BACKGROUND An increasing number of studies report the beneficial effects of regional hyperthermia in association with chemotherapy(CHT)and radiotherapy for the treatment of pancreatic cancer;in particular,the use of m...BACKGROUND An increasing number of studies report the beneficial effects of regional hyperthermia in association with chemotherapy(CHT)and radiotherapy for the treatment of pancreatic cancer;in particular,the use of modulated electrohyperthermia(mEHT)results in increased survival and tumor response.AIM To compare outcomes of CHT alone or in association with mEHT for the treatment of stage III and IV pancreatic cancer.METHODS This was an observational retrospective study;data were collected for patients with stage III-IV pancreatic cancer that were treated with CHT alone or in combination with mEHT from 2003 to 2019.A total of 158 patients were included in the study out 270 patients screened in four Italian hospitals;58(37%)of these received CHT+mEHT and 100(63%)CHT.CHT was mainly gemcitabine-based regimens in both groups.RESULTS Overall(19.5 mo vs 11.02 mo,P<0.001)and progression-free(12 mo vs 3 mo,P<0.001)survival were better for the CHT+mEHT group compared to the CHT group.The association of mEHT resulted also in an improvement of tumor response with disease control rate 95%vs 58%(P<0.001)at 3 mo.Toxicity was comparable in the two study groups,and mEHT related adverse events were limited in 8 patients presenting G1-2 skin burns.CONCLUSION The addition of mEHT to systemic CHT improved overall and progression-free survival and local tumor control with comparable toxicity.展开更多
Modulated electro-hyperthermia (mEHT) targets tissue’s natural electric and thermal heterogeneities to heat the cancer cells selectively. The applied 13.56 MHz radiofrequency (RF) is a carrier of the low-frequency mo...Modulated electro-hyperthermia (mEHT) targets tissue’s natural electric and thermal heterogeneities to heat the cancer cells selectively. The applied 13.56 MHz radiofrequency (RF) is a carrier of the low-frequency modulation. The high-frequency part was chosen to select the malignant lesion using the specialties of the tumor: the higher conductivity and dielectric constant of the tumor than its host. The electric field selects the tumor, and the low-frequency amplitude modulation polarizes and excites the transmembrane proteins of the malignant cells. The dominant absorption of the energy by the microscopic clusters of the membrane rafts acts like nanoparticle heating. Exciting the membrane produces various apoptotic signals. The processes were modeled using silico and phantom experiments, which proved the concept. The preclinical verification was made in vitro and in vivo, and in the end, clinical proofs validated the method. Our objective is to follow all the development steps from the laboratory to the clinics in a trilogy of articles. This present is the first part, which deals with in silico, phantom, and in vitro research.展开更多
Background: Hyperthermia (HT) in oncology was originally applied as a stand-alone treatment (monotherapy), but achieving temperatures required to cause cellular destruction (>43ºC) proved to be challenging...Background: Hyperthermia (HT) in oncology was originally applied as a stand-alone treatment (monotherapy), but achieving temperatures required to cause cellular destruction (>43ºC) proved to be challenging. Lower temperatures may increase the risk of dissemination of the treated tumours. Hyperthermia in the current context of oncology therefore aims to achieve moderate temperatures of 39ºC - 41.5ºC and is applied in combination with chemotherapy (ChT) and/or radiotherapy (RT). Modulated electro-hyperthermia (mEHT) applies amplitude modulation to an electric field generated by a capacitive coupled set-up, to selectively heat tumours. As mEHT does not appear to increase the risk of disease dissemination, it has been investigated as a stand-alone treatment for patients with advanced disease and who have exhausted all other treatment options. This report is a descriptive review of papers in oncology which report on the use of mEHT as a stand-alone treatment in a palliative setting. We aim to establish whether there is motivation for the development of trials to further investigate mEHT as a monotherapy in a palliative setting. Methods: A literature search was conducted using the key words “Oncothermia”, “modulated electro-hyperthermia” and “monotherapy”, and case reports were excluded. Only studies which applied mEHT without ChT or RT;for palliative intent;when conventional therapies have failed;or when no further options are available, were included. Results: Six phase I/II studies on tumours of the liver, brain, pancreas, and stomach were included. The studies demonstrated the safety of mEHT;disease stabilisation;and improved quality of life. Conclusion: mEHT may have a role in the palliative management of certain tumours in the absence of any other treatment options. The development of robustly designed studies on mEHT for palliative management of oncology patients is motivated.展开更多
Aim: Heating by nanoparticles, which are located in the tissue to be treated, is a well-recognized method in hyperthermic oncology. Our objective is to investigate selective, nanoscopic heating without concentrating e...Aim: Heating by nanoparticles, which are located in the tissue to be treated, is a well-recognized method in hyperthermic oncology. Our objective is to investigate selective, nanoscopic heating without concentrating extra artificial nanoparticles. We have in silico calculation to study the heating of the transmembrane protein clusters (rafts) on cell-membrane. The transmembrane protein domains have significantly higher dielectric constant than their lipid neighborhood in the membrane. This difference causes a local gradient in the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), which could be a factor of heating of the membranes locally, as well as exciting the receptors for various signal transduction in the cells. We suppose that this process determines the observed cellular effects of modulated electro-hyperthermia (mEHT, trade-name: oncothermia). Materials and Methods: In silico models with highly specialized software (Computer Simulation Technology (CST), Darmstadt, Germany) were performed visualizing the selectivity for the membrane domains. Local raft models were created to simulate the electromagnetic (EM) effect of a 13.56 MHz excitation between two perfect electrical conductor plates, simulating the equipotential conditions of the sides of the membrane in the vicinity of the raft. The simulations were performed with near-field (EQS) solver of CST. The electric field, current density, and electric loss density were monitored by the simulations. The applied material properties and parameters refer to the recent literature. Results: In silico models show ten times higher energy-absorption of the transmembrane domains than that of its lipid-membrane surrounding, and intra- and extracellular neighborhood. Depending on the size, orientation, and location of the membrane rafts, the value of SAR varies, but we use only two simplified models to see the absorption properties. Taking into account the characteristics of the EM field effects we showed that the selective energy-absorption increased further by the cell-cell interactions. The model-calculation could confirm the opportunity of the local membrane heating. Conclusion: Our results indicate the heating in nanoscopic range with energy-absorption by the transmembrane proteins. The heated protein-clusters (membrane rafts) are used the same way as the artificial nanoparticles, while these absorbers are natural parts of the biological system.展开更多
One of the most frequently applied bioelectromagnetic effects is the deep heating of the living species with EMF energy. Despite its long history, hyperthermia is a rarely applied oncotherapy. The reason is its contro...One of the most frequently applied bioelectromagnetic effects is the deep heating of the living species with EMF energy. Despite its long history, hyperthermia is a rarely applied oncotherapy. The reason is its controversial results and complicated control. One of the solutions is concentrating the electromagnetic energy nanoscopically on the parts of the malignant cells instead of heating up the complete tumor-mass. This approach is a kind of non-uniform energy absorption, providing energy liberation only in the selected regions. The energy-absorption of the malignant cells targets the membranes and creates a situation far from thermal equilibrium. The selection of the malignant cells is based on their decided differences from their healthy counterparts. The distinguishing parameters are the electromagnetic properties of the components of the malignant tissue which are the physiologic differences between the malignant cells and their healthy counterparts. The targets realize nano-range heating, using natural nanoclusters on the cell-membrane without artificially implementing them. This energy absorption generates consequent reactions, like programmed cell-death (apoptosis) continued by immunogenic cell-death involving extended immune reactions.? The applied radiofrequency current is amplitude modulated by time-fractal modulation pattern. The accurately matched impedance realizes the self-selective mechanisms which are promoted by stochastic resonances. This complex method is a new kind of hyperthermia, named mEHT. Our objective is to analyze the problems of the selective, non-equilibrium energy absorption, and present a solution by the electromagnetic mechanisms for an effective and controllable hyperthermia in oncology.展开更多
The suppression of ablative Rayleigh–Taylor instability(ARTI)by a spatially modulated laser in inertial confinement fusion(ICF)is studied through numerical simulations.The results show that in the acceleration phase ...The suppression of ablative Rayleigh–Taylor instability(ARTI)by a spatially modulated laser in inertial confinement fusion(ICF)is studied through numerical simulations.The results show that in the acceleration phase of ICF implosion,the growth of ARTI can be suppressed by using a short-wavelength spatially modulated laser.The ARTI growth rate decreases as the wavelength of the spatially modulated laser decreases,and ARTI is completely suppressed after a certain wavelength has been reached.A spatially uniform laser is introduced to keep the state of motion of the implosion fluid consistent,and it is found that the proportion of the spatially modulated laser required for complete suppression of ARTI decreases as the wavelength continues to decrease.We also optimize the spatial intensity distribution of the spatially modulated laser.In addition,as the duration of the spatially modulated laser decreases,the proportion required for completely suppressing ARTI increases,but the required energy decreases.When the perturbation wavenumber decreases,the wavelength of the spatially modulated laser required for complete suppression of ARTI becomes longer.In the case of multimode perturbation,ARTI can also be significantly suppressed by a spatially modulated laser,and the perturbation amplitude can be reduced to less than 10% of that without a spatially modulated laser.We believe that the conclusions drawn from our simulations can provide the basis for new approaches to control ARTI in ICF.展开更多
Peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-based advanced oxidation technology has been proven to be a viable option for the decontamination of organic pollutants from water bodies.Advanced catalyst design is essential to this technology...Peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-based advanced oxidation technology has been proven to be a viable option for the decontamination of organic pollutants from water bodies.Advanced catalyst design is essential to this technology.Herein,a vanadium-doped LaFeO_(3) perovskite(LFO-V)featuring asymmetric Fe-O-V sites was rationally designed.Thanks to orbital electron interaction between Fe and V atoms,the modified electronic structure elevated electron density near the Fermi energy level while reducing the energy barrier toward effective PMS activation.This facilitated concurrent PMS reduction at the Fe sites to generate SO_(4)^(·-)and·OH(57.7%),and PMS oxidation at V sites to produce ^(1)O_(2)(42.3%).The LFO-V/PMS system demonstrated excellent tetracycline(TC)degradation performance with a 2-fold enhancement in rate constant compared to that of pristine LFO.Further,the LFO-V maintained long-term stability,and the toxicity of degradation intermediates was evaluated through microbial metabolomics.This work establishes an effective route to regulate the PMS activation pathways through precise electronic structure modulation,advancing the rational design of advanced Fenton-like catalysts.展开更多
The functional properties of glasses are governed by their formation history and the complex relaxation processes they undergo.However,under extreme conditions,glass behaviors are still elusive.In this study,we employ...The functional properties of glasses are governed by their formation history and the complex relaxation processes they undergo.However,under extreme conditions,glass behaviors are still elusive.In this study,we employ simulations with varied protocols to evaluate the effectiveness of different descriptors in predicting mechanical properties across both low-and high-pressure regimes.Our findings demonstrate that conventional structural and configurational descriptors fail to correlate with the mechanical response following pressure release,whereas the activation energy descriptor exhibits robust linearity with shear modulus after correcting for pressure effects.Notably,the soft mode parameter emerges as an ideal and computationally efficient alternative for capturing this mechanical behavior.These findings provide critical insights into the influence of pressure on glassy properties,integrating the distinct features of compressed glasses into a unified theoretical framework.展开更多
Currently,the global 5G network,cloud computing,and data center industries are experiencing rapid development.The continuous growth of data center traffic has driven the vigorous progress in high-speed optical transce...Currently,the global 5G network,cloud computing,and data center industries are experiencing rapid development.The continuous growth of data center traffic has driven the vigorous progress in high-speed optical transceivers for optical interconnection within data centers.The electro-absorption modulated laser(EML),which is widely used in optical fiber communications,data centers,and high-speed data transmission systems,represents a high-performance photoelectric conversion device.Compared to traditional directly modulated lasers(DMLs),EMLs demonstrate lower frequency chirp and higher modulation bandwidth,enabling support for higher data rates and longer transmission distances.This article introduces the composition,working principles,manufacturing processes,and applications of EMLs.It reviews the progress on advanced indium phosphide(InP)-based EML devices from research institutions worldwide,while summarizing and comparing data transmission rates and key technical approaches across various studies.展开更多
Two-dimensional(2D)superconductors have attracted significant research interest due to their promising potential applications in optoelectronic and microelectronic devices.Herein,we employ first-principles calculation...Two-dimensional(2D)superconductors have attracted significant research interest due to their promising potential applications in optoelectronic and microelectronic devices.Herein,we employ first-principles calculations to predicted a new 2D conventional superconductor,Tc_(2)B_(2),demonstrating its stable structural configuration.Remarkably,under biaxial strain,the superconducting transition temperature(T_(c))of Tc_(2)B_(2)demonstrates a significant enhancement,achieving 19.5 K under 3%compressive strain and 9.2 K under 11%tensile strain.Our study reveals that strain-induced modifications in Fermi surface topology significantly enhance the Fermi surface nesting effect,which amplifies electron–phonon coupling interactions and consequently elevates Tc.Additionally,the presence of the Lifshitz transition results in a more pronounced rise in Tc under compressive strain compared to tensile strain.These insights offer important theoretical guidance for designing 2D superconductors with high-Tc through strain modulation.展开更多
A new scheme of super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging(SOFI)is proposed to broaden its application in the high-order cumulant reconstruction by optimizing blinking characteristics,eliminating noise in raw data a...A new scheme of super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging(SOFI)is proposed to broaden its application in the high-order cumulant reconstruction by optimizing blinking characteristics,eliminating noise in raw data and applying multi-resolution analysis in cumulant reconstruction.A motor-driven rotating mask optical modulation system is designed to adjust the excitation lightfield and allows for fast deployment.Active-modulated fluorescence fluctuation superresolution microscopy with multi-resolution analysis(AMF-MRA-SOFI)demonstrates enhanced resolution ability and reconstruction quality in experiments performed on sample of conventional dyes,achieving a resolution of 100 nm in the fourth order compared to conventional SOFI reconstruction.Furthermore,our approach combining expansion super-resolution achieved a resolution at-57 nm.展开更多
This paper establishes an amplitude modulation heating model, simulating the far-field radiation of ELF/VLF signals generated by modulation heating, as well as the specific location and longitudinal extent of the radi...This paper establishes an amplitude modulation heating model, simulating the far-field radiation of ELF/VLF signals generated by modulation heating, as well as the specific location and longitudinal extent of the radiation source. We consider various modulation waveforms and find that square-wave modulation has the highest excitation efficiency for ELF/VLF signals, and that square-wave modulation with a smaller duty cycle(<50%) exhibits higher excitation efficiency for ELF/VLF signals, while the sin^(2)t waveform modulation yields the lowest proportion of harmonic energy in the generated signals. The amplitude of the second harmonic generated by the sin^(2)t waveform is less than one-tenth that of the fundamental frequency, and the energy of higher-frequency harmonics can be negligibly small compared with those of the fundamental wave. It is a challenging task to achieve a balance between enhancing the excitation efficiency of ELF/VLF signals and also suppressing harmonics generated by the modulated heating process. This is because the harmonics are correspondingly enhanced as the excitation efficiency of the signals is increased. However, we find that under conditions of varying effective radiant power and modulation frequency, as long as the modulation waveform is unchanged, the energy ratio between the fundamental frequency signal generated by modulated heating and each harmonic is relatively fixed, with changes only in signal intensity and the location of the radiation source zone. This implies that one can first select modulation waveforms that make the signal less prone to distortion, then increase the effective radiated power to enhance the signal strength, without concern for harmonic interference of the fundamental signal.展开更多
This study investigates the dromion structure within the context of(2+1)-dimensional modulated positron-acoustic waves in a magnetoplasma consisting of inertial cold positrons and inertialess nonthermal hot electrons ...This study investigates the dromion structure within the context of(2+1)-dimensional modulated positron-acoustic waves in a magnetoplasma consisting of inertial cold positrons and inertialess nonthermal hot electrons and positrons as well as stationary positive ions.The reductive perturbation approach reduces the fluid governing equations to the plasma model to a Davey–Stewartson system.This study provides a detailed analysis of the influence of many related plasma parameters,including the density ratio of hot and cold positrons,the external magnetic field strength,the nonthermal parameter and the density ratio of electrons and cold positrons,on the growing rate of instability.Using the Hirota Bilinear method,it is found that the system supports some exact solutions,such as one-and two-dromion solutions.The change of plasma parameters significantly enhances the characteristics of dromion solutions.The elastic and inelastic collisions between two dromions are discussed at different times.The relevance of this study can help us to understand the various types of collision between energetic particles in confined plasma during the production of energy by thermonuclear fusion.展开更多
In this paper,we introduce the notion of G_(C)-X-injective modules,where X denotes a class of left S-modules and C represents a faithfully semidualizing bimodule.Under the condition that X satisfies certain hypotheses...In this paper,we introduce the notion of G_(C)-X-injective modules,where X denotes a class of left S-modules and C represents a faithfully semidualizing bimodule.Under the condition that X satisfies certain hypotheses,some properties and some equivalent characterizations of G_(C)-X-injective modules are investigated,and we also show that the triple(■,cores■,■)is a weak co-AB-context.As an application,two complete cotorsion pairs and a new model structure in Mod S are given.展开更多
The classical-quantum analogue offers a new platform for exploring extreme dynamic control of mechanical systems.In this work,the concept of the stimulated adiabatic passage of quantum states is extended to mechanical...The classical-quantum analogue offers a new platform for exploring extreme dynamic control of mechanical systems.In this work,the concept of the stimulated adiabatic passage of quantum states is extended to mechanical systems for achieving unidirectional energy transportation.The mechanical analog of stimulated adiabatic passage is realized in three mechanical resonators coupled with the time-varying stiffness,which are delicately modulated to mimic the selective population of quantum states.Based on the tight-binding approximation,an analytical model for the classical-quantum analogue of the adiabatic passage effect is established to realize the one-way energy transfer control.Numerical results demonstrate that the vibration energy acquired from an initially excited resonator can be transferred to the target one via an intermediate resonator,while flow in the reverse direction is prohibited due to energy localization in the intermediate resonator.The model holds application potentials in energy suppression and harvesting,and offers promising prospects for unidirectional wave and vibration control.展开更多
Femtosecond laser processing is an important machining method for micro-optical components such as Fresnel zone plate(FZP).However,the low processing efficiency of the femtosecond laser restricts its application.Here,...Femtosecond laser processing is an important machining method for micro-optical components such as Fresnel zone plate(FZP).However,the low processing efficiency of the femtosecond laser restricts its application.Here,a femtosecond laser Bessel beam is proposed to process micro-FZP,which is modulated from a Gaussian beam to a Bessel annular beam.The processing time for FZP with an outer diameter of 60μm is reduced from 30 min to 1.5 min on an important semiconductor material gallium arsenide(GaAs),which significantly improves the processing efficiency.In the modulation process,a central ablation hole that has an adverse effect on the diffraction performance is produced,and the adverse effect is eliminated by superimposing the blazed grating hologram.Meanwhile,the FZP machined by spatial light modulator(SLM)has good morphology and higher diffraction efficiency,which provides a strong guarantee for the application of micro-FZP in computed tomography and solar photovoltaic cells.展开更多
Significant two-way shape memory effect(TWSME)was achieved in single crystals of single-phase multielement Ni42-x Cu8 Cox Mn37 Ga13(8≤x≤12)alloys by performing thermomechanical training.However,anomalous dependence ...Significant two-way shape memory effect(TWSME)was achieved in single crystals of single-phase multielement Ni42-x Cu8 Cox Mn37 Ga13(8≤x≤12)alloys by performing thermomechanical training.However,anomalous dependence of the martensitic transformation temperature span on Co content was observed.Before training,quite a narrow temperature span of the martensitic transformation,nearly independent of the Co content,was observed in all single crystals.After training the temperature span was still narrow for 8≤x≤10.9 but was obviously expanded for 10.9<x≤12.High-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed that at the atomic scale,there exists incommensurate modulated structure in the single phase single crystals,as evidenced by nonperiodic satellite spots in the selected area electronic diffraction patterns.Moreover,the modulated wave vector of the satellite spots was increased by higher Co contents.Combining first principal calculations it was considered that the incommensurate modulated structure originates from the formation of Co-Co pairs.After training arrays of ordered dislocations with the same Burgers vector were introduced for 8≤x≤10.9 but the network of dislocations was formed for 10.9<x≤12.Based on analysis of transmission electron microscopy,geometric phase,thermodynamics,and Landau theory,it was considered that the austenite/martensite phase interface was pinned by the network of dislocations,expanding the temperature span of the martensitic transformation.This work supplies new insights for understanding the microstructure and martensitic transformation of Ni-Mn-Ga-based alloys.展开更多
CO_(2)electroreduction(CO_(2)RR)represents a promising negative-carbon technology,which is in urgent need for efficient and high-selectivity catalysts.Here,a support control strategy is employed for precise surface en...CO_(2)electroreduction(CO_(2)RR)represents a promising negative-carbon technology,which is in urgent need for efficient and high-selectivity catalysts.Here,a support control strategy is employed for precise surface engineering of charge-asymmetry nanocluster catalyst(CuZnSCN),in which zinc and copper atoms together form a metal cluster loaded on sulfur and nitrogen co-etched carbon matrix.The synergistic promotion mechanism of CO_(2)RR by Cu–Zn atom interactions and sulfur–nitrogen atom doping was investigated.A CO partial current density of 74.1 mA cm^(-2)was achieved in an alkaline electrolyte,as well as a considerable CO Faraday efficiency of 97.7%.In situ XAS(X-ray absorption spectroscopy)showed that the stabilization of Cu^(+)and Zn^(2+)species in the nanoclusters and doped sulfur atoms during the CO_(2)RR process contributes to the sustained adsorption of protons and the generation and conversion of the CO.This work verifies the possibility of metal-support and intermetallic interactions to synergistically enhance electrochemical catalytic performance and provides ideas for further bimetallic cluster catalyst development.展开更多
[Background]High harmonic cavities are widely used in electron storage rings to lengthen thebunch,lower the bunch peak current,thereby reducing the IBS effect,enhancing the Touschek lifetime,as well asproviding Landau...[Background]High harmonic cavities are widely used in electron storage rings to lengthen thebunch,lower the bunch peak current,thereby reducing the IBS effect,enhancing the Touschek lifetime,as well asproviding Landau damping,which is particularly important for storage rings operating with ultra-low emittance or atlow beam energy.[Purpose]To further increase the bunch length without additional hardware costs,the phasemodulation in a dual-RF system is considered.[Methods]In this paper,turn-by-turn simulations incorporating randomsynchrotron radiation excitation are conducted,and a brief analysis is presented to explain the bunch lengtheningmechanism.[Results]Simulation results reveal that the peak current can be further reduced,thereby mitigating IBSeffects and enhancing the Touschek lifetime.Although the energy spread increases,which tends to reduce thebrightness of higher-harmonic radiation from the undulator,the brightness of the fundamental harmonic can,in fact,beimproved.展开更多
Correction to:Nano-Micro Letters(2025)17:117 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01660-0 Following publication of the original article[1],the authors reported that the supplementary file needed to be updated because th...Correction to:Nano-Micro Letters(2025)17:117 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01660-0 Following publication of the original article[1],the authors reported that the supplementary file needed to be updated because they mistakenly used the incorrect version.The original article[1]has been corrected.展开更多
基金the Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II,Bari,Italy Institutional Review Board(Approval No.948/CE).
文摘BACKGROUND An increasing number of studies report the beneficial effects of regional hyperthermia in association with chemotherapy(CHT)and radiotherapy for the treatment of pancreatic cancer;in particular,the use of modulated electrohyperthermia(mEHT)results in increased survival and tumor response.AIM To compare outcomes of CHT alone or in association with mEHT for the treatment of stage III and IV pancreatic cancer.METHODS This was an observational retrospective study;data were collected for patients with stage III-IV pancreatic cancer that were treated with CHT alone or in combination with mEHT from 2003 to 2019.A total of 158 patients were included in the study out 270 patients screened in four Italian hospitals;58(37%)of these received CHT+mEHT and 100(63%)CHT.CHT was mainly gemcitabine-based regimens in both groups.RESULTS Overall(19.5 mo vs 11.02 mo,P<0.001)and progression-free(12 mo vs 3 mo,P<0.001)survival were better for the CHT+mEHT group compared to the CHT group.The association of mEHT resulted also in an improvement of tumor response with disease control rate 95%vs 58%(P<0.001)at 3 mo.Toxicity was comparable in the two study groups,and mEHT related adverse events were limited in 8 patients presenting G1-2 skin burns.CONCLUSION The addition of mEHT to systemic CHT improved overall and progression-free survival and local tumor control with comparable toxicity.
文摘Modulated electro-hyperthermia (mEHT) targets tissue’s natural electric and thermal heterogeneities to heat the cancer cells selectively. The applied 13.56 MHz radiofrequency (RF) is a carrier of the low-frequency modulation. The high-frequency part was chosen to select the malignant lesion using the specialties of the tumor: the higher conductivity and dielectric constant of the tumor than its host. The electric field selects the tumor, and the low-frequency amplitude modulation polarizes and excites the transmembrane proteins of the malignant cells. The dominant absorption of the energy by the microscopic clusters of the membrane rafts acts like nanoparticle heating. Exciting the membrane produces various apoptotic signals. The processes were modeled using silico and phantom experiments, which proved the concept. The preclinical verification was made in vitro and in vivo, and in the end, clinical proofs validated the method. Our objective is to follow all the development steps from the laboratory to the clinics in a trilogy of articles. This present is the first part, which deals with in silico, phantom, and in vitro research.
文摘Background: Hyperthermia (HT) in oncology was originally applied as a stand-alone treatment (monotherapy), but achieving temperatures required to cause cellular destruction (>43ºC) proved to be challenging. Lower temperatures may increase the risk of dissemination of the treated tumours. Hyperthermia in the current context of oncology therefore aims to achieve moderate temperatures of 39ºC - 41.5ºC and is applied in combination with chemotherapy (ChT) and/or radiotherapy (RT). Modulated electro-hyperthermia (mEHT) applies amplitude modulation to an electric field generated by a capacitive coupled set-up, to selectively heat tumours. As mEHT does not appear to increase the risk of disease dissemination, it has been investigated as a stand-alone treatment for patients with advanced disease and who have exhausted all other treatment options. This report is a descriptive review of papers in oncology which report on the use of mEHT as a stand-alone treatment in a palliative setting. We aim to establish whether there is motivation for the development of trials to further investigate mEHT as a monotherapy in a palliative setting. Methods: A literature search was conducted using the key words “Oncothermia”, “modulated electro-hyperthermia” and “monotherapy”, and case reports were excluded. Only studies which applied mEHT without ChT or RT;for palliative intent;when conventional therapies have failed;or when no further options are available, were included. Results: Six phase I/II studies on tumours of the liver, brain, pancreas, and stomach were included. The studies demonstrated the safety of mEHT;disease stabilisation;and improved quality of life. Conclusion: mEHT may have a role in the palliative management of certain tumours in the absence of any other treatment options. The development of robustly designed studies on mEHT for palliative management of oncology patients is motivated.
文摘Aim: Heating by nanoparticles, which are located in the tissue to be treated, is a well-recognized method in hyperthermic oncology. Our objective is to investigate selective, nanoscopic heating without concentrating extra artificial nanoparticles. We have in silico calculation to study the heating of the transmembrane protein clusters (rafts) on cell-membrane. The transmembrane protein domains have significantly higher dielectric constant than their lipid neighborhood in the membrane. This difference causes a local gradient in the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), which could be a factor of heating of the membranes locally, as well as exciting the receptors for various signal transduction in the cells. We suppose that this process determines the observed cellular effects of modulated electro-hyperthermia (mEHT, trade-name: oncothermia). Materials and Methods: In silico models with highly specialized software (Computer Simulation Technology (CST), Darmstadt, Germany) were performed visualizing the selectivity for the membrane domains. Local raft models were created to simulate the electromagnetic (EM) effect of a 13.56 MHz excitation between two perfect electrical conductor plates, simulating the equipotential conditions of the sides of the membrane in the vicinity of the raft. The simulations were performed with near-field (EQS) solver of CST. The electric field, current density, and electric loss density were monitored by the simulations. The applied material properties and parameters refer to the recent literature. Results: In silico models show ten times higher energy-absorption of the transmembrane domains than that of its lipid-membrane surrounding, and intra- and extracellular neighborhood. Depending on the size, orientation, and location of the membrane rafts, the value of SAR varies, but we use only two simplified models to see the absorption properties. Taking into account the characteristics of the EM field effects we showed that the selective energy-absorption increased further by the cell-cell interactions. The model-calculation could confirm the opportunity of the local membrane heating. Conclusion: Our results indicate the heating in nanoscopic range with energy-absorption by the transmembrane proteins. The heated protein-clusters (membrane rafts) are used the same way as the artificial nanoparticles, while these absorbers are natural parts of the biological system.
文摘One of the most frequently applied bioelectromagnetic effects is the deep heating of the living species with EMF energy. Despite its long history, hyperthermia is a rarely applied oncotherapy. The reason is its controversial results and complicated control. One of the solutions is concentrating the electromagnetic energy nanoscopically on the parts of the malignant cells instead of heating up the complete tumor-mass. This approach is a kind of non-uniform energy absorption, providing energy liberation only in the selected regions. The energy-absorption of the malignant cells targets the membranes and creates a situation far from thermal equilibrium. The selection of the malignant cells is based on their decided differences from their healthy counterparts. The distinguishing parameters are the electromagnetic properties of the components of the malignant tissue which are the physiologic differences between the malignant cells and their healthy counterparts. The targets realize nano-range heating, using natural nanoclusters on the cell-membrane without artificially implementing them. This energy absorption generates consequent reactions, like programmed cell-death (apoptosis) continued by immunogenic cell-death involving extended immune reactions.? The applied radiofrequency current is amplitude modulated by time-fractal modulation pattern. The accurately matched impedance realizes the self-selective mechanisms which are promoted by stochastic resonances. This complex method is a new kind of hyperthermia, named mEHT. Our objective is to analyze the problems of the selective, non-equilibrium energy absorption, and present a solution by the electromagnetic mechanisms for an effective and controllable hyperthermia in oncology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.12074399,12204500,and 12004403)the Key Projects of Intergovernmental International Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation(No.2021YFE0116700)+1 种基金the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation(No.20ZR1464400)the Shanghai Sailing Program(No.22YF1455300).
文摘The suppression of ablative Rayleigh–Taylor instability(ARTI)by a spatially modulated laser in inertial confinement fusion(ICF)is studied through numerical simulations.The results show that in the acceleration phase of ICF implosion,the growth of ARTI can be suppressed by using a short-wavelength spatially modulated laser.The ARTI growth rate decreases as the wavelength of the spatially modulated laser decreases,and ARTI is completely suppressed after a certain wavelength has been reached.A spatially uniform laser is introduced to keep the state of motion of the implosion fluid consistent,and it is found that the proportion of the spatially modulated laser required for complete suppression of ARTI decreases as the wavelength continues to decrease.We also optimize the spatial intensity distribution of the spatially modulated laser.In addition,as the duration of the spatially modulated laser decreases,the proportion required for completely suppressing ARTI increases,but the required energy decreases.When the perturbation wavenumber decreases,the wavelength of the spatially modulated laser required for complete suppression of ARTI becomes longer.In the case of multimode perturbation,ARTI can also be significantly suppressed by a spatially modulated laser,and the perturbation amplitude can be reduced to less than 10% of that without a spatially modulated laser.We believe that the conclusions drawn from our simulations can provide the basis for new approaches to control ARTI in ICF.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.W2412093 and 52170068)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.DUT24RC(3)079).
文摘Peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-based advanced oxidation technology has been proven to be a viable option for the decontamination of organic pollutants from water bodies.Advanced catalyst design is essential to this technology.Herein,a vanadium-doped LaFeO_(3) perovskite(LFO-V)featuring asymmetric Fe-O-V sites was rationally designed.Thanks to orbital electron interaction between Fe and V atoms,the modified electronic structure elevated electron density near the Fermi energy level while reducing the energy barrier toward effective PMS activation.This facilitated concurrent PMS reduction at the Fe sites to generate SO_(4)^(·-)and·OH(57.7%),and PMS oxidation at V sites to produce ^(1)O_(2)(42.3%).The LFO-V/PMS system demonstrated excellent tetracycline(TC)degradation performance with a 2-fold enhancement in rate constant compared to that of pristine LFO.Further,the LFO-V maintained long-term stability,and the toxicity of degradation intermediates was evaluated through microbial metabolomics.This work establishes an effective route to regulate the PMS activation pathways through precise electronic structure modulation,advancing the rational design of advanced Fenton-like catalysts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.T2325004 and 52161160330)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No.12504233)+2 种基金Advanced MaterialsNational Science and Technology Major Project (Grant No.2024ZD0606900)the Talent Hub for “AI+New Materials” Basic Researchthe Key Research and Development Program of Ningbo (Grant No.2025Z088)。
文摘The functional properties of glasses are governed by their formation history and the complex relaxation processes they undergo.However,under extreme conditions,glass behaviors are still elusive.In this study,we employ simulations with varied protocols to evaluate the effectiveness of different descriptors in predicting mechanical properties across both low-and high-pressure regimes.Our findings demonstrate that conventional structural and configurational descriptors fail to correlate with the mechanical response following pressure release,whereas the activation energy descriptor exhibits robust linearity with shear modulus after correcting for pressure effects.Notably,the soft mode parameter emerges as an ideal and computationally efficient alternative for capturing this mechanical behavior.These findings provide critical insights into the influence of pressure on glassy properties,integrating the distinct features of compressed glasses into a unified theoretical framework.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS(Grant No.XDB43020202)the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61934007,62274153,62090053).
文摘Currently,the global 5G network,cloud computing,and data center industries are experiencing rapid development.The continuous growth of data center traffic has driven the vigorous progress in high-speed optical transceivers for optical interconnection within data centers.The electro-absorption modulated laser(EML),which is widely used in optical fiber communications,data centers,and high-speed data transmission systems,represents a high-performance photoelectric conversion device.Compared to traditional directly modulated lasers(DMLs),EMLs demonstrate lower frequency chirp and higher modulation bandwidth,enabling support for higher data rates and longer transmission distances.This article introduces the composition,working principles,manufacturing processes,and applications of EMLs.It reviews the progress on advanced indium phosphide(InP)-based EML devices from research institutions worldwide,while summarizing and comparing data transmission rates and key technical approaches across various studies.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12274169,12122405,and 52072188)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1402304)+1 种基金the Program for Science and Technology Innovation Team in Zhejiang Province,China(Grant No.2021R01004)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Two-dimensional(2D)superconductors have attracted significant research interest due to their promising potential applications in optoelectronic and microelectronic devices.Herein,we employ first-principles calculations to predicted a new 2D conventional superconductor,Tc_(2)B_(2),demonstrating its stable structural configuration.Remarkably,under biaxial strain,the superconducting transition temperature(T_(c))of Tc_(2)B_(2)demonstrates a significant enhancement,achieving 19.5 K under 3%compressive strain and 9.2 K under 11%tensile strain.Our study reveals that strain-induced modifications in Fermi surface topology significantly enhance the Fermi surface nesting effect,which amplifies electron–phonon coupling interactions and consequently elevates Tc.Additionally,the presence of the Lifshitz transition results in a more pronounced rise in Tc under compressive strain compared to tensile strain.These insights offer important theoretical guidance for designing 2D superconductors with high-Tc through strain modulation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62175034,62175036,32271510)the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFF0502900)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Research Program of Shanghai(Grant No.19DZ2282100)the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metasurfaces for Light Manipulation(23dz2260100)the Shanghai Engineering Technology Research Center of Hair Medicine(19DZ2250500).
文摘A new scheme of super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging(SOFI)is proposed to broaden its application in the high-order cumulant reconstruction by optimizing blinking characteristics,eliminating noise in raw data and applying multi-resolution analysis in cumulant reconstruction.A motor-driven rotating mask optical modulation system is designed to adjust the excitation lightfield and allows for fast deployment.Active-modulated fluorescence fluctuation superresolution microscopy with multi-resolution analysis(AMF-MRA-SOFI)demonstrates enhanced resolution ability and reconstruction quality in experiments performed on sample of conventional dyes,achieving a resolution of 100 nm in the fourth order compared to conventional SOFI reconstruction.Furthermore,our approach combining expansion super-resolution achieved a resolution at-57 nm.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2022YFE0204100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12205067 and 12375199)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. HIT.OCEF. 2022036)。
文摘This paper establishes an amplitude modulation heating model, simulating the far-field radiation of ELF/VLF signals generated by modulation heating, as well as the specific location and longitudinal extent of the radiation source. We consider various modulation waveforms and find that square-wave modulation has the highest excitation efficiency for ELF/VLF signals, and that square-wave modulation with a smaller duty cycle(<50%) exhibits higher excitation efficiency for ELF/VLF signals, while the sin^(2)t waveform modulation yields the lowest proportion of harmonic energy in the generated signals. The amplitude of the second harmonic generated by the sin^(2)t waveform is less than one-tenth that of the fundamental frequency, and the energy of higher-frequency harmonics can be negligibly small compared with those of the fundamental wave. It is a challenging task to achieve a balance between enhancing the excitation efficiency of ELF/VLF signals and also suppressing harmonics generated by the modulated heating process. This is because the harmonics are correspondingly enhanced as the excitation efficiency of the signals is increased. However, we find that under conditions of varying effective radiant power and modulation frequency, as long as the modulation waveform is unchanged, the energy ratio between the fundamental frequency signal generated by modulated heating and each harmonic is relatively fixed, with changes only in signal intensity and the location of the radiation source zone. This implies that one can first select modulation waveforms that make the signal less prone to distortion, then increase the effective radiated power to enhance the signal strength, without concern for harmonic interference of the fundamental signal.
基金The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research and Libraries in Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University for funding this research work through the Research Group project under Grant No.(RG-1445-0005).
文摘This study investigates the dromion structure within the context of(2+1)-dimensional modulated positron-acoustic waves in a magnetoplasma consisting of inertial cold positrons and inertialess nonthermal hot electrons and positrons as well as stationary positive ions.The reductive perturbation approach reduces the fluid governing equations to the plasma model to a Davey–Stewartson system.This study provides a detailed analysis of the influence of many related plasma parameters,including the density ratio of hot and cold positrons,the external magnetic field strength,the nonthermal parameter and the density ratio of electrons and cold positrons,on the growing rate of instability.Using the Hirota Bilinear method,it is found that the system supports some exact solutions,such as one-and two-dromion solutions.The change of plasma parameters significantly enhances the characteristics of dromion solutions.The elastic and inelastic collisions between two dromions are discussed at different times.The relevance of this study can help us to understand the various types of collision between energetic particles in confined plasma during the production of energy by thermonuclear fusion.
文摘In this paper,we introduce the notion of G_(C)-X-injective modules,where X denotes a class of left S-modules and C represents a faithfully semidualizing bimodule.Under the condition that X satisfies certain hypotheses,some properties and some equivalent characterizations of G_(C)-X-injective modules are investigated,and we also show that the triple(■,cores■,■)is a weak co-AB-context.As an application,two complete cotorsion pairs and a new model structure in Mod S are given.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFB3408700 and 2024YFB3408702)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Numbers 12225203,12402100,11991030,11991033,11622215,and 11872111)the 111 project(Grant Number B16003).
文摘The classical-quantum analogue offers a new platform for exploring extreme dynamic control of mechanical systems.In this work,the concept of the stimulated adiabatic passage of quantum states is extended to mechanical systems for achieving unidirectional energy transportation.The mechanical analog of stimulated adiabatic passage is realized in three mechanical resonators coupled with the time-varying stiffness,which are delicately modulated to mimic the selective population of quantum states.Based on the tight-binding approximation,an analytical model for the classical-quantum analogue of the adiabatic passage effect is established to realize the one-way energy transfer control.Numerical results demonstrate that the vibration energy acquired from an initially excited resonator can be transferred to the target one via an intermediate resonator,while flow in the reverse direction is prohibited due to energy localization in the intermediate resonator.The model holds application potentials in energy suppression and harvesting,and offers promising prospects for unidirectional wave and vibration control.
基金Projects(51875584,51875585,51975590)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘Femtosecond laser processing is an important machining method for micro-optical components such as Fresnel zone plate(FZP).However,the low processing efficiency of the femtosecond laser restricts its application.Here,a femtosecond laser Bessel beam is proposed to process micro-FZP,which is modulated from a Gaussian beam to a Bessel annular beam.The processing time for FZP with an outer diameter of 60μm is reduced from 30 min to 1.5 min on an important semiconductor material gallium arsenide(GaAs),which significantly improves the processing efficiency.In the modulation process,a central ablation hole that has an adverse effect on the diffraction performance is produced,and the adverse effect is eliminated by superimposing the blazed grating hologram.Meanwhile,the FZP machined by spatial light modulator(SLM)has good morphology and higher diffraction efficiency,which provides a strong guarantee for the application of micro-FZP in computed tomography and solar photovoltaic cells.
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFB3501402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52250313 and 52121001)Yang Liu and Chen Si acknowledge financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12274013).
文摘Significant two-way shape memory effect(TWSME)was achieved in single crystals of single-phase multielement Ni42-x Cu8 Cox Mn37 Ga13(8≤x≤12)alloys by performing thermomechanical training.However,anomalous dependence of the martensitic transformation temperature span on Co content was observed.Before training,quite a narrow temperature span of the martensitic transformation,nearly independent of the Co content,was observed in all single crystals.After training the temperature span was still narrow for 8≤x≤10.9 but was obviously expanded for 10.9<x≤12.High-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed that at the atomic scale,there exists incommensurate modulated structure in the single phase single crystals,as evidenced by nonperiodic satellite spots in the selected area electronic diffraction patterns.Moreover,the modulated wave vector of the satellite spots was increased by higher Co contents.Combining first principal calculations it was considered that the incommensurate modulated structure originates from the formation of Co-Co pairs.After training arrays of ordered dislocations with the same Burgers vector were introduced for 8≤x≤10.9 but the network of dislocations was formed for 10.9<x≤12.Based on analysis of transmission electron microscopy,geometric phase,thermodynamics,and Landau theory,it was considered that the austenite/martensite phase interface was pinned by the network of dislocations,expanding the temperature span of the martensitic transformation.This work supplies new insights for understanding the microstructure and martensitic transformation of Ni-Mn-Ga-based alloys.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22375019)Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars(No.3090012221909)
文摘CO_(2)electroreduction(CO_(2)RR)represents a promising negative-carbon technology,which is in urgent need for efficient and high-selectivity catalysts.Here,a support control strategy is employed for precise surface engineering of charge-asymmetry nanocluster catalyst(CuZnSCN),in which zinc and copper atoms together form a metal cluster loaded on sulfur and nitrogen co-etched carbon matrix.The synergistic promotion mechanism of CO_(2)RR by Cu–Zn atom interactions and sulfur–nitrogen atom doping was investigated.A CO partial current density of 74.1 mA cm^(-2)was achieved in an alkaline electrolyte,as well as a considerable CO Faraday efficiency of 97.7%.In situ XAS(X-ray absorption spectroscopy)showed that the stabilization of Cu^(+)and Zn^(2+)species in the nanoclusters and doped sulfur atoms during the CO_(2)RR process contributes to the sustained adsorption of protons and the generation and conversion of the CO.This work verifies the possibility of metal-support and intermetallic interactions to synergistically enhance electrochemical catalytic performance and provides ideas for further bimetallic cluster catalyst development.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(12405168)The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(2024CDJXY004)。
文摘[Background]High harmonic cavities are widely used in electron storage rings to lengthen thebunch,lower the bunch peak current,thereby reducing the IBS effect,enhancing the Touschek lifetime,as well asproviding Landau damping,which is particularly important for storage rings operating with ultra-low emittance or atlow beam energy.[Purpose]To further increase the bunch length without additional hardware costs,the phasemodulation in a dual-RF system is considered.[Methods]In this paper,turn-by-turn simulations incorporating randomsynchrotron radiation excitation are conducted,and a brief analysis is presented to explain the bunch lengtheningmechanism.[Results]Simulation results reveal that the peak current can be further reduced,thereby mitigating IBSeffects and enhancing the Touschek lifetime.Although the energy spread increases,which tends to reduce thebrightness of higher-harmonic radiation from the undulator,the brightness of the fundamental harmonic can,in fact,beimproved.
文摘Correction to:Nano-Micro Letters(2025)17:117 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01660-0 Following publication of the original article[1],the authors reported that the supplementary file needed to be updated because they mistakenly used the incorrect version.The original article[1]has been corrected.
