Steel slag(SS)accumulates unavoidably due to its complex and unstable composition,high production volumes,and limited value-added resource utilization.Single or multiple interface modifiers were proposed to enhance th...Steel slag(SS)accumulates unavoidably due to its complex and unstable composition,high production volumes,and limited value-added resource utilization.Single or multiple interface modifiers were proposed to enhance the properties of SS through high-speed dispersion,transforming its inherent hydrophilic and oleophobic characteristics into hydrophily and lipophilicity.The modification effects were innovatively assessed by observing the color changes of modified steel slag solutions following the dissolution-settlement equilibrium constant.This approach avoided human-induced errors and improved estimated accuracy in conformance with conventional methods such as oil absorption value,activation index,sedimentation volume,and lipophilicity.The hydrolysis of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane(KH)generated–Si(OH)_(3)structure to form hydrogen or covalent bonds with active substances(OH groups)from SS.Concurrently,SS underwent encapsulation via Si–O–Si structure resulting from the dehydration of–Si(OH)_(3).The stearic acid coupling agent(SA),aluminate coupling agent(AC),and titanate coupling agent(TN)underwent chemical reactions with Ca(OH)_(2),Al(OH)_(3),and CaCO_(3)in SS.The acidic SA primarily created stable chemical bonds and acted as a supplement due to its package,reducing surface activity and hydrophilicity while enhancing lipophilicity.Specifically,the optimal modification effect was obtained at 3 wt.%SA.Consequently,3 wt.%SA was established as the benchmark for multiple modifiers and the most effective combination was 3 wt.%SA and 3 wt.%AC.Compared with a single interface modifier,SA corroded the SS surface to provide numerous active sites for further modification by KH,AC,or TN,resulting in a more densely packed structure.In addition,more organic groups on SS prevent the proximity of other particles from agglomerating to achieve dispersion and a synergistic modification,laying a theoretical foundation of SS in a new pathway for organic composite materials.展开更多
Nafion as a universal polymer ionomer was widely applied for nanocatalysts electrode preparation.However,the effect of Nafion on electrocatalytic performance was often overlooked,especially for CO_(2)electrolysis.Here...Nafion as a universal polymer ionomer was widely applied for nanocatalysts electrode preparation.However,the effect of Nafion on electrocatalytic performance was often overlooked,especially for CO_(2)electrolysis.Herein,the key roles of Nafion for CO_(2)RR were systematically studied on Cu nanoparticles(NPs)electrocatalyst.We found that Nafion modifier not only inhibit hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)by decreasing the accessibility of H_(2)O from electrolyte to Cu NPs,and increase the CO_(2)concentration at electrocatalyst interface for enhancing the CO_(2)mass transfer process,but also activate CO_(2)molecule by Lewis acid-base interaction between Nafion and CO_(2)to accelerate the formation of^(*)CO,which favor of C–C coupling for boosting C_(2)product generation.Owing to these features,the HER selectivity was suppressed from 40.6%to 16.8%on optimal Cu@Nafion electrode at-1.2 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE),and as high as 73.5%faradaic efficiencies(FEs)of C_(2)products were achieved at the same applied potential,which was 2.6 times higher than that on bare Cu electrode(~28.3%).In addition,Nafion also contributed to the long-term stability by hinder Cu NPs morphology reconstruction.Thus,this work provides insights into the impact of Nafion on electrocatalytic CO_(2)RR performance.展开更多
The excessive demand for phosphorus-based fertilizers is contributing to the undesired byproduct of phosphogypsum(PG),typically found in large quantities in phosphoric acid industry.Without proper management,this indu...The excessive demand for phosphorus-based fertilizers is contributing to the undesired byproduct of phosphogypsum(PG),typically found in large quantities in phosphoric acid industry.Without proper management,this industrial waste poses a significant environmental pollution risk.Current technologies are struggle to effectively handle the volume of PG produced,but one promising solution is its conversion into hemihydrate gypsum(CaSO_(4)·0.5 H_(2)O,HH).HH can exist in two phases,α-HH andβ-HH,withα-hemihydrate gypsum(α-HH)being preferred for its complete crystal structure and lower water requirement for hydration.The morphology ofα-HH gypsum is crucial for its material applications,and controlling crystal morphology is possible through the use of suitable crystal modifiers.This review explores various aspects of crystal modifiers and highlights their role in the preparation ofα-HH from PG.It suggests that leveraging the interfacial properties of PG could lead to innovative applications.Additionally,the review outlines future directions for PG development and identifies challenges to be addressed in the next steps.展开更多
The effect of combining different organic friction modifiers(OFMs)with ashless dispersants on the dispersion performance of lubricant oils in sludge was investigated using molecular dynamics(MD)simulations.polyisobuty...The effect of combining different organic friction modifiers(OFMs)with ashless dispersants on the dispersion performance of lubricant oils in sludge was investigated using molecular dynamics(MD)simulations.polyisobutylsuccinimide(PIBSI)was mixed with either glycerol monooleate(GMO)or oleamide(OAM)in a poly-α-olefin(PAO)base oil.The distribution and interaction energy of sludge precursors were analyzed both with and without these additive mixtures.The results show that both the OFMs and dispersants can form hydrogen bonds with sludge precursor molecules,preventing further aggregation.Adding OFMs to lubricant oil-containing dispersants enhances the dispersion of the lubricant.Compared to OAM,GMO forms more hydrogen bonds with sludge precursors,which favors improved dispersion.However,there is strong competition and interaction between GMO and PIBSI,which reduces the dispersant’s effectiveness in mitigating sludge precursor aggregation.The interactions among additives and their impact on performance should be considered when designing high-performance lubricant formulations.展开更多
Advanced photovoltaics,such as ultra-flexible perovskite solar cells(UF-PSCs),which are known for their lightweight design and high power-to-mass ratio,have been a long-standing goal that we,as humans,have continuousl...Advanced photovoltaics,such as ultra-flexible perovskite solar cells(UF-PSCs),which are known for their lightweight design and high power-to-mass ratio,have been a long-standing goal that we,as humans,have continuously pursued.Unlike normal PSCs fabricated on rigid substrates,producing high-efficiency UF-PSCs remains a challenge due to the difficulty in achieving full coverage and minimizing defects of metal halide perovskite(MHP)films.In this study,we utilized Al_(2)O_(3) nanoparticles(NPs)as an inorganic surface modifier to enhance the wettability and reduce the roughness of poly-bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine simultaneously.This approach proves essentials in fabricating UF-PSCs,enabling the deposition of uniform and dense MHP films with full coverage and fewer defects.We systematically investigated the effect of Al_(2)O_(3) NPs on film formation,combining simulation with experiments.Our strategy not only significantly increases the power conversion efficiency(PCE)from 11.96%to 16.33%,but also promotes reproducibility by effectively addressing the short circuit issue commonly encountered in UF-PSCs.Additionally,our UF-PSCs demonstrates good mechanical stability,maintaining 98.6%and 79.0%of their initial PCEs after 10,000 bending cycles with radii of 1.0 and 0.5 mm,respectively.展开更多
Wood-polymer composites (WPC) were prepared from wood fiber and four kinds of plastics such as PE, PS, ABS, and SAN. The effects of different modifiers on the mechanical properties of the composites were studied. The ...Wood-polymer composites (WPC) were prepared from wood fiber and four kinds of plastics such as PE, PS, ABS, and SAN. The effects of different modifiers on the mechanical properties of the composites were studied. The results showed modifiers could raise the bonding strength of wood fiber with polymer and improve the mechanical properties of the composites. Different modifiers had different effects on the properties of wood-polymer composites, and comparatively the modifier of isocyanate produced a better result. Wood-polymer composite takes not only the advantages of both wood fiber and polymer, but waterproof, dimensional stability and dynamic strength are also significantly improved. Key word Wood fiber - Thermoplastic polyester - Wood-polymer composites - Modifier - Mechanical properties CLC number TB332 Document code A Foundation item: This study was supported by the Harbin Technology Tackle Key Plan (Development Research of Wood-Polymer Composites with High Wood Matrix) and by Heilongjing Nature Science Fund (Composite Mechanism Study of the Wood Polymer).Biography: XU Min (1963-), Female, Associate professor in Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China.Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai展开更多
In the present paper, differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and X-ray diffraction （XRD） were used to examine the effects of a Sr-Y composite modifier on the microstructure ...In the present paper, differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and X-ray diffraction （XRD） were used to examine the effects of a Sr-Y composite modifier on the microstructure of A356 alloy. After adding Y to A356, YAl 3 compounds formed, and the size of the α （Al） crystal nucleus increased. The degree of supercooling caused by Sr-Y composite modifier was higher than Sr modification by 2.7 °C, leading to an increased nucleation rate. This increase in supercooling temperature was favorable to the refinement of eutectic structure of the alloy and its eutectic reaction was delayed to the maximum extent. The Si phase in the as-cast Sr-Y composite-modified A356 alloy was either granular or flaky. No large flakes of eutectic Si were found, and the modification effects were completely comparable with those obtained using a lone Sr modifier. After T6 heat treatment, most of the eutectic Si showed a grain-like shape with smaller grains. No eutectic Si with long-strip shapes, significant enhancements in the particle roundness and evenness of the Si crystals, and increased globosity were observed. Both the roundness and evenness of the grained Si crystals were enhanced, and the amount of globular eutectic Si available increased, these findings showed that excellent modification effects were achieved.展开更多
The effect of glass network modifier R2O （R=Li, Na, K） on upconversion luminescence in Er3＋/yb3＋ co-doped NaYF4 oxyfluoride glass-ceramics was investigated. NaYF4 nanocrystals with different sizes were studied und...The effect of glass network modifier R2O （R=Li, Na, K） on upconversion luminescence in Er3＋/yb3＋ co-doped NaYF4 oxyfluoride glass-ceramics was investigated. NaYF4 nanocrystals with different sizes were studied under glass network modifier alkali mental oxide. The nanocrystals size in NaYF4 of Li2O modified samples was 11 nm, whereas in the Na20 and K2O modified sample, the crystal size was 25 and 43 nm, respectively. It was found that red, yellow and green upconversions were observed in SAL, SAN, SAK glass ceramics. The reported results would deepen the understanding of size effects on the lanthanide upcon- version in nanocrystals.展开更多
Steel slag had lower activity and much lower hydration rate than cement. Quicklime and iron tailings were designed as modification agent to adjust the composition and properties of high temperature steel slag. The res...Steel slag had lower activity and much lower hydration rate than cement. Quicklime and iron tailings were designed as modification agent to adjust the composition and properties of high temperature steel slag. The results show that quicklime as modifier can greatly increase the content of cementitious minerals in modified steel slag and also promote the decomposition of RO phases and transformation of MgO in RO phase to f-MgO. After high temper- ature modification with compound modifier of quicklime and iron tailings, steel slag shows the main mineral phases of C3S, C2F and MgFe2O4. The activity index of modified steel slag at 28 days reaches 95.5% when the steel slag is modified by 15% of the compound modifier with the ratio of quicklime to iron tailings equal to 2 ： 1 at 1 350 ℃. Mo- reover, the sample with the modified steel slag exhibits the dense structure of hydration paste and the main hydration products of C-S-H gels and Ca（OH）2 crystals.展开更多
A novel method for the determination of nickel and palladium in environmental samples by low temperature ETV-ICP-OES with dimethylglyoxime（DMG） as both the extractant and chemical modifier has been developed. In thi...A novel method for the determination of nickel and palladium in environmental samples by low temperature ETV-ICP-OES with dimethylglyoxime（DMG） as both the extractant and chemical modifier has been developed. In this study, it was found that nickel and palladium can form complexes with dimethylglyoxime（0. 05%, mass fraction） at pH 6.0 and can be extracted into chloroform quantitatively. The complexes can be evaporated into plasma at a suita-ble temperature（ 1400℃） for ICP-OES detection. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limits of nickel and palladium are 0.48 and 0. 40 ng/mL, respectively, while the RSD values are separately 5.0% and 3.1% （p = 50 ng/mL, n = 7）. The proposed method was applied to the determination of the target analytes in environmental sam-ples with satisfactory results.展开更多
Various of modifiers were used to modify the surface activity of white carbon black. The oil absorption, viscosity, hydrophobic rate and burning loss of white carbon black and the mechanical propertiess of silicone ru...Various of modifiers were used to modify the surface activity of white carbon black. The oil absorption, viscosity, hydrophobic rate and burning loss of white carbon black and the mechanical propertiess of silicone rubber were measured. The influences of the modifiers on the properties of white carbon black and the mechanical properties of silicone rubber were discussed.展开更多
Background The genes encoding adiponectin receptor 1 （ADIPOR1） and small ubiquitin-like modifier 4 （SUM04） have been linked to anti-atherogenic effects, but little is known about whether polymorphisms in the two g...Background The genes encoding adiponectin receptor 1 （ADIPOR1） and small ubiquitin-like modifier 4 （SUM04） have been linked to anti-atherogenic effects, but little is known about whether polymorphisms in the two genes, acting separately or interacting, affect risk of coronary artery disease （CAD） without diabetes. Methods We genotyped 200 CAD patients without diabetes and 200 controls without CAD or diabetes at three single-nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） in ADIPOR1 and one SNP in SUM04, which were chosen based on previous studies. Potential associations were also explored between these SNPs and clinical characteristics of CAD without diabetes. Results Risk alleles at three SNPs inADIPOR1 （rs7539542-G, rs7514221-C and rs3737884-G） and the G allele at SNP rs237025 in SUM04 significantly increased risk of CAD without diabetes, with ORs ranging from 1.79 to 4.44. Carriers of any of these four risk alleles showed similar adverse clinical characteristics. Compared with individuals with a CC or GC genotype, those with a GG genotype at rs3737884 were at significantly higher risk of CAD that affected the left anterior descending coronary artery （OR： 6.77, P = 0.009）, the right coronary artery （OR： 4.81, P = 0.028） or a relatively large number of vessels （P = 0.04）. Individuals carrying a risk allele at one or more of the three SNPs in ADIPOR1 as well as a risk allele at the SNP in SUM04 were at significantly higher risk of CAD without diabetes than individuals not carrying any risk alleles （OR： 5.82, 95% CI： 1.23-27.7, P= 0.013）. Conelusions SNPs in ADIPORl and SUMO4 are associated with elevated risk of CAD without diabetes, and SNPs in the two genes may interact to jointly affect disease risk.展开更多
In order to find the effect of different viscosity modifier dosages on asphalt binder＇s performance in bus rapid transit lanes in the city of Chengdu, three different viscosity modifiers were analyzed： TAFPACK-super...In order to find the effect of different viscosity modifier dosages on asphalt binder＇s performance in bus rapid transit lanes in the city of Chengdu, three different viscosity modifiers were analyzed： TAFPACK-super （TPS）, high-viscosity additive （HVA） and road-science- technology （RST）, and four different asphalt binders were investigated through laboratory experiments. The percent- ages of the viscosity modifiers used were： TPS （0%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 14% and 16%） and RST and HVA （8% and 12%） depending on the type of asphalt binder. Technical indicators of modifier asphalt were tested through con- ventional and unconventional binder tests. It has been found out that only a percentage greater than or equal to 14% TPS is reasonable to achieve the requirement set by 20,000 Pa. s for the 60℃ dynamic viscosity on local #70 grade asphalt. The results indicate that conventional bin- ders did not meet the requirements of the 60℃ dynamic viscosity when 12% of TPS or HVA modifiers were used. In addition, the B-type styrene-butadienne-styrene （SBS） modified asphalt binder has better viscosity balance than the A-type SBS modified when 8% of each of the three different kinds of viscosity modifiers is used. Therefore, the B-type modified SBS thus appears to be a suitable choice in asphalt mixtures for bus rapid transit lane with the 60℃ dynamic viscosity.展开更多
Using SrC12-6H2O and Na2CO3 as the main raw materials and adding different complexons as modifiers with simple co-precipitation method, SrCO3 crystals with distinct morphologies like spherical, bundle-like, overlappin...Using SrC12-6H2O and Na2CO3 as the main raw materials and adding different complexons as modifiers with simple co-precipitation method, SrCO3 crystals with distinct morphologies like spherical, bundle-like, overlapping plate-like, hexagonal star-like, dumbbell-like, etc. can be synthesized in the ethanol-water mixtures. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and Fourier transform infrared spectrograph （FT-IR）. The interrelated effect mechanism is presented in the end. Results show that the modifier carboxyl groups play a significant role in controlling the SrCO3 crystal morphologies, which can alter the crystal growth unit （Sr^2＋） supply mode and induce the crystal formation with the morphologies matching their spatial configurations.展开更多
BACKGROUND The results of previous meta-analyses evaluating the association between the alcohol intake and gastric cancer risk have reported that a statistical significance only for men.AIM To investigate the differen...BACKGROUND The results of previous meta-analyses evaluating the association between the alcohol intake and gastric cancer risk have reported that a statistical significance only for men.AIM To investigate the different association between alcohol intake and gastric cancer risk between men and women.METHODS The selection criteria included a prospective cohort study for evaluating alcohol intake and gastric cancer risk,with relative risks adjusted for potential confounders.Adjusted relative risk(RR)for the potential confounders and its 95%confidence interval(CI)in the highest vs lowest level were extracted from each study and a random-effects meta-analysis was conducted.Subgroup analyses by region,level of adjustment for smoking status,adjusting for body mass index,and year of publication were conducted.RESULTS A meta-analysis of all 27 cohorts showed that alcohol intake increased the risk of gastric cancer(summary RR=1.13,95%CI:1.04-1.23,I2=58.2%).Further,13 men’s cohorts had higher summary RR while maintaining statistical significance,and only seven women’s cohorts had no statistical significance.CONCLUSION The present review suggests that alcohol consumption increases the risk of gastric cancer in men.These findings showed that the sex variable in the association between alcohol intake and gastric cancer risk seemed to be an effect modifier with an interaction term.It is necessary to re-estimate follow-up outcomes after stratifying for sex.展开更多
The effects of modifiers on the anti-wetting and anti-icing property of the prepared rough aluminum surface were investigated.The rough aluminum substrates were obtained through electrochemical oxidization with 15 wt%...The effects of modifiers on the anti-wetting and anti-icing property of the prepared rough aluminum surface were investigated.The rough aluminum substrates were obtained through electrochemical oxidization with 15 wt% sulfuric acid solution as the electrolyte at the constant current of 4 mA for 3 h.And then they were modified with octadecanoic acid (C18),polyethylene (PE),polystyrene (PS),polyethylene glycol (PEG) and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA),respectively,whose surface free energies were 27.6,31.0,33.0,61.6 and 70.0 mN/m,respectively.The contact angles (CA) were 154.6°,128.4°,127.6°,5.0° and 0.0°,respectively,and the ice adhesion pressures were 15.9,36.3,55.9,155.3 and 216.1 kPa,respectively.The ice adhesion strengths decrease along with the increasing anti-wetting property of aluminum surfaces and the decreasing of the surface energy of modifiers.These provide some new insights when designing the aluminum surface with anti-icing properties in some special applications.展开更多
A type of heat-curing phosphate binder was proposed,and orthogonal experiments based on the tensile strength of sand samples determined that the optimal composition of the binder was phosphoric acid:water:aluminum hyd...A type of heat-curing phosphate binder was proposed,and orthogonal experiments based on the tensile strength of sand samples determined that the optimal composition of the binder was phosphoric acid:water:aluminum hydroxide:magnesium oxide:boric acid=300:70:60:9:8.Adding 10%polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)solution during the sand mixture process can significantly improve the 24 h tensile strength of sand samples.When adding 30 g phosphate binder and 8 g 10%PVA solution,the initial tensile strength of the sample is 0.76 MPa,the room temperature tensile strength is 2.29 MPa,and the 24 h tensile strength is 1.73 MPa.The heat-curing modified phosphate sand mold has high tensile strength and low gas generation,which can meet general casting production requirements.展开更多
A new macromolecular surface modifier, a copolymer of lauryl methacrylate （LMA） and poly（ethylene glycol） methyl methacrylate （PEGMA）, was synthesized through free radical polymerization. The copolymer was chara...A new macromolecular surface modifier, a copolymer of lauryl methacrylate （LMA） and poly（ethylene glycol） methyl methacrylate （PEGMA）, was synthesized through free radical polymerization. The copolymer was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum （lH-NMR） and thermogravimetric analysis （TGA）. The copolymer was used to blend with polyethylene. The binary blends have been characterized by attenuated total reflection/Fourier transform infrared （ATR- FTIR）, contact-angle measurements （CDA） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The results indicated that poly（ethylene glycol） methyl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate （PEGMA-co-LMA） could diffuse preferably onto the surface of the polyethylene （PE） film, and thus can be used as an efficient surface modifier for PE.展开更多
The treatment of fungi with DNA methyltransferase(DNMT)and/or histone deacetylase(HDAC)inhibitors is a promising way to activate secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways that are dormant under normal conditions.In t...The treatment of fungi with DNA methyltransferase(DNMT)and/or histone deacetylase(HDAC)inhibitors is a promising way to activate secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways that are dormant under normal conditions.In this study,we included an HDAC inhibitor,suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid(SBHA),in the culture medium of endophytic fungi isolated from the medicinal plant Datura stramonium L.The production of two compounds was induced in the culture supplemented with SBHA,and their structures were determined to be the fusaric acid derivatives 5-butyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-2-carboxylic acid and 5-(but-9-enyl)-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-2-carboxylic acid.The result confirmed that the use of chemical epigenetic modifiers is an effective technique for promoting the expression of silent biosynthetic pathways to produce unique secondary metabolites.展开更多
Numerous biochemical activites are known for the selenoorganic drug ebse1en [(2-phenyl1, 2-benzoisoselenazol-3-(2H)-one]. The initial interest focussed on its GSH peroxidase-like activity and its inhibitory activity o...Numerous biochemical activites are known for the selenoorganic drug ebse1en [(2-phenyl1, 2-benzoisoselenazol-3-(2H)-one]. The initial interest focussed on its GSH peroxidase-like activity and its inhibitory activity on 5-lipoxygenase, however, further activities of the drug on oxidative burst of leukocytes, nitric oxide synthases, protein kinases and on leukocyte migration were recognized.Here we report that Ebselen differentially interacts in vivo with the production and action of systemically released cytokines in various hyperinflammation models in mice. Ebselen given orally to mice protected dose-dependently from Concanavalin A-induced, T-cell dependent inflammatory liver injury. The release of the proinflammatory cytokines Tumor Necosis Factor α and Interferon γ was downregulated, while the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin 10 was increased. Similar results were found in galactosamine-sensitized mice in an inflammatory liver model using the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B as a T-cell activator. Moreover, Ebselen inhibited the release of TNFα initiated by endotoxin in vivo in mice. In galactosamine-pretreated mice, Ebselen also at tenuated liver injury induced by recombinant Tumor Necosis Factor α and initiated enhanced release of Interleukin 10.These findings expand the pharmacological knowledge on ebselen to hitherto unknown immunomodulatory properties which encourage to develop the drug for treatment of T-cell related autoimmune diseases展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20605)Anhui Graduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Practice Project(2022cxcysj090)+2 种基金China Baowu Low Carbon Metallurgy Innovation Foundation(BWLCF202202)the University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province(GXXT-2020-072)the Outstanding Youth Fund of Anhui Province(2208085J19).
文摘Steel slag(SS)accumulates unavoidably due to its complex and unstable composition,high production volumes,and limited value-added resource utilization.Single or multiple interface modifiers were proposed to enhance the properties of SS through high-speed dispersion,transforming its inherent hydrophilic and oleophobic characteristics into hydrophily and lipophilicity.The modification effects were innovatively assessed by observing the color changes of modified steel slag solutions following the dissolution-settlement equilibrium constant.This approach avoided human-induced errors and improved estimated accuracy in conformance with conventional methods such as oil absorption value,activation index,sedimentation volume,and lipophilicity.The hydrolysis of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane(KH)generated–Si(OH)_(3)structure to form hydrogen or covalent bonds with active substances(OH groups)from SS.Concurrently,SS underwent encapsulation via Si–O–Si structure resulting from the dehydration of–Si(OH)_(3).The stearic acid coupling agent(SA),aluminate coupling agent(AC),and titanate coupling agent(TN)underwent chemical reactions with Ca(OH)_(2),Al(OH)_(3),and CaCO_(3)in SS.The acidic SA primarily created stable chemical bonds and acted as a supplement due to its package,reducing surface activity and hydrophilicity while enhancing lipophilicity.Specifically,the optimal modification effect was obtained at 3 wt.%SA.Consequently,3 wt.%SA was established as the benchmark for multiple modifiers and the most effective combination was 3 wt.%SA and 3 wt.%AC.Compared with a single interface modifier,SA corroded the SS surface to provide numerous active sites for further modification by KH,AC,or TN,resulting in a more densely packed structure.In addition,more organic groups on SS prevent the proximity of other particles from agglomerating to achieve dispersion and a synergistic modification,laying a theoretical foundation of SS in a new pathway for organic composite materials.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2022A1515012359)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21902121)+1 种基金the STU Scientific Research Foundation for Talents (NTF21020)the 2020 Li Ka Shing Foundation Cross-Disciplinary Research Grant (2020LKSFG09A)。
文摘Nafion as a universal polymer ionomer was widely applied for nanocatalysts electrode preparation.However,the effect of Nafion on electrocatalytic performance was often overlooked,especially for CO_(2)electrolysis.Herein,the key roles of Nafion for CO_(2)RR were systematically studied on Cu nanoparticles(NPs)electrocatalyst.We found that Nafion modifier not only inhibit hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)by decreasing the accessibility of H_(2)O from electrolyte to Cu NPs,and increase the CO_(2)concentration at electrocatalyst interface for enhancing the CO_(2)mass transfer process,but also activate CO_(2)molecule by Lewis acid-base interaction between Nafion and CO_(2)to accelerate the formation of^(*)CO,which favor of C–C coupling for boosting C_(2)product generation.Owing to these features,the HER selectivity was suppressed from 40.6%to 16.8%on optimal Cu@Nafion electrode at-1.2 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE),and as high as 73.5%faradaic efficiencies(FEs)of C_(2)products were achieved at the same applied potential,which was 2.6 times higher than that on bare Cu electrode(~28.3%).In addition,Nafion also contributed to the long-term stability by hinder Cu NPs morphology reconstruction.Thus,this work provides insights into the impact of Nafion on electrocatalytic CO_(2)RR performance.
基金Project(2022YFC3902703)supported by the National Key R&D Program of ChinaProject(KF22028)supported by the Special Project for High Quality Development of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China+1 种基金Project(62004143)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2022BAA084)supported by the Key R&D Program of Hubei Province,China。
文摘The excessive demand for phosphorus-based fertilizers is contributing to the undesired byproduct of phosphogypsum(PG),typically found in large quantities in phosphoric acid industry.Without proper management,this industrial waste poses a significant environmental pollution risk.Current technologies are struggle to effectively handle the volume of PG produced,but one promising solution is its conversion into hemihydrate gypsum(CaSO_(4)·0.5 H_(2)O,HH).HH can exist in two phases,α-HH andβ-HH,withα-hemihydrate gypsum(α-HH)being preferred for its complete crystal structure and lower water requirement for hydration.The morphology ofα-HH gypsum is crucial for its material applications,and controlling crystal morphology is possible through the use of suitable crystal modifiers.This review explores various aspects of crystal modifiers and highlights their role in the preparation ofα-HH from PG.It suggests that leveraging the interfacial properties of PG could lead to innovative applications.Additionally,the review outlines future directions for PG development and identifies challenges to be addressed in the next steps.
文摘The effect of combining different organic friction modifiers(OFMs)with ashless dispersants on the dispersion performance of lubricant oils in sludge was investigated using molecular dynamics(MD)simulations.polyisobutylsuccinimide(PIBSI)was mixed with either glycerol monooleate(GMO)or oleamide(OAM)in a poly-α-olefin(PAO)base oil.The distribution and interaction energy of sludge precursors were analyzed both with and without these additive mixtures.The results show that both the OFMs and dispersants can form hydrogen bonds with sludge precursor molecules,preventing further aggregation.Adding OFMs to lubricant oil-containing dispersants enhances the dispersion of the lubricant.Compared to OAM,GMO forms more hydrogen bonds with sludge precursors,which favors improved dispersion.However,there is strong competition and interaction between GMO and PIBSI,which reduces the dispersant’s effectiveness in mitigating sludge precursor aggregation.The interactions among additives and their impact on performance should be considered when designing high-performance lubricant formulations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22005043,52272193)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFA0709102 and 2020YFA0714502)+1 种基金the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC2007038,XLYC2008032)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT22LAB602,DUT22GJ201).
文摘Advanced photovoltaics,such as ultra-flexible perovskite solar cells(UF-PSCs),which are known for their lightweight design and high power-to-mass ratio,have been a long-standing goal that we,as humans,have continuously pursued.Unlike normal PSCs fabricated on rigid substrates,producing high-efficiency UF-PSCs remains a challenge due to the difficulty in achieving full coverage and minimizing defects of metal halide perovskite(MHP)films.In this study,we utilized Al_(2)O_(3) nanoparticles(NPs)as an inorganic surface modifier to enhance the wettability and reduce the roughness of poly-bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine simultaneously.This approach proves essentials in fabricating UF-PSCs,enabling the deposition of uniform and dense MHP films with full coverage and fewer defects.We systematically investigated the effect of Al_(2)O_(3) NPs on film formation,combining simulation with experiments.Our strategy not only significantly increases the power conversion efficiency(PCE)from 11.96%to 16.33%,but also promotes reproducibility by effectively addressing the short circuit issue commonly encountered in UF-PSCs.Additionally,our UF-PSCs demonstrates good mechanical stability,maintaining 98.6%and 79.0%of their initial PCEs after 10,000 bending cycles with radii of 1.0 and 0.5 mm,respectively.
基金Supported by the Harbin Technology Tackle Key Plan (Development Research of Wood-Polymer Composites with High Wood Matrix) and by Heilongjing Nature Science Fund (Composite Mechanism Study of the Wood Polymer).
文摘Wood-polymer composites (WPC) were prepared from wood fiber and four kinds of plastics such as PE, PS, ABS, and SAN. The effects of different modifiers on the mechanical properties of the composites were studied. The results showed modifiers could raise the bonding strength of wood fiber with polymer and improve the mechanical properties of the composites. Different modifiers had different effects on the properties of wood-polymer composites, and comparatively the modifier of isocyanate produced a better result. Wood-polymer composite takes not only the advantages of both wood fiber and polymer, but waterproof, dimensional stability and dynamic strength are also significantly improved. Key word Wood fiber - Thermoplastic polyester - Wood-polymer composites - Modifier - Mechanical properties CLC number TB332 Document code A Foundation item: This study was supported by the Harbin Technology Tackle Key Plan (Development Research of Wood-Polymer Composites with High Wood Matrix) and by Heilongjing Nature Science Fund (Composite Mechanism Study of the Wood Polymer).Biography: XU Min (1963-), Female, Associate professor in Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China.Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51141007)
文摘In the present paper, differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and X-ray diffraction （XRD） were used to examine the effects of a Sr-Y composite modifier on the microstructure of A356 alloy. After adding Y to A356, YAl 3 compounds formed, and the size of the α （Al） crystal nucleus increased. The degree of supercooling caused by Sr-Y composite modifier was higher than Sr modification by 2.7 °C, leading to an increased nucleation rate. This increase in supercooling temperature was favorable to the refinement of eutectic structure of the alloy and its eutectic reaction was delayed to the maximum extent. The Si phase in the as-cast Sr-Y composite-modified A356 alloy was either granular or flaky. No large flakes of eutectic Si were found, and the modification effects were completely comparable with those obtained using a lone Sr modifier. After T6 heat treatment, most of the eutectic Si showed a grain-like shape with smaller grains. No eutectic Si with long-strip shapes, significant enhancements in the particle roundness and evenness of the Si crystals, and increased globosity were observed. Both the roundness and evenness of the grained Si crystals were enhanced, and the amount of globular eutectic Si available increased, these findings showed that excellent modification effects were achieved.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61368007,61265004,51272097)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(20125314120018)
文摘The effect of glass network modifier R2O （R=Li, Na, K） on upconversion luminescence in Er3＋/yb3＋ co-doped NaYF4 oxyfluoride glass-ceramics was investigated. NaYF4 nanocrystals with different sizes were studied under glass network modifier alkali mental oxide. The nanocrystals size in NaYF4 of Li2O modified samples was 11 nm, whereas in the Na20 and K2O modified sample, the crystal size was 25 and 43 nm, respectively. It was found that red, yellow and green upconversions were observed in SAL, SAN, SAK glass ceramics. The reported results would deepen the understanding of size effects on the lanthanide upcon- version in nanocrystals.
基金Sponsored by National Key-tech Research and Development Program of China(2011BAB03B05,2013BAC12B04)
文摘Steel slag had lower activity and much lower hydration rate than cement. Quicklime and iron tailings were designed as modification agent to adjust the composition and properties of high temperature steel slag. The results show that quicklime as modifier can greatly increase the content of cementitious minerals in modified steel slag and also promote the decomposition of RO phases and transformation of MgO in RO phase to f-MgO. After high temper- ature modification with compound modifier of quicklime and iron tailings, steel slag shows the main mineral phases of C3S, C2F and MgFe2O4. The activity index of modified steel slag at 28 days reaches 95.5% when the steel slag is modified by 15% of the compound modifier with the ratio of quicklime to iron tailings equal to 2 ： 1 at 1 350 ℃. Mo- reover, the sample with the modified steel slag exhibits the dense structure of hydration paste and the main hydration products of C-S-H gels and Ca（OH）2 crystals.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20575048).
文摘A novel method for the determination of nickel and palladium in environmental samples by low temperature ETV-ICP-OES with dimethylglyoxime（DMG） as both the extractant and chemical modifier has been developed. In this study, it was found that nickel and palladium can form complexes with dimethylglyoxime（0. 05%, mass fraction） at pH 6.0 and can be extracted into chloroform quantitatively. The complexes can be evaporated into plasma at a suita-ble temperature（ 1400℃） for ICP-OES detection. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limits of nickel and palladium are 0.48 and 0. 40 ng/mL, respectively, while the RSD values are separately 5.0% and 3.1% （p = 50 ng/mL, n = 7）. The proposed method was applied to the determination of the target analytes in environmental sam-ples with satisfactory results.
文摘Various of modifiers were used to modify the surface activity of white carbon black. The oil absorption, viscosity, hydrophobic rate and burning loss of white carbon black and the mechanical propertiess of silicone rubber were measured. The influences of the modifiers on the properties of white carbon black and the mechanical properties of silicone rubber were discussed.
基金Acknowledgments This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （81570323, 30972709, 81061120527, 81241082） and the 12th Five-Year National Program of the Ministry of Scientific Technology （2012BAI10B01）. We thank Liu M and Zhou L from Beijing Hospital for providing experimental data, the nurses from Beijing Anzhen Hospital for collecting specimens, and the study volunteers.
文摘Background The genes encoding adiponectin receptor 1 （ADIPOR1） and small ubiquitin-like modifier 4 （SUM04） have been linked to anti-atherogenic effects, but little is known about whether polymorphisms in the two genes, acting separately or interacting, affect risk of coronary artery disease （CAD） without diabetes. Methods We genotyped 200 CAD patients without diabetes and 200 controls without CAD or diabetes at three single-nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） in ADIPOR1 and one SNP in SUM04, which were chosen based on previous studies. Potential associations were also explored between these SNPs and clinical characteristics of CAD without diabetes. Results Risk alleles at three SNPs inADIPOR1 （rs7539542-G, rs7514221-C and rs3737884-G） and the G allele at SNP rs237025 in SUM04 significantly increased risk of CAD without diabetes, with ORs ranging from 1.79 to 4.44. Carriers of any of these four risk alleles showed similar adverse clinical characteristics. Compared with individuals with a CC or GC genotype, those with a GG genotype at rs3737884 were at significantly higher risk of CAD that affected the left anterior descending coronary artery （OR： 6.77, P = 0.009）, the right coronary artery （OR： 4.81, P = 0.028） or a relatively large number of vessels （P = 0.04）. Individuals carrying a risk allele at one or more of the three SNPs in ADIPOR1 as well as a risk allele at the SNP in SUM04 were at significantly higher risk of CAD without diabetes than individuals not carrying any risk alleles （OR： 5.82, 95% CI： 1.23-27.7, P= 0.013）. Conelusions SNPs in ADIPORl and SUMO4 are associated with elevated risk of CAD without diabetes, and SNPs in the two genes may interact to jointly affect disease risk.
文摘In order to find the effect of different viscosity modifier dosages on asphalt binder＇s performance in bus rapid transit lanes in the city of Chengdu, three different viscosity modifiers were analyzed： TAFPACK-super （TPS）, high-viscosity additive （HVA） and road-science- technology （RST）, and four different asphalt binders were investigated through laboratory experiments. The percent- ages of the viscosity modifiers used were： TPS （0%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 14% and 16%） and RST and HVA （8% and 12%） depending on the type of asphalt binder. Technical indicators of modifier asphalt were tested through con- ventional and unconventional binder tests. It has been found out that only a percentage greater than or equal to 14% TPS is reasonable to achieve the requirement set by 20,000 Pa. s for the 60℃ dynamic viscosity on local #70 grade asphalt. The results indicate that conventional bin- ders did not meet the requirements of the 60℃ dynamic viscosity when 12% of TPS or HVA modifiers were used. In addition, the B-type styrene-butadienne-styrene （SBS） modified asphalt binder has better viscosity balance than the A-type SBS modified when 8% of each of the three different kinds of viscosity modifiers is used. Therefore, the B-type modified SBS thus appears to be a suitable choice in asphalt mixtures for bus rapid transit lane with the 60℃ dynamic viscosity.
基金the Key Scientific and Technological Project of Sichuan Province(No.03GG021-002)
文摘Using SrC12-6H2O and Na2CO3 as the main raw materials and adding different complexons as modifiers with simple co-precipitation method, SrCO3 crystals with distinct morphologies like spherical, bundle-like, overlapping plate-like, hexagonal star-like, dumbbell-like, etc. can be synthesized in the ethanol-water mixtures. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and Fourier transform infrared spectrograph （FT-IR）. The interrelated effect mechanism is presented in the end. Results show that the modifier carboxyl groups play a significant role in controlling the SrCO3 crystal morphologies, which can alter the crystal growth unit （Sr^2＋） supply mode and induce the crystal formation with the morphologies matching their spatial configurations.
文摘BACKGROUND The results of previous meta-analyses evaluating the association between the alcohol intake and gastric cancer risk have reported that a statistical significance only for men.AIM To investigate the different association between alcohol intake and gastric cancer risk between men and women.METHODS The selection criteria included a prospective cohort study for evaluating alcohol intake and gastric cancer risk,with relative risks adjusted for potential confounders.Adjusted relative risk(RR)for the potential confounders and its 95%confidence interval(CI)in the highest vs lowest level were extracted from each study and a random-effects meta-analysis was conducted.Subgroup analyses by region,level of adjustment for smoking status,adjusting for body mass index,and year of publication were conducted.RESULTS A meta-analysis of all 27 cohorts showed that alcohol intake increased the risk of gastric cancer(summary RR=1.13,95%CI:1.04-1.23,I2=58.2%).Further,13 men’s cohorts had higher summary RR while maintaining statistical significance,and only seven women’s cohorts had no statistical significance.CONCLUSION The present review suggests that alcohol consumption increases the risk of gastric cancer in men.These findings showed that the sex variable in the association between alcohol intake and gastric cancer risk seemed to be an effect modifier with an interaction term.It is necessary to re-estimate follow-up outcomes after stratifying for sex.
基金Funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51801058)the Special Program for Guiding Local Science and Technology Development by the Central Government of Hubei Province(No.2019ZYYD006)Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2018CFB759)。
文摘The effects of modifiers on the anti-wetting and anti-icing property of the prepared rough aluminum surface were investigated.The rough aluminum substrates were obtained through electrochemical oxidization with 15 wt% sulfuric acid solution as the electrolyte at the constant current of 4 mA for 3 h.And then they were modified with octadecanoic acid (C18),polyethylene (PE),polystyrene (PS),polyethylene glycol (PEG) and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA),respectively,whose surface free energies were 27.6,31.0,33.0,61.6 and 70.0 mN/m,respectively.The contact angles (CA) were 154.6°,128.4°,127.6°,5.0° and 0.0°,respectively,and the ice adhesion pressures were 15.9,36.3,55.9,155.3 and 216.1 kPa,respectively.The ice adhesion strengths decrease along with the increasing anti-wetting property of aluminum surfaces and the decreasing of the surface energy of modifiers.These provide some new insights when designing the aluminum surface with anti-icing properties in some special applications.
文摘A type of heat-curing phosphate binder was proposed,and orthogonal experiments based on the tensile strength of sand samples determined that the optimal composition of the binder was phosphoric acid:water:aluminum hydroxide:magnesium oxide:boric acid=300:70:60:9:8.Adding 10%polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)solution during the sand mixture process can significantly improve the 24 h tensile strength of sand samples.When adding 30 g phosphate binder and 8 g 10%PVA solution,the initial tensile strength of the sample is 0.76 MPa,the room temperature tensile strength is 2.29 MPa,and the 24 h tensile strength is 1.73 MPa.The heat-curing modified phosphate sand mold has high tensile strength and low gas generation,which can meet general casting production requirements.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51173214, J1103305)Department of Education of Guangdong Province (2012KJCX0005)Science and Technology Bureau of Guangzhou
文摘A new macromolecular surface modifier, a copolymer of lauryl methacrylate （LMA） and poly（ethylene glycol） methyl methacrylate （PEGMA）, was synthesized through free radical polymerization. The copolymer was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum （lH-NMR） and thermogravimetric analysis （TGA）. The copolymer was used to blend with polyethylene. The binary blends have been characterized by attenuated total reflection/Fourier transform infrared （ATR- FTIR）, contact-angle measurements （CDA） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The results indicated that poly（ethylene glycol） methyl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate （PEGMA-co-LMA） could diffuse preferably onto the surface of the polyethylene （PE） film, and thus can be used as an efficient surface modifier for PE.
基金This work was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology,Japan.
文摘The treatment of fungi with DNA methyltransferase(DNMT)and/or histone deacetylase(HDAC)inhibitors is a promising way to activate secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways that are dormant under normal conditions.In this study,we included an HDAC inhibitor,suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid(SBHA),in the culture medium of endophytic fungi isolated from the medicinal plant Datura stramonium L.The production of two compounds was induced in the culture supplemented with SBHA,and their structures were determined to be the fusaric acid derivatives 5-butyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-2-carboxylic acid and 5-(but-9-enyl)-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-2-carboxylic acid.The result confirmed that the use of chemical epigenetic modifiers is an effective technique for promoting the expression of silent biosynthetic pathways to produce unique secondary metabolites.
文摘Numerous biochemical activites are known for the selenoorganic drug ebse1en [(2-phenyl1, 2-benzoisoselenazol-3-(2H)-one]. The initial interest focussed on its GSH peroxidase-like activity and its inhibitory activity on 5-lipoxygenase, however, further activities of the drug on oxidative burst of leukocytes, nitric oxide synthases, protein kinases and on leukocyte migration were recognized.Here we report that Ebselen differentially interacts in vivo with the production and action of systemically released cytokines in various hyperinflammation models in mice. Ebselen given orally to mice protected dose-dependently from Concanavalin A-induced, T-cell dependent inflammatory liver injury. The release of the proinflammatory cytokines Tumor Necosis Factor α and Interferon γ was downregulated, while the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin 10 was increased. Similar results were found in galactosamine-sensitized mice in an inflammatory liver model using the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B as a T-cell activator. Moreover, Ebselen inhibited the release of TNFα initiated by endotoxin in vivo in mice. In galactosamine-pretreated mice, Ebselen also at tenuated liver injury induced by recombinant Tumor Necosis Factor α and initiated enhanced release of Interleukin 10.These findings expand the pharmacological knowledge on ebselen to hitherto unknown immunomodulatory properties which encourage to develop the drug for treatment of T-cell related autoimmune diseases
