Background As the population in China rapidly ages,the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment(MCI)is increasing considerably.However,the causes of MCI vary.The continued lack of understanding of the various subtypes ...Background As the population in China rapidly ages,the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment(MCI)is increasing considerably.However,the causes of MCI vary.The continued lack of understanding of the various subtypes of MCI impedes the implementation of effective measures to reduce the risk of advancing to more severe cognitive diseases.Aims To estimate the prevalence and incidence rates of two MCI subtypes—amnestic MCI(aMCI)and vascular cognitive impairment without dementia(VCIND)—and to determine modifiable factors for them among older individuals in a multiregional Chinese cohort.Method This 1-year longitudinal study surveyed a random sample of participants aged≥60 years from a large,community-dwelling cohort in China.Baseline lifestyle data were self-reported,while vascular and comorbid conditions were obtained from medical records and physical examinations.In total,3514 and 2051 individuals completed the baseline and 1-year follow-up assessments,respectively.Logistic and linear regression analyses were used to identify the modifiable factors for MCI subtypes and predictors of cognitive decline,respectively.Results Among our participants,aMCI and VCIND demonstrated prevalence of 14.83%and 2.71%,respectively,and annual incidence(per 1000 person-years)of 69.6 and 10.6,respectively.The risk factor for aMCI was age,whereas its protective factors were high education level,tea consumption and physical activity.Moreover,VCIND risk factors were age,hypertension and depression.The presence of endocrine disease,cerebral trauma or hypertension was associated with a faster decline in cognition over 1 year.Conclusions MCI is a serious health problem in China that will only worsen as the population ages if no widespread interventions are implemented.Preventive strategies that promote brain activity and support healthy lifestyle choices are required.We identified modifiable factors for MCI in older individuals.The easy-to-adopt solutions such as tea consumption and physical activity can aid in preventing MCI.展开更多
Introduction: Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors contribute to the significant rise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), most notably cardiovascular disease (CVD), in the Pacific Island nations. The aim of thi...Introduction: Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors contribute to the significant rise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), most notably cardiovascular disease (CVD), in the Pacific Island nations. The aim of this study is to review previously published articles to understand common modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors of CVD among Pacific countries. Methods: This systematic review is conducted using different databases including;Scopus, Medline, EMBASE, and psycINFO. This systematic review is based on the Cochrane review process. All articles published in the English language from 1<sup>st</sup> January 2000 to 1<sup>st</sup> September 2016, will be included in the study. After reviewing all of the articles’ titles, abstracts, and full text, the final articles were reviewed and the relevant data was included in the data extraction sheet. A descriptive analysis was conducted to measure the common risk factors of CVD in Pacific countries. Results: Overall, 45 articles met the inclusion criteria of the study. The results showed that age was the most common non-modifiable risk factor while diabetes, high blood lipid, and high blood pressure were the most common modifiable risk factors of CVD. There were only three interventional studies which had all of the significant influences in reducing the risk factors of CVD when the results were compared with the control group. Conclusion: While it is not possible to change the non-modifiable risk factors for CVD, we encourage policy makers to use the results of this study to develop health promotion strategies to address the modifiable risk factors for CVD. Interventional strategies are highly recommended in the Pacific countries to tackle the modifiable risk factors for CVD.展开更多
This paper presents a method for creating modificable quartic and quintic curves with shape parameters. The curves can achieve C 2 even C 3 continuity and unify both interpolation and approximation to the control poin...This paper presents a method for creating modificable quartic and quintic curves with shape parameters. The curves can achieve C 2 even C 3 continuity and unify both interpolation and approximation to the control points without solving a system of equations or inserting additional control points. They have the local properties like the cubic B spline. Besides, the quintic curve would be able globally to tend the control polygon.展开更多
<strong>Introduction:</strong> Type 2 diabetes is a major public health problem worldwide. This study aimed at identifying modifiable behavioral risk factors associated with biological factors in people at...<strong>Introduction:</strong> Type 2 diabetes is a major public health problem worldwide. This study aimed at identifying modifiable behavioral risk factors associated with biological factors in people at risk of type 2 diabetes which could be targeted in the design and implementation of appropriate interventions to prevent the disease. <strong>Methods:</strong> 180 subjects at risk of type 2 diabetes (aged 15 - 60 years) were identified and selected at random during a preliminary survey conducted in two groups of villages in northeastern Benin. The study took part on August 2017. Questionnaires were administered to consenting subjects;anthropometric measurements taken and blood samples withdrawn. Blood samples were subjected to biochemical testing according to standard protocols. <strong>Results:</strong> Data was obtained from 180 subjects at risk of type 2 diabetes. The average age of the subjects was 42.76 ± 11.30 years. Multivariate analysis showed inadequate dietary intake score, low physical activity and tobacco use as behavioral factors significantly associated with high waist circumference, high blood sugar, low HDL cholesterol, high triglyceride levels and high body fat percentage. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> There is a possible association between biological and behavioral risk factors.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common type of primary liver cancer.However,no previous studies systematically provided global HCC burden and population attributable fractions(PAFs)of major risk factors for H...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common type of primary liver cancer.However,no previous studies systematically provided global HCC burden and population attributable fractions(PAFs)of major risk factors for HCC at the global,regional,subregional,and national levels.We conducted a population-based study to assess the global burden of HCC and the contribution of nine modifiable risk factors.We used data from GLOBOCAN 2022,CI5,GBD 2021,and other large-scale data sources.We categorized nine major modifiable risk factors as infections(hepatitis B or C virus[HBV,HCV],or C.sinensis),metabolic factors(obesity,type 2 diabetes mellitus,and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease[MASLD]),and behavioral/toxic factors(high alcohol use,smoking,and aflatoxin B1).In 2022,globally,there were 684,659 new HCC cases and 597,434 deaths,with the highest age-standardized rates observed in Eastern Asia and Northern Africa.An estimated 78.4%(536,571/684,659)of global HCC cases were attributable to the evaluated risk factors,with 82.5%in Asia and 60.4%in America.Infections contributed most worldwide(65.9%),followed by behavioral/toxic risk factors(22.4%)and metabolic factors(19.7%).Region-specific predominant risk factors included HBV in Eastern Asia(72.5%),HCV in Northern Africa(43.9%),smoking in Northern America(24.5%),and high alcohol use in Western Europe(24.9%).Between 1990 and 2022,infection and behavioral/toxic factors declined globally,whereas metabolic factors steadily increased.The substantial variations in HCC burden and PAF across regions highlight the importance of tailored,region-specific preventive interventions to address the varying modifiable risk factors.展开更多
Background The potential modifiable factors influencing irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)have not been thoroughly documented.We aimed to systematically investigate the modifiable factors associated with IBS,while accounti...Background The potential modifiable factors influencing irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)have not been thoroughly documented.We aimed to systematically investigate the modifiable factors associated with IBS,while accounting for the impact of unobserved confounders and coexisting disorders.Methods Genetic correlation and Mendelian randomisation(MR)analyses were integrated to identify potential modifiable factors and coexisting disorders linked to IBS.Subsequently,multiresponse MR(MR2)was employed to further examine these associations.Summary-level genome-wide association data were used.Modifiable factors and coexisting disorders(ie,gastrointestinal and psychiatric disorders)were identified based on evidence from cohort studies and meta-analysis.In all analyses,IBS was the primary outcome,while in the MR2 analysis,coexisting disorders were also treated as outcomes alongside IBS.Results Most identified modifiable factors and coexisting disorders exhibited genetic correlations with IBS.MR analyses revealed strong causation between IBS and multisite chronic pain(OR=2.20,95%CI 1.82 to 2.66),gastro-oesophageal reflux disease(OR=1.31,95%CI 1.23 to 1.39),well-being spectrum(OR=0.17,95%CI 0.13 to 0.21),life satisfaction(OR=0.31,95%CI 0.25 to 0.38),positive affect(OR=0.30,95%CI 0.24 to 0.37),neuroticism score(OR=1.20,95%CI 1.16 to 1.25)and depression(OR=1.50,95%CI 1.37 to 1.66).Additionally,smoking,alcohol frequency,college or university degree,intelligence,childhood maltreatment,frailty index,diverticular disease of the intestine and schizophrenia were suggestively associated with IBS.Robust associations were found between multisite chronic pain and both IBS and coexisting disorders.Conclusions Our study identified a comprehensive array of potential modifiable factors and coexisting disorders associated with IBS,supported by genetic evidence,including genetic correlation and multiple MR analyses.The presence of multisite chronic pain may offer a promising avenue for the concurrent prevention of IBS and its coexisting disorders.展开更多
Children often present to pediatric and primary care settings with nonspecific complaints,such as persistent tiredness,low energy,or general malaise.These symptoms are commonly attributed to psychological stressors,ir...Children often present to pediatric and primary care settings with nonspecific complaints,such as persistent tiredness,low energy,or general malaise.These symptoms are commonly attributed to psychological stressors,irregular sleep patterns,or behavioral concerns.However,an emerging body of literature suggests that nutritional factors—particularly vitamin D insufficiency—may represent an underrecognized but reversible cause of fatigue in this group.Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent worldwide,especially among children with limited sun exposure or dietary intake.Despite being largely preventable,hypovitaminosis D often goes unrecognized,especially in children living in high-latitude regions or those whose sun exposure is restricted by lifestyle,clothing,or skin pigmentation.In children with unexplained fatigue,clinicians may miss an opportunity to diagnose and address vitamin D deficiency,thereby improving quality of life through simple intervention.展开更多
Accurate identification of spatial patterns and risk factors of disease occurrence is crucial for public health interventions.However,the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem(MAUP)poses challenges in disease modelling by imp...Accurate identification of spatial patterns and risk factors of disease occurrence is crucial for public health interventions.However,the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem(MAUP)poses challenges in disease modelling by impacting the reliability of statistical inferences drawn from spatially aggregated data.This study examines the effect of MAUP on ecological model inference using locally and overseas-acquired COVID-19 case data from 2020 to 2023 in Queensland,Australia.Bayesian spatial Besag-York-Mollié(BYM)models were applied across four Statistical Area(SA)levels,as defined by the Australian Statistical Geography Standard,with and without covariates:Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas(SEIFA)and overseas-acquired(OA)COVID-19 cases.OA COVID-19 cases were also considered a response variable in our study.Results indicated that finer spatial scales(SA1 and SA2)captured localized patterns and significant spatial autocorrelation,while coarser levels(SA3 and SA4)smoothed spatial variability,masking potential outbreak clusters.Incorporating SEIFA as a covariate in locally-acquired(LA)cases reduced spatial autocorrelation in residuals,effectively capturing socioeconomic disparities.Conversely,OA cases showed limited effectiveness in reducing autocorrelation at finer scales.For LA cases,higher socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with increased COVID-19 incidence at finer scales,but this association became non-significant at coarser scales.OA cases showed significant positive association with higher SEIFA scores at finer scales.Model parameters displayed narrower credible intervals at finer scales,indicating greater precision,while coarser levels had increased uncertainty.SA2 emerged as an arguably optimal scale,striking a balance between spatial resolution,model stability,and interpretability.To improve inference on COVID-19 incidence,it is recommended to use data from both SA1 and SA2 levels to leverage their respective strengths.The findings emphasize the importance of selecting appropriate spatial scales and covariates or evaluating the inferential impacts of multiple scales,to address MAUP to facilitate more reliable spatial analysis.The study advocates exploring intermediate aggregation levels and multi-scale approaches to better capture nuanced disease dynamics and extend these analyses across Australia and replicating in other countries with low population densities to enhance generalizability.展开更多
This study fully addressed the modifiable areal unit problem （MAUP） that was well-known in geography but generally ignored by safety analysis. The basic issue of MAUP was introduced firstly with a case study to expl...This study fully addressed the modifiable areal unit problem （MAUP） that was well-known in geography but generally ignored by safety analysis. The basic issue of MAUP was introduced firstly with a case study to explicitly demonstrate the existence of the problem in macro level crash modeling, and then four potential strategies, i.e., using disaggregate data as possible, capturing spatial non-stationarity, designing optimal zoning systems, conducting sensitivity analysis to report the scope and magnitude of MAUP, were proposed and illustrated in an integrated way, followed by the future research directions. Results revealed that more efforts are desired to calibrate the state-of-art modeling technique at various levels of aggregation based on spatial homogeneity in traffic safety, transport characteristics, and demographical factors. The awareness of this problem in traffic safety domain is expected to the delineation of basic spatial units （e.g. the traffic safety analysis zones）, as well as to provide new insights into the nature of MAUP in statistics and geography.展开更多
This study employed integrated multi-omics approaches to elucidate,from the perspective of amino acid metabolism,the adaptive mechanism of Penicillium digitatum under modified atmosphere packaging(MAP)conditions.Compa...This study employed integrated multi-omics approaches to elucidate,from the perspective of amino acid metabolism,the adaptive mechanism of Penicillium digitatum under modified atmosphere packaging(MAP)conditions.Comparative analysis of natural air(Air),controlled atmosphere(CA),and MAP treatments revealed that MAP upregulated the expression of the hercynylcysteine S-oxide synthase(HCSOS),aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH),and monoamine oxidase(MAO)genes,thereby enhancing histidine-derived ergothioneine and methionine levels,and subsequently boosting glutathione-mediated redox homeostasis.Meanwhile,MAP induced the expression of the dihydroxyacid dehydratase(DHAD),saccharopine dehydrogenase(SDH),and arginosuccinate lyase(ASL)genes,redirecting valine,lysine,and arginine into the tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle to fuel ATP production.MAP also enhanced ASL-mediated arginine degradation and urea cycle activity,reducing arginine accumulation when compared to CA treatment.In contrast,while MAP induced upregulated expression of the pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase(P5CDH)and D-amino acid oxidase(DAAO)genes,CA treatment promoted proline accumulation,reflecting stress-specific metabolic flexibility.Collectively,these findings demonstrate that MAP triggers transcriptional reprogramming of amino acid metabolism to coordinate oxidative defense,energy generation,and osmotic balance.By modulating these metabolic pathways and regulatory genes under MAP conditions,fungal adaptability can be disrupted.Hence,this study provides a promising strategy for suppressing green mold development,extending the postharvest shelf life,and improving the quality of fruits and vegetables.展开更多
The addition of high-content crumb rubber(HCCR)in asphalt can effectively address waste tire pollution and provide sustainable environmental and economic advantages.However,the practical application of conventional ru...The addition of high-content crumb rubber(HCCR)in asphalt can effectively address waste tire pollution and provide sustainable environmental and economic advantages.However,the practical application of conventional rubberized binders is significantly limited by high viscosity and poor storage stability.To address these issues,researchers have pretreated crumb rubber(CR)with oil,but high-temperature performance remains insufficient.Therefore,this study aimed to optimize the viscosity,storage stability,and rheological properties of high-content crumb rubber-modified asphalt(HCCRMA)by varying the pretreatment levels of CR and incorporating various additives,including styrene-butadiene-styrene(SBS),deoiled asphalt(DA),or recycled low-density polyethylene(RLDPE).In addition,CR was pretreated with waste cooking oil(WCO)at various ratios,pre-swelling temperatures,and times.The results show that DA exhibits excellent storage stability and lower viscosity compared with other modifiers in HCCRMA,and the 4%RLDPE with pretreated HCCR has the greatest high-temperature rutting resistance.The inclusion of RLDPE increases the stiffness and elasticity of the modified asphalt,which results in greater high-temperature performance.Additionally,the fluorescence microscopy(FM)test confirms that SBS exhibits better dispersion than other modifiers and forms a more homogeneous phase separation in the HCCRMA.All in all,this research achieved an optimal balance of storage stability and rheological properties in asphalt modified with pretreated HCCR and 6%SBS,which provides a valuable reference for performance improvement of HCCR-modified binders.展开更多
Flubendiamide is a commonly used pesticide with low water solubility and a high organic carbon sorption constant,causing it to adhere to soil particles and negatively impact soil ecosystems.First,chili plant stems,typ...Flubendiamide is a commonly used pesticide with low water solubility and a high organic carbon sorption constant,causing it to adhere to soil particles and negatively impact soil ecosystems.First,chili plant stems,typically discarded after the harvest season,represent an abundant local biomass resource with significant potential for utilization,and were converted into biochar through pyrolysis.Here,we describe the synthesis of biochar modified with iron and chitosan to increase the diversity of functions and surface functional groups of biochar.The resulting chitosan-modified magnetic biochar(CMBC)presents a full range of functional groups of chitosan and iron oxide as shown by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.The correlation between flubendiamide concentration and the dose of biochar on adsorption was explored.The flubendiamide adsorption efficiency of CMBC(1%mass ratio of soil)reached 68.03%in 90 min.The highest adsorption capacity achieved was 0.95 mg·g^(−1).The flubendiamide adsorption mechanism by CMBC can be described with a pseudo-second-order kinetic model.The experiment data closely fit a Freundlich isotherm model(R^(2)=0.998),and the low residual sum of squares values demonstrate the high model applicability.In this study,we present a comprehensive overview of pesticides,alongside kinetic and isotherm model studies of flubendiamide adsorption by CMBC.We emphasize the potential of modified biochar to enhance environmental remediation applications.展开更多
Background:The development of relevant and robust large animal models of hepatocellular carcinoma is needed to test new therapeutic strategies for this disease.Transgenic approaches hold promise in addressing this com...Background:The development of relevant and robust large animal models of hepatocellular carcinoma is needed to test new therapeutic strategies for this disease.Transgenic approaches hold promise in addressing this complex problem.One such model,the Oncopig,has been reported to develop tumors of up to 4 cm in diameter within 7-14 days at sites of in situ vector inoculation.However,the resulting lesions reportedly contained an extensive inflammatory component that has not been evaluated in detail.Methods:Herein,we describe our results from multiparametric characterization of the lesions generated using liver biopsy cores incubated in vector solution and re-placed in the tissue.The study consisted of 3 animals in 3 cohorts(total of 9 animals)that were evaluated at 14,21,and 28 days.CT imaging,immunohistochemistry,multiplex immunofluorescence,and comprehensive blood analyses were used to quantify composition of the hepatic masses that developed following AdCre inoculation.Results:The tumors were hypovascular on CT and predominantly composed of CD45+cells with a strong lymphohistiocytic component,with no carcinomas identified.Ki-67 staining showed proliferation of CD45+immune cells but no neoplastic component.To provide further insight,the results are evaluated in the context of tumor growth kinetics.Conclusion:While progress has been made in generating targetable lesions,achieving a robust large animal model of liver cancer that faithfully recapitulates the human disease remains a challenging goal.展开更多
Our analysis is particularly motivated by its relevance to understanding compact object instabilities,gravitational collapse thresholds,and the formation of dense structures under the influence of modified gravity the...Our analysis is particularly motivated by its relevance to understanding compact object instabilities,gravitational collapse thresholds,and the formation of dense structures under the influence of modified gravity theories.The interplay of anisotropic pressures,perturbative dynamics,and modified gravity contributions offers insight into both the stable configuration of dense fluids and the mechanisms leading to dynamical instability.Such considerations directly contribute to the aims of high energy density profiles,particularly in modeling physical systems where extreme pressure,curvature,and matter interactions co-exist.We consider an axially symmetric,dense structure with anisotropic matter content and employ a specific equation of state(EoS)to examine the interplay between static and dynamic quantities via the adiabatic index.To address the complex dynamics of the collapse process,a perturbative scheme is utilized under Newtonian and post-Newtonian approximations,enabling a detailed examination of the stability and structural evolution of the system under the influence of the considered minimally coupled gravity.Our results demonstrate that hydrostatic equilibrium is maintained when effective pressure,gravitational,and anti-gravitational forces are balanced,while deviations from this balance initiate dynamical instability.Graphical representations of stable and unstable regimes are presented,revealing how the choice of gravity functions significantly affects the outcome.This work provides insight into the behavior of dense,self-gravitating configurations under modified gravity,offering broader implications for the modeling of compact astrophysical objects and contributing to the understanding of gravitational collapse in energy density regimes.展开更多
The rapid increase in traffic loads and frequencies has rendered conventional asphalt pavement inadequate to maintain its durability under tropical climates.This challenge has necessitated the exploration of new sourc...The rapid increase in traffic loads and frequencies has rendered conventional asphalt pavement inadequate to maintain its durability under tropical climates.This challenge has necessitated the exploration of new sources of modified asphalt with enhanced stiffness and superior performance at high temperatures.Natural rubber(NR)is a renewable biopolymer that has received growing interest as a modifier for asphalt binders.Cup lump rubber(CLR),a type of NR,is used to enhance asphalt properties and improve the performance of road pavements.This study evaluates the influence of wax-based surfactants(WS)on CLR-modified asphalt binder(CMB).The assessment focuses on changes in chemical characteristics,rheological behaviour,activation energy,and morphology.Four concentrations of WS(0.1%,0.15%,0.2%,and 0.25%)were incorporated into CMB.Analysis of CMB chemical changes showed that viscosity increased due to higher sulfoxide,carbonyl,and aromatic bond indices.These chemical modifications contributed to improved resistance of the binder to heat-induced deterioration.In both unaged and aged CMB samples,the incorporation of WS reduced the sulfoxide index of the binder.Rheological analysis indicated that CMB improved rutting resistance and anti-ageing performance,while WS further enhanced fatigue resistance.Activation energy analysis suggested that the combination of CMB with 0.15%WS produced the most favourable enhancement.Micrograph results showed that WS improved binder homogeneity and interconnectivity.In conclusion,the findings indicated that incorporating 0.15%WS into CMB enhanced the performance and durability of the asphalt pavement.展开更多
Background:Home accessibility modifi cations are crucial for promoting independent living and quality of life among persons with disabilities.While developed countries have established comprehensive policy frameworks,...Background:Home accessibility modifi cations are crucial for promoting independent living and quality of life among persons with disabilities.While developed countries have established comprehensive policy frameworks,developing nations like China face unique challenges in program design and implementation.Objective:This study conducts a systematic comparative analysis of home accessibility modification policies across China,Japan,Germany,and Sweden,identifying key policy dimensions and proposing evidence-based recommendations for strengthening China’s policy framework.Methods:We employed a multi-dimensional analytical framework examining legislative foundations,eligibility criteria,funding mechanisms,and service delivery models.Data were collected from primary legislation,governmental regulations,official statistics,and peer-reviewed literature.Results:Significant cross-national variations exist in policy approaches.Japan and Germany utilize social insurance models with standardized assessments,Sweden adopts a universal rights-based approach,while China employs a targeted assistance model focused on economically disadvantaged households.China completed 1.28 million household renovations during its 14th Five-Year Plan,demonstrating strong implementation capacity;future policy refi nement could draw on international experience to strengthen assessment standardization,broaden eff ective coverage,and improve the sustainability of fi nancing.Conclusions:China can benefi t from international experience in developing standardized assessment protocols,diversifying funding mechanisms,and establishing professional service delivery systems,while acknowledging contextual constraints unique to developing country settings.展开更多
Acid is commonly used to separate phosphorus-containing solid solutions from steelmaking slag.However,the acid leaching solution obtained from this process cannot be directly utilized and thus requires purification.Th...Acid is commonly used to separate phosphorus-containing solid solutions from steelmaking slag.However,the acid leaching solution obtained from this process cannot be directly utilized and thus requires purification.The effect of different conditions on the calcium and iron removal characteristics of modified steelmaking slag leaching solution was investigated.Additionally,the removal mechanism was analyzed by thermodynamic calculations.The results indicated that the addition of soybean straw ash in steelmaking slag modification enabled K_(2)O to enter the phosphorus-containing solid solution,promoting phosphorus enrichment.Valuable elements such as phosphorus and potassium were more easily dissolved in the mixed acid.The oxalic acid concentration had a significant effect on the calcium removal rate,whereas the effects of temperature,stirring rate,and time on the calcium removal rate were minor.The main component of the calcium removal precipitate was CaC_(2)O_(4)·H_(2)O,with a removal rate up to 94.48%.During the iron removal process,when the pH value of the solution was low,Fe^(3+)mainly reacted to form the iron hydroxide precipitate for removal.Increasing the pH value of the solution would cause Fe^(3+)to combine with H_(2)PO_(4)^(-),forming FePO_(4)·2H_(2)O precipitate,leading to a reduction in the phosphorus content of the leaching solution.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To elucidate the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of modified Shoutai pills(改良寿胎丸,MSTP)in miscarriages,we performed transcriptome sequencing on the decidua and placental tissues of pregnancy mice.METHODS:Th...OBJECTIVE:To elucidate the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of modified Shoutai pills(改良寿胎丸,MSTP)in miscarriages,we performed transcriptome sequencing on the decidua and placental tissues of pregnancy mice.METHODS:The therapeutic effects and antiinflammatory mechanisms of MSTP were studied in mice with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced miscarriage.First,the effects of MSTP on pregnancy outcomes and the maternal-fetal interface,in LPS-induced miscarriage mice were examined.RNA sequencing was used to further investigate gene expression changes in LPS-induced miscarriage mice and to assess the effects of MSTP intervention.Finally,the expression levels of inflammation-related genes in the decidua and placental tissues were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(q RT-PCR).RESULTS:A high dose of MSTP significantly decreased the resorption rate(P<0.05)and reduced apoptosis of the decidua and placental tissues in mice.Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses showed that inflammatory and immune-related signals were enriched.q RT-PCR results confirmed that in decidual and placental tissues,MSTP reduced the gene expression levels of toll-like receptor 4(TLR4),nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB),c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1,p38,and tumor necrosis factor-α.CONCLUSIONS:In this study,we demonstrated that MSTP effectively prevented embryo loss with an antiinflammatory mechanism through downregulation of the TLR4-NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway,in LPS-induced miscarriage mice model.To our knowledge,this is the first study to reveal the therapeutic mechanism of MSTP in LPS-induced miscarriage in mice.展开更多
Simultaneous uranium recovery,organic pollutant degradation,and electricity generation were achieved by employing a self-driven photoelectrochemical(PEC)system equipped with a modified carbon felt(MCF)cathode for the ...Simultaneous uranium recovery,organic pollutant degradation,and electricity generation were achieved by employing a self-driven photoelectrochemical(PEC)system equipped with a modified carbon felt(MCF)cathode for the treatment of complex radioactive wastewater.The MCF cathode was synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method,which modified the surface functional groups on carbon felt(CF)with enhanced active site availability and facilitated interfacial charge transfer,thus improving its UO_(2)^(2+)adsorption and reduction capacities.The self-driven PEC system with the MCF cathode demonstrated remarkable removal efficiencies and rate constants(k)for UO_(2)^(2+)(98.8%and 0.111 min^(−1))and chlortetracycline hydrochloride(CTC)(92.9%and 0.028 min^(−1))within 40 min and 90 min,respectively,coupled with an excellent power output of 1.41 mW/cm^(2).Additionally,the system with the MCF cathode exhibited superior removal performance for UO_(2)^(2+)and CTC in treating model complex wastewater under wide conditions.Even under natural sunlight,the system achieved over 80%removal efficiency for both UO_(2)^(2+)and CTC.Moreover,the uranium immobilized on the MCF cathode was mainly reduced to U(Ⅳ)species(90.51%),and performance remained robust over ten operational cycles.The cathode surface modification strategy and its application in the system provide a cost-effective,multi-functional and high-efficiency approach to controlling nuclides and organic pollutants in complex radioactive wastewater.展开更多
Coiled tube heat exchangers are widely preferred in shell structures due to their superior heat transfer performance,driven by favorable flow characteristics.This study investigates the effect of modifying coil and sh...Coiled tube heat exchangers are widely preferred in shell structures due to their superior heat transfer performance,driven by favorable flow characteristics.This study investigates the effect of modifying coil and shell configurations on heat transfer efficiency.Two key enhancements were examined:adding fins to the outer coil surface and integrating longitudinal slots within a hollowed shell.These modifications promote turbulence and extend heat transfer duration,thereby improving performance.However,they also introduce challenges,including increased pressure loss andmanufacturing complexity.Numerical simulationswere conducted usingANSYS Fluent 2024R1 under identical boundary conditions.With a fixed cold-side flow rate of 3 L/min,the input temperatures for the hot and cold fluids were 333.15 and 291.65 K,respectively.The hot-side flow rate varied between 2 and 6 L/min.Simulation outcomes were reported for the objectives of the study that included the improvement in heat exchangers’heat transfer enhancement.As it was indicated in the study outcomes,the average heat transfer rate increased by 15.56%,the overall heat transfer coefficient enhanced by about 29.51%,and the convective heat transfer coefficient improved by about 75.96%compared to the conventional shell-and-coil tube heat exchanger model.However,the modified technique resulted in a significant pressure drop.展开更多
基金supported by the Major Project of Wuxi Municipal Health Commission[grant number:Z202406]the Jiangsu Commission of Health Program[grant number:M2024010]+3 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program[grant number:2022YFC3600600]the China Ministry of Science and Technology grants[grant number:2009BAI77B03]the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission-Gaofeng Clinical Medicine Grant Support[grant number:20172029]the Innovative Research Team of High-level Local Universities in Shanghai[grant number:ZDCX20211201].
文摘Background As the population in China rapidly ages,the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment(MCI)is increasing considerably.However,the causes of MCI vary.The continued lack of understanding of the various subtypes of MCI impedes the implementation of effective measures to reduce the risk of advancing to more severe cognitive diseases.Aims To estimate the prevalence and incidence rates of two MCI subtypes—amnestic MCI(aMCI)and vascular cognitive impairment without dementia(VCIND)—and to determine modifiable factors for them among older individuals in a multiregional Chinese cohort.Method This 1-year longitudinal study surveyed a random sample of participants aged≥60 years from a large,community-dwelling cohort in China.Baseline lifestyle data were self-reported,while vascular and comorbid conditions were obtained from medical records and physical examinations.In total,3514 and 2051 individuals completed the baseline and 1-year follow-up assessments,respectively.Logistic and linear regression analyses were used to identify the modifiable factors for MCI subtypes and predictors of cognitive decline,respectively.Results Among our participants,aMCI and VCIND demonstrated prevalence of 14.83%and 2.71%,respectively,and annual incidence(per 1000 person-years)of 69.6 and 10.6,respectively.The risk factor for aMCI was age,whereas its protective factors were high education level,tea consumption and physical activity.Moreover,VCIND risk factors were age,hypertension and depression.The presence of endocrine disease,cerebral trauma or hypertension was associated with a faster decline in cognition over 1 year.Conclusions MCI is a serious health problem in China that will only worsen as the population ages if no widespread interventions are implemented.Preventive strategies that promote brain activity and support healthy lifestyle choices are required.We identified modifiable factors for MCI in older individuals.The easy-to-adopt solutions such as tea consumption and physical activity can aid in preventing MCI.
文摘Introduction: Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors contribute to the significant rise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), most notably cardiovascular disease (CVD), in the Pacific Island nations. The aim of this study is to review previously published articles to understand common modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors of CVD among Pacific countries. Methods: This systematic review is conducted using different databases including;Scopus, Medline, EMBASE, and psycINFO. This systematic review is based on the Cochrane review process. All articles published in the English language from 1<sup>st</sup> January 2000 to 1<sup>st</sup> September 2016, will be included in the study. After reviewing all of the articles’ titles, abstracts, and full text, the final articles were reviewed and the relevant data was included in the data extraction sheet. A descriptive analysis was conducted to measure the common risk factors of CVD in Pacific countries. Results: Overall, 45 articles met the inclusion criteria of the study. The results showed that age was the most common non-modifiable risk factor while diabetes, high blood lipid, and high blood pressure were the most common modifiable risk factors of CVD. There were only three interventional studies which had all of the significant influences in reducing the risk factors of CVD when the results were compared with the control group. Conclusion: While it is not possible to change the non-modifiable risk factors for CVD, we encourage policy makers to use the results of this study to develop health promotion strategies to address the modifiable risk factors for CVD. Interventional strategies are highly recommended in the Pacific countries to tackle the modifiable risk factors for CVD.
文摘This paper presents a method for creating modificable quartic and quintic curves with shape parameters. The curves can achieve C 2 even C 3 continuity and unify both interpolation and approximation to the control points without solving a system of equations or inserting additional control points. They have the local properties like the cubic B spline. Besides, the quintic curve would be able globally to tend the control polygon.
文摘<strong>Introduction:</strong> Type 2 diabetes is a major public health problem worldwide. This study aimed at identifying modifiable behavioral risk factors associated with biological factors in people at risk of type 2 diabetes which could be targeted in the design and implementation of appropriate interventions to prevent the disease. <strong>Methods:</strong> 180 subjects at risk of type 2 diabetes (aged 15 - 60 years) were identified and selected at random during a preliminary survey conducted in two groups of villages in northeastern Benin. The study took part on August 2017. Questionnaires were administered to consenting subjects;anthropometric measurements taken and blood samples withdrawn. Blood samples were subjected to biochemical testing according to standard protocols. <strong>Results:</strong> Data was obtained from 180 subjects at risk of type 2 diabetes. The average age of the subjects was 42.76 ± 11.30 years. Multivariate analysis showed inadequate dietary intake score, low physical activity and tobacco use as behavioral factors significantly associated with high waist circumference, high blood sugar, low HDL cholesterol, high triglyceride levels and high body fat percentage. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> There is a possible association between biological and behavioral risk factors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82473715)Noncommunicable Chronic DiseaseNational Science and Technology Major Project(2024ZD0525401 and 2023ZD0500100)3-year public health program of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(GWVI-11.1-10).
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common type of primary liver cancer.However,no previous studies systematically provided global HCC burden and population attributable fractions(PAFs)of major risk factors for HCC at the global,regional,subregional,and national levels.We conducted a population-based study to assess the global burden of HCC and the contribution of nine modifiable risk factors.We used data from GLOBOCAN 2022,CI5,GBD 2021,and other large-scale data sources.We categorized nine major modifiable risk factors as infections(hepatitis B or C virus[HBV,HCV],or C.sinensis),metabolic factors(obesity,type 2 diabetes mellitus,and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease[MASLD]),and behavioral/toxic factors(high alcohol use,smoking,and aflatoxin B1).In 2022,globally,there were 684,659 new HCC cases and 597,434 deaths,with the highest age-standardized rates observed in Eastern Asia and Northern Africa.An estimated 78.4%(536,571/684,659)of global HCC cases were attributable to the evaluated risk factors,with 82.5%in Asia and 60.4%in America.Infections contributed most worldwide(65.9%),followed by behavioral/toxic risk factors(22.4%)and metabolic factors(19.7%).Region-specific predominant risk factors included HBV in Eastern Asia(72.5%),HCV in Northern Africa(43.9%),smoking in Northern America(24.5%),and high alcohol use in Western Europe(24.9%).Between 1990 and 2022,infection and behavioral/toxic factors declined globally,whereas metabolic factors steadily increased.The substantial variations in HCC burden and PAF across regions highlight the importance of tailored,region-specific preventive interventions to address the varying modifiable risk factors.
基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2021M703366)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.KQTD20190929172835662)athe Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB38040200).The funders had no role in the study design,data analysis,interpretation of data,or preparation of the manuscript.
文摘Background The potential modifiable factors influencing irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)have not been thoroughly documented.We aimed to systematically investigate the modifiable factors associated with IBS,while accounting for the impact of unobserved confounders and coexisting disorders.Methods Genetic correlation and Mendelian randomisation(MR)analyses were integrated to identify potential modifiable factors and coexisting disorders linked to IBS.Subsequently,multiresponse MR(MR2)was employed to further examine these associations.Summary-level genome-wide association data were used.Modifiable factors and coexisting disorders(ie,gastrointestinal and psychiatric disorders)were identified based on evidence from cohort studies and meta-analysis.In all analyses,IBS was the primary outcome,while in the MR2 analysis,coexisting disorders were also treated as outcomes alongside IBS.Results Most identified modifiable factors and coexisting disorders exhibited genetic correlations with IBS.MR analyses revealed strong causation between IBS and multisite chronic pain(OR=2.20,95%CI 1.82 to 2.66),gastro-oesophageal reflux disease(OR=1.31,95%CI 1.23 to 1.39),well-being spectrum(OR=0.17,95%CI 0.13 to 0.21),life satisfaction(OR=0.31,95%CI 0.25 to 0.38),positive affect(OR=0.30,95%CI 0.24 to 0.37),neuroticism score(OR=1.20,95%CI 1.16 to 1.25)and depression(OR=1.50,95%CI 1.37 to 1.66).Additionally,smoking,alcohol frequency,college or university degree,intelligence,childhood maltreatment,frailty index,diverticular disease of the intestine and schizophrenia were suggestively associated with IBS.Robust associations were found between multisite chronic pain and both IBS and coexisting disorders.Conclusions Our study identified a comprehensive array of potential modifiable factors and coexisting disorders associated with IBS,supported by genetic evidence,including genetic correlation and multiple MR analyses.The presence of multisite chronic pain may offer a promising avenue for the concurrent prevention of IBS and its coexisting disorders.
文摘Children often present to pediatric and primary care settings with nonspecific complaints,such as persistent tiredness,low energy,or general malaise.These symptoms are commonly attributed to psychological stressors,irregular sleep patterns,or behavioral concerns.However,an emerging body of literature suggests that nutritional factors—particularly vitamin D insufficiency—may represent an underrecognized but reversible cause of fatigue in this group.Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent worldwide,especially among children with limited sun exposure or dietary intake.Despite being largely preventable,hypovitaminosis D often goes unrecognized,especially in children living in high-latitude regions or those whose sun exposure is restricted by lifestyle,clothing,or skin pigmentation.In children with unexplained fatigue,clinicians may miss an opportunity to diagnose and address vitamin D deficiency,thereby improving quality of life through simple intervention.
基金The National Health and Medical Research Council(NHMRC)Special Initiative in Human Health and Environmental Change(Grant No.2008937).
文摘Accurate identification of spatial patterns and risk factors of disease occurrence is crucial for public health interventions.However,the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem(MAUP)poses challenges in disease modelling by impacting the reliability of statistical inferences drawn from spatially aggregated data.This study examines the effect of MAUP on ecological model inference using locally and overseas-acquired COVID-19 case data from 2020 to 2023 in Queensland,Australia.Bayesian spatial Besag-York-Mollié(BYM)models were applied across four Statistical Area(SA)levels,as defined by the Australian Statistical Geography Standard,with and without covariates:Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas(SEIFA)and overseas-acquired(OA)COVID-19 cases.OA COVID-19 cases were also considered a response variable in our study.Results indicated that finer spatial scales(SA1 and SA2)captured localized patterns and significant spatial autocorrelation,while coarser levels(SA3 and SA4)smoothed spatial variability,masking potential outbreak clusters.Incorporating SEIFA as a covariate in locally-acquired(LA)cases reduced spatial autocorrelation in residuals,effectively capturing socioeconomic disparities.Conversely,OA cases showed limited effectiveness in reducing autocorrelation at finer scales.For LA cases,higher socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with increased COVID-19 incidence at finer scales,but this association became non-significant at coarser scales.OA cases showed significant positive association with higher SEIFA scores at finer scales.Model parameters displayed narrower credible intervals at finer scales,indicating greater precision,while coarser levels had increased uncertainty.SA2 emerged as an arguably optimal scale,striking a balance between spatial resolution,model stability,and interpretability.To improve inference on COVID-19 incidence,it is recommended to use data from both SA1 and SA2 levels to leverage their respective strengths.The findings emphasize the importance of selecting appropriate spatial scales and covariates or evaluating the inferential impacts of multiple scales,to address MAUP to facilitate more reliable spatial analysis.The study advocates exploring intermediate aggregation levels and multi-scale approaches to better capture nuanced disease dynamics and extend these analyses across Australia and replicating in other countries with low population densities to enhance generalizability.
基金Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 71371192)the Research Fund for Fok Ying Tong Education Foundation of Hong Kong (No. 142005)Science Fund for Outstanding Young Scholars of Hunan Province (No. 2015JJ1017)
文摘This study fully addressed the modifiable areal unit problem （MAUP） that was well-known in geography but generally ignored by safety analysis. The basic issue of MAUP was introduced firstly with a case study to explicitly demonstrate the existence of the problem in macro level crash modeling, and then four potential strategies, i.e., using disaggregate data as possible, capturing spatial non-stationarity, designing optimal zoning systems, conducting sensitivity analysis to report the scope and magnitude of MAUP, were proposed and illustrated in an integrated way, followed by the future research directions. Results revealed that more efforts are desired to calibrate the state-of-art modeling technique at various levels of aggregation based on spatial homogeneity in traffic safety, transport characteristics, and demographical factors. The awareness of this problem in traffic safety domain is expected to the delineation of basic spatial units （e.g. the traffic safety analysis zones）, as well as to provide new insights into the nature of MAUP in statistics and geography.
文摘This study employed integrated multi-omics approaches to elucidate,from the perspective of amino acid metabolism,the adaptive mechanism of Penicillium digitatum under modified atmosphere packaging(MAP)conditions.Comparative analysis of natural air(Air),controlled atmosphere(CA),and MAP treatments revealed that MAP upregulated the expression of the hercynylcysteine S-oxide synthase(HCSOS),aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH),and monoamine oxidase(MAO)genes,thereby enhancing histidine-derived ergothioneine and methionine levels,and subsequently boosting glutathione-mediated redox homeostasis.Meanwhile,MAP induced the expression of the dihydroxyacid dehydratase(DHAD),saccharopine dehydrogenase(SDH),and arginosuccinate lyase(ASL)genes,redirecting valine,lysine,and arginine into the tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle to fuel ATP production.MAP also enhanced ASL-mediated arginine degradation and urea cycle activity,reducing arginine accumulation when compared to CA treatment.In contrast,while MAP induced upregulated expression of the pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase(P5CDH)and D-amino acid oxidase(DAAO)genes,CA treatment promoted proline accumulation,reflecting stress-specific metabolic flexibility.Collectively,these findings demonstrate that MAP triggers transcriptional reprogramming of amino acid metabolism to coordinate oxidative defense,energy generation,and osmotic balance.By modulating these metabolic pathways and regulatory genes under MAP conditions,fungal adaptability can be disrupted.Hence,this study provides a promising strategy for suppressing green mold development,extending the postharvest shelf life,and improving the quality of fruits and vegetables.
基金supported by the Transportation Science and Technology Program of Henan Province(grant number:2023-4-2)the Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia Science and Technology Department(grant number:2022BEG02008)+2 种基金China Communications Construction Group Co.,Ltd.Science and Technology R&D Project(grant number:2021KJW02)the Research and Development Program of Henan Transportation Investment Group Co.,Ltd.(grant number:HNJT2025-1-9)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(grand number:GZC20251139).
文摘The addition of high-content crumb rubber(HCCR)in asphalt can effectively address waste tire pollution and provide sustainable environmental and economic advantages.However,the practical application of conventional rubberized binders is significantly limited by high viscosity and poor storage stability.To address these issues,researchers have pretreated crumb rubber(CR)with oil,but high-temperature performance remains insufficient.Therefore,this study aimed to optimize the viscosity,storage stability,and rheological properties of high-content crumb rubber-modified asphalt(HCCRMA)by varying the pretreatment levels of CR and incorporating various additives,including styrene-butadiene-styrene(SBS),deoiled asphalt(DA),or recycled low-density polyethylene(RLDPE).In addition,CR was pretreated with waste cooking oil(WCO)at various ratios,pre-swelling temperatures,and times.The results show that DA exhibits excellent storage stability and lower viscosity compared with other modifiers in HCCRMA,and the 4%RLDPE with pretreated HCCR has the greatest high-temperature rutting resistance.The inclusion of RLDPE increases the stiffness and elasticity of the modified asphalt,which results in greater high-temperature performance.Additionally,the fluorescence microscopy(FM)test confirms that SBS exhibits better dispersion than other modifiers and forms a more homogeneous phase separation in the HCCRMA.All in all,this research achieved an optimal balance of storage stability and rheological properties in asphalt modified with pretreated HCCR and 6%SBS,which provides a valuable reference for performance improvement of HCCR-modified binders.
基金supported by research funds of Jeonbuk National University in 2024 and partly supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF-2019R1A2C1006441)from the Ministry of Education.
文摘Flubendiamide is a commonly used pesticide with low water solubility and a high organic carbon sorption constant,causing it to adhere to soil particles and negatively impact soil ecosystems.First,chili plant stems,typically discarded after the harvest season,represent an abundant local biomass resource with significant potential for utilization,and were converted into biochar through pyrolysis.Here,we describe the synthesis of biochar modified with iron and chitosan to increase the diversity of functions and surface functional groups of biochar.The resulting chitosan-modified magnetic biochar(CMBC)presents a full range of functional groups of chitosan and iron oxide as shown by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.The correlation between flubendiamide concentration and the dose of biochar on adsorption was explored.The flubendiamide adsorption efficiency of CMBC(1%mass ratio of soil)reached 68.03%in 90 min.The highest adsorption capacity achieved was 0.95 mg·g^(−1).The flubendiamide adsorption mechanism by CMBC can be described with a pseudo-second-order kinetic model.The experiment data closely fit a Freundlich isotherm model(R^(2)=0.998),and the low residual sum of squares values demonstrate the high model applicability.In this study,we present a comprehensive overview of pesticides,alongside kinetic and isotherm model studies of flubendiamide adsorption by CMBC.We emphasize the potential of modified biochar to enhance environmental remediation applications.
基金Institutional Research Grant,MD Anderson Cancer CenterUPWARDS Training Program(Undergraduate Students Working Towards Research in Science),Grant/Award Number:1R25CA240137-01A1the CPRIT Research Training Award CPRIT Training Program,Grant/Award Number:RP210028。
文摘Background:The development of relevant and robust large animal models of hepatocellular carcinoma is needed to test new therapeutic strategies for this disease.Transgenic approaches hold promise in addressing this complex problem.One such model,the Oncopig,has been reported to develop tumors of up to 4 cm in diameter within 7-14 days at sites of in situ vector inoculation.However,the resulting lesions reportedly contained an extensive inflammatory component that has not been evaluated in detail.Methods:Herein,we describe our results from multiparametric characterization of the lesions generated using liver biopsy cores incubated in vector solution and re-placed in the tissue.The study consisted of 3 animals in 3 cohorts(total of 9 animals)that were evaluated at 14,21,and 28 days.CT imaging,immunohistochemistry,multiplex immunofluorescence,and comprehensive blood analyses were used to quantify composition of the hepatic masses that developed following AdCre inoculation.Results:The tumors were hypovascular on CT and predominantly composed of CD45+cells with a strong lymphohistiocytic component,with no carcinomas identified.Ki-67 staining showed proliferation of CD45+immune cells but no neoplastic component.To provide further insight,the results are evaluated in the context of tumor growth kinetics.Conclusion:While progress has been made in generating targetable lesions,achieving a robust large animal model of liver cancer that faithfully recapitulates the human disease remains a challenging goal.
文摘Our analysis is particularly motivated by its relevance to understanding compact object instabilities,gravitational collapse thresholds,and the formation of dense structures under the influence of modified gravity theories.The interplay of anisotropic pressures,perturbative dynamics,and modified gravity contributions offers insight into both the stable configuration of dense fluids and the mechanisms leading to dynamical instability.Such considerations directly contribute to the aims of high energy density profiles,particularly in modeling physical systems where extreme pressure,curvature,and matter interactions co-exist.We consider an axially symmetric,dense structure with anisotropic matter content and employ a specific equation of state(EoS)to examine the interplay between static and dynamic quantities via the adiabatic index.To address the complex dynamics of the collapse process,a perturbative scheme is utilized under Newtonian and post-Newtonian approximations,enabling a detailed examination of the stability and structural evolution of the system under the influence of the considered minimally coupled gravity.Our results demonstrate that hydrostatic equilibrium is maintained when effective pressure,gravitational,and anti-gravitational forces are balanced,while deviations from this balance initiate dynamical instability.Graphical representations of stable and unstable regimes are presented,revealing how the choice of gravity functions significantly affects the outcome.This work provides insight into the behavior of dense,self-gravitating configurations under modified gravity,offering broader implications for the modeling of compact astrophysical objects and contributing to the understanding of gravitational collapse in energy density regimes.
基金the financial support provided under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(FRGS),Project Code:FRGS/1/2021/TK01/USM/02/1,which made this research possible,The kind assistance and collaboration of all material suppliers were also gratefully acknowledged.Additional appreciation is extended to the Public Works Department Malaysia for the scholarship provided through the Hadiah Latihan Persekutuan programme for professional and managerial officers pursuing doctoral studies(JPA-1-840622086040)The APC was funded by Prof.Hui Yao from Beijing University of Technology.
文摘The rapid increase in traffic loads and frequencies has rendered conventional asphalt pavement inadequate to maintain its durability under tropical climates.This challenge has necessitated the exploration of new sources of modified asphalt with enhanced stiffness and superior performance at high temperatures.Natural rubber(NR)is a renewable biopolymer that has received growing interest as a modifier for asphalt binders.Cup lump rubber(CLR),a type of NR,is used to enhance asphalt properties and improve the performance of road pavements.This study evaluates the influence of wax-based surfactants(WS)on CLR-modified asphalt binder(CMB).The assessment focuses on changes in chemical characteristics,rheological behaviour,activation energy,and morphology.Four concentrations of WS(0.1%,0.15%,0.2%,and 0.25%)were incorporated into CMB.Analysis of CMB chemical changes showed that viscosity increased due to higher sulfoxide,carbonyl,and aromatic bond indices.These chemical modifications contributed to improved resistance of the binder to heat-induced deterioration.In both unaged and aged CMB samples,the incorporation of WS reduced the sulfoxide index of the binder.Rheological analysis indicated that CMB improved rutting resistance and anti-ageing performance,while WS further enhanced fatigue resistance.Activation energy analysis suggested that the combination of CMB with 0.15%WS produced the most favourable enhancement.Micrograph results showed that WS improved binder homogeneity and interconnectivity.In conclusion,the findings indicated that incorporating 0.15%WS into CMB enhanced the performance and durability of the asphalt pavement.
基金funded by the China Disabled Persons’Federation under its 2024 research project(Grant No.2024CDPFAT-47)the Yancheng Social Science Foundation(Grant No.25skB252).
文摘Background:Home accessibility modifi cations are crucial for promoting independent living and quality of life among persons with disabilities.While developed countries have established comprehensive policy frameworks,developing nations like China face unique challenges in program design and implementation.Objective:This study conducts a systematic comparative analysis of home accessibility modification policies across China,Japan,Germany,and Sweden,identifying key policy dimensions and proposing evidence-based recommendations for strengthening China’s policy framework.Methods:We employed a multi-dimensional analytical framework examining legislative foundations,eligibility criteria,funding mechanisms,and service delivery models.Data were collected from primary legislation,governmental regulations,official statistics,and peer-reviewed literature.Results:Significant cross-national variations exist in policy approaches.Japan and Germany utilize social insurance models with standardized assessments,Sweden adopts a universal rights-based approach,while China employs a targeted assistance model focused on economically disadvantaged households.China completed 1.28 million household renovations during its 14th Five-Year Plan,demonstrating strong implementation capacity;future policy refi nement could draw on international experience to strengthen assessment standardization,broaden eff ective coverage,and improve the sustainability of fi nancing.Conclusions:China can benefi t from international experience in developing standardized assessment protocols,diversifying funding mechanisms,and establishing professional service delivery systems,while acknowledging contextual constraints unique to developing country settings.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52074004 and 51604003)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2508085Y032).
文摘Acid is commonly used to separate phosphorus-containing solid solutions from steelmaking slag.However,the acid leaching solution obtained from this process cannot be directly utilized and thus requires purification.The effect of different conditions on the calcium and iron removal characteristics of modified steelmaking slag leaching solution was investigated.Additionally,the removal mechanism was analyzed by thermodynamic calculations.The results indicated that the addition of soybean straw ash in steelmaking slag modification enabled K_(2)O to enter the phosphorus-containing solid solution,promoting phosphorus enrichment.Valuable elements such as phosphorus and potassium were more easily dissolved in the mixed acid.The oxalic acid concentration had a significant effect on the calcium removal rate,whereas the effects of temperature,stirring rate,and time on the calcium removal rate were minor.The main component of the calcium removal precipitate was CaC_(2)O_(4)·H_(2)O,with a removal rate up to 94.48%.During the iron removal process,when the pH value of the solution was low,Fe^(3+)mainly reacted to form the iron hydroxide precipitate for removal.Increasing the pH value of the solution would cause Fe^(3+)to combine with H_(2)PO_(4)^(-),forming FePO_(4)·2H_(2)O precipitate,leading to a reduction in the phosphorus content of the leaching solution.
基金Supported by the‘Pioneer’R&D Program of Zhejiang:Research on Key Technologies for the Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine New Drugs(No.2023C03004)National Key Research and Development Program of China:Mechanism Study and Clinical Exploration of Electroacupuncture Promoting Immune Normalization+4 种基金Supporting the Body and Inhibiting Cancer,Synergistic Programmed Death Receptor 1/Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Monoclonal Antibody therapy for Intestinal and Biliary Tumors(No.2023YFC3504600)Zhejiang Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project:Clinical Metabolomics Based Discovery of Effective Markers for Nourishing Yin of Radix Ophiopogonis in the Treatment of Gestational Diabetes(No.GZY-ZJKJ-24076)the‘Pioneer’R&D Program of Zhejiang:Analysis of the Complex System of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Development of New Chinese Medicine Drugs-Analysis of the Complex Cross Organ Action Mode of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Anti-Coronary Heart Disease and Blood Stasis Syndrome and Development of New Drugs(No.2024C03106)Health and Medicinal Research Fund from Health Burden,Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China:Chinese Versus Western Medicine for Threatened Miscarriage:Abridged Secondary Publication(No.15160971)Transverse Research Project of Zhejiang University:Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Big Health Formula for Reproductive Health(No.2023-KYY-A070350007)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To elucidate the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of modified Shoutai pills(改良寿胎丸,MSTP)in miscarriages,we performed transcriptome sequencing on the decidua and placental tissues of pregnancy mice.METHODS:The therapeutic effects and antiinflammatory mechanisms of MSTP were studied in mice with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced miscarriage.First,the effects of MSTP on pregnancy outcomes and the maternal-fetal interface,in LPS-induced miscarriage mice were examined.RNA sequencing was used to further investigate gene expression changes in LPS-induced miscarriage mice and to assess the effects of MSTP intervention.Finally,the expression levels of inflammation-related genes in the decidua and placental tissues were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(q RT-PCR).RESULTS:A high dose of MSTP significantly decreased the resorption rate(P<0.05)and reduced apoptosis of the decidua and placental tissues in mice.Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses showed that inflammatory and immune-related signals were enriched.q RT-PCR results confirmed that in decidual and placental tissues,MSTP reduced the gene expression levels of toll-like receptor 4(TLR4),nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB),c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1,p38,and tumor necrosis factor-α.CONCLUSIONS:In this study,we demonstrated that MSTP effectively prevented embryo loss with an antiinflammatory mechanism through downregulation of the TLR4-NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway,in LPS-induced miscarriage mice model.To our knowledge,this is the first study to reveal the therapeutic mechanism of MSTP in LPS-induced miscarriage in mice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52170083 and 12305352)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(No.2022RC1125).
文摘Simultaneous uranium recovery,organic pollutant degradation,and electricity generation were achieved by employing a self-driven photoelectrochemical(PEC)system equipped with a modified carbon felt(MCF)cathode for the treatment of complex radioactive wastewater.The MCF cathode was synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method,which modified the surface functional groups on carbon felt(CF)with enhanced active site availability and facilitated interfacial charge transfer,thus improving its UO_(2)^(2+)adsorption and reduction capacities.The self-driven PEC system with the MCF cathode demonstrated remarkable removal efficiencies and rate constants(k)for UO_(2)^(2+)(98.8%and 0.111 min^(−1))and chlortetracycline hydrochloride(CTC)(92.9%and 0.028 min^(−1))within 40 min and 90 min,respectively,coupled with an excellent power output of 1.41 mW/cm^(2).Additionally,the system with the MCF cathode exhibited superior removal performance for UO_(2)^(2+)and CTC in treating model complex wastewater under wide conditions.Even under natural sunlight,the system achieved over 80%removal efficiency for both UO_(2)^(2+)and CTC.Moreover,the uranium immobilized on the MCF cathode was mainly reduced to U(Ⅳ)species(90.51%),and performance remained robust over ten operational cycles.The cathode surface modification strategy and its application in the system provide a cost-effective,multi-functional and high-efficiency approach to controlling nuclides and organic pollutants in complex radioactive wastewater.
文摘Coiled tube heat exchangers are widely preferred in shell structures due to their superior heat transfer performance,driven by favorable flow characteristics.This study investigates the effect of modifying coil and shell configurations on heat transfer efficiency.Two key enhancements were examined:adding fins to the outer coil surface and integrating longitudinal slots within a hollowed shell.These modifications promote turbulence and extend heat transfer duration,thereby improving performance.However,they also introduce challenges,including increased pressure loss andmanufacturing complexity.Numerical simulationswere conducted usingANSYS Fluent 2024R1 under identical boundary conditions.With a fixed cold-side flow rate of 3 L/min,the input temperatures for the hot and cold fluids were 333.15 and 291.65 K,respectively.The hot-side flow rate varied between 2 and 6 L/min.Simulation outcomes were reported for the objectives of the study that included the improvement in heat exchangers’heat transfer enhancement.As it was indicated in the study outcomes,the average heat transfer rate increased by 15.56%,the overall heat transfer coefficient enhanced by about 29.51%,and the convective heat transfer coefficient improved by about 75.96%compared to the conventional shell-and-coil tube heat exchanger model.However,the modified technique resulted in a significant pressure drop.
