Photheurrent behaviours of 1,1'-di linolene ferrocenyl LB films modified CdSe thin film electrode were studied by scanned laset spot method. The increase in photocurrent response of modified electrode compared to ...Photheurrent behaviours of 1,1'-di linolene ferrocenyl LB films modified CdSe thin film electrode were studied by scanned laset spot method. The increase in photocurrent response of modified electrode compared to the bare electrode was analyzed by statistical calculation. The acceleration of interfacial electron transfer by modified molecules which act as redox mediator was discussed.展开更多
The forming limit diagram plays an important role in predicting the forming limit of sheet metals.Previous studies have shown that,the method to construct the forming limit diagram based on instability theory of the o...The forming limit diagram plays an important role in predicting the forming limit of sheet metals.Previous studies have shown that,the method to construct the forming limit diagram based on instability theory of the original shear failure criterion is efective and simple.The original shear instability criterion can accurately predict the left area of the forming limit diagram but not the right area.In this study,in order to improve the accuracy of the original shear failure criterion,a modifed shear failure criterion was proposed based on in-depth analysis of the original shear failure criterion.The detailed improvement strategies of the shear failure criterion and the complete calculation process are given.Based on the modifed shear failure criterion and diferent constitutive equations,the theoretical forming limit of TRIP780 steel and 5754O aluminum alloy sheet metals are calculated.By comparing the theoretical and experimental results,it is shown that proposed modifed shear failure criterion can predict the right area of forming limit more reasonably than the original shear failure criterion.The efect of the pre-strain and constitutive equation on the forming limits are also analyzed in depth.The modifed shear failure criterion proposed in this study provides an alternative and reliable method to predict forming limit of sheet metals.展开更多
Modifed starch flms are gaining attention as biodegradable and sustainable materials in the food packaging industry.However,their inherent properties,including their brittleness and low antimicrobial and antioxidant c...Modifed starch flms are gaining attention as biodegradable and sustainable materials in the food packaging industry.However,their inherent properties,including their brittleness and low antimicrobial and antioxidant capacities,limit their extensive application.To address these shortcomings,in this study,a composite flm was developed using potato-modifed starch(PMS)as the base material,enhanced with konjac glucomannan(KGM),Pleurotus citrinopileatus polysaccharide(PCP),and nano titanium dioxide(nano TiO_(2)).Additionally,PCP and nano TiO_(2),which are bioactive components,were incorporated to improve the functional properties of the flms,promoting their application in food preservation.The optimal composition of the composite flms was determined through a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,and the best performance was achieved with 10 g/L of PCP and 1.5 g/L of nano TiO_(2).These composite flms exhibited high mechanical strength,antimicrobial capacity,and antioxidant capacity while being noncytotoxic.The practical effcacy of the composite flms was verifed by applying them to preserve fresh-cut yams at room temperature,where they effectively delayed spoilage and maintained yam quality.This study demonstrates that PMS/KGM/PCP/nano TiO2 composite flms can signifcantly enhance the shelf life of fresh produce,providing a viable route for eco-friendly food preservation.展开更多
Lactate serves as a key energy metabolite in the central nervous system,facilitating essential brain functions,including energy supply,signaling,and epigenetic modulation.Moreover,it links epigenetic modifications wit...Lactate serves as a key energy metabolite in the central nervous system,facilitating essential brain functions,including energy supply,signaling,and epigenetic modulation.Moreover,it links epigenetic modifications with metabolic reprogramming.Nonetheless,the specific mechanisms and roles of this connection in astrocytes remain unclear.Therefore,this review aims to explore the role and specific mechanisms of lactate in the metabolic reprogramming of astrocytes in the central nervous system.The close relationship between epigenetic modifications and metabolic reprogramming was discussed.Therapeutic strategies for targeting metabolic reprogramming in astrocytes in the central nervous system were also outlined to guide future research in central nervous system diseases.In the nervous system,lactate plays an essential role.However,its mechanism of action as a bridge between metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic modifications in the nervous system requires future investigation.The involvement of lactate in epigenetic modifications is currently a hot research topic,especially in lactylation modification,a key determinant in this process.Lactate also indirectly regulates various epigenetic modifications,such as N6-methyladenosine,acetylation,ubiquitination,and phosphorylation modifications,which are closely linked to several neurological disorders.In addition,exploring the clinical applications and potential therapeutic strategies of lactic acid provides new insights for future neurological disease treatments.展开更多
Aiming at the problems of insufficient activity and selectivity of Cu-based catalysts in CO_(2)hydrogenation to methanol,Al_(2)O_(3),ZrO_(2)and CeO_(2)modified Cu-ZnO catalysts by the co-precipitation method were prep...Aiming at the problems of insufficient activity and selectivity of Cu-based catalysts in CO_(2)hydrogenation to methanol,Al_(2)O_(3),ZrO_(2)and CeO_(2)modified Cu-ZnO catalysts by the co-precipitation method were prepared,and the influence mechanism of additives on the structure-performance relationship of the catalysts was systematically explored.Through a variety of characterization methods such as XRD,N2 physical adsorption-desorption,TEM,H_(2)-TPR,CO_(2)-TPD and XPS,combined with catalytic performance evaluation experiments,the correlation between the microstructure of catalysts and the reaction performance of CO_(2)hydrogenation to methanol was analyzed in depth.The results show that metal additives significantly improve the performance of catalysts.After the introduction of additives,the specific surface area and pore volume of the catalysts increase,the grain size of Cu decreases,and its dispersion improves.The Ce-modified CZC catalyst exhibited the best performance,with the grain size of CuO as small as 11.41 nm,and the surface oxygen vacancy concentration(OⅡ/OⅠ=3.15)was significantly higher than that of other samples.The reaction performance test shows that under the conditions of 2.8 MPa,8000 h−1 and 280℃,the CO_(2)conversion of the CZC catalyst reached 18.83%,the methanol selectivity was 68.40%,and the methanol yield was 12.88%,all of which are superior to other catalysts.Its excellent performance can be attributed to the fact that CeO_(2)enhances the metal-support interaction,increases the surface basicity,promotes the adsorption and activation of CO_(2),and simultaneously inhibits the reverse water-gas shift side reaction.This study clarifies the structure-activity regulation mechanism of additive modification on Cu-ZnO catalysts,providing a theoretical basis and technical reference for the development of efficient catalysts for CO_(2)hydrogenation to methanol.展开更多
As one of the most promising new energy sources,hydrogen energy is expected to usher in a full-fledged“hydrogen economy”in the 21st century.Compared with traditional high-pressure gaseous and cryogenic liquid hydrog...As one of the most promising new energy sources,hydrogen energy is expected to usher in a full-fledged“hydrogen economy”in the 21st century.Compared with traditional high-pressure gaseous and cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage methods,solid-state chemical hydrogen storage shows significant advantages in safety,high efficiency,and cost-effectiveness.Magnesium-based lightweight hydrogen storage materials have attracted widespread attention due to their high gravimetric hydrogen storage density(7.6%)and favorable reversibility.However,their sluggish reaction kinetics and stringent operating conditions(with H2 release temperatures exceeding 350°C and H2 absorption pressures above 4 MPa)pose major challenges for practical applications.Domestic and international researchers have conducted in-depth studies to address these issues,achieving substantial progress in the modification of magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloys.This paper systematically elaborates on major modification techniques such as alloying,nanostructuring,and catalytic material doping,providing a comprehensive analysis of the strengths and limitations of each approach.Furthermore,it offers prospects for the future development of magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials by integrating current theoretical and experimental research findings.展开更多
Lignin-derived oxygenated aromatics,particularly phenols and aromatic ethers obtained through depolymerization,represent promising feedstocks for synthesizing high-density and high-heat-sink aviation fuels via alkylat...Lignin-derived oxygenated aromatics,particularly phenols and aromatic ethers obtained through depolymerization,represent promising feedstocks for synthesizing high-density and high-heat-sink aviation fuels via alkylation-hydrogenation processes.This study systematically evaluates the catalytic performance of various zeolites(Hβ,HZSM-5,MCM-41 and HUSY)in the alkylation reaction of phenol with cyclohexanol.Characterization results demonstrate that HUSY zeolite showed superior catalytic activity compared to other zeolites,attributable to its favorable pore architecture and well-balanced acid site distribution that synergistically facilitate molecular diffusion and catalytic transformations.To further enhance the catalytic properties,HUSY zeolite was modified with citric acid at various concentrations and compared with those treated with NaOH and oxalic acid.The results revealed that citric acid treatment preserved the crystallinity of the zeolite while modulating its acid distribution and pore structure.All modified zeolites enhanced phenol alkylation activity.Notably,the HUSY-0.5M catalyst,which exhibited the highest medium-strong acid to total acid ratio,achieved superior catalytic performance,80.4%conversion of phenol and 99.6%selectivity for alkylation products.The catalyst also exhibited high activity in the alkylation of various lignin-derived compounds,demonstrating its broad applicability.This work provides a new strategy for the valorization of lignin-derived phenols into high-value fuel precursors through alkylation.展开更多
Platinum group metals have high melting points,strong corrosion resistance,stable chemical properties,and low oxygen permeability in high-temperature oxygen-containing environments.As thermal protective coating materi...Platinum group metals have high melting points,strong corrosion resistance,stable chemical properties,and low oxygen permeability in high-temperature oxygen-containing environments.As thermal protective coating materials,they have gained essential applications in the aerospace field and have excellent prospects for application in frontier military fields,such as protecting hot-end components of hypersonic aircraft.This research reviewed the latest research progress of platinum group metal coatings with hightemperature oxidation resistance,including coating preparation techniques,oxidation failure,and alloying modification.The leading preparation techniques of current platinum group metal coatings were discussed,as well as the advantages and disadvantages of various existing preparation techniques.Besides,the intrinsic properties,failure forms,and failure mechanisms of coatings of single platinum group metal in high-temperature oxygen-containing environments were analyzed.On this basis,the necessity,main methods,and main achievements of alloying modification of platinum group metals were summarized.Finally,the future development of platinum group coatings with high-temperature oxidation resistance was discussed and prospected.展开更多
Biomass-derived carbon materials are favored for their abundance and sustainability,and ease of preparation and modification.By surface activation and modification they can have a good electrical conductivity,excellen...Biomass-derived carbon materials are favored for their abundance and sustainability,and ease of preparation and modification.By surface activation and modification they can have a good electrical conductivity,excellent catalytic activity,a remarkable adsorption capacity,and different interfacial physicochemical functionalities.Surface-modified biochars have found wide applications in energy storage,environmental remediation,and catalysis.However,achieving precise and controllable modification of their active sites remains a challenge.Recent advances and future prospects for controlling their surface morphology,defect engineering,and surface coating strategies,with particular attention to their means of fabrication,are reviewed.展开更多
The capture of atmospheric carbon dioxide by adsorbents is an important strategy to deal with the greenhouse effect.Compared with traditional CO_(2) adsorption materials like activated carbon,silica gel,and zeolite mo...The capture of atmospheric carbon dioxide by adsorbents is an important strategy to deal with the greenhouse effect.Compared with traditional CO_(2) adsorption materials like activated carbon,silica gel,and zeolite molecular sieves,covalent organic frameworks(COFs)have excellent thermal and chemical stabilities and can be produced in many different forms.Using their different possible construction units,ordered structures for specific applications can be produced,giving them broad prospects in fields such as gas storage.This review analyzes the different types of COFs that have been synthesized and their different methods of CO_(2) capture.It then discusses different ways to increase CO_(2) adsorption by changing the internal structure of COFs and modifying their surfaces.The limitations of COF-derived carbon materials in CO_(2) capture are reviewed and,finally,the key role of machine learning and computational simulation in improving CO_(2) adsorption is mentioned,and the current status and future possible uses of COFs are summarized.展开更多
In the realm of large-scale power system energy storage,sodium-based batteries represent a cost-effective post-lithium energy storage technology,making inorganic solid-state sodium batteries(ISSSB)a critical branch of...In the realm of large-scale power system energy storage,sodium-based batteries represent a cost-effective post-lithium energy storage technology,making inorganic solid-state sodium batteries(ISSSB)a critical branch of this development.Inorganic solid-state electrolytes(ISSEs)are the core components of sodium batteries;however,they face significant challenges such as insufficient ionic conductivity,interfacial instability,and dendrite growth,all of which severely hinder practical application.This review critically assesses experimental protocols and theoretical frameworks related to mainstream ISSEs and systematizes optimization strategies aimed at overcoming these challenges.Leveraging integrated insights from both experimental and computational studies,the review first categorizes and summarizes the primary types of ISSEs,namely oxide-,sulfide-,and halide-based electrolytes.It then details interfacial optimization strategies focused on addressing three core interfacial issues:ion transport barriers resulting from mechanical incompatibility,side reactions stemming from electrochemical mismatch,and dendrite formation.Finally,the review advocates prioritizing in-depth research that integrates experimental and theoretical approaches to establish a closed-loop methodology encompassing predictive design,multiscale investigation,mechanistic exploration,and high-throughput automated experimentation,with feedback-driven refinement.This work serves as a comprehensive reference and systematic roadmap for future research on solid-state electrolytes(SSEs).展开更多
Post-translational modifications(PTMs)regulate the occurrence and development of cancer,and lactylation modification is a new form of PTMs.Recent studies have found that lactic acid modification can regulate the immun...Post-translational modifications(PTMs)regulate the occurrence and development of cancer,and lactylation modification is a new form of PTMs.Recent studies have found that lactic acid modification can regulate the immune tolerance of cancer cells.The classical theory holds that prostate apoptosis response-4(PAR-4)is a tumor suppressor protein.However,our recent research has found that PAR-4 has a biological function of promoting cancer in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),and our analysis shows that PAR-4 can be modified of lactic acid.These research evidences suggest that PAR-4 lactylation modification may drive immune tolerance in HCC.Therefore,inhibiting PAR-4 lactylation modification is very likely to increase the sensitivity of HCC to immunotherapy.展开更多
Conventional polyethylene(PE)fibers face limitations in large-scale industrial applications due to their poor thermal stability and inherent hydrophobicity,which restrict processing temperatures and dyeability,especia...Conventional polyethylene(PE)fibers face limitations in large-scale industrial applications due to their poor thermal stability and inherent hydrophobicity,which restrict processing temperatures and dyeability,especially in blended fabric production.In this research,a one-step ultraviolet(UV)irradiation technology was employed to modify medium molecular weight PE fibers through simultaneous crosslinking and grafting modifications,aiming to enhance their thermal stability and hydrophilicity.The modification employed a cost-effective,UV-initiated crosslinking system consisting of benzophenone(BP)as the photoinitiator and triallyl isocyanurate(TAIC)as the cocrosslinker.Acrylic acid(AA)was selected as the grafting monomer.These modifiers were thoroughly mixed with the PE matrix in a liquid-phase environment,and the mixture was melt-spun into fibers.The resulting fibers were then subjected to UV irradiation,which triggered the crosslinking and grafting reactions.The effects of the mass fraction of each component and irradiation parameters on modification efficacy were systematically investigated,followed by a comprehensive characterization of the modified PE fibers.The modified PE fibers achieved optimal thermal stability under the following conditions:2.0%mass fractions for both BP and TAIC,a UV irradiation intensity of 2000 mW/cm^(2),and an equivalent irradiation time of 60 s.This synergistic modification approach enables the fibers to maintain superior morphological integrity and mechanical performance when exposed to elevated temperatures ranging from 130 to 150℃.Meanwhile,an AA grafting mass fraction of 2.0%maximizes hydrophilicity with minimal impact on other properties,as evidenced by a dramatic reduction in the water contact angle(WCA)from 105.0°(hydrophobic)to 48.4°(hydrophilic).These improvements confirm the effectiveness of the modification strategy in synergistically enhancing both thermal stability and hydrophilicity of PE fibers.展开更多
Economical and sustainable wastewater treatment techniques are highly demanded to alleviate the issues of clearwater scarcity globally.In this work,the acetic acid/H_(2)O_(2) (AHP) was leveraged to enrich oxygenated f...Economical and sustainable wastewater treatment techniques are highly demanded to alleviate the issues of clearwater scarcity globally.In this work,the acetic acid/H_(2)O_(2) (AHP) was leveraged to enrich oxygenated functional groups on the biochar surface for efficient ciprofloxacin (CIP) adsorption and biochar regeneration (In situ degradation of CIP in the spent AHP solution).The AHP-modified biochar exhibited significantly enhanced CIP adsorption capacity,about 22 times that of the pristine biochar.The optimized modification condition (acetic acid/H_(2)O_(2):2.11,temperature:45 ℃,and time:12 h) was screened by the response surface method,reaching the highest CIP adsorption capacity of 86.26 mg·g^(−1).Characterization results revealed that the content of carboxyl —Cdouble bondO—O was enhanced in AHP-modified biochar,which contributed to efficient CIP adsorption by the electrostatic interaction,hydrogen bonding,and hydrophobic interaction.The adsorption of modified biochar to CIP molecules was a spontaneous endothermic process,and in line with the pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir isotherm model.Moreover,the biochar modification process enabled the spent AHP solution with a strong oxidizing agent of peracetic acid (PAA),which can be employed to degrade adsorbed CIP for biochar in-situ generation.This work tailored a closed-loop strategy for biochar oxidation,contaminant adsorption,and biochar regeneration,highlighting a viable route for sustainable wastewater treatment.展开更多
Cytochrome c(cyt c)is released from mitochondria into the cytosol upon apoptotic stimulation,ultimately triggering programmed cell death.Recent studies have revealed that transfer RNA(tRNA)interacts with cyt c,impedin...Cytochrome c(cyt c)is released from mitochondria into the cytosol upon apoptotic stimulation,ultimately triggering programmed cell death.Recent studies have revealed that transfer RNA(tRNA)interacts with cyt c,impeding the formation of the apoptosome complex and thereby suppressing apoptosis.To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the interaction between cyt c and tRNA,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)-based chemical shift perturbation and intensity analysis were employed to characterize the binding interface between cyt c and tRNAphe.The findings demonstrate that cyt c primarily engages with tRNAphe through its 70–85Ω-loop and N-terminalα-helix.This interaction sterically hinders the accessibility of small molecules,such as H_(2)O_(2),to the hydrophobic pocket of cyt c,consequently attenuating its peroxidase activity.Furthermore,oxidative modification of cyt c,particularly the carbonylation of positively charged lysine residues,weakens this interaction.展开更多
Dynamic melt modification of polyethylene via the direct grafting of peroxide fragments shows promise for the development of processable functionalized materials.In this study,four linear low-density polyethylenes(LLD...Dynamic melt modification of polyethylene via the direct grafting of peroxide fragments shows promise for the development of processable functionalized materials.In this study,four linear low-density polyethylenes(LLDPEs)with comparable molecular weights but different short-chain branch(SCB)contents(ranging of 5-66 per 1000 carbon atoms)were modified via dynamic melt mixing using 2 wt% benzoyl peroxide at 145℃ and 50 r/min for 30 min.The influence of SCB content on the processability and structure of the resulting products was systematically investigated.All modified products exhibited good melt processability with melt flow rates(MFR)ranging from 0.46 g/10min to 1.07 g/10min.Products derived from low-SCB LLDPEs showed a lower MFR,higher cross-linking content,a larger number of long-chain branches,and a higher degree of benzoyl grafting.In contrast,those produced from high-SCB LLDPEs exhibited improved processability,reduced cross-linking,fewer long-chain branches,and lower benzoyl grafting levels.A detailed structural investigation of the soluble and insoluble fractions,which were separated using trichlorobenzene fractionation,was conducted to analyze the structural features of various modified products and demonstrate that the SCB content(i.e.,tertiary carbon density)significantly influences radical coupling during dynamic modification.Elevated tertiary carbon density,by introducing greater steric hindrance,suppresses radical coupling during dynamic modification,thereby reducing the efficiency of both crosslinking and peroxide fragment grafting.These findings provide new insights into the structure-reactivity relationships in peroxide-induced polyethylene modification and lay the foundation for tailoring material properties via dynamic processing.展开更多
Bentonite is a necessary binder in producing pellets.Its excessive use reduces the iron grade of pellets and increases production costs.Minimizing bentonite dosage is essential for producing high-quality iron ore pell...Bentonite is a necessary binder in producing pellets.Its excessive use reduces the iron grade of pellets and increases production costs.Minimizing bentonite dosage is essential for producing high-quality iron ore pellets.Addressing the gap in the application of organically-intercalated modified bentonite in the pelletizing field,this study introduces an innovative modification process for bentonite that employs the synergistic effect of mechanical force and dimethyl sulfoxide to enhance the intercalation of organic compounds within bentonite,thus significantly enhancing its binding performance.The colloid value and swell capacity of modified bentonite(98.5 m L/3g and 55.0 m L/g)were much higher than the original bentonite(90.5 m L/3g and 17.5 m L/g).With the decrease of bentonite dosage from1.5wt%to 1.0wt%,the drop number of green pellets from a height of 0.5 m and the compressive strengths of roasted pellets using the modified bentonite(6.0 times and 2916 N per pellet)were significantly higher than those of the original bentonite(4.0 times and 2739 N per pellet).This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the intercalation modification mechanism of bentonite,offering crucial technical insights for the development of high-performance modified bentonite as iron ore pellet binders.展开更多
Ischemic stroke(IS)presents a major threat to human life and health due to its high disability and mortality rates.3-n-Butylphthalide(NBP),derived from celery seeds of the Apiaceae family native to the Mediterranean r...Ischemic stroke(IS)presents a major threat to human life and health due to its high disability and mortality rates.3-n-Butylphthalide(NBP),derived from celery seeds of the Apiaceae family native to the Mediterranean region,was first introduced in China for acute IS treatment in 2004.NBP demonstrates multiple therapeutic actions,including reconstruction of microcirculation in the cerebral ischemia area,inhibition of platelet aggregation,reduction of cerebral infarction volume,maintenance of blood-brain barrier(BBB)integrity,and enhancement of cerebral blood perfusion.However,its overall efficacy remains moderate,limited by poor water solubility and low bioavailability,which constrains its clinical application.To address these limitations,researchers have actively pursued the development of NBP derivatives and analogs,achieving notable progress.These efforts,including substituent introduction,ring opening derivatization,esterification,and atom substitution,have generated diverse NBP derivatives.Several of these derivatives have advanced to clinical studies.Specifically,potassium 2-(1-hydroxypentyl)-benzoate(PHPB),brozopentyl sodium(BZP),and XY-03-EA(ZONK1103)have reached phase II clinical trials,while(S)-2-(1-acetoxypentyl)benzoic acid L-arginine salt(AAPB)has received clinical trial approval for 2024.This review examines the structural modification and optimization of NBP over the past two decades from a medicinal chemistry perspective,aiming to facilitate the development of superior derivatives and advance cerebral ischemia treatment.展开更多
Interfacial interactions between rough mineral particles have garnered considerable attention as they directly determine particle agglomeration and floatability.This study comprehensively investigates the agglomeratio...Interfacial interactions between rough mineral particles have garnered considerable attention as they directly determine particle agglomeration and floatability.This study comprehensively investigates the agglomeration characteristics of siderite particles after argon(Ar)plasma surface modification through settling tests,flocs size measurements,and fractal dimension calculations.Ar plasma surface modification promotes the agglomeration of siderite particles,as evidenced by increased floc size and density.The agglomeration mechanism induced by Ar plasma surface modification is evaluated using a theoretical model combining the surface element integration(SEI)approach,differential geometry,and the composite Simpson's rule.Changes in surface roughness,wettability,and charge are considered in this model.Compared to the unpretreated siderite particles,the energy barrier for interaction of the 30-min Ar plasma-pretreated siderite particles decreases from 2.3×10-^(17)J to 1.6×10^(-17)J.This reduction provides strong evidence for the agglomeration behavior of siderite particles.Furthermore,flotation experiments confirm that Ar plasma surface modification is conducive to the aggregation flotation of siderite.These findings offer crucial insights into particle aggregation and dispersion behaviors,with notable application in mineral flotation.展开更多
Photodetectors can convert light energy into electrical signals,so are widely used in photovoltaics,photon counting,monitoring,and imaging.Photodetectors are easy to prepare high-resolution photochips because of their...Photodetectors can convert light energy into electrical signals,so are widely used in photovoltaics,photon counting,monitoring,and imaging.Photodetectors are easy to prepare high-resolution photochips because of their small size unit integration.However,these photodetector units often exhibit poor photoelectric performance due to material defects and inadequate structures,which greatly limit the functions of devices.Designing modification strategies and micro-/nanostructures can compensate for defects,adjust the bandgap,and develop novel quantum structures,which consequently optimize photovoltaic units and revolutionize optoelectronic devices.Here,this paper aims to comprehensively elaborate on the surface/interface engineering scheme of micro-/nano-photodetectors.It starts from the fundamentals of photodetectors,such as principles,types,and parameters,and describes the influence of material selection,manufacturing techniques,and post-processing.Then,we analyse in detail the great influence of surface/interface engineering on the performance of photovoltaic devices,including surface/interface modification and micro-/nanostructural design.Finally,the applications and prospects of optoelectronic devices in various fields such as miniaturization of electronic devices,robotics,and human–computer interaction are shown.展开更多
文摘Photheurrent behaviours of 1,1'-di linolene ferrocenyl LB films modified CdSe thin film electrode were studied by scanned laset spot method. The increase in photocurrent response of modified electrode compared to the bare electrode was analyzed by statistical calculation. The acceleration of interfacial electron transfer by modified molecules which act as redox mediator was discussed.
基金Supported by R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission of China(Grant No.KZ200010009041)Beijing Municipal University Youth Top Talents Training Program of China(Grant No.CIT&TCD201704014)Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51475003).
文摘The forming limit diagram plays an important role in predicting the forming limit of sheet metals.Previous studies have shown that,the method to construct the forming limit diagram based on instability theory of the original shear failure criterion is efective and simple.The original shear instability criterion can accurately predict the left area of the forming limit diagram but not the right area.In this study,in order to improve the accuracy of the original shear failure criterion,a modifed shear failure criterion was proposed based on in-depth analysis of the original shear failure criterion.The detailed improvement strategies of the shear failure criterion and the complete calculation process are given.Based on the modifed shear failure criterion and diferent constitutive equations,the theoretical forming limit of TRIP780 steel and 5754O aluminum alloy sheet metals are calculated.By comparing the theoretical and experimental results,it is shown that proposed modifed shear failure criterion can predict the right area of forming limit more reasonably than the original shear failure criterion.The efect of the pre-strain and constitutive equation on the forming limits are also analyzed in depth.The modifed shear failure criterion proposed in this study provides an alternative and reliable method to predict forming limit of sheet metals.
基金supported by the Shenyang Medical College Scientifc Research Innovation Fund(Nos.20182033 and 20191038),China。
文摘Modifed starch flms are gaining attention as biodegradable and sustainable materials in the food packaging industry.However,their inherent properties,including their brittleness and low antimicrobial and antioxidant capacities,limit their extensive application.To address these shortcomings,in this study,a composite flm was developed using potato-modifed starch(PMS)as the base material,enhanced with konjac glucomannan(KGM),Pleurotus citrinopileatus polysaccharide(PCP),and nano titanium dioxide(nano TiO_(2)).Additionally,PCP and nano TiO_(2),which are bioactive components,were incorporated to improve the functional properties of the flms,promoting their application in food preservation.The optimal composition of the composite flms was determined through a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,and the best performance was achieved with 10 g/L of PCP and 1.5 g/L of nano TiO_(2).These composite flms exhibited high mechanical strength,antimicrobial capacity,and antioxidant capacity while being noncytotoxic.The practical effcacy of the composite flms was verifed by applying them to preserve fresh-cut yams at room temperature,where they effectively delayed spoilage and maintained yam quality.This study demonstrates that PMS/KGM/PCP/nano TiO2 composite flms can signifcantly enhance the shelf life of fresh produce,providing a viable route for eco-friendly food preservation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82071383,82371392(to BN)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China(Key Project),No.ZR2020KH007(to BN)+1 种基金“Taishan Scholar Distinguished Expert Program”of Shandong Province,No.tstp20231257(to BN)Health Commission Science and Technology Plan Project of Jinan,No.2023-1-8(to YZ).
文摘Lactate serves as a key energy metabolite in the central nervous system,facilitating essential brain functions,including energy supply,signaling,and epigenetic modulation.Moreover,it links epigenetic modifications with metabolic reprogramming.Nonetheless,the specific mechanisms and roles of this connection in astrocytes remain unclear.Therefore,this review aims to explore the role and specific mechanisms of lactate in the metabolic reprogramming of astrocytes in the central nervous system.The close relationship between epigenetic modifications and metabolic reprogramming was discussed.Therapeutic strategies for targeting metabolic reprogramming in astrocytes in the central nervous system were also outlined to guide future research in central nervous system diseases.In the nervous system,lactate plays an essential role.However,its mechanism of action as a bridge between metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic modifications in the nervous system requires future investigation.The involvement of lactate in epigenetic modifications is currently a hot research topic,especially in lactylation modification,a key determinant in this process.Lactate also indirectly regulates various epigenetic modifications,such as N6-methyladenosine,acetylation,ubiquitination,and phosphorylation modifications,which are closely linked to several neurological disorders.In addition,exploring the clinical applications and potential therapeutic strategies of lactic acid provides new insights for future neurological disease treatments.
基金Supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1503400)。
文摘Aiming at the problems of insufficient activity and selectivity of Cu-based catalysts in CO_(2)hydrogenation to methanol,Al_(2)O_(3),ZrO_(2)and CeO_(2)modified Cu-ZnO catalysts by the co-precipitation method were prepared,and the influence mechanism of additives on the structure-performance relationship of the catalysts was systematically explored.Through a variety of characterization methods such as XRD,N2 physical adsorption-desorption,TEM,H_(2)-TPR,CO_(2)-TPD and XPS,combined with catalytic performance evaluation experiments,the correlation between the microstructure of catalysts and the reaction performance of CO_(2)hydrogenation to methanol was analyzed in depth.The results show that metal additives significantly improve the performance of catalysts.After the introduction of additives,the specific surface area and pore volume of the catalysts increase,the grain size of Cu decreases,and its dispersion improves.The Ce-modified CZC catalyst exhibited the best performance,with the grain size of CuO as small as 11.41 nm,and the surface oxygen vacancy concentration(OⅡ/OⅠ=3.15)was significantly higher than that of other samples.The reaction performance test shows that under the conditions of 2.8 MPa,8000 h−1 and 280℃,the CO_(2)conversion of the CZC catalyst reached 18.83%,the methanol selectivity was 68.40%,and the methanol yield was 12.88%,all of which are superior to other catalysts.Its excellent performance can be attributed to the fact that CeO_(2)enhances the metal-support interaction,increases the surface basicity,promotes the adsorption and activation of CO_(2),and simultaneously inhibits the reverse water-gas shift side reaction.This study clarifies the structure-activity regulation mechanism of additive modification on Cu-ZnO catalysts,providing a theoretical basis and technical reference for the development of efficient catalysts for CO_(2)hydrogenation to methanol.
基金Supported by Design and Performance Study of High-flux Metal Hydride Reactor Based on the Bionic Optimization(2078262)the‘Four-Chain’Integration Project at the Qinchuangyuan Chief Platform(S2025-YF-ZDXM)。
文摘As one of the most promising new energy sources,hydrogen energy is expected to usher in a full-fledged“hydrogen economy”in the 21st century.Compared with traditional high-pressure gaseous and cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage methods,solid-state chemical hydrogen storage shows significant advantages in safety,high efficiency,and cost-effectiveness.Magnesium-based lightweight hydrogen storage materials have attracted widespread attention due to their high gravimetric hydrogen storage density(7.6%)and favorable reversibility.However,their sluggish reaction kinetics and stringent operating conditions(with H2 release temperatures exceeding 350°C and H2 absorption pressures above 4 MPa)pose major challenges for practical applications.Domestic and international researchers have conducted in-depth studies to address these issues,achieving substantial progress in the modification of magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloys.This paper systematically elaborates on major modification techniques such as alloying,nanostructuring,and catalytic material doping,providing a comprehensive analysis of the strengths and limitations of each approach.Furthermore,it offers prospects for the future development of magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials by integrating current theoretical and experimental research findings.
基金Supported by National Key Research&Development Program of China (2022YFB4201800)Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (52130610)。
文摘Lignin-derived oxygenated aromatics,particularly phenols and aromatic ethers obtained through depolymerization,represent promising feedstocks for synthesizing high-density and high-heat-sink aviation fuels via alkylation-hydrogenation processes.This study systematically evaluates the catalytic performance of various zeolites(Hβ,HZSM-5,MCM-41 and HUSY)in the alkylation reaction of phenol with cyclohexanol.Characterization results demonstrate that HUSY zeolite showed superior catalytic activity compared to other zeolites,attributable to its favorable pore architecture and well-balanced acid site distribution that synergistically facilitate molecular diffusion and catalytic transformations.To further enhance the catalytic properties,HUSY zeolite was modified with citric acid at various concentrations and compared with those treated with NaOH and oxalic acid.The results revealed that citric acid treatment preserved the crystallinity of the zeolite while modulating its acid distribution and pore structure.All modified zeolites enhanced phenol alkylation activity.Notably,the HUSY-0.5M catalyst,which exhibited the highest medium-strong acid to total acid ratio,achieved superior catalytic performance,80.4%conversion of phenol and 99.6%selectivity for alkylation products.The catalyst also exhibited high activity in the alkylation of various lignin-derived compounds,demonstrating its broad applicability.This work provides a new strategy for the valorization of lignin-derived phenols into high-value fuel precursors through alkylation.
文摘Platinum group metals have high melting points,strong corrosion resistance,stable chemical properties,and low oxygen permeability in high-temperature oxygen-containing environments.As thermal protective coating materials,they have gained essential applications in the aerospace field and have excellent prospects for application in frontier military fields,such as protecting hot-end components of hypersonic aircraft.This research reviewed the latest research progress of platinum group metal coatings with hightemperature oxidation resistance,including coating preparation techniques,oxidation failure,and alloying modification.The leading preparation techniques of current platinum group metal coatings were discussed,as well as the advantages and disadvantages of various existing preparation techniques.Besides,the intrinsic properties,failure forms,and failure mechanisms of coatings of single platinum group metal in high-temperature oxygen-containing environments were analyzed.On this basis,the necessity,main methods,and main achievements of alloying modification of platinum group metals were summarized.Finally,the future development of platinum group coatings with high-temperature oxidation resistance was discussed and prospected.
文摘Biomass-derived carbon materials are favored for their abundance and sustainability,and ease of preparation and modification.By surface activation and modification they can have a good electrical conductivity,excellent catalytic activity,a remarkable adsorption capacity,and different interfacial physicochemical functionalities.Surface-modified biochars have found wide applications in energy storage,environmental remediation,and catalysis.However,achieving precise and controllable modification of their active sites remains a challenge.Recent advances and future prospects for controlling their surface morphology,defect engineering,and surface coating strategies,with particular attention to their means of fabrication,are reviewed.
文摘The capture of atmospheric carbon dioxide by adsorbents is an important strategy to deal with the greenhouse effect.Compared with traditional CO_(2) adsorption materials like activated carbon,silica gel,and zeolite molecular sieves,covalent organic frameworks(COFs)have excellent thermal and chemical stabilities and can be produced in many different forms.Using their different possible construction units,ordered structures for specific applications can be produced,giving them broad prospects in fields such as gas storage.This review analyzes the different types of COFs that have been synthesized and their different methods of CO_(2) capture.It then discusses different ways to increase CO_(2) adsorption by changing the internal structure of COFs and modifying their surfaces.The limitations of COF-derived carbon materials in CO_(2) capture are reviewed and,finally,the key role of machine learning and computational simulation in improving CO_(2) adsorption is mentioned,and the current status and future possible uses of COFs are summarized.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52076076, 52006065)Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities (2025JC003)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (3242022)
文摘In the realm of large-scale power system energy storage,sodium-based batteries represent a cost-effective post-lithium energy storage technology,making inorganic solid-state sodium batteries(ISSSB)a critical branch of this development.Inorganic solid-state electrolytes(ISSEs)are the core components of sodium batteries;however,they face significant challenges such as insufficient ionic conductivity,interfacial instability,and dendrite growth,all of which severely hinder practical application.This review critically assesses experimental protocols and theoretical frameworks related to mainstream ISSEs and systematizes optimization strategies aimed at overcoming these challenges.Leveraging integrated insights from both experimental and computational studies,the review first categorizes and summarizes the primary types of ISSEs,namely oxide-,sulfide-,and halide-based electrolytes.It then details interfacial optimization strategies focused on addressing three core interfacial issues:ion transport barriers resulting from mechanical incompatibility,side reactions stemming from electrochemical mismatch,and dendrite formation.Finally,the review advocates prioritizing in-depth research that integrates experimental and theoretical approaches to establish a closed-loop methodology encompassing predictive design,multiscale investigation,mechanistic exploration,and high-throughput automated experimentation,with feedback-driven refinement.This work serves as a comprehensive reference and systematic roadmap for future research on solid-state electrolytes(SSEs).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82573045,82460602,82560459)the Hainan Provincial Graduate Student Innovative Research Project(No.Qhys2024-440).
文摘Post-translational modifications(PTMs)regulate the occurrence and development of cancer,and lactylation modification is a new form of PTMs.Recent studies have found that lactic acid modification can regulate the immune tolerance of cancer cells.The classical theory holds that prostate apoptosis response-4(PAR-4)is a tumor suppressor protein.However,our recent research has found that PAR-4 has a biological function of promoting cancer in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),and our analysis shows that PAR-4 can be modified of lactic acid.These research evidences suggest that PAR-4 lactylation modification may drive immune tolerance in HCC.Therefore,inhibiting PAR-4 lactylation modification is very likely to increase the sensitivity of HCC to immunotherapy.
文摘Conventional polyethylene(PE)fibers face limitations in large-scale industrial applications due to their poor thermal stability and inherent hydrophobicity,which restrict processing temperatures and dyeability,especially in blended fabric production.In this research,a one-step ultraviolet(UV)irradiation technology was employed to modify medium molecular weight PE fibers through simultaneous crosslinking and grafting modifications,aiming to enhance their thermal stability and hydrophilicity.The modification employed a cost-effective,UV-initiated crosslinking system consisting of benzophenone(BP)as the photoinitiator and triallyl isocyanurate(TAIC)as the cocrosslinker.Acrylic acid(AA)was selected as the grafting monomer.These modifiers were thoroughly mixed with the PE matrix in a liquid-phase environment,and the mixture was melt-spun into fibers.The resulting fibers were then subjected to UV irradiation,which triggered the crosslinking and grafting reactions.The effects of the mass fraction of each component and irradiation parameters on modification efficacy were systematically investigated,followed by a comprehensive characterization of the modified PE fibers.The modified PE fibers achieved optimal thermal stability under the following conditions:2.0%mass fractions for both BP and TAIC,a UV irradiation intensity of 2000 mW/cm^(2),and an equivalent irradiation time of 60 s.This synergistic modification approach enables the fibers to maintain superior morphological integrity and mechanical performance when exposed to elevated temperatures ranging from 130 to 150℃.Meanwhile,an AA grafting mass fraction of 2.0%maximizes hydrophilicity with minimal impact on other properties,as evidenced by a dramatic reduction in the water contact angle(WCA)from 105.0°(hydrophobic)to 48.4°(hydrophilic).These improvements confirm the effectiveness of the modification strategy in synergistically enhancing both thermal stability and hydrophilicity of PE fibers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22478266 and 32472027)the National Key Research&Development Program of China(2022YFE0207100)the Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province(2024ZYD0080 and 2022YFN0027).
文摘Economical and sustainable wastewater treatment techniques are highly demanded to alleviate the issues of clearwater scarcity globally.In this work,the acetic acid/H_(2)O_(2) (AHP) was leveraged to enrich oxygenated functional groups on the biochar surface for efficient ciprofloxacin (CIP) adsorption and biochar regeneration (In situ degradation of CIP in the spent AHP solution).The AHP-modified biochar exhibited significantly enhanced CIP adsorption capacity,about 22 times that of the pristine biochar.The optimized modification condition (acetic acid/H_(2)O_(2):2.11,temperature:45 ℃,and time:12 h) was screened by the response surface method,reaching the highest CIP adsorption capacity of 86.26 mg·g^(−1).Characterization results revealed that the content of carboxyl —Cdouble bondO—O was enhanced in AHP-modified biochar,which contributed to efficient CIP adsorption by the electrostatic interaction,hydrogen bonding,and hydrophobic interaction.The adsorption of modified biochar to CIP molecules was a spontaneous endothermic process,and in line with the pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir isotherm model.Moreover,the biochar modification process enabled the spent AHP solution with a strong oxidizing agent of peracetic acid (PAA),which can be employed to degrade adsorbed CIP for biochar in-situ generation.This work tailored a closed-loop strategy for biochar oxidation,contaminant adsorption,and biochar regeneration,highlighting a viable route for sustainable wastewater treatment.
基金financial support from National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0704002,2018YFE0202300,2023YFA1607500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22174152,21991081,2204167,21505153,21675170,2147514621735007,and 22204167)+2 种基金Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2023AFA041)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0540300)Funding of Wuhan Special Project for Knowledge Innovation(2023020201010085).
文摘Cytochrome c(cyt c)is released from mitochondria into the cytosol upon apoptotic stimulation,ultimately triggering programmed cell death.Recent studies have revealed that transfer RNA(tRNA)interacts with cyt c,impeding the formation of the apoptosome complex and thereby suppressing apoptosis.To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the interaction between cyt c and tRNA,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)-based chemical shift perturbation and intensity analysis were employed to characterize the binding interface between cyt c and tRNAphe.The findings demonstrate that cyt c primarily engages with tRNAphe through its 70–85Ω-loop and N-terminalα-helix.This interaction sterically hinders the accessibility of small molecules,such as H_(2)O_(2),to the hydrophobic pocket of cyt c,consequently attenuating its peroxidase activity.Furthermore,oxidative modification of cyt c,particularly the carbonylation of positively charged lysine residues,weakens this interaction.
基金financially supported by the Science and Technology Project of PetroChina Company Limited,China(No.2022DJ6314)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52173056)。
文摘Dynamic melt modification of polyethylene via the direct grafting of peroxide fragments shows promise for the development of processable functionalized materials.In this study,four linear low-density polyethylenes(LLDPEs)with comparable molecular weights but different short-chain branch(SCB)contents(ranging of 5-66 per 1000 carbon atoms)were modified via dynamic melt mixing using 2 wt% benzoyl peroxide at 145℃ and 50 r/min for 30 min.The influence of SCB content on the processability and structure of the resulting products was systematically investigated.All modified products exhibited good melt processability with melt flow rates(MFR)ranging from 0.46 g/10min to 1.07 g/10min.Products derived from low-SCB LLDPEs showed a lower MFR,higher cross-linking content,a larger number of long-chain branches,and a higher degree of benzoyl grafting.In contrast,those produced from high-SCB LLDPEs exhibited improved processability,reduced cross-linking,fewer long-chain branches,and lower benzoyl grafting levels.A detailed structural investigation of the soluble and insoluble fractions,which were separated using trichlorobenzene fractionation,was conducted to analyze the structural features of various modified products and demonstrate that the SCB content(i.e.,tertiary carbon density)significantly influences radical coupling during dynamic modification.Elevated tertiary carbon density,by introducing greater steric hindrance,suppresses radical coupling during dynamic modification,thereby reducing the efficiency of both crosslinking and peroxide fragment grafting.These findings provide new insights into the structure-reactivity relationships in peroxide-induced polyethylene modification and lay the foundation for tailoring material properties via dynamic processing.
基金financial support by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC2907801)the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2023JJ40760)the Scientific and Technological Project of Yunnan Precious Metals Laboratory,China(No.YPML-2023050276)。
文摘Bentonite is a necessary binder in producing pellets.Its excessive use reduces the iron grade of pellets and increases production costs.Minimizing bentonite dosage is essential for producing high-quality iron ore pellets.Addressing the gap in the application of organically-intercalated modified bentonite in the pelletizing field,this study introduces an innovative modification process for bentonite that employs the synergistic effect of mechanical force and dimethyl sulfoxide to enhance the intercalation of organic compounds within bentonite,thus significantly enhancing its binding performance.The colloid value and swell capacity of modified bentonite(98.5 m L/3g and 55.0 m L/g)were much higher than the original bentonite(90.5 m L/3g and 17.5 m L/g).With the decrease of bentonite dosage from1.5wt%to 1.0wt%,the drop number of green pellets from a height of 0.5 m and the compressive strengths of roasted pellets using the modified bentonite(6.0 times and 2916 N per pellet)were significantly higher than those of the original bentonite(4.0 times and 2739 N per pellet).This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the intercalation modification mechanism of bentonite,offering crucial technical insights for the development of high-performance modified bentonite as iron ore pellet binders.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21977058 and 82473840)the Key R&D Program of Jiangsu Province(No.BE2021677)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2018T110533)the Key Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(No.20KJA350002)Jiangsu Province Innovation Project of Postgraduate Training(No.KYCX22_3380).
文摘Ischemic stroke(IS)presents a major threat to human life and health due to its high disability and mortality rates.3-n-Butylphthalide(NBP),derived from celery seeds of the Apiaceae family native to the Mediterranean region,was first introduced in China for acute IS treatment in 2004.NBP demonstrates multiple therapeutic actions,including reconstruction of microcirculation in the cerebral ischemia area,inhibition of platelet aggregation,reduction of cerebral infarction volume,maintenance of blood-brain barrier(BBB)integrity,and enhancement of cerebral blood perfusion.However,its overall efficacy remains moderate,limited by poor water solubility and low bioavailability,which constrains its clinical application.To address these limitations,researchers have actively pursued the development of NBP derivatives and analogs,achieving notable progress.These efforts,including substituent introduction,ring opening derivatization,esterification,and atom substitution,have generated diverse NBP derivatives.Several of these derivatives have advanced to clinical studies.Specifically,potassium 2-(1-hydroxypentyl)-benzoate(PHPB),brozopentyl sodium(BZP),and XY-03-EA(ZONK1103)have reached phase II clinical trials,while(S)-2-(1-acetoxypentyl)benzoic acid L-arginine salt(AAPB)has received clinical trial approval for 2024.This review examines the structural modification and optimization of NBP over the past two decades from a medicinal chemistry perspective,aiming to facilitate the development of superior derivatives and advance cerebral ischemia treatment.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52204284)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2025MD784125)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,China(No.2024JC-YBQN-0365)the Shaanxi Province Postdoctoral Science Foundation,China(No.2025BSHSDZZ363)Outstanding Youth Science Fund of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,China(No.202308)。
文摘Interfacial interactions between rough mineral particles have garnered considerable attention as they directly determine particle agglomeration and floatability.This study comprehensively investigates the agglomeration characteristics of siderite particles after argon(Ar)plasma surface modification through settling tests,flocs size measurements,and fractal dimension calculations.Ar plasma surface modification promotes the agglomeration of siderite particles,as evidenced by increased floc size and density.The agglomeration mechanism induced by Ar plasma surface modification is evaluated using a theoretical model combining the surface element integration(SEI)approach,differential geometry,and the composite Simpson's rule.Changes in surface roughness,wettability,and charge are considered in this model.Compared to the unpretreated siderite particles,the energy barrier for interaction of the 30-min Ar plasma-pretreated siderite particles decreases from 2.3×10-^(17)J to 1.6×10^(-17)J.This reduction provides strong evidence for the agglomeration behavior of siderite particles.Furthermore,flotation experiments confirm that Ar plasma surface modification is conducive to the aggregation flotation of siderite.These findings offer crucial insights into particle aggregation and dispersion behaviors,with notable application in mineral flotation.
文摘Photodetectors can convert light energy into electrical signals,so are widely used in photovoltaics,photon counting,monitoring,and imaging.Photodetectors are easy to prepare high-resolution photochips because of their small size unit integration.However,these photodetector units often exhibit poor photoelectric performance due to material defects and inadequate structures,which greatly limit the functions of devices.Designing modification strategies and micro-/nanostructures can compensate for defects,adjust the bandgap,and develop novel quantum structures,which consequently optimize photovoltaic units and revolutionize optoelectronic devices.Here,this paper aims to comprehensively elaborate on the surface/interface engineering scheme of micro-/nano-photodetectors.It starts from the fundamentals of photodetectors,such as principles,types,and parameters,and describes the influence of material selection,manufacturing techniques,and post-processing.Then,we analyse in detail the great influence of surface/interface engineering on the performance of photovoltaic devices,including surface/interface modification and micro-/nanostructural design.Finally,the applications and prospects of optoelectronic devices in various fields such as miniaturization of electronic devices,robotics,and human–computer interaction are shown.
