In this article, we study the Lax pairs of -dimensional equation: the modified generalized dispersive long wave (MGDLW) equation. Based on the well-known binary Darboux transformation, we dig out the recursion formula...In this article, we study the Lax pairs of -dimensional equation: the modified generalized dispersive long wave (MGDLW) equation. Based on the well-known binary Darboux transformation, we dig out the recursion formulas of the first part of the Lax pairs. Then by further discussion and doing some revisional work, we make the recursion formulas fit for the second part of Lax pairs. At last, some solutions to the MGDLW equation are worked out by using the recursion formula.展开更多
An error analysis of the dynamic shear modulus of stiff specimens from tests performed by a new resonant column device developed by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China was conducted. A modified approach for ...An error analysis of the dynamic shear modulus of stiff specimens from tests performed by a new resonant column device developed by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China was conducted. A modified approach for calculating the dynamic shear modulus of the stiff specimens is presented. The error formula of the tests was deduced and parameters that impact the accuracy of the test were identified. Using six steel specimens with known standard stiffness as a base, a revised dynamic shear modulus calculation for stiff specimens was formulated by comparing three of the models. The maximum error between the test results and the calculated results shown by curves from both the free-vibration and the resonant-vibration tests is less than 6%. The free-vibration and resonant-vibration tests for three types of stiff samples with a known modulus indicate that the maximum deviation between the actual and the tested value using the modified approach were less than 10%. As a result, the modified approach presented here is shown to be reliable and the new device can be used for testing dynamic shear modulus of any stiff materials at low shear strain levels展开更多
A modified exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) scheme is one of the quality control charts suchthat this control chart can quickly detect a small shift. The average run length (ARL) is frequently used for the...A modified exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) scheme is one of the quality control charts suchthat this control chart can quickly detect a small shift. The average run length (ARL) is frequently used for theperformance evaluation on control charts. This paper proposes the explicit formula for evaluating the average runlength on a two-sided modified exponentially weighted moving average chart under the observations of a first-orderautoregressive process, referred to as AR(1) process, with an exponential white noise. The performance comparisonof the explicit formula and the numerical integral technique is carried out using the absolute relative change forchecking the correct formula and the CPU time for testing speed of calculation. The results show that the ARL ofthe explicit formula and the numerical integral equation method are hardly different, but this explicit formula ismuch faster for calculating the ARL and offered accurate values. Furthermore, the cumulative sum, the classicalEWMA and the modified EWMA control charts are compared and the results show that the latter is better for smalland intermediate shift sizes. In addition, the explicit formula is successfully applied to real-world data in the healthfield as COVID-19 data in Thailand and Singapore.展开更多
Objective To investigate the effect of modified Leweiyin Formula(MLF)on key glycolytic regulatory targets in the gastric mucosa of rats with chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)based on the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI...Objective To investigate the effect of modified Leweiyin Formula(MLF)on key glycolytic regulatory targets in the gastric mucosa of rats with chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)based on the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)signalingpathway.Methods The CAG rat model was induced using a combination of free drinking of 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG),oral administration of sodium salicylate,and an irregular feeding schedule.After modeling,except for the blank group,the remaining rats were randomly divided into the model group,Vitacoenzyme group,Chinese medicine(CM)low-dose group(6.3 g/kg),and CM high-dose group(25.2 g/kg),with 6 rats in each group.Rats in the normal group and the model group were gavaged daily with sterilized water.Each group received daily interventions for 28 days.HE staining was used to observe pathological changes of gastric mucosa.Alisin Blue-Periodic Acid Schiff(ABPAS)stainingwas used to detect the intestinal metaplasia.The changes of gastric mucosal epithelial cells were observe by Scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The mRNA expressions of glucose transporter 1(Glutl),hexokinase 2(HK2),pyruvate kinase M2(PKM2),and lactate dehydrogenase A(LDHA)were detected using qRT-PCR.The protein expressions of Glutl,HK2,PKM2,LDHA,PI3K,AKT,and mTOR were detected using Western Blot.Results Compared with the blank group,the model group showed decreased body weight(P<0.01),reduced food intake,lethargy,and pathological changes in the gastric mucosa,including atrophy and intestinal metaplasia.mRNA and protein expressions of Glutl,HK2,PKM2,and LDHA increased(P<0.05,P<0.01),the protein expressions of PI3K,AKT,and mTOR increased in the model group(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the body weight of rats in all intervention groups increased(P<0.01),and their food intake,body weight,and mental state were all improved;the Vitacoenzyme group and the CM low-dose group,as well as the CM high-dose group,all repaired the gastric mucosal damage in CAG model rats from a pathological perspective and alleviated intestinal metaplasia.Compared with the model group,the levels of Glutl,HK2,and PKM2 mRNA reduced in all intervention groups(P<0.01),and the level of LDHA mRNA decreased in the CM high-dose group(P<0.01).Additionally,the protein expressions of PKM2,LDHA,Glutl,HK2,PI3K,and mTOR reduced in the CM low-dose and high-dose groups(P<0.05,P<0.01),AKT protein expressions decreased in the CM high-dose group(P<0.01).Conclusion MLF may treat chronic atrophic gastritis by down-regulating key glycolytic targets(Glutl,HK2,PKM2,and LDHA)through inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of glomerular filtration rate formula by comparising the CKD-EPI 2009 formula and the modified Modified MDRD formula with the 99mTc-DTPA double-phase plasma method as "gold sta...Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of glomerular filtration rate formula by comparising the CKD-EPI 2009 formula and the modified Modified MDRD formula with the 99mTc-DTPA double-phase plasma method as "gold standard" respectively. Methods: Totally 166 patients diognosed as chronic kidney disease (CKD) were enrolled. The 99mTc-DTPA double-plasma method (rGFR) was used as the "gold standard". The CKD-EPI 2009 formula and the modified MDRD formula were used to calculate eGFR. Statistical software was used to analyze the correlation between the calculated values of the two formulas and the gold standard value and the bias. Then we evaluated the accuracy of the two GFR formulas. Results: Among the CKD stage 1 patients, the bias of the CKD-EPI 2009 formula was smaller than that of the Modified MDRD formula (13.9911.45;20.1815.90);both formulas were weakly correlated with the gold standard (correlation coefficients were 0.216, 0.229, P<0.01, respectively);The probability that the bias of the calculated value of the CKD-EPI 2009 formula less than 15%, 30%, and 50% of the gold standard value is smaller. Among the CKD stage 2 patients, the bias of the CKD-EPI 2009 formula was smaller than that of the Modified MDRD formula (12.748.45;15.6811.01);both formulas were moderately correlated with the gold standard (correlation coefficients were 0.568, 0.581, P<0.01, respectively);The probability that the bias of the calculated value of the CKD-EPI 2009 formula less than 15%, 30%, and 50% of the gold standard value is smaller. Among the CKD stage 3 patients, the bias of the CKD-EPI 2009 formula was smaller than that of the Modified MDRD formula (12.6410.27;12.8810.97), and both formulas were strongly correlated with the gold standard (correlation coefficients were 0.664, 0.670, P<0.01, respectively);The probability that the bias of the calculated value of the Modified MDRD formula less than 15%, 30%, and 50% of the gold standard value is smaller. Among the CKD stage 4 to 5 patients, the bias of the CKD-EPI 2009 formula was smaller than that of the Modified MDRD formula (5.585.36;5.945.20);The CKD-EPI 2009 formula and the Modified MDRD formula were strongly correlated with the gold standard (correlation coefficient r was 0.808. 0.802, P<0.01, respectively);The probability of the bias of the calculated value of the CKD-EPI 2009 formula less than 15%, 30%, and 50% of the gold standard value is smaller. In patients with decreased renal function with GFR <60 ml/min, the sensitivity and positive predictive value of the CKD-EPI 2009 formula for the diagnosis of "decreased renal function"were higher, and the specificity was comparable. Conclusion: 1. When the renal function is only slightly decreased, the accuracy of the two formulas is not good. In this condition, the CKD-EPI 2009 formula is more accurate and recommended. 2. It is necessary to further improve the current formulas especialy when it comes to value the slightly declined renal function;3. When we try to identify the stage of CKD patients, only based on eGFR may cause misclassification, it is recommended to combine the cause-GFR-albuminuria staging to assess the stage of CKD;4. The current formulas have limitations.in the case that requires a highly accurate assessment of GFR, the 99mTc-DTPA dual plasma method is recommended.展开更多
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.10101025
文摘In this article, we study the Lax pairs of -dimensional equation: the modified generalized dispersive long wave (MGDLW) equation. Based on the well-known binary Darboux transformation, we dig out the recursion formulas of the first part of the Lax pairs. Then by further discussion and doing some revisional work, we make the recursion formulas fit for the second part of Lax pairs. At last, some solutions to the MGDLW equation are worked out by using the recursion formula.
基金Ministry of Science and Technology of Chinaand the Earthquake Science Foundation of China Under GrandNo.102033
文摘An error analysis of the dynamic shear modulus of stiff specimens from tests performed by a new resonant column device developed by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China was conducted. A modified approach for calculating the dynamic shear modulus of the stiff specimens is presented. The error formula of the tests was deduced and parameters that impact the accuracy of the test were identified. Using six steel specimens with known standard stiffness as a base, a revised dynamic shear modulus calculation for stiff specimens was formulated by comparing three of the models. The maximum error between the test results and the calculated results shown by curves from both the free-vibration and the resonant-vibration tests is less than 6%. The free-vibration and resonant-vibration tests for three types of stiff samples with a known modulus indicate that the maximum deviation between the actual and the tested value using the modified approach were less than 10%. As a result, the modified approach presented here is shown to be reliable and the new device can be used for testing dynamic shear modulus of any stiff materials at low shear strain levels
基金The research was supported by King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok Contract No.KMUTNB-62-KNOW-018.
文摘A modified exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) scheme is one of the quality control charts suchthat this control chart can quickly detect a small shift. The average run length (ARL) is frequently used for theperformance evaluation on control charts. This paper proposes the explicit formula for evaluating the average runlength on a two-sided modified exponentially weighted moving average chart under the observations of a first-orderautoregressive process, referred to as AR(1) process, with an exponential white noise. The performance comparisonof the explicit formula and the numerical integral technique is carried out using the absolute relative change forchecking the correct formula and the CPU time for testing speed of calculation. The results show that the ARL ofthe explicit formula and the numerical integral equation method are hardly different, but this explicit formula ismuch faster for calculating the ARL and offered accurate values. Furthermore, the cumulative sum, the classicalEWMA and the modified EWMA control charts are compared and the results show that the latter is better for smalland intermediate shift sizes. In addition, the explicit formula is successfully applied to real-world data in the healthfield as COVID-19 data in Thailand and Singapore.
文摘Objective To investigate the effect of modified Leweiyin Formula(MLF)on key glycolytic regulatory targets in the gastric mucosa of rats with chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)based on the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)signalingpathway.Methods The CAG rat model was induced using a combination of free drinking of 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG),oral administration of sodium salicylate,and an irregular feeding schedule.After modeling,except for the blank group,the remaining rats were randomly divided into the model group,Vitacoenzyme group,Chinese medicine(CM)low-dose group(6.3 g/kg),and CM high-dose group(25.2 g/kg),with 6 rats in each group.Rats in the normal group and the model group were gavaged daily with sterilized water.Each group received daily interventions for 28 days.HE staining was used to observe pathological changes of gastric mucosa.Alisin Blue-Periodic Acid Schiff(ABPAS)stainingwas used to detect the intestinal metaplasia.The changes of gastric mucosal epithelial cells were observe by Scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The mRNA expressions of glucose transporter 1(Glutl),hexokinase 2(HK2),pyruvate kinase M2(PKM2),and lactate dehydrogenase A(LDHA)were detected using qRT-PCR.The protein expressions of Glutl,HK2,PKM2,LDHA,PI3K,AKT,and mTOR were detected using Western Blot.Results Compared with the blank group,the model group showed decreased body weight(P<0.01),reduced food intake,lethargy,and pathological changes in the gastric mucosa,including atrophy and intestinal metaplasia.mRNA and protein expressions of Glutl,HK2,PKM2,and LDHA increased(P<0.05,P<0.01),the protein expressions of PI3K,AKT,and mTOR increased in the model group(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the body weight of rats in all intervention groups increased(P<0.01),and their food intake,body weight,and mental state were all improved;the Vitacoenzyme group and the CM low-dose group,as well as the CM high-dose group,all repaired the gastric mucosal damage in CAG model rats from a pathological perspective and alleviated intestinal metaplasia.Compared with the model group,the levels of Glutl,HK2,and PKM2 mRNA reduced in all intervention groups(P<0.01),and the level of LDHA mRNA decreased in the CM high-dose group(P<0.01).Additionally,the protein expressions of PKM2,LDHA,Glutl,HK2,PI3K,and mTOR reduced in the CM low-dose and high-dose groups(P<0.05,P<0.01),AKT protein expressions decreased in the CM high-dose group(P<0.01).Conclusion MLF may treat chronic atrophic gastritis by down-regulating key glycolytic targets(Glutl,HK2,PKM2,and LDHA)through inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of glomerular filtration rate formula by comparising the CKD-EPI 2009 formula and the modified Modified MDRD formula with the 99mTc-DTPA double-phase plasma method as "gold standard" respectively. Methods: Totally 166 patients diognosed as chronic kidney disease (CKD) were enrolled. The 99mTc-DTPA double-plasma method (rGFR) was used as the "gold standard". The CKD-EPI 2009 formula and the modified MDRD formula were used to calculate eGFR. Statistical software was used to analyze the correlation between the calculated values of the two formulas and the gold standard value and the bias. Then we evaluated the accuracy of the two GFR formulas. Results: Among the CKD stage 1 patients, the bias of the CKD-EPI 2009 formula was smaller than that of the Modified MDRD formula (13.9911.45;20.1815.90);both formulas were weakly correlated with the gold standard (correlation coefficients were 0.216, 0.229, P<0.01, respectively);The probability that the bias of the calculated value of the CKD-EPI 2009 formula less than 15%, 30%, and 50% of the gold standard value is smaller. Among the CKD stage 2 patients, the bias of the CKD-EPI 2009 formula was smaller than that of the Modified MDRD formula (12.748.45;15.6811.01);both formulas were moderately correlated with the gold standard (correlation coefficients were 0.568, 0.581, P<0.01, respectively);The probability that the bias of the calculated value of the CKD-EPI 2009 formula less than 15%, 30%, and 50% of the gold standard value is smaller. Among the CKD stage 3 patients, the bias of the CKD-EPI 2009 formula was smaller than that of the Modified MDRD formula (12.6410.27;12.8810.97), and both formulas were strongly correlated with the gold standard (correlation coefficients were 0.664, 0.670, P<0.01, respectively);The probability that the bias of the calculated value of the Modified MDRD formula less than 15%, 30%, and 50% of the gold standard value is smaller. Among the CKD stage 4 to 5 patients, the bias of the CKD-EPI 2009 formula was smaller than that of the Modified MDRD formula (5.585.36;5.945.20);The CKD-EPI 2009 formula and the Modified MDRD formula were strongly correlated with the gold standard (correlation coefficient r was 0.808. 0.802, P<0.01, respectively);The probability of the bias of the calculated value of the CKD-EPI 2009 formula less than 15%, 30%, and 50% of the gold standard value is smaller. In patients with decreased renal function with GFR <60 ml/min, the sensitivity and positive predictive value of the CKD-EPI 2009 formula for the diagnosis of "decreased renal function"were higher, and the specificity was comparable. Conclusion: 1. When the renal function is only slightly decreased, the accuracy of the two formulas is not good. In this condition, the CKD-EPI 2009 formula is more accurate and recommended. 2. It is necessary to further improve the current formulas especialy when it comes to value the slightly declined renal function;3. When we try to identify the stage of CKD patients, only based on eGFR may cause misclassification, it is recommended to combine the cause-GFR-albuminuria staging to assess the stage of CKD;4. The current formulas have limitations.in the case that requires a highly accurate assessment of GFR, the 99mTc-DTPA dual plasma method is recommended.
