and parasitic side reactions at the electrode-electrolyte interface.Herein,we construct a dual-region interfacial modulation framework by molecularly reconfiguring the Helmholtz double layer via trace methyl methacrylate(MMA).Exploiting its amphiphilic and functionally asymmetric architecture,MMA enables a coordinated interfacial reconstruction that disrupts Zn^(2+)solvation in the outer Helmholtz plane,builds a chemisorbed coordination layer in the inner plane,and modulates local interfacial chemistry with spatial precision.This dualregion regulation collectively suppresses water reactivity,facilitates Zn^(2+)desolvation,and drives crystallo-graphically preferred deposition along the(101)plane,promoting lateral growth and mitigating dendrite for-mation.As a result,symmetric Zn||Zn cells exhibit over 4200 h of stable cycling at 1 mA cm^(-2) and maintain 1100 h of operation at 2 mA cm^(-2),even at 0℃.Zn||Ti half-cells achieve a Coulombic efficiency of 99.83%,while Zn||NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10) full cells deliver 93.92%capacity retention after 400 cycles at 2 A g^(-1),and preserve 85.3%after 300 cycles at 0℃.This work demonstrates a scalable,mechanism-driven electrolyte design paradigm for dendrite-free and high-performance aqueous Zn metal batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12474477,12550405,and 61888102)the Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program+4 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No.2024YFA1207700)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Scientific Research Innovation Capability Support Project for Young Faculty (Grant No.SRICSPYF- ZY2025071)the Robotic AI-Scientist Platform of the Chinese Academy of Sciencesfinancial support from the Flemish Research Foundation (Grant Nos.FWO/11E5821N and FWO/G0A5921N)。
文摘erized by a periodic real-space modulation of the superconducting pairing order parameter,is a novel quantum phase observed in superconducting(SC)systems.It is believed to play a key role in understanding the pseudogap phase of superconductors and has recently been discovered in bulk cuprates,transition-metal dichalcogenide,and other unconventional superconductors.However,artificially engineered PDW in designable two-dimensional materials remain rare.In this paper,we report a strain-assisted strategy to realize cooper-pair density modulation in a van der Waals heterostructure:graphene on SC 2H-NbSe2.Superconductivity is induced in graphene via the proximity effect.Meanwhile,the graphene membrane spontaneously buckles into a periodic structure owing to strain,featuring a spatially modulated local density of states(LDOS).The interplay between the spatially modulated LDOS and the proximity-induced superconductivity results in an oscillatory pair density determined by the buckled geometry,constituting an artificial PDW.This approach enables the engineering of PDWs with periodicities of up to tens of nanometers and allows their realization in a variety of heterostructures with tailored designs.Our work provides new insights into the investigation of PDW physics using predesigned two-dimensional materials.
基金ZTE Industry-University-Institute Cooperation Funds under Grant No.HC-CN-20230105001National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.62001045。
文摘The 200 Gbit/s passive optical network(PON)is most likely to be the next-generation scheme following 50G PON.The costeffective direct detection(DD)system is the economical choice.However,larger-capacity DD systems will face much more serious power fading caused by chromatic dispersion(CD)combined with square-law DD and thereby significantly increases the complexity of equalization algorithms.In this paper,a 200 Gbit/s Nyquist 4-level pulse amplitude modulation(PAM4)single side-band(SSB)modulation-DD downlink scheme is designed,and a low complexity quadratic-nonlinear equalizer is proposed for this system.The computational complexity of the quadratic nonlinear equalizer is about 28%of that of the conventional Volterra nonlinear equalizer,while still exhibiting excellent nonlinear equalization ability.Simulation results for the 200 Gbit/s system with 20 km fiber transmission show that it can achieve a power budget of 29 dB,while a 30.4 dB power budget is obtained in the 50 Gbit/s experimental transmission.
基金supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(RS-2023-NR076521,RS-2025-00519481)the Research Grant of Kwangwoon University in 2023.
文摘The photovoltaic performance of metal halide perovskite solar cells often respond divergently to environmental conditions during storage.In particular,light exposure can either enhance or degrade device efficiency,yet the mechanisms underlying these antithetical behaviors are still under investigation.In this study,we explore the modulation of the open-circuit voltage(Voc)in triple-cation mixed-halide perovskite solar cells by systematically controlling storage environments.While light intensity exhibits minimal impact during storage,the spectral composition of illumination selectively enhances Voc comprising reversible and irreversible contributions.Structural characterization reveals that prolonged storage degrades the quality of perovskite crystals in the upper region of the perovskite layer,whereas light storage promotes the relaxation of microstrain at the buried interface with a p-type organic layer.This structural reorganization at the interface,accompanied by lattice expansion,accounts for suppressed nonradiative recombination and a corresponding increase in quasi-Fermi level splitting.Consequently,devices fabricated without chemical defect passivation achieve a power conversion efficiency of higher than 40%under indoor lighting conditions after preconditioned by continuous exposure to ambient light during storage.These findings highlight the critical role of controlled light exposure during storage not only in enhancing efficiency,but also in ensuring reproducibility of perovskite solar cell characterization.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22179020,12174057)Foreign Science and Technology Cooperation Project of Fuzhou Science and Technology Bureau(No.2024-Y-006)+3 种基金Natural Science Foundations of Fujian Province(No.2025J01659)Fujian province's“Young Eagle Program”Youth Top Talents ProgramNatural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2024A1515012077)Major Talent Programs of Guangdong Province(2023QN10C405)。
文摘Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NVP)is a promising electrode material that exhibits magnetic anisotropy;however,the potential of this magnetic anisotropy to optimize battery performance has been largely unexplored.This study proposes a cost-effective and efficient method to induce the alignment of NVP along the(113)crystal plane by applying a vertical magnetic field during the slurry coating process,thereby enhancing its battery performance.Comprehensive structural characterizations and theoretical analysis elucidate the structure-activity relationship between the preferred crystal orientation and ion transport kinetics,facilitating the formation of more ordered Na+deintercalation pathways in NVP electrodes.This alignment reduces electrode tortuosity,enhances interfacial compatibility,and substantially improves battery performance,particularly in terms of high-rate cycling capability.As a result,the magnetic-field-modulated NVP(NVP-M⊥)electrode exhibits a high capacity retention of85.1%after 500 cycles at 5 C,significantly surpassing that of the pristine electrode.The NVP-M⊥electrode also demonstrates considerable reversible capacity at 40 C and maintains excellent stability under high temperature and prolonged cycling conditions.Furthermore,superior battery performance is observed in the assembled NVP-M⊥‖hard-carbon pouch cell and commercial NVP electrode following magnetic-field modulation,thereby validating the efficacy of this method.Consequently,this magnetic-field-induced crystal-orientation optimization strategy provides an innovative approach for low-cost and highthroughput preparation of high-performance sodium-ion batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82204663(to TZ)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,No.ZR2022QH058(to TZ).
文摘Modulations of mitochondrial dysfunction,which involve a series of dynamic processes such as mitochondrial biogenesis,mitochondrial fusion and fission,mitochondrial transport,mitochondrial autophagy,mitochondrial apoptosis,and oxidative stress,play an important role in the onset and progression of stroke.With a better understanding of the critical role of mitochondrial dysfunction modulations in post-stroke neurological injury,these modulations have emerged as a potential target for stroke prevention and treatment.Additionally,since effective treatments for stroke are extremely limited and natural products currently offer some outstanding advantages,we focused on the findings and mechanisms of action related to the use of natural products for targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in the treatment of stroke.Natural products achieve neuroprotective through multi-target regulation of mitochondrial dysfunction encompassing the following processes:(1)Mitochondrial biogenesis:Cordyceps and hydroxysafflor yellow A activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha/nuclear respiratory factor pathway,promote mitochondrial DNA replication and respiratory chain protein synthesis,and thereby restore energy supply in the ischemic penumbra.(2)Mitochondrial dynamics balance:Ginsenoside Rb3 promotes Opa1-mediated neural stem cell migration and diffusion for recovery of damaged brain tissue.(3)Mitochondrial autophagy:Gypenoside XVII selectively eliminates damaged mitochondria via the phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced kinase 1/Parkin pathway and blocks reactive oxygen species and the NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome cascade,thereby alleviating blood-brain barrier damage.(4)Anti-apoptotic mechanisms:Ginkgolide K inhibits Bax mitochondrial translocation and downregulates caspase-3/9 activity,reducing neuronal programmed death induced by ischemia-reperfusion.(5)Oxidative stress regulation:Scutellarin exerts antioxidant properties and improves neurological function by modulating the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5-Kruppel-like factor 2-endothelial nitric oxide synthase signaling pathway.(6)Intercellular mitochondrial transport:Neuroprotective effects of Chrysophanol are associated with accelerated mitochondrial transfer from astrocytes to neurons.Existing studies have confirmed that natural products exhibit neuroprotective effects through multidimensional interventions targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke models.However,their clinical translation still faces challenges,such as the difficulty in standardization due to component complexity,insufficient cross-regional clinical data,and the lack of long-term safety evaluations.Future research should aim to integrate new technologies,such as single-cell sequencing and organoid models,to deeply explore the mitochondria-targeting mechanisms of natural products and validate their efficacy through multicenter clinical trials,providing theoretical support and translational pathways for the development of novel anti-stroke drugs.
基金supported by the Opening Foundation of Hubei Key Laboratory for New Textile Materials and Applications Research(Grant No.FZXCL202410)the Key Project of Science and Technology Research Program of Hubei Provincial Department of Education,China(Grant No.D20231704)+1 种基金Wuhan Textile University(Grant No.523058)the Foundation of Wuhan Textile University(Grant No.K24058)。
文摘Materials exhibiting broadband nonlinear optical responses are critically important for ultrafast photonics applications,particularly as saturable absorbers(SAs)that facilitate broadband optical pulse generation.In this study,tea polyphenolpolyvinyl alcohol(TP-PVA)composite films are synthesized via a polymer embedding method and employed as SAs to initiate ultrafast pulse operation in fiber lasers.The TP-PVA SA film exhibits excellent broadband saturable absorption performance at wavelengths of 1.0μm,1.5μm,and 2.0μm,with modulation depths of 54.21%,41.41%,and 51.16%,respectively.Stable passively mode-locked pulses with pulse widths of 588 fs,419 fs,and 743 fs are generated in Yb-,Er-,and Tm-doped fiber lasers,respectively.This work confirms the effective performance of TP-PVA as a broadband SA,and establishes a foundation for the integration of novel and sustainable materials within ultrafast photonic systems.The approach paves the way for developing compact broadband ultrafast laser systems operating in the near-infrared spectral region.
基金funded by the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82130122).
文摘The subnucleus reticularis dorsalis(SRD),also known as the dorsal reticular nucleus(DRt)or dorsal medullary reticular nucleus(MdD),which resides at the caudal end of the medulla,plays a pivotal role in regulating pain perception.Despite extensive research efforts to unravel its mechanisms,the operational intricacies of SRD remain poorly understood.Advances in experimental methodologies such as brain imaging and chemogenetics have facilitated deeper investigations into the involvement of SRD in various pain disorders.This comprehensive review aims to analyze 36 years(1989–2024)of preclinical research highlighting the critical role of SRD in diffuse noxious inhibitory control(DNIC),also known as conditioned pain modulation(CPM)in humans,and its interconnected neural circuits.Moreover,this review explores the neural circuits related to SRD,including locus coeruleus(LC)-SRD,parabrachial nucleus(PBN)-SRD,rostroventromedial medulla(RVM)-ventrolateral medulla(VLM)-SRD,anterior cingulate cortex(ACC)-SRD,medial medullary reticular formation(mMRF)-SRD,and dorsal striatum(DS)-SRD.Their activation also plays a significant role in analgesia.The pivotal roles of neurotransmitters such asμ-opioid receptor(MOR),noradrenaline,and metabotropic glutamate receptor 7(mGluR7)in modulating SRD responsiveness to pain stimuli are also discussed,as are the influences of SRD on different pain types.This review identified promising avenues for innovative analgesic treatments by shedding light on potential therapeutic strategies targeting SRD.
文摘Following publication of the original article[1],the authors found that they pasted the same data when drawing XRD for sample NCO-1 and NCO-2 in Fig.2a,however,the XRD of all four samples in the manuscript was tested,and XRD raw data were kept and can be offered.The correct Fig.2 has been provided in this Correction.
基金supported by the External Cooperation Program of Science and Technology of Fujian Province,China(2024I0016)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(ZQN-1005).
文摘Multilevel coding(MLC)is a commonly used polar coded modulation scheme,but challenging to implement in engineering due to its high complexity and long decoding delay for high-order modulations.To address these limitations,a novel two-level serially concatenated MLC scheme,in which the bitlevels with similar reliability are bundled and transmitted together,is proposed.The proposed scheme hierarchically protects the two bit-level sets:the bitlevel sets at the higher level are sufficiently reliable and do not require excessive resources for protection,whereas only the bit-level sets at the lower level are encoded by polar codes.The proposed scheme has the advantages of low power consumption,low delay and high reliability.Moreover,an optimized constellation signal labeling rule that can enhance the performance is proposed.Finally,the superiority of the proposed scheme is validated through the theoretical analysis and simulation results.Compared with the bit interleaving coding modulation(BICM)scheme,under 256-quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM),the proposed scheme attains a performance gain of 1.0 dB while reducing the decoding complexity by 54.55%.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.J2019-Ⅳ-0003-0070).
文摘A novel parameter identification method for magnetic levitation bearing rotor systems is proposed,based on the modulation function method.The fundamental principle of the modulation function method for parameter identification is derived on the basis of the characteristics of the modulation function.The transformation of the differential equation model of a continuous system into a general algebraic equation model is effectively achieved,thereby avoiding the influence of errors introduced by the initial value and differential derivation of the system.Modulation function method parameter identification models have been established for single-degree-of-freedom and multi-degree-of-freedom magnetic levitation bearing rotor systems.The influence of different parameters of Hartley modulation function on the accuracy of system parameter identification has been investigated,thus providing a basis for the design of Hartley modulation function parameters.Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the modulation function method can effectively identify system parameters despite the presence of system noise.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.U2430207,12035002,and 12305258by the CAEP Foundation under Grant No.YZJJZQ2023020.
文摘Large-angle stimulated Raman scattering(LA-SRS)in a longitudinally inhomogeneous plasma with a transverse density modulation is studied using a three-wave coupled model and numerical simulations.The simulations show that the scattering angle of SRS in a longitudinally inhomogeneous plasma can be significantly affected by transverse density modulation.Under transverse density modulation conditions,the laser focuses into underdense regions,owing to the transversely modulated refractive index.The angle of LA-SRS,neither a purely 90° angle side scattering nor purely backscattering,is almost consistent with the specific angle at which the density inhomogeneity vanishes.In modulated plasmas,the nonuniform distribution of laser intensity shifts the regions of scattering and gain compared with those in uniform plasmas,ultimately affecting the laser transmission.SRS is suppressed in weakly modulated regimes,whereas it is enhanced under strong modulation conditions,and a theoretical criterion distinguishing between strong and weak modulation is established.
基金supports from National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB2800703)Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program(25QNJJ2419)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A2008,12404484)Laoshan Laboratory Science and Technology Innovation Project(LSKJ202200801).
文摘Diatomic metasurfaces designed for interferometric mechanisms possess significant potential for the multidimensional manipulation of electromagnetic waves,including control over amplitude,phase,frequency,and polarization.Geometric phase profiles with spin-selective properties are commonly associated with wavefront modulation,allowing the implementation of conjugate strategies within orthogonal circularly polarized channels.Simultaneous control of these characteristics in a single-layered diatomic metasurface will be an apparent technological extension.Here,spin-selective modulation of terahertz(THz)beams is realized by assembling a pair of meta-atoms with birefringent effects.The distinct modulation functions arise from geometric phase profiles characterized by multiple rotational properties,which introduce independent parametric factors that elucidate their physical significance.By arranging the key parameters,the proposed design strategy can be employed to realize independent amplitude and phase manipulation.A series of THz metasurface samples with specific modulation functions are characterized,experimentally demonstrating the accuracy of on-demand manipulation.This research paves the way for all-silicon meta-optics that may have great potential in imaging,sensing and detection.
基金supported by the program for National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52174173, 52274188, and 52104190)the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U24A2091)+1 种基金The Natural Science Foundation of Henan Polytechnic University (No. B2021-2)Double FirstClass Initiative of Safety and Energy Engineering (Henan Polytechnic University) (Nos. AQ20240703 and AQ20230304)。
文摘Under submerged conditions, compared with traditional self-excited oscillating pulsed waterjets(SOPWs), annular fluid-enhanced self-excited oscillating pulsed waterjets(AFESOPWs) exhibit a higher surge pressure through self-priming. However, their pressure frequency and cavitation characteristics remain unclear, resulting in an inability to fully utilize resonance and cavitation erosion to break coal and rock. In this study, high-frequency pressure testing, high-speed photography, and large eddy simulation(LES) are used to investigate the distribution of the pressure frequency band, evolution law of the cavitation cloud, and its regulation mechanism of a continuous waterjet, SOPW, and AFESOPW. The results indicated that the excitation of the plunger pump, shearing layer vortex, and bubble collapse corresponded to the three high-amplitude frequency bands of the waterjet pressure. AFESOPWs have an additional self-priming frequency that can produce a larger amplitude under a synergistic effect with the second high-amplitude frequency band. A better cavitation effect was produced after self-priming the annulus fluid, and the shedding frequency of the cavitation clouds of the three types of waterjets was linearly related to the cavitation number. The peak pressure of the waterjet and cavitation erosion effect can be improved by modulating the waterjet pressure oscillation frequency and cavitation shedding frequency.
基金the funding and generous support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52103263,52271249)the Key Project of International Science&Technology Cooperation of Shaanxi Province(2023-GHZD-09)+5 种基金the Key Project of Science Foundation of Education Department of Shaanxi Province(22JY011)the Key Project of Scientific Research and Development of Shaanxi Province(2023GXLH-070)the Qinchuangyuan"Scientist+Engineer"Team of Shaanxi Province(2023KXJ-069)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi(2023-YBGY-488)the Sci-tech Innovation Team of Shaanxi Province(2024RS-CXTD-46)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(2020ZDLGY13-11).
文摘All-season thermal management with zero energy consumption and emissions is more crucial to global decarbonization over traditional energy-intensive cooling/heating systems.However,the static single thermal management for cooling or heating fails to self-regulate the temperature in dynamic seasonal temperature condition.Herein,inspired by the dual-temperature regulation function of the fur color changes on the backs and abdomens of penguins,a smart thermal management composite hydrogel(PNA@H-PM Gel)system was subtly created though an"on-demand"dual-layer structure design strategy.The PNA@H-PM Gel system features synchronous solar and thermal radiation modulation as well as tunable phase transition temperatures to meet the variable seasonal thermal requirements and energy-saving demands via self-adaptive radiative cooling and solar heating regulation.Furthermore,this system demonstrates superb modulations of both the solar reflectance(ΔR=0.74)and thermal emissivity(ΔE=0.52)in response to ambient temperature changes,highlighting efficient temperature regulation with average radiative cooling and solar heating effects of 9.6℃in summer and 6.1℃in winter,respectively.Moreover,compared to standard building baselines,the PNA@H-PM Gel presents a more substantial energy-saving cooling/heating potentials for energy-efficient buildings across various regions and climates.This novel solution,inspired by penguins in the real world,will offer a fresh approach for producing intelligent,energy-saving thermal management materials,and serve for temperature regulation under dynamic climate conditions and even throughout all seasons.
