The challenge of transitioning from temporary humanitarian settlements to more sustainable human settlements is due to a significant increase in the number of forcibly displaced people over recent decades, difficultie...The challenge of transitioning from temporary humanitarian settlements to more sustainable human settlements is due to a significant increase in the number of forcibly displaced people over recent decades, difficulties in providing social services that meet the required standards, and the prolongation of emergencies. Despite this challenging context, short-term considerations continue to guide their planning and management rather than more integrated, longer-term perspectives, thus preventing viable, sustainable development. Over the years, the design of humanitarian settlements has not been adapted to local contexts and perspectives, nor to the dynamics of urbanization and population growth and data. In addition, the current approach to temporary settlement harms the environment and can strain limited resources. Inefficient land use and ad hoc development models have compounded difficulties and generated new challenges. As a result, living conditions in settlements have deteriorated over the last few decades and continue to pose new challenges. The stakes are such that major shortcomings have emerged along the way, leading to disruption, budget overruns in a context marked by a steady decline in funding. However, some attempts have been made to shift towards more sustainable approaches, but these have mainly focused on vague, sector-oriented themes, failing to consider systematic and integration views. This study is a contribution in addressing these shortcomings by designing a model-driving solution, emphasizing an integrated system conceptualized as a system of systems. This paper proposes a new methodology for designing an integrated and sustainable human settlement model, based on Model-Based Systems Engineering and a Systems Modeling Language to provide valuable insights toward sustainable solutions for displaced populations aligning with the United Nations 2030 agenda for sustainable development.展开更多
As pivotal supporting technologies for smart manufacturing and digital engineering,model-based and data-driven methods have been widely applied in many industrial fields,such as product design,process monitoring,and s...As pivotal supporting technologies for smart manufacturing and digital engineering,model-based and data-driven methods have been widely applied in many industrial fields,such as product design,process monitoring,and smart maintenance.While promising,both methods have issues that need to be addressed.For example,model-based methods are limited by low computational accuracy and a high computational burden,and data-driven methods always suffer from poor interpretability and redundant features.To address these issues,the concept of data-model fusion(DMF)emerges as a promising solution.DMF involves integrating model-based methods with data-driven methods by incorporating big data into model-based methods or embedding relevant domain knowledge into data-driven methods.Despite growing efforts in the field of DMF,a unanimous definition of DMF remains elusive,and a general framework of DMF has been rarely discussed.This paper aims to address this gap by providing a thorough overview and categorization of both data-driven methods and model-based methods.Subsequently,this paper also presents the definition and categorization of DMF and discusses the general framework of DMF.Moreover,the primary seven applications of DMF are reviewed within the context of smart manufacturing and digital engineering.Finally,this paper directs the future directions of DMF.展开更多
为解决现有民用航空器适航规章对氢能源动力飞机的设计特征存在潜在适用性差异和覆盖性不全问题,对氢能源动力飞机适航基础分析。首先,以民用航空正常类飞机适航规章为基础,运用基于模型的系统工程(model-based systems engineering,MB...为解决现有民用航空器适航规章对氢能源动力飞机的设计特征存在潜在适用性差异和覆盖性不全问题,对氢能源动力飞机适航基础分析。首先,以民用航空正常类飞机适航规章为基础,运用基于模型的系统工程(model-based systems engineering,MBSE)方法,利用系统建模语言构建了适航条款自动化分析框架。然后,基于给定的适航条款适用性分析准则与流程,对3类不同氢能源飞机进行了架构分析与适航需求对比。研究结果表明,MBSE方法能够为氢能源动力飞机的设计和适航审定提供有效的决策支持,提升审定效率。所提方法可以兼顾优先性、一致性和正确性,确保适用性判断准确可靠,避免经验判断误差。展开更多
为支撑铁路系统模型建设的数字化转型,将基于模型的系统工程(MBSE,Model-Based Systems Engineering)方法融入铁路体系结构设计领域,阐述面向铁路系统设计的MBSE建模方法和流程,构建铁路体系结构MBSE模型,并设计铁路体系结构建模平台。...为支撑铁路系统模型建设的数字化转型,将基于模型的系统工程(MBSE,Model-Based Systems Engineering)方法融入铁路体系结构设计领域,阐述面向铁路系统设计的MBSE建模方法和流程,构建铁路体系结构MBSE模型,并设计铁路体系结构建模平台。以铁路旅客运输场景为例开展平台应用研究,采用系统建模语言(SysML,Systems Modeling Language)完成需求模型、功能模型、架构模型的构建及模型的参数设计和验证。实践验证结果表明,该平台可有效提升铁路系统建模的效率和质量,为MBSE在铁路建模领域的应用提供理论和技术支撑。展开更多
电磁场有限元仿真软件在电磁设计和分析中至关重要。然而商业软件价格高昂且功能冗余,同时随着人工智能(AI)的发展,深度学习与传统数值模拟的结合提升了仿真精度和效率。为此,亟须开发自主可控、轻量化、面向企业定制的智能仿真软件。...电磁场有限元仿真软件在电磁设计和分析中至关重要。然而商业软件价格高昂且功能冗余,同时随着人工智能(AI)的发展,深度学习与传统数值模拟的结合提升了仿真精度和效率。为此,亟须开发自主可控、轻量化、面向企业定制的智能仿真软件。该文首先提出了双向耦合的设计方法,使仿真软件能适应复杂需求。然后,基于模型系统工程(MBSE)方法,建立四个层级的电磁场有限元仿真软件的架构设计流程,并完成软件的建模,实现了系统结构和行为的定义和可视化。最后,基于Python开发了集成AI的软件原型IFEM,并通过两个实际案例验证了其功能和准确性。研究成果提高了软件开发的质量、效率和知识传承能力,为数值模拟工业软件在AI for Science背景下的AI集成提供了有效思路。展开更多
在传统基于文本的危化品车辆监控预警系统设计开发过程中,存在设计过程缺失、表意不清、模块化和扩展性低、无法进行回溯与仿真验证等问题。为提高危化品车辆监控预警系统的设计质量和效率,在概念设计阶段引入基于模型的系统工程(model-...在传统基于文本的危化品车辆监控预警系统设计开发过程中,存在设计过程缺失、表意不清、模块化和扩展性低、无法进行回溯与仿真验证等问题。为提高危化品车辆监控预警系统的设计质量和效率,在概念设计阶段引入基于模型的系统工程(model-based systems engineering,MBSE),提出危化品车辆监控预警系统设计流程。该流程将交互关系和约束关系贯穿于各阶段中,以系统需求为核心,明确系统参数的构建步骤和脉络,建立涵盖行为、结构和参数的系统模型。经验证,该模型可实现“需求行为结构参数”4个维度的紧密结合,加强对危化品车辆的监控预警和对应急事件的准备。展开更多
针对民用直升机显控系统需求难以追溯、交互设计缺陷难以洞察以及早期系统设计验证难以实现等问题,提出基于MBSE(model-based system engineering)和VAPS的民用直升机显控系统设计与验证方法。捕获利益攸关者需求形成系统需求,将系统需...针对民用直升机显控系统需求难以追溯、交互设计缺陷难以洞察以及早期系统设计验证难以实现等问题,提出基于MBSE(model-based system engineering)和VAPS的民用直升机显控系统设计与验证方法。捕获利益攸关者需求形成系统需求,将系统需求分配给系统用例;构建黑盒活动图、顺序图自顶向下开展“需求–功能分析”描述显控系统级功能流,建立可运行的黑盒状态机验证功能逻辑设计的合理性;在黑盒功能架构的基础上进一步划分以构建显控系统架构,通过与飞行员交流迭代优化分配方案,将黑盒活动图中的活动分配到各显控子系统中实现功能向下传递,保证系统设计过程的连贯性。基于人机界面设计工具VAPS开发飞行员操作程序,验证了基于MBSE设计的显控系统需求、功能、逻辑的一致性和架构的合理性,实现了需求设计到验证的完全覆盖。展开更多
Software fault positioning is one of the most effective activities in program debugging. In this paper, we propose a model-based fault positioning method to detect the faults of embedded program without source code. T...Software fault positioning is one of the most effective activities in program debugging. In this paper, we propose a model-based fault positioning method to detect the faults of embedded program without source code. The system takes the machine code of embedded software as input and translates the code into high-level language C with the software reverse engineering program. Then, the static analysis on the high-level program is taken to obtain a control flow graph（CFG）, which is denoted as a node-tree and each node is a basic block. According to the faults found by the field testing, we construct a fault model by extracting the features of the faulty code obtained by ranking the Ochiai coefficient of basic blocks. The model can be effectively used to locate the faults of the embedded program. Our method is evaluated on ST chips of the smart meter with the corresponding source code. The experiment shows that the proposed method has an effectiveness about 87% on the fault detection.展开更多
Although the Model-Driven paradigm is being accepted in the research environment as a very useful and powerful option for effective software development, its real application in the enterprise context is still a chall...Although the Model-Driven paradigm is being accepted in the research environment as a very useful and powerful option for effective software development, its real application in the enterprise context is still a challenge for software engineering. Several causes can be stacked out, but one of them can be the lack of tool support for the efficient application of this paradigm. This paper presents a set of tools, grouped in a suite named NDT-Suite, which under the Model-Driven paradigm offer a suitable solution for software development. These tools explore different options that this paradigm can improve such as, development, quality assurance or requirement treatment. Besides, this paper analyses how they are being successfully applied in the industry.展开更多
装备工程研制广泛推行基于模型的系统工程(model-based systems engineering,MBSE)模式,但由于建模门槛高、缺乏协同机制,导致大范围推广难度较大。因此,以产品生命周期管理系统作为服务平台,研究MBSE协同实践应用。首先,提出正向分解...装备工程研制广泛推行基于模型的系统工程(model-based systems engineering,MBSE)模式,但由于建模门槛高、缺乏协同机制,导致大范围推广难度较大。因此,以产品生命周期管理系统作为服务平台,研究MBSE协同实践应用。首先,提出正向分解和设计汇总结合的协同设计MBSE业务流程。之后,设计元模型,通过元模型-构型定义-实例数据支持跨层级协同设计。然后,提出数字模型应用服务方法,为模型用户降低使用门槛。最后,完成产品生命周期管理原型开发,以航天器设计作为案例,验证本方法的适用性。结果表明,产品全生命周期管理系统可以支持多类角色依托模型开展协同设计与仿真验证,通过数字模型服务的方式降低模型使用门槛,具备较强的应用参考价值。展开更多
文摘The challenge of transitioning from temporary humanitarian settlements to more sustainable human settlements is due to a significant increase in the number of forcibly displaced people over recent decades, difficulties in providing social services that meet the required standards, and the prolongation of emergencies. Despite this challenging context, short-term considerations continue to guide their planning and management rather than more integrated, longer-term perspectives, thus preventing viable, sustainable development. Over the years, the design of humanitarian settlements has not been adapted to local contexts and perspectives, nor to the dynamics of urbanization and population growth and data. In addition, the current approach to temporary settlement harms the environment and can strain limited resources. Inefficient land use and ad hoc development models have compounded difficulties and generated new challenges. As a result, living conditions in settlements have deteriorated over the last few decades and continue to pose new challenges. The stakes are such that major shortcomings have emerged along the way, leading to disruption, budget overruns in a context marked by a steady decline in funding. However, some attempts have been made to shift towards more sustainable approaches, but these have mainly focused on vague, sector-oriented themes, failing to consider systematic and integration views. This study is a contribution in addressing these shortcomings by designing a model-driving solution, emphasizing an integrated system conceptualized as a system of systems. This paper proposes a new methodology for designing an integrated and sustainable human settlement model, based on Model-Based Systems Engineering and a Systems Modeling Language to provide valuable insights toward sustainable solutions for displaced populations aligning with the United Nations 2030 agenda for sustainable development.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grants(52275471 and 52120105008)the Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program,and the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE.
文摘As pivotal supporting technologies for smart manufacturing and digital engineering,model-based and data-driven methods have been widely applied in many industrial fields,such as product design,process monitoring,and smart maintenance.While promising,both methods have issues that need to be addressed.For example,model-based methods are limited by low computational accuracy and a high computational burden,and data-driven methods always suffer from poor interpretability and redundant features.To address these issues,the concept of data-model fusion(DMF)emerges as a promising solution.DMF involves integrating model-based methods with data-driven methods by incorporating big data into model-based methods or embedding relevant domain knowledge into data-driven methods.Despite growing efforts in the field of DMF,a unanimous definition of DMF remains elusive,and a general framework of DMF has been rarely discussed.This paper aims to address this gap by providing a thorough overview and categorization of both data-driven methods and model-based methods.Subsequently,this paper also presents the definition and categorization of DMF and discusses the general framework of DMF.Moreover,the primary seven applications of DMF are reviewed within the context of smart manufacturing and digital engineering.Finally,this paper directs the future directions of DMF.
文摘为解决现有民用航空器适航规章对氢能源动力飞机的设计特征存在潜在适用性差异和覆盖性不全问题,对氢能源动力飞机适航基础分析。首先,以民用航空正常类飞机适航规章为基础,运用基于模型的系统工程(model-based systems engineering,MBSE)方法,利用系统建模语言构建了适航条款自动化分析框架。然后,基于给定的适航条款适用性分析准则与流程,对3类不同氢能源飞机进行了架构分析与适航需求对比。研究结果表明,MBSE方法能够为氢能源动力飞机的设计和适航审定提供有效的决策支持,提升审定效率。所提方法可以兼顾优先性、一致性和正确性,确保适用性判断准确可靠,避免经验判断误差。
文摘为支撑铁路系统模型建设的数字化转型,将基于模型的系统工程(MBSE,Model-Based Systems Engineering)方法融入铁路体系结构设计领域,阐述面向铁路系统设计的MBSE建模方法和流程,构建铁路体系结构MBSE模型,并设计铁路体系结构建模平台。以铁路旅客运输场景为例开展平台应用研究,采用系统建模语言(SysML,Systems Modeling Language)完成需求模型、功能模型、架构模型的构建及模型的参数设计和验证。实践验证结果表明,该平台可有效提升铁路系统建模的效率和质量,为MBSE在铁路建模领域的应用提供理论和技术支撑。
文摘电磁场有限元仿真软件在电磁设计和分析中至关重要。然而商业软件价格高昂且功能冗余,同时随着人工智能(AI)的发展,深度学习与传统数值模拟的结合提升了仿真精度和效率。为此,亟须开发自主可控、轻量化、面向企业定制的智能仿真软件。该文首先提出了双向耦合的设计方法,使仿真软件能适应复杂需求。然后,基于模型系统工程(MBSE)方法,建立四个层级的电磁场有限元仿真软件的架构设计流程,并完成软件的建模,实现了系统结构和行为的定义和可视化。最后,基于Python开发了集成AI的软件原型IFEM,并通过两个实际案例验证了其功能和准确性。研究成果提高了软件开发的质量、效率和知识传承能力,为数值模拟工业软件在AI for Science背景下的AI集成提供了有效思路。
文摘在传统基于文本的危化品车辆监控预警系统设计开发过程中,存在设计过程缺失、表意不清、模块化和扩展性低、无法进行回溯与仿真验证等问题。为提高危化品车辆监控预警系统的设计质量和效率,在概念设计阶段引入基于模型的系统工程(model-based systems engineering,MBSE),提出危化品车辆监控预警系统设计流程。该流程将交互关系和约束关系贯穿于各阶段中,以系统需求为核心,明确系统参数的构建步骤和脉络,建立涵盖行为、结构和参数的系统模型。经验证,该模型可实现“需求行为结构参数”4个维度的紧密结合,加强对危化品车辆的监控预警和对应急事件的准备。
文摘针对民用直升机显控系统需求难以追溯、交互设计缺陷难以洞察以及早期系统设计验证难以实现等问题,提出基于MBSE(model-based system engineering)和VAPS的民用直升机显控系统设计与验证方法。捕获利益攸关者需求形成系统需求,将系统需求分配给系统用例;构建黑盒活动图、顺序图自顶向下开展“需求–功能分析”描述显控系统级功能流,建立可运行的黑盒状态机验证功能逻辑设计的合理性;在黑盒功能架构的基础上进一步划分以构建显控系统架构,通过与飞行员交流迭代优化分配方案,将黑盒活动图中的活动分配到各显控子系统中实现功能向下传递,保证系统设计过程的连贯性。基于人机界面设计工具VAPS开发飞行员操作程序,验证了基于MBSE设计的显控系统需求、功能、逻辑的一致性和架构的合理性,实现了需求设计到验证的完全覆盖。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61303214)the Science and Technology Project of China State Grid Corp(KJ15-1-32)
文摘Software fault positioning is one of the most effective activities in program debugging. In this paper, we propose a model-based fault positioning method to detect the faults of embedded program without source code. The system takes the machine code of embedded software as input and translates the code into high-level language C with the software reverse engineering program. Then, the static analysis on the high-level program is taken to obtain a control flow graph（CFG）, which is denoted as a node-tree and each node is a basic block. According to the faults found by the field testing, we construct a fault model by extracting the features of the faulty code obtained by ranking the Ochiai coefficient of basic blocks. The model can be effectively used to locate the faults of the embedded program. Our method is evaluated on ST chips of the smart meter with the corresponding source code. The experiment shows that the proposed method has an effectiveness about 87% on the fault detection.
文摘Although the Model-Driven paradigm is being accepted in the research environment as a very useful and powerful option for effective software development, its real application in the enterprise context is still a challenge for software engineering. Several causes can be stacked out, but one of them can be the lack of tool support for the efficient application of this paradigm. This paper presents a set of tools, grouped in a suite named NDT-Suite, which under the Model-Driven paradigm offer a suitable solution for software development. These tools explore different options that this paradigm can improve such as, development, quality assurance or requirement treatment. Besides, this paper analyses how they are being successfully applied in the industry.
文摘装备工程研制广泛推行基于模型的系统工程(model-based systems engineering,MBSE)模式,但由于建模门槛高、缺乏协同机制,导致大范围推广难度较大。因此,以产品生命周期管理系统作为服务平台,研究MBSE协同实践应用。首先,提出正向分解和设计汇总结合的协同设计MBSE业务流程。之后,设计元模型,通过元模型-构型定义-实例数据支持跨层级协同设计。然后,提出数字模型应用服务方法,为模型用户降低使用门槛。最后,完成产品生命周期管理原型开发,以航天器设计作为案例,验证本方法的适用性。结果表明,产品全生命周期管理系统可以支持多类角色依托模型开展协同设计与仿真验证,通过数字模型服务的方式降低模型使用门槛,具备较强的应用参考价值。
