The challenge of transitioning from temporary humanitarian settlements to more sustainable human settlements is due to a significant increase in the number of forcibly displaced people over recent decades, difficultie...The challenge of transitioning from temporary humanitarian settlements to more sustainable human settlements is due to a significant increase in the number of forcibly displaced people over recent decades, difficulties in providing social services that meet the required standards, and the prolongation of emergencies. Despite this challenging context, short-term considerations continue to guide their planning and management rather than more integrated, longer-term perspectives, thus preventing viable, sustainable development. Over the years, the design of humanitarian settlements has not been adapted to local contexts and perspectives, nor to the dynamics of urbanization and population growth and data. In addition, the current approach to temporary settlement harms the environment and can strain limited resources. Inefficient land use and ad hoc development models have compounded difficulties and generated new challenges. As a result, living conditions in settlements have deteriorated over the last few decades and continue to pose new challenges. The stakes are such that major shortcomings have emerged along the way, leading to disruption, budget overruns in a context marked by a steady decline in funding. However, some attempts have been made to shift towards more sustainable approaches, but these have mainly focused on vague, sector-oriented themes, failing to consider systematic and integration views. This study is a contribution in addressing these shortcomings by designing a model-driving solution, emphasizing an integrated system conceptualized as a system of systems. This paper proposes a new methodology for designing an integrated and sustainable human settlement model, based on Model-Based Systems Engineering and a Systems Modeling Language to provide valuable insights toward sustainable solutions for displaced populations aligning with the United Nations 2030 agenda for sustainable development.展开更多
Model-based system-of-systems(SOS)engineering(MBSoSE)is becoming a promising solution for the design of SoS with increasing complexity.However,bridging the models from the design phase to the simulation phase poses si...Model-based system-of-systems(SOS)engineering(MBSoSE)is becoming a promising solution for the design of SoS with increasing complexity.However,bridging the models from the design phase to the simulation phase poses significant challenges and requires an integrated approach.In this study,a unified requirement modeling approach is proposed based on unified architecture framework(UAF).Theoretical models are proposed which compose formalized descriptions from both topdown and bottom-up perspectives.Based on the description,the UAF profile is proposed to represent the SoS mission and constituent systems(CS)goal.Moreover,the agent-based simulation information is also described based on the overview,design concepts,and details(ODD)protocol as the complement part of the SoS profile,which can be transformed into different simulation platforms based on the eXtensible markup language(XML)technology and model-to-text method.In this way,the design of the SoS is simulated automatically in the early design stage.Finally,the method is implemented and an example is given to illustrate the whole process.展开更多
电磁场有限元仿真软件在电磁设计和分析中至关重要。然而商业软件价格高昂且功能冗余,同时随着人工智能(AI)的发展,深度学习与传统数值模拟的结合提升了仿真精度和效率。为此,亟须开发自主可控、轻量化、面向企业定制的智能仿真软件。...电磁场有限元仿真软件在电磁设计和分析中至关重要。然而商业软件价格高昂且功能冗余,同时随着人工智能(AI)的发展,深度学习与传统数值模拟的结合提升了仿真精度和效率。为此,亟须开发自主可控、轻量化、面向企业定制的智能仿真软件。该文首先提出了双向耦合的设计方法,使仿真软件能适应复杂需求。然后,基于模型系统工程(MBSE)方法,建立四个层级的电磁场有限元仿真软件的架构设计流程,并完成软件的建模,实现了系统结构和行为的定义和可视化。最后,基于Python开发了集成AI的软件原型IFEM,并通过两个实际案例验证了其功能和准确性。研究成果提高了软件开发的质量、效率和知识传承能力,为数值模拟工业软件在AI for Science背景下的AI集成提供了有效思路。展开更多
在传统基于文本的危化品车辆监控预警系统设计开发过程中,存在设计过程缺失、表意不清、模块化和扩展性低、无法进行回溯与仿真验证等问题。为提高危化品车辆监控预警系统的设计质量和效率,在概念设计阶段引入基于模型的系统工程(model-...在传统基于文本的危化品车辆监控预警系统设计开发过程中,存在设计过程缺失、表意不清、模块化和扩展性低、无法进行回溯与仿真验证等问题。为提高危化品车辆监控预警系统的设计质量和效率,在概念设计阶段引入基于模型的系统工程(model-based systems engineering,MBSE),提出危化品车辆监控预警系统设计流程。该流程将交互关系和约束关系贯穿于各阶段中,以系统需求为核心,明确系统参数的构建步骤和脉络,建立涵盖行为、结构和参数的系统模型。经验证,该模型可实现“需求行为结构参数”4个维度的紧密结合,加强对危化品车辆的监控预警和对应急事件的准备。展开更多
针对民用直升机显控系统需求难以追溯、交互设计缺陷难以洞察以及早期系统设计验证难以实现等问题,提出基于MBSE(model-based system engineering)和VAPS的民用直升机显控系统设计与验证方法。捕获利益攸关者需求形成系统需求,将系统需...针对民用直升机显控系统需求难以追溯、交互设计缺陷难以洞察以及早期系统设计验证难以实现等问题,提出基于MBSE(model-based system engineering)和VAPS的民用直升机显控系统设计与验证方法。捕获利益攸关者需求形成系统需求,将系统需求分配给系统用例;构建黑盒活动图、顺序图自顶向下开展“需求–功能分析”描述显控系统级功能流,建立可运行的黑盒状态机验证功能逻辑设计的合理性;在黑盒功能架构的基础上进一步划分以构建显控系统架构,通过与飞行员交流迭代优化分配方案,将黑盒活动图中的活动分配到各显控子系统中实现功能向下传递,保证系统设计过程的连贯性。基于人机界面设计工具VAPS开发飞行员操作程序,验证了基于MBSE设计的显控系统需求、功能、逻辑的一致性和架构的合理性,实现了需求设计到验证的完全覆盖。展开更多
The challenges posed by smart manufacturing for the process industries and for process systems engineering（PSE） researchers are discussed in this article. Much progress has been made in achieving plant- and site-wid...The challenges posed by smart manufacturing for the process industries and for process systems engineering（PSE） researchers are discussed in this article. Much progress has been made in achieving plant- and site-wide optimization, hut benchmarking would give greater confidence. Technical challenges confrontingprocess systems engineers in developing enabling tools and techniques are discussed regarding flexibilityand uncertainty, responsiveness and agility, robustness and security, the prediction of mixture propertiesand function, and new modeling and mathematics paradigms. Exploiting intelligence from big data to driveagility will require tackling new challenges, such as how to ensure the consistency and confidentiality ofdata through long and complex supply chains. Modeling challenges also exist, and involve ensuring that allkey aspects are properly modeled, particularly where health, safety, and environmental concerns requireaccurate predictions of small but critical amounts at specific locations. Environmental concerns will requireus to keep a closer track on all molecular species so that they are optimally used to create sustainablesolutions. Disruptive business models may result, particularly from new personalized products, but that isdifficult to predict.展开更多
Refugee settlements face several challenges in transitioning from a temporary planning approach to more sustainable settlements. This is mainly due to an increase in the number of forcibly displaced people over the la...Refugee settlements face several challenges in transitioning from a temporary planning approach to more sustainable settlements. This is mainly due to an increase in the number of forcibly displaced people over the last few decades, and the difficulties of sustainably providing social services that meet the required standards. The development of refugee settlements assumed that forcibly displaced people would return to their places or countries of origin. Unfortunately, displacement situations are prolonged indefinitely, forcing these people to spend most of their lives in conditions that are often deplorable and substandard, and therefore unsustainable. In most cases, the establishment of refugee settlements is triggered by an emergency caused by an influx of forcibly displaced people, who need to be accommodated urgently and provided with some form of international assistance and protection. This leaves little or no time for proper planning for long-term development as required. In addition, the current approach to temporary settlement harms the environment and can strain limited resources with ad hoc development models that have exacerbated difficulties. As a result, living conditions in refugee settlements have deteriorated over the last few decades and continue to pose challenges as to how best to design, plan, and sustain settlements over time. To contribute to addressing these challenges, this study proposes a new methodology supported by Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) and a Systems Modeling Language (SysML) to develop a typical sustainable human settlement system model, which has functionally and operationally executed using a Systems Engineering (SE) approach. To assess the sustainability capacity of the proposed system, this work applies a matrix of crossed impact multiplication through a case study by conducting a system capacity interdependence analysis (SCIA) using the MICMAC methodology (Cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification) to assess the interdependency that exist between the sub-systems categories to deliver services at the system level. The sustainability analysis results based on capacity variables influence and dependency models shows that development activities in the settlement are unstable and, therefore, unsustainable since there is no apparent difference between the influential and dependent data used for the assessment. These results illustrate that an integrated system could improve human settlements’ sustainability and that capacity building in service delivery is beneficial and necessary.展开更多
氢燃料电池已成为未来船用新型动力源的重要发展方向。然而,随着船舶动力系统复杂度快速攀升,传统以文档为核心的系统工程方法已难以满足混动系统快速迭代的研制需求。该文提出了基于模型系统工程(model-based systems engineering,MBSE...氢燃料电池已成为未来船用新型动力源的重要发展方向。然而,随着船舶动力系统复杂度快速攀升,传统以文档为核心的系统工程方法已难以满足混动系统快速迭代的研制需求。该文提出了基于模型系统工程(model-based systems engineering,MBSE)方法的氢燃料船混动系统设计验证方法:首先,基于SysML语言从船舶工程总体需求出发,按需求定义、功能分析、逻辑设计对系统的总体任务层、系统层和子系统层逐层分解建模;其次,通过对模型的集成仿真,验证其功能逻辑合理性;最后,搭建Simulink性能仿真模型,对氢燃料船混动系统的性能参数进行仿真计算。该文以氢燃料船混动系统为例,验证了设计验证流程的可行性,以及对于复杂系统设计迭代的有效性,为船舶领域MBSE方法应用提供参考。展开更多
为进一步提高载人航天器在轨物资补给任务的设计效率,同时更好地应对任务变更与调整,通过基于模型的系统工程(model based systems engineering,MBSE)方法,建立顶层任务、物资补给需求、航天器型谱运输能力、运输成本等多维度元素之间...为进一步提高载人航天器在轨物资补给任务的设计效率,同时更好地应对任务变更与调整,通过基于模型的系统工程(model based systems engineering,MBSE)方法,建立顶层任务、物资补给需求、航天器型谱运输能力、运输成本等多维度元素之间的关联,开展在轨物资补给任务设计的方法研究,引入运输成本指标进行多目标权衡,可快速得到既满足任务需求又经济的在轨物资补给任务安排方案。通过应用MBSE方法进行总体分析与设计,验证了基于模型的方式易于进行关联性和影响域分析,有效提升设计效率,为深空探测、航空等领域运输任务安排提供参考,为后续探索载人航天总体任务数字化设计奠定基础。展开更多
针对未来月球探测任务中探测器系统使用需求和综合设计难点,为有效解决各型探测器使用兼容、网络通联、维护保障等问题,以基于模型的系统工程(model-based systems engineering,MBSE)正向设计为指导,结合互操作性设计思想,提出基于“场...针对未来月球探测任务中探测器系统使用需求和综合设计难点,为有效解决各型探测器使用兼容、网络通联、维护保障等问题,以基于模型的系统工程(model-based systems engineering,MBSE)正向设计为指导,结合互操作性设计思想,提出基于“场景分析-需求分析-功能与架构分析-架构设计”的系统架构开发流程。以典型任务场景下探测器系统互操作能力需求为输入,构建关键功能约束下的系统用例、活动、时序、状态等视图模型,通过权衡分析,形成探测器最小单元物理架构,为多种构型探测器架构和功能配置设计提供可行性方法,提升系统开发和验证效率。展开更多
文摘The challenge of transitioning from temporary humanitarian settlements to more sustainable human settlements is due to a significant increase in the number of forcibly displaced people over recent decades, difficulties in providing social services that meet the required standards, and the prolongation of emergencies. Despite this challenging context, short-term considerations continue to guide their planning and management rather than more integrated, longer-term perspectives, thus preventing viable, sustainable development. Over the years, the design of humanitarian settlements has not been adapted to local contexts and perspectives, nor to the dynamics of urbanization and population growth and data. In addition, the current approach to temporary settlement harms the environment and can strain limited resources. Inefficient land use and ad hoc development models have compounded difficulties and generated new challenges. As a result, living conditions in settlements have deteriorated over the last few decades and continue to pose new challenges. The stakes are such that major shortcomings have emerged along the way, leading to disruption, budget overruns in a context marked by a steady decline in funding. However, some attempts have been made to shift towards more sustainable approaches, but these have mainly focused on vague, sector-oriented themes, failing to consider systematic and integration views. This study is a contribution in addressing these shortcomings by designing a model-driving solution, emphasizing an integrated system conceptualized as a system of systems. This paper proposes a new methodology for designing an integrated and sustainable human settlement model, based on Model-Based Systems Engineering and a Systems Modeling Language to provide valuable insights toward sustainable solutions for displaced populations aligning with the United Nations 2030 agenda for sustainable development.
基金Fifth Electronic Research Institute of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology(HK07202200877)Pre-research Project on Civil Aerospace Technologies of CNSA(D020101)+2 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project(2022C01052)Frontier Scientific Research Program of Deep Space Exploration Laboratory(2022-QYKYJHHXYF-018,2022-QYKYJH-GCXD-001)Zhiyuan Laboratory(ZYL2024001)。
文摘Model-based system-of-systems(SOS)engineering(MBSoSE)is becoming a promising solution for the design of SoS with increasing complexity.However,bridging the models from the design phase to the simulation phase poses significant challenges and requires an integrated approach.In this study,a unified requirement modeling approach is proposed based on unified architecture framework(UAF).Theoretical models are proposed which compose formalized descriptions from both topdown and bottom-up perspectives.Based on the description,the UAF profile is proposed to represent the SoS mission and constituent systems(CS)goal.Moreover,the agent-based simulation information is also described based on the overview,design concepts,and details(ODD)protocol as the complement part of the SoS profile,which can be transformed into different simulation platforms based on the eXtensible markup language(XML)technology and model-to-text method.In this way,the design of the SoS is simulated automatically in the early design stage.Finally,the method is implemented and an example is given to illustrate the whole process.
文摘电磁场有限元仿真软件在电磁设计和分析中至关重要。然而商业软件价格高昂且功能冗余,同时随着人工智能(AI)的发展,深度学习与传统数值模拟的结合提升了仿真精度和效率。为此,亟须开发自主可控、轻量化、面向企业定制的智能仿真软件。该文首先提出了双向耦合的设计方法,使仿真软件能适应复杂需求。然后,基于模型系统工程(MBSE)方法,建立四个层级的电磁场有限元仿真软件的架构设计流程,并完成软件的建模,实现了系统结构和行为的定义和可视化。最后,基于Python开发了集成AI的软件原型IFEM,并通过两个实际案例验证了其功能和准确性。研究成果提高了软件开发的质量、效率和知识传承能力,为数值模拟工业软件在AI for Science背景下的AI集成提供了有效思路。
文摘在传统基于文本的危化品车辆监控预警系统设计开发过程中,存在设计过程缺失、表意不清、模块化和扩展性低、无法进行回溯与仿真验证等问题。为提高危化品车辆监控预警系统的设计质量和效率,在概念设计阶段引入基于模型的系统工程(model-based systems engineering,MBSE),提出危化品车辆监控预警系统设计流程。该流程将交互关系和约束关系贯穿于各阶段中,以系统需求为核心,明确系统参数的构建步骤和脉络,建立涵盖行为、结构和参数的系统模型。经验证,该模型可实现“需求行为结构参数”4个维度的紧密结合,加强对危化品车辆的监控预警和对应急事件的准备。
文摘针对民用直升机显控系统需求难以追溯、交互设计缺陷难以洞察以及早期系统设计验证难以实现等问题,提出基于MBSE(model-based system engineering)和VAPS的民用直升机显控系统设计与验证方法。捕获利益攸关者需求形成系统需求,将系统需求分配给系统用例;构建黑盒活动图、顺序图自顶向下开展“需求–功能分析”描述显控系统级功能流,建立可运行的黑盒状态机验证功能逻辑设计的合理性;在黑盒功能架构的基础上进一步划分以构建显控系统架构,通过与飞行员交流迭代优化分配方案,将黑盒活动图中的活动分配到各显控子系统中实现功能向下传递,保证系统设计过程的连贯性。基于人机界面设计工具VAPS开发飞行员操作程序,验证了基于MBSE设计的显控系统需求、功能、逻辑的一致性和架构的合理性,实现了需求设计到验证的完全覆盖。
文摘The challenges posed by smart manufacturing for the process industries and for process systems engineering（PSE） researchers are discussed in this article. Much progress has been made in achieving plant- and site-wide optimization, hut benchmarking would give greater confidence. Technical challenges confrontingprocess systems engineers in developing enabling tools and techniques are discussed regarding flexibilityand uncertainty, responsiveness and agility, robustness and security, the prediction of mixture propertiesand function, and new modeling and mathematics paradigms. Exploiting intelligence from big data to driveagility will require tackling new challenges, such as how to ensure the consistency and confidentiality ofdata through long and complex supply chains. Modeling challenges also exist, and involve ensuring that allkey aspects are properly modeled, particularly where health, safety, and environmental concerns requireaccurate predictions of small but critical amounts at specific locations. Environmental concerns will requireus to keep a closer track on all molecular species so that they are optimally used to create sustainablesolutions. Disruptive business models may result, particularly from new personalized products, but that isdifficult to predict.
文摘Refugee settlements face several challenges in transitioning from a temporary planning approach to more sustainable settlements. This is mainly due to an increase in the number of forcibly displaced people over the last few decades, and the difficulties of sustainably providing social services that meet the required standards. The development of refugee settlements assumed that forcibly displaced people would return to their places or countries of origin. Unfortunately, displacement situations are prolonged indefinitely, forcing these people to spend most of their lives in conditions that are often deplorable and substandard, and therefore unsustainable. In most cases, the establishment of refugee settlements is triggered by an emergency caused by an influx of forcibly displaced people, who need to be accommodated urgently and provided with some form of international assistance and protection. This leaves little or no time for proper planning for long-term development as required. In addition, the current approach to temporary settlement harms the environment and can strain limited resources with ad hoc development models that have exacerbated difficulties. As a result, living conditions in refugee settlements have deteriorated over the last few decades and continue to pose challenges as to how best to design, plan, and sustain settlements over time. To contribute to addressing these challenges, this study proposes a new methodology supported by Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) and a Systems Modeling Language (SysML) to develop a typical sustainable human settlement system model, which has functionally and operationally executed using a Systems Engineering (SE) approach. To assess the sustainability capacity of the proposed system, this work applies a matrix of crossed impact multiplication through a case study by conducting a system capacity interdependence analysis (SCIA) using the MICMAC methodology (Cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification) to assess the interdependency that exist between the sub-systems categories to deliver services at the system level. The sustainability analysis results based on capacity variables influence and dependency models shows that development activities in the settlement are unstable and, therefore, unsustainable since there is no apparent difference between the influential and dependent data used for the assessment. These results illustrate that an integrated system could improve human settlements’ sustainability and that capacity building in service delivery is beneficial and necessary.
文摘氢燃料电池已成为未来船用新型动力源的重要发展方向。然而,随着船舶动力系统复杂度快速攀升,传统以文档为核心的系统工程方法已难以满足混动系统快速迭代的研制需求。该文提出了基于模型系统工程(model-based systems engineering,MBSE)方法的氢燃料船混动系统设计验证方法:首先,基于SysML语言从船舶工程总体需求出发,按需求定义、功能分析、逻辑设计对系统的总体任务层、系统层和子系统层逐层分解建模;其次,通过对模型的集成仿真,验证其功能逻辑合理性;最后,搭建Simulink性能仿真模型,对氢燃料船混动系统的性能参数进行仿真计算。该文以氢燃料船混动系统为例,验证了设计验证流程的可行性,以及对于复杂系统设计迭代的有效性,为船舶领域MBSE方法应用提供参考。
文摘为进一步提高载人航天器在轨物资补给任务的设计效率,同时更好地应对任务变更与调整,通过基于模型的系统工程(model based systems engineering,MBSE)方法,建立顶层任务、物资补给需求、航天器型谱运输能力、运输成本等多维度元素之间的关联,开展在轨物资补给任务设计的方法研究,引入运输成本指标进行多目标权衡,可快速得到既满足任务需求又经济的在轨物资补给任务安排方案。通过应用MBSE方法进行总体分析与设计,验证了基于模型的方式易于进行关联性和影响域分析,有效提升设计效率,为深空探测、航空等领域运输任务安排提供参考,为后续探索载人航天总体任务数字化设计奠定基础。
文摘针对未来月球探测任务中探测器系统使用需求和综合设计难点,为有效解决各型探测器使用兼容、网络通联、维护保障等问题,以基于模型的系统工程(model-based systems engineering,MBSE)正向设计为指导,结合互操作性设计思想,提出基于“场景分析-需求分析-功能与架构分析-架构设计”的系统架构开发流程。以典型任务场景下探测器系统互操作能力需求为输入,构建关键功能约束下的系统用例、活动、时序、状态等视图模型,通过权衡分析,形成探测器最小单元物理架构,为多种构型探测器架构和功能配置设计提供可行性方法,提升系统开发和验证效率。
