Enteral nutrition has been strongly recommended by major scientific societies for the nutritional management of patients with acute pancreatitis.Providing severe acute pancreatitis patients with enteral nutrition with...Enteral nutrition has been strongly recommended by major scientific societies for the nutritional management of patients with acute pancreatitis.Providing severe acute pancreatitis patients with enteral nutrition within the first 24-48 h of hospital admission can help improve outcomes compared to parenteral nutrition and no feeding.New research is focusing in on when and what to feed to best improve outcomes for acute pancreatitis patients.Early enteral nutrition have the potential to modulate the immune responses.Despite this consistent evidence of early enteral nutrition in patients with acute pancreatitis,clinical practice continues to vary due to individual clinician preference.Achieving the immune modulating effects of enteral nutrition heavily depend on proper placement of the feeding tube and managing any tube feeding associated complications.The current article reviews the immune modulating effects of enteral nutrition and pro-and prebiotics and suggests some practical tools that help improve the patient adherence and tolerance to the tube feeding.Proper selection of the type of the tube,close monitoring of the tube for its placement,patency and securing its proper placement and routine checking the gastric residual volume could all help improve the outcome.Using peptide-based and high medium chaintriglycerides feeding formulas help improving feeding tolerance.展开更多
C 语言是一种流行的系统程序设计语言,MODULA—2是近来出现的系统程序设计语言.MODULA—2语言是用单一的高级语言提供了一般程序员所需的功能及系统程序员所需要的低级操作和并发处理等功能.由于两种语言产生的历史背景与设计目标的不同...C 语言是一种流行的系统程序设计语言,MODULA—2是近来出现的系统程序设计语言.MODULA—2语言是用单一的高级语言提供了一般程序员所需的功能及系统程序员所需要的低级操作和并发处理等功能.由于两种语言产生的历史背景与设计目标的不同,它们之间有许多不同点.本文介绍了这两种语言产生的历史背景及设计目标,并对它们之间比较重要的不同点做了比较.展开更多
We proposed an optical 4-ary frequency shift keying （FSK） modulation scheme applying dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder （MZ） modulator. The 4-ary FSK based on the single-side-band modulation scheme can greatly lower the t...We proposed an optical 4-ary frequency shift keying （FSK） modulation scheme applying dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder （MZ） modulator. The 4-ary FSK based on the single-side-band modulation scheme can greatly lower the transmission speed in each sub-carriers and increase the transmission performance, comparing with the 2-FSK signal. The transmission performance of the 4-ary FSK was demonstrated after a 50 km single mode fiber. The results showed that the 4-ary FSK can realize error-free transmission. Moreover, we analyzed the influence of factors （such as disperse compensation and demodulation bandwidth） on the transmission performance in this paper. The analysis of the influenced factors can provide a theoretical basic for experiment.展开更多
提出了一种基于射频调制-解调的光纤环干涉仪传感技术,用于双参量高精度无串扰传感。在低调制频率下光纤环干涉仪(Fiber Optic Ring Interferometer,FORI)对温度变化不敏感,而对损耗变化表现出灵活的可调谐灵敏度,其线性透射率灵敏度为0...提出了一种基于射频调制-解调的光纤环干涉仪传感技术,用于双参量高精度无串扰传感。在低调制频率下光纤环干涉仪(Fiber Optic Ring Interferometer,FORI)对温度变化不敏感,而对损耗变化表现出灵活的可调谐灵敏度,其线性透射率灵敏度为0.282 rad。通过选择特定的调制频率,可实现损耗的线性传感或最大灵敏度传感。在高调制频率下,利用温度引起的频移累积效应,通过追踪零相移点频率实现温度解调,灵敏度达-17.47 kHz/℃。实验结果表明,所提方法成功实现了透射率和温度的双参量无串扰同时测量。这种基于射频调制-解调的FORI传感技术展现了在多参量传感领域的应用潜力,为高精度、多功能光纤传感系统的发展提供了新的思路。展开更多
文摘Enteral nutrition has been strongly recommended by major scientific societies for the nutritional management of patients with acute pancreatitis.Providing severe acute pancreatitis patients with enteral nutrition within the first 24-48 h of hospital admission can help improve outcomes compared to parenteral nutrition and no feeding.New research is focusing in on when and what to feed to best improve outcomes for acute pancreatitis patients.Early enteral nutrition have the potential to modulate the immune responses.Despite this consistent evidence of early enteral nutrition in patients with acute pancreatitis,clinical practice continues to vary due to individual clinician preference.Achieving the immune modulating effects of enteral nutrition heavily depend on proper placement of the feeding tube and managing any tube feeding associated complications.The current article reviews the immune modulating effects of enteral nutrition and pro-and prebiotics and suggests some practical tools that help improve the patient adherence and tolerance to the tube feeding.Proper selection of the type of the tube,close monitoring of the tube for its placement,patency and securing its proper placement and routine checking the gastric residual volume could all help improve the outcome.Using peptide-based and high medium chaintriglycerides feeding formulas help improving feeding tolerance.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 61471179 and 61301226）, and the High Technology Research and Development Program of China （No. 2015AA016904）.
文摘We proposed an optical 4-ary frequency shift keying （FSK） modulation scheme applying dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder （MZ） modulator. The 4-ary FSK based on the single-side-band modulation scheme can greatly lower the transmission speed in each sub-carriers and increase the transmission performance, comparing with the 2-FSK signal. The transmission performance of the 4-ary FSK was demonstrated after a 50 km single mode fiber. The results showed that the 4-ary FSK can realize error-free transmission. Moreover, we analyzed the influence of factors （such as disperse compensation and demodulation bandwidth） on the transmission performance in this paper. The analysis of the influenced factors can provide a theoretical basic for experiment.
