Heat dissipation highly relies on the thermal conductivity(κ)of materials.Materials with large bandgaps and signifcant atomic mass ratios,such as BAs,SiC,andθ-TaN,have attracted considerable attention due to their p...Heat dissipation highly relies on the thermal conductivity(κ)of materials.Materials with large bandgaps and signifcant atomic mass ratios,such as BAs,SiC,andθ-TaN,have attracted considerable attention due to their potential for achieving ultra-highκ,with BAs serving as a particularly representative example due to its unique combination of large bandgap and high thermal conductivity.In this paper,the efects of atomic mass modifcation on phonon bandgap andκare systematically investigated using a BAs model,accounting for both three-and four-phonon scattering processes.A 20%increase inκcan be obtained by substituting B,achieved through widening the phonon bandgap,which suppresses phonon scattering.Notably,the AAOO four-phonon scattering channel is more suppressed than the AAO three-phonon channel,leading to an increased phonon lifetime(τ).For As,κcan also be enhanced by 5%when replaced by lighter atoms,such as^(69)As,primarily due to the increased phonon group velocity(υ).We systematically clarify how atomic-mass-induced bandgap variations afectτ,υ,and thereforeκin wide-bandgap systems.Our work provides a specifc scheme for further improving the ultra-highκof materials with large bandgaps,which possesses great guiding signifcance.展开更多
Proppant plays a critical role in the exploitation of oil and gas,especially in the development of nonconventional oil and gas resources.Proppants are small spheres that have adequate strength to withstand high closur...Proppant plays a critical role in the exploitation of oil and gas,especially in the development of nonconventional oil and gas resources.Proppants are small spheres that have adequate strength to withstand high closure stresses to keep cracks open;therefore,hydrocarbon fows smoothly into the wellbore.However,traditional proppants are prone to settling in hydraulic fracturing operations,which seriously afects the operation efect.To this end,ultralow-weight proppants have been extensively employed in the petroleum industry.One of the widespread forms of ultralow-weight proppant application in the oil and gas industry is related to light density.Ultralow-weight proppants will provide substantial fow paths with a considerably high propped surface area and remarkably reduce fne generation and scaling.This paper presents a comprehensive review of over 50 papers published in the past several decades on ultralow-weight proppants.The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the current ultralow-weight proppant development status in raw materials,manufacturing process,performance characteristics,hydrophobic and lipophilic capabilities,and feld application to promote the research of new ultralow-weight proppants.Lastly,this study analyzes the current challenges and emphasizes the development direction of fractured proppants.展开更多
Enhanced oil recovery(EOR)processes are applied to recover trapped or residual oil in the reservoir rocks after primary and secondary recovery methods.Changing the wettability of the rock from oil-wet to water-wet is ...Enhanced oil recovery(EOR)processes are applied to recover trapped or residual oil in the reservoir rocks after primary and secondary recovery methods.Changing the wettability of the rock from oil-wet to water-wet is named wettability alteration.It is an important factor for EOR.Due to their unique properties,nanoparticles have gained great attention for improving oil recovery.Despite the promising results,the main challenges of applying nanoparticles are related to the colloidal stability of the nanofuids in the harsh conditions of the reservoirs.In recent years,polymer-grafted nanoparticles have been considered as novel promising materials for EOR.The obtained results showed that adding a hydrophobic agent trimethoxy(propyl)silane on the surface of modifed silica nanoparticles with polyethylene glycol methyl ether has an efective role in improving retention and wettability alteration,especially in the oil-wet substrate due to hydrophobic interaction.The modifed silica nanoparticle by mixed polyethylene glycol methyl ether(Mn~5000)and trimethoxy(propyl)silane showed a proper performance at a concentration of 1000 ppm and a salinity range of 2000-40,000 ppm.The obtained fndings can help for a better understanding of the silica nanofuid modifcation with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic agents for the EOR application of near-wellbore.展开更多
In this study,the deactivation mechanism caused by high accessibility of strong acid sites for the waste FCC catalyst was proposed and verified for the first time.Based on the proposed deactivation mechanism,magnesium...In this study,the deactivation mechanism caused by high accessibility of strong acid sites for the waste FCC catalyst was proposed and verified for the first time.Based on the proposed deactivation mechanism,magnesium modification through magnesium chloride impregnation was employed for the regeneration of waste FCC catalyst.The regenerated waste FCC catalyst was characterized,with its heavy oil catalytic cracking performance tested.The characterization results indicated that,in comparison with the unmodified waste FCC catalyst,the acid sites strength of the regenerated waste FCC catalyst was weakened,with no prominent alterations of the total acid sites quantity and textural properties.The heavy oil catalytic cracking results suggested that the catalytic cracking performance of the regenerated waste FCC catalyst was greatly improved due to the suitable surface acidity of the sample.In contrast with the unmodified waste FCC catalyst,the gasoline yield over the regenerated waste FCC catalyst significantly increased by 3.04 percentage points,meanwhile the yield of dry gas,LPG,coke and bottoms obviously decreased by 0.36,0.81,1.28 and 0.87 percentage points,respectively,making the regenerated waste FCC catalyst serve as a partial substitute for the fresh FCC catalyst.Finally,the acid property change mechanism was discussed.展开更多
Lignite-derived humin(CHM)was extracted from raw coal in Heihe City,China,producing calcium-modifed lignite-derived humin(Ca-CHM)by Ca(OH)_(2).The physical and chemical performances of CHM and Ca-CHM were analyzed wit...Lignite-derived humin(CHM)was extracted from raw coal in Heihe City,China,producing calcium-modifed lignite-derived humin(Ca-CHM)by Ca(OH)_(2).The physical and chemical performances of CHM and Ca-CHM were analyzed with SEM,^(13)C spectra and XPS techniques.The results show that Ca-CHM exhibited weaker aliphatic,more aromatic polar compared with CHM,which improves the adsorption capacity for Cd(Ⅱ).XPS analysis indicates that Ca(Ⅱ)has been loaded onto Ca-CHM successfully after modifcation.This batch adsorption experiments report the adsorption performance of CHM and Ca-CHM for Cd(Ⅱ).The adsorption process of CHM and Ca-CHM for Cd(Ⅱ)conform to pseudo-second-order model,which is chemical adsorption,and the adsorption data presented good fts to the Langmuir model.The maximum adsorption amount(Q_(m))of Cd(Ⅱ)onto CHM and Ca-CHM by the Langmuir model is 15.29 mg/g and 41.84 mg/g,respectively.Based on the results of SEM,^(13)C spectra,and XPS analysis,we concluded that the main adsorption mechanism of Ca-CHM on Cd(Ⅱ)was ion exchange of Cd(Ⅱ)for Ca(Ⅱ),static-adsorbed and surface complexation.Therefore,Ca(Ⅱ)can be loaded on the surface of Ca-CHM by chemical modifcation,improving the adsorption capacity of materials in aqueous solutions.展开更多
Hearing loss is one of the most prevalent sensory disorders affecting the human nervous system.Liquid–liquid phase separation(LLPS)is a physiological process that facilitates the reversible and dynamic assembly of bi...Hearing loss is one of the most prevalent sensory disorders affecting the human nervous system.Liquid–liquid phase separation(LLPS)is a physiological process that facilitates the reversible and dynamic assembly of biomolecular condensates.Increasing evidence suggests that LLPS plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of hereditary hearing loss.Nevertheless,there is a conspicuous lack of systematic investigations exploring the impact of LLPS abnormalities on the etiology of hereditary hearing loss.In this review,we examine the mechanisms by which dysfunctions in LLPS contribute to hereditary hearing loss,specifically focusing on its effects on mechanoelectrical transduction in hair bundles,transcriptional regulation,post-transcriptional modifications,the actin cytoskeleton,ion homeostasis within the inner ear,and energy and redox homeostasis.Furthermore,we evaluate the considerable potential of targeting LLPS as a therapeutic approach for hearing loss and propose innovative perspectives on LLPS that may guide future research initiatives in the field of auditory disorders.展开更多
Background:βAmyloid(Aβ)-mediated neuronal hyperactivity,a key feature of the early stage of Alzheimer’s disease(AD),is recently proposed to be initiated by the suppression of glutamate reuptake.Nevertheless,the und...Background:βAmyloid(Aβ)-mediated neuronal hyperactivity,a key feature of the early stage of Alzheimer’s disease(AD),is recently proposed to be initiated by the suppression of glutamate reuptake.Nevertheless,the underlying mechanism by which the impaired glutamate reuptake causes neuronal hyperactivity remains unclear.Chronic suppression of the glutamate reuptake causes accumulation of ambient glutamate that could difuse from synaptic sites at the dendrites to the soma to elevate the tonic activation of somatic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors(NMDARs).However,less attention has been paid to the potential role of tonic activity change in extrasynaptic glutamate receptors(GluRs)located at the neuronal soma on generation of neuronal hyperactivity.Methods:Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were performed on CA1 pyramidal neurons in acute hippocampal slices exposed to TFB-threo-β-benzyloxyaspartic acid(TBOA)or human Aβ_(1-42) peptide oligomer.A series of dendritic patch-clamp recordings were made at diferent distances from the soma to identify the location of the changes in synaptic inputs.Moreover,single-channel recording in the cell-attached mode was performed to investigate the activity changes of single NMDARs at the soma.Results:Blocking glutamate uptake with either TBOA or the human Aβ_(1-42) peptide oligomer elicited potentiation of synaptic inputs in CA1 hippocampal neurons.Strikingly,this potentiation specifcally occurred at the soma,depending on the activation of somatic GluN2B-containing NMDARs(GluN2B-NMDARs)and accompanied by a substantial and persistent increment in the open probability of somatic NMDARs.Blocking the activity of GluN2B-NMDARs at the soma completely reversed both the TBOA-induced or the Aβ_(1-42)-induced somatic potentiation and neuronal hyperactivity.Conclusions:The somatic potentiation of synaptic inputs may represent a novel amplifcation mechanism that elevates cell excitability and thus contributes to neuronal hyperactivity initiated by impaired glutamate reuptake in AD.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFA1407001)the Department of Science and Technology of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20220032)+1 种基金support from the Guang Dong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2023A1515010365)support from the Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province under Grant No.KYCX25_1934。
文摘Heat dissipation highly relies on the thermal conductivity(κ)of materials.Materials with large bandgaps and signifcant atomic mass ratios,such as BAs,SiC,andθ-TaN,have attracted considerable attention due to their potential for achieving ultra-highκ,with BAs serving as a particularly representative example due to its unique combination of large bandgap and high thermal conductivity.In this paper,the efects of atomic mass modifcation on phonon bandgap andκare systematically investigated using a BAs model,accounting for both three-and four-phonon scattering processes.A 20%increase inκcan be obtained by substituting B,achieved through widening the phonon bandgap,which suppresses phonon scattering.Notably,the AAOO four-phonon scattering channel is more suppressed than the AAO three-phonon channel,leading to an increased phonon lifetime(τ).For As,κcan also be enhanced by 5%when replaced by lighter atoms,such as^(69)As,primarily due to the increased phonon group velocity(υ).We systematically clarify how atomic-mass-induced bandgap variations afectτ,υ,and thereforeκin wide-bandgap systems.Our work provides a specifc scheme for further improving the ultra-highκof materials with large bandgaps,which possesses great guiding signifcance.
基金The study was supported by Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(No.2462019YJRC008)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52074312).
文摘Proppant plays a critical role in the exploitation of oil and gas,especially in the development of nonconventional oil and gas resources.Proppants are small spheres that have adequate strength to withstand high closure stresses to keep cracks open;therefore,hydrocarbon fows smoothly into the wellbore.However,traditional proppants are prone to settling in hydraulic fracturing operations,which seriously afects the operation efect.To this end,ultralow-weight proppants have been extensively employed in the petroleum industry.One of the widespread forms of ultralow-weight proppant application in the oil and gas industry is related to light density.Ultralow-weight proppants will provide substantial fow paths with a considerably high propped surface area and remarkably reduce fne generation and scaling.This paper presents a comprehensive review of over 50 papers published in the past several decades on ultralow-weight proppants.The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the current ultralow-weight proppant development status in raw materials,manufacturing process,performance characteristics,hydrophobic and lipophilic capabilities,and feld application to promote the research of new ultralow-weight proppants.Lastly,this study analyzes the current challenges and emphasizes the development direction of fractured proppants.
文摘Enhanced oil recovery(EOR)processes are applied to recover trapped or residual oil in the reservoir rocks after primary and secondary recovery methods.Changing the wettability of the rock from oil-wet to water-wet is named wettability alteration.It is an important factor for EOR.Due to their unique properties,nanoparticles have gained great attention for improving oil recovery.Despite the promising results,the main challenges of applying nanoparticles are related to the colloidal stability of the nanofuids in the harsh conditions of the reservoirs.In recent years,polymer-grafted nanoparticles have been considered as novel promising materials for EOR.The obtained results showed that adding a hydrophobic agent trimethoxy(propyl)silane on the surface of modifed silica nanoparticles with polyethylene glycol methyl ether has an efective role in improving retention and wettability alteration,especially in the oil-wet substrate due to hydrophobic interaction.The modifed silica nanoparticle by mixed polyethylene glycol methyl ether(Mn~5000)and trimethoxy(propyl)silane showed a proper performance at a concentration of 1000 ppm and a salinity range of 2000-40,000 ppm.The obtained fndings can help for a better understanding of the silica nanofuid modifcation with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic agents for the EOR application of near-wellbore.
基金supported by the Exploratory Research Program of Petrochemical Research Institute (16-yk-01-03),PetroChina
文摘In this study,the deactivation mechanism caused by high accessibility of strong acid sites for the waste FCC catalyst was proposed and verified for the first time.Based on the proposed deactivation mechanism,magnesium modification through magnesium chloride impregnation was employed for the regeneration of waste FCC catalyst.The regenerated waste FCC catalyst was characterized,with its heavy oil catalytic cracking performance tested.The characterization results indicated that,in comparison with the unmodified waste FCC catalyst,the acid sites strength of the regenerated waste FCC catalyst was weakened,with no prominent alterations of the total acid sites quantity and textural properties.The heavy oil catalytic cracking results suggested that the catalytic cracking performance of the regenerated waste FCC catalyst was greatly improved due to the suitable surface acidity of the sample.In contrast with the unmodified waste FCC catalyst,the gasoline yield over the regenerated waste FCC catalyst significantly increased by 3.04 percentage points,meanwhile the yield of dry gas,LPG,coke and bottoms obviously decreased by 0.36,0.81,1.28 and 0.87 percentage points,respectively,making the regenerated waste FCC catalyst serve as a partial substitute for the fresh FCC catalyst.Finally,the acid property change mechanism was discussed.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFC1806504)Science and Technology Innovation and venture Fund of China Coal Technology and Engineering Group(No.2020-2-CXY001)We thank the editor and anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments.
文摘Lignite-derived humin(CHM)was extracted from raw coal in Heihe City,China,producing calcium-modifed lignite-derived humin(Ca-CHM)by Ca(OH)_(2).The physical and chemical performances of CHM and Ca-CHM were analyzed with SEM,^(13)C spectra and XPS techniques.The results show that Ca-CHM exhibited weaker aliphatic,more aromatic polar compared with CHM,which improves the adsorption capacity for Cd(Ⅱ).XPS analysis indicates that Ca(Ⅱ)has been loaded onto Ca-CHM successfully after modifcation.This batch adsorption experiments report the adsorption performance of CHM and Ca-CHM for Cd(Ⅱ).The adsorption process of CHM and Ca-CHM for Cd(Ⅱ)conform to pseudo-second-order model,which is chemical adsorption,and the adsorption data presented good fts to the Langmuir model.The maximum adsorption amount(Q_(m))of Cd(Ⅱ)onto CHM and Ca-CHM by the Langmuir model is 15.29 mg/g and 41.84 mg/g,respectively.Based on the results of SEM,^(13)C spectra,and XPS analysis,we concluded that the main adsorption mechanism of Ca-CHM on Cd(Ⅱ)was ion exchange of Cd(Ⅱ)for Ca(Ⅱ),static-adsorbed and surface complexation.Therefore,Ca(Ⅱ)can be loaded on the surface of Ca-CHM by chemical modifcation,improving the adsorption capacity of materials in aqueous solutions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82430035)the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of Hubei Province(2023AFA038)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF0702303,2024YFC2511101,and 2023YFE0203200)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2024BRA019).
文摘Hearing loss is one of the most prevalent sensory disorders affecting the human nervous system.Liquid–liquid phase separation(LLPS)is a physiological process that facilitates the reversible and dynamic assembly of biomolecular condensates.Increasing evidence suggests that LLPS plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of hereditary hearing loss.Nevertheless,there is a conspicuous lack of systematic investigations exploring the impact of LLPS abnormalities on the etiology of hereditary hearing loss.In this review,we examine the mechanisms by which dysfunctions in LLPS contribute to hereditary hearing loss,specifically focusing on its effects on mechanoelectrical transduction in hair bundles,transcriptional regulation,post-transcriptional modifications,the actin cytoskeleton,ion homeostasis within the inner ear,and energy and redox homeostasis.Furthermore,we evaluate the considerable potential of targeting LLPS as a therapeutic approach for hearing loss and propose innovative perspectives on LLPS that may guide future research initiatives in the field of auditory disorders.
基金This work was supported by grants to W.L.from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31730107,31970959,31671056).
文摘Background:βAmyloid(Aβ)-mediated neuronal hyperactivity,a key feature of the early stage of Alzheimer’s disease(AD),is recently proposed to be initiated by the suppression of glutamate reuptake.Nevertheless,the underlying mechanism by which the impaired glutamate reuptake causes neuronal hyperactivity remains unclear.Chronic suppression of the glutamate reuptake causes accumulation of ambient glutamate that could difuse from synaptic sites at the dendrites to the soma to elevate the tonic activation of somatic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors(NMDARs).However,less attention has been paid to the potential role of tonic activity change in extrasynaptic glutamate receptors(GluRs)located at the neuronal soma on generation of neuronal hyperactivity.Methods:Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were performed on CA1 pyramidal neurons in acute hippocampal slices exposed to TFB-threo-β-benzyloxyaspartic acid(TBOA)or human Aβ_(1-42) peptide oligomer.A series of dendritic patch-clamp recordings were made at diferent distances from the soma to identify the location of the changes in synaptic inputs.Moreover,single-channel recording in the cell-attached mode was performed to investigate the activity changes of single NMDARs at the soma.Results:Blocking glutamate uptake with either TBOA or the human Aβ_(1-42) peptide oligomer elicited potentiation of synaptic inputs in CA1 hippocampal neurons.Strikingly,this potentiation specifcally occurred at the soma,depending on the activation of somatic GluN2B-containing NMDARs(GluN2B-NMDARs)and accompanied by a substantial and persistent increment in the open probability of somatic NMDARs.Blocking the activity of GluN2B-NMDARs at the soma completely reversed both the TBOA-induced or the Aβ_(1-42)-induced somatic potentiation and neuronal hyperactivity.Conclusions:The somatic potentiation of synaptic inputs may represent a novel amplifcation mechanism that elevates cell excitability and thus contributes to neuronal hyperactivity initiated by impaired glutamate reuptake in AD.
