The user interface is a central component of any mo de rn application program. It determines how well end users accept, learn, and effi ciently work with the application program. The user interface is very difficult t...The user interface is a central component of any mo de rn application program. It determines how well end users accept, learn, and effi ciently work with the application program. The user interface is very difficult to design, to implement, to modify. It takes approximately 70% of the time requ ired for designing an application program. All the existing tools for user interface design can be divided into two basic c ategories-Interface Builders and Model-based Interface development tools, whic h trace their roots from user interface management systems. Interface Builders a re the most widespread and excellent to create layouts and manipulate widgets. H owever, Interface Builders have the follow demerits. An interface designed using Interface Builders can contain hundreds of procedures. Interface Builders give us no possibility to develop different pieces of the same interface separately. They do not help us in managing user tasks and can be used only by programmers. Model-based interface development tools have attracted a high degree of interes t in last few years. The basic premise of model based technology is that the interface development can be fully supported by declarative models of all user interface characteristics such as their presen tation, dialogue, domain of application etc, and then the user interface develop ment can be centered around such models. The high potential of this technology has not been realized yet. This fact has the following reasons. The known interface models are partial representations of interfaces. They cannot be readily modified by developers, and are not publicly available to the HCI community. The central ingredient for success in model-ba sed systems is a declarative, complete, versatile interface model that can expre ss a wide variety of interface designs. Therefore tool developers have to avoid the following disadvantages of current interface models: inflexibility, system- dependence, and incompleteness. The main idea to achieve these model character istics mention above is to use ontologies. This broadened interest in ontologies is based on the fact that they provide ma chine-understandable representation of semantics for information, and a shared and common understanding of a domain that can be communicated between people and across application systems. Support in data, information, and knowledge exchang e becomes the key issue in current computer technology. At the moment we are on the brink of the second Web generation called Semantic Web or Knowledgeable Web. Given the increasing amount of information available on-line, this kind of sup port is becoming more important day by day. The main idea of the proposed approach is to replace interface models by appropr iate ontologies. Some parts of these ontologies will be available from the Inter net; the other parts will be built by developers. As a result of the Semantic We b development we will have increasing the number of ontologies formally describe d in the Internet. The terminology and content of these ontologies will be inter nationally standardized. Reusing these ontologies will bring down the cost of de velopment and improve the quality of user interface. The parts of a user interface model are-a domain ontology model, a dialog ontol ogy model, presentation ontology model, "business- logic" variable ontology mod el and correspondences between these parts. Thus, the user interface development based on ontologies is an evolution of th e model-based approach, where appropriate ontologies are used instead of models .展开更多
Recently,a specific interest is being taken in the development of mobile application(app)via Model-Based User Interface Development(MBUID)approach.MBUID allows the generation of mobile apps in the target platform(s)fr...Recently,a specific interest is being taken in the development of mobile application(app)via Model-Based User Interface Development(MBUID)approach.MBUID allows the generation of mobile apps in the target platform(s)from conceptual models.As such it simplified the development process of mobile app.However,the interest is only focused on the functional aspects of the mobile app while neglecting the non-functional aspects,such as usability.The latter is largely considered as the main factor leading to the success or failure of any software system.This paper aims at addressing non-functional aspects of mobile apps generated using MBUID approach.As such,we propose a usability-driven approach for the development of mobile apps.The main stages of the proposed approach are defined in a generic way so that they can be integrated with any MBUID method.A case study is presented,in the paper,with the aim of illustrating the feasibility of this approach.展开更多
A domain knowledge driven user interface development approach is described.As a conceptual de- sign of the user interface,the domain knowledge defines the user interface in terms of objects,actions and their relations...A domain knowledge driven user interface development approach is described.As a conceptual de- sign of the user interface,the domain knowledge defines the user interface in terms of objects,actions and their relationships that the user would use to interact with the application system.It also serves as input to a user interface management system(UIMS)and is the kernel of the target user interface. The principal ideas and the implementation techniques of the approach is discussed.The user interface model,user interface designer oriented high-level specification notation,and the transformation algorithms on domain knowledge are presented.展开更多
In the last years, the types of devices used to access information systems have notably increased using different operating systems, screen sizes, interaction mechanisms, and software features. This device fragmentati...In the last years, the types of devices used to access information systems have notably increased using different operating systems, screen sizes, interaction mechanisms, and software features. This device fragmentation is an important issue to tackle when developing native mobile service front-end applications. To address this issue,we propose the generation of native user interfaces(UIs) by means of model transformations, following the modelbased user interface(MBUI) paradigm. The resulting MBUI framework, called LIZARD, generates applications for multiple target platforms. LIZARD allows the definition of applications at a high level of abstraction, and applies model transformations to generate the target native UI considering the specific features of target platforms. The generated applications follow the UI design guidelines and the architectural and design patterns specified by the corresponding operating system manufacturer. The objective is not to generate generic applications following the lowest-common-denominator approach, but to follow the particular guidelines specified for each target device. We present an example application modeled in LIZARD, generating different UIs for Windows Phone and two types of Android devices(smartphones and tablets).展开更多
用户界面描述语言是实现模型驱动的用户界面开发的重要方式.当前的用户界面描述语言一方面在对不同物理特性的交互设备上的用户界面的描述能力不足;另一方面,缺乏可扩展性及界面描述的组成部分的可复用性.针对上述问题,设计出一种界面...用户界面描述语言是实现模型驱动的用户界面开发的重要方式.当前的用户界面描述语言一方面在对不同物理特性的交互设备上的用户界面的描述能力不足;另一方面,缺乏可扩展性及界面描述的组成部分的可复用性.针对上述问题,设计出一种界面描述语言——E-UIDL(extensible user interface description language).该语言遵循层次化、模块化的设计原则,能够支持多设备、多通道的用户界面的描述,并通过实例说明描述语言对笔式用户界面开发、多设备界面自动生成以及自适应用户界面开发的支持,深入地阐述了E-UIDL的特性.展开更多
当前的用户界面开发过程需要产品经理、交互设计师、视觉设计师及用户界面开发工程师等多个角色的共同参与,各个角色的分工越来越细致,并且不同的角色在开发过程中使用的工具各不相同,这导致了界面开发过程中沟通成本的增加以及工作效...当前的用户界面开发过程需要产品经理、交互设计师、视觉设计师及用户界面开发工程师等多个角色的共同参与,各个角色的分工越来越细致,并且不同的角色在开发过程中使用的工具各不相同,这导致了界面开发过程中沟通成本的增加以及工作效率的降低.介绍了一种基于用户界面描述语言的开发方法,该方法能够降低用户界面开发过程中不同角色之间的沟通成本及转换成本,提高用户界面开发的效率.首先介绍E-UIDL(extensible user interface description language)——一种新的用户界面描述语言,并在此基础上设计了基于E-UIDL的开发方法及辅助开发工具,最后,通过实例介绍了利用基于E-UIDL的开发工具进行界面开发的过程,证明了基于用户界面描述语言的开发方法的可行性及优势.展开更多
文摘The user interface is a central component of any mo de rn application program. It determines how well end users accept, learn, and effi ciently work with the application program. The user interface is very difficult to design, to implement, to modify. It takes approximately 70% of the time requ ired for designing an application program. All the existing tools for user interface design can be divided into two basic c ategories-Interface Builders and Model-based Interface development tools, whic h trace their roots from user interface management systems. Interface Builders a re the most widespread and excellent to create layouts and manipulate widgets. H owever, Interface Builders have the follow demerits. An interface designed using Interface Builders can contain hundreds of procedures. Interface Builders give us no possibility to develop different pieces of the same interface separately. They do not help us in managing user tasks and can be used only by programmers. Model-based interface development tools have attracted a high degree of interes t in last few years. The basic premise of model based technology is that the interface development can be fully supported by declarative models of all user interface characteristics such as their presen tation, dialogue, domain of application etc, and then the user interface develop ment can be centered around such models. The high potential of this technology has not been realized yet. This fact has the following reasons. The known interface models are partial representations of interfaces. They cannot be readily modified by developers, and are not publicly available to the HCI community. The central ingredient for success in model-ba sed systems is a declarative, complete, versatile interface model that can expre ss a wide variety of interface designs. Therefore tool developers have to avoid the following disadvantages of current interface models: inflexibility, system- dependence, and incompleteness. The main idea to achieve these model character istics mention above is to use ontologies. This broadened interest in ontologies is based on the fact that they provide ma chine-understandable representation of semantics for information, and a shared and common understanding of a domain that can be communicated between people and across application systems. Support in data, information, and knowledge exchang e becomes the key issue in current computer technology. At the moment we are on the brink of the second Web generation called Semantic Web or Knowledgeable Web. Given the increasing amount of information available on-line, this kind of sup port is becoming more important day by day. The main idea of the proposed approach is to replace interface models by appropr iate ontologies. Some parts of these ontologies will be available from the Inter net; the other parts will be built by developers. As a result of the Semantic We b development we will have increasing the number of ontologies formally describe d in the Internet. The terminology and content of these ontologies will be inter nationally standardized. Reusing these ontologies will bring down the cost of de velopment and improve the quality of user interface. The parts of a user interface model are-a domain ontology model, a dialog ontol ogy model, presentation ontology model, "business- logic" variable ontology mod el and correspondences between these parts. Thus, the user interface development based on ontologies is an evolution of th e model-based approach, where appropriate ontologies are used instead of models .
基金supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University under the research project\#2021/01/17815.
文摘Recently,a specific interest is being taken in the development of mobile application(app)via Model-Based User Interface Development(MBUID)approach.MBUID allows the generation of mobile apps in the target platform(s)from conceptual models.As such it simplified the development process of mobile app.However,the interest is only focused on the functional aspects of the mobile app while neglecting the non-functional aspects,such as usability.The latter is largely considered as the main factor leading to the success or failure of any software system.This paper aims at addressing non-functional aspects of mobile apps generated using MBUID approach.As such,we propose a usability-driven approach for the development of mobile apps.The main stages of the proposed approach are defined in a generic way so that they can be integrated with any MBUID method.A case study is presented,in the paper,with the aim of illustrating the feasibility of this approach.
基金The project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘A domain knowledge driven user interface development approach is described.As a conceptual de- sign of the user interface,the domain knowledge defines the user interface in terms of objects,actions and their relationships that the user would use to interact with the application system.It also serves as input to a user interface management system(UIMS)and is the kernel of the target user interface. The principal ideas and the implementation techniques of the approach is discussed.The user interface model,user interface designer oriented high-level specification notation,and the transformation algorithms on domain knowledge are presented.
基金Project supported by the European Commission’s FP7 Serenoa Project(No.258030)the National Program for Research,Development and Innovation,the Department of Science and Technology,Spain(No.TIN2011-25978)+1 种基金European Regional Development Funds(ERDF)European Union,and the Principality of Asturias,Science,Technology and Innovation Plan(No.GRUPIN14-100)
文摘In the last years, the types of devices used to access information systems have notably increased using different operating systems, screen sizes, interaction mechanisms, and software features. This device fragmentation is an important issue to tackle when developing native mobile service front-end applications. To address this issue,we propose the generation of native user interfaces(UIs) by means of model transformations, following the modelbased user interface(MBUI) paradigm. The resulting MBUI framework, called LIZARD, generates applications for multiple target platforms. LIZARD allows the definition of applications at a high level of abstraction, and applies model transformations to generate the target native UI considering the specific features of target platforms. The generated applications follow the UI design guidelines and the architectural and design patterns specified by the corresponding operating system manufacturer. The objective is not to generate generic applications following the lowest-common-denominator approach, but to follow the particular guidelines specified for each target device. We present an example application modeled in LIZARD, generating different UIs for Windows Phone and two types of Android devices(smartphones and tablets).
文摘用户界面描述语言是实现模型驱动的用户界面开发的重要方式.当前的用户界面描述语言一方面在对不同物理特性的交互设备上的用户界面的描述能力不足;另一方面,缺乏可扩展性及界面描述的组成部分的可复用性.针对上述问题,设计出一种界面描述语言——E-UIDL(extensible user interface description language).该语言遵循层次化、模块化的设计原则,能够支持多设备、多通道的用户界面的描述,并通过实例说明描述语言对笔式用户界面开发、多设备界面自动生成以及自适应用户界面开发的支持,深入地阐述了E-UIDL的特性.
文摘当前的用户界面开发过程需要产品经理、交互设计师、视觉设计师及用户界面开发工程师等多个角色的共同参与,各个角色的分工越来越细致,并且不同的角色在开发过程中使用的工具各不相同,这导致了界面开发过程中沟通成本的增加以及工作效率的降低.介绍了一种基于用户界面描述语言的开发方法,该方法能够降低用户界面开发过程中不同角色之间的沟通成本及转换成本,提高用户界面开发的效率.首先介绍E-UIDL(extensible user interface description language)——一种新的用户界面描述语言,并在此基础上设计了基于E-UIDL的开发方法及辅助开发工具,最后,通过实例介绍了利用基于E-UIDL的开发工具进行界面开发的过程,证明了基于用户界面描述语言的开发方法的可行性及优势.
