The challenge of transitioning from temporary humanitarian settlements to more sustainable human settlements is due to a significant increase in the number of forcibly displaced people over recent decades, difficultie...The challenge of transitioning from temporary humanitarian settlements to more sustainable human settlements is due to a significant increase in the number of forcibly displaced people over recent decades, difficulties in providing social services that meet the required standards, and the prolongation of emergencies. Despite this challenging context, short-term considerations continue to guide their planning and management rather than more integrated, longer-term perspectives, thus preventing viable, sustainable development. Over the years, the design of humanitarian settlements has not been adapted to local contexts and perspectives, nor to the dynamics of urbanization and population growth and data. In addition, the current approach to temporary settlement harms the environment and can strain limited resources. Inefficient land use and ad hoc development models have compounded difficulties and generated new challenges. As a result, living conditions in settlements have deteriorated over the last few decades and continue to pose new challenges. The stakes are such that major shortcomings have emerged along the way, leading to disruption, budget overruns in a context marked by a steady decline in funding. However, some attempts have been made to shift towards more sustainable approaches, but these have mainly focused on vague, sector-oriented themes, failing to consider systematic and integration views. This study is a contribution in addressing these shortcomings by designing a model-driving solution, emphasizing an integrated system conceptualized as a system of systems. This paper proposes a new methodology for designing an integrated and sustainable human settlement model, based on Model-Based Systems Engineering and a Systems Modeling Language to provide valuable insights toward sustainable solutions for displaced populations aligning with the United Nations 2030 agenda for sustainable development.展开更多
The challenges posed by smart manufacturing for the process industries and for process systems engineering（PSE） researchers are discussed in this article. Much progress has been made in achieving plant- and site-wid...The challenges posed by smart manufacturing for the process industries and for process systems engineering（PSE） researchers are discussed in this article. Much progress has been made in achieving plant- and site-wide optimization, hut benchmarking would give greater confidence. Technical challenges confrontingprocess systems engineers in developing enabling tools and techniques are discussed regarding flexibilityand uncertainty, responsiveness and agility, robustness and security, the prediction of mixture propertiesand function, and new modeling and mathematics paradigms. Exploiting intelligence from big data to driveagility will require tackling new challenges, such as how to ensure the consistency and confidentiality ofdata through long and complex supply chains. Modeling challenges also exist, and involve ensuring that allkey aspects are properly modeled, particularly where health, safety, and environmental concerns requireaccurate predictions of small but critical amounts at specific locations. Environmental concerns will requireus to keep a closer track on all molecular species so that they are optimally used to create sustainablesolutions. Disruptive business models may result, particularly from new personalized products, but that isdifficult to predict.展开更多
Model-based system-of-systems(SOS)engineering(MBSoSE)is becoming a promising solution for the design of SoS with increasing complexity.However,bridging the models from the design phase to the simulation phase poses si...Model-based system-of-systems(SOS)engineering(MBSoSE)is becoming a promising solution for the design of SoS with increasing complexity.However,bridging the models from the design phase to the simulation phase poses significant challenges and requires an integrated approach.In this study,a unified requirement modeling approach is proposed based on unified architecture framework(UAF).Theoretical models are proposed which compose formalized descriptions from both topdown and bottom-up perspectives.Based on the description,the UAF profile is proposed to represent the SoS mission and constituent systems(CS)goal.Moreover,the agent-based simulation information is also described based on the overview,design concepts,and details(ODD)protocol as the complement part of the SoS profile,which can be transformed into different simulation platforms based on the eXtensible markup language(XML)technology and model-to-text method.In this way,the design of the SoS is simulated automatically in the early design stage.Finally,the method is implemented and an example is given to illustrate the whole process.展开更多
为解决现有民用航空器适航规章对氢能源动力飞机的设计特征存在潜在适用性差异和覆盖性不全问题,对氢能源动力飞机适航基础分析。首先,以民用航空正常类飞机适航规章为基础,运用基于模型的系统工程(model-based systems engineering,MB...为解决现有民用航空器适航规章对氢能源动力飞机的设计特征存在潜在适用性差异和覆盖性不全问题,对氢能源动力飞机适航基础分析。首先,以民用航空正常类飞机适航规章为基础,运用基于模型的系统工程(model-based systems engineering,MBSE)方法,利用系统建模语言构建了适航条款自动化分析框架。然后,基于给定的适航条款适用性分析准则与流程,对3类不同氢能源飞机进行了架构分析与适航需求对比。研究结果表明,MBSE方法能够为氢能源动力飞机的设计和适航审定提供有效的决策支持,提升审定效率。所提方法可以兼顾优先性、一致性和正确性,确保适用性判断准确可靠,避免经验判断误差。展开更多
电磁场有限元仿真软件在电磁设计和分析中至关重要。然而商业软件价格高昂且功能冗余,同时随着人工智能(AI)的发展,深度学习与传统数值模拟的结合提升了仿真精度和效率。为此,亟须开发自主可控、轻量化、面向企业定制的智能仿真软件。...电磁场有限元仿真软件在电磁设计和分析中至关重要。然而商业软件价格高昂且功能冗余,同时随着人工智能(AI)的发展,深度学习与传统数值模拟的结合提升了仿真精度和效率。为此,亟须开发自主可控、轻量化、面向企业定制的智能仿真软件。该文首先提出了双向耦合的设计方法,使仿真软件能适应复杂需求。然后,基于模型系统工程(MBSE)方法,建立四个层级的电磁场有限元仿真软件的架构设计流程,并完成软件的建模,实现了系统结构和行为的定义和可视化。最后,基于Python开发了集成AI的软件原型IFEM,并通过两个实际案例验证了其功能和准确性。研究成果提高了软件开发的质量、效率和知识传承能力,为数值模拟工业软件在AI for Science背景下的AI集成提供了有效思路。展开更多
在传统基于文本的危化品车辆监控预警系统设计开发过程中,存在设计过程缺失、表意不清、模块化和扩展性低、无法进行回溯与仿真验证等问题。为提高危化品车辆监控预警系统的设计质量和效率,在概念设计阶段引入基于模型的系统工程(model-...在传统基于文本的危化品车辆监控预警系统设计开发过程中,存在设计过程缺失、表意不清、模块化和扩展性低、无法进行回溯与仿真验证等问题。为提高危化品车辆监控预警系统的设计质量和效率,在概念设计阶段引入基于模型的系统工程(model-based systems engineering,MBSE),提出危化品车辆监控预警系统设计流程。该流程将交互关系和约束关系贯穿于各阶段中,以系统需求为核心,明确系统参数的构建步骤和脉络,建立涵盖行为、结构和参数的系统模型。经验证,该模型可实现“需求行为结构参数”4个维度的紧密结合,加强对危化品车辆的监控预警和对应急事件的准备。展开更多
Disasters and other emergency events have complex effects on human systems,particularly if the events are severe or prolonged.When these types of events happen in rural communities,the resources of the local public he...Disasters and other emergency events have complex effects on human systems,particularly if the events are severe or prolonged.When these types of events happen in rural communities,the resources of the local public health,healthcare,and emergency response organizations can be quickly depleted or overwhelmed.Planning for emergencies can help to mitigate their impact.Model-based systems engineering(MBSE)methods,including computer simulations,can provide insight on how best to prepare for these events and to explore the effects of varying approaches and resource utilization.To best apply these methods for improving disaster management in rural settings,a synthesis of the current body of evidence in this field is needed.The objective of this scoping review was to provide a descriptive overview of the application of computer simulation based on MBSE approaches to disaster preparedness and response for rural healthcare systems.Six studies met inclusion criteria,and varied in terms of MBSE method used,healthcare setting,and disaster type and context considered.We identified a gap in the research regarding the application of MBSE approaches to support rural healthcare disaster preparedness planning efforts.Model-based systems engineering and systems thinking,therefore,represent novel methods for developing tools and computational simulations that could assist rural communities better prepare for disasters.展开更多
针对民用直升机显控系统需求难以追溯、交互设计缺陷难以洞察以及早期系统设计验证难以实现等问题,提出基于MBSE(model-based system engineering)和VAPS的民用直升机显控系统设计与验证方法。捕获利益攸关者需求形成系统需求,将系统需...针对民用直升机显控系统需求难以追溯、交互设计缺陷难以洞察以及早期系统设计验证难以实现等问题,提出基于MBSE(model-based system engineering)和VAPS的民用直升机显控系统设计与验证方法。捕获利益攸关者需求形成系统需求,将系统需求分配给系统用例;构建黑盒活动图、顺序图自顶向下开展“需求–功能分析”描述显控系统级功能流,建立可运行的黑盒状态机验证功能逻辑设计的合理性;在黑盒功能架构的基础上进一步划分以构建显控系统架构,通过与飞行员交流迭代优化分配方案,将黑盒活动图中的活动分配到各显控子系统中实现功能向下传递,保证系统设计过程的连贯性。基于人机界面设计工具VAPS开发飞行员操作程序,验证了基于MBSE设计的显控系统需求、功能、逻辑的一致性和架构的合理性,实现了需求设计到验证的完全覆盖。展开更多
Refugee settlements face several challenges in transitioning from a temporary planning approach to more sustainable settlements. This is mainly due to an increase in the number of forcibly displaced people over the la...Refugee settlements face several challenges in transitioning from a temporary planning approach to more sustainable settlements. This is mainly due to an increase in the number of forcibly displaced people over the last few decades, and the difficulties of sustainably providing social services that meet the required standards. The development of refugee settlements assumed that forcibly displaced people would return to their places or countries of origin. Unfortunately, displacement situations are prolonged indefinitely, forcing these people to spend most of their lives in conditions that are often deplorable and substandard, and therefore unsustainable. In most cases, the establishment of refugee settlements is triggered by an emergency caused by an influx of forcibly displaced people, who need to be accommodated urgently and provided with some form of international assistance and protection. This leaves little or no time for proper planning for long-term development as required. In addition, the current approach to temporary settlement harms the environment and can strain limited resources with ad hoc development models that have exacerbated difficulties. As a result, living conditions in refugee settlements have deteriorated over the last few decades and continue to pose challenges as to how best to design, plan, and sustain settlements over time. To contribute to addressing these challenges, this study proposes a new methodology supported by Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) and a Systems Modeling Language (SysML) to develop a typical sustainable human settlement system model, which has functionally and operationally executed using a Systems Engineering (SE) approach. To assess the sustainability capacity of the proposed system, this work applies a matrix of crossed impact multiplication through a case study by conducting a system capacity interdependence analysis (SCIA) using the MICMAC methodology (Cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification) to assess the interdependency that exist between the sub-systems categories to deliver services at the system level. The sustainability analysis results based on capacity variables influence and dependency models shows that development activities in the settlement are unstable and, therefore, unsustainable since there is no apparent difference between the influential and dependent data used for the assessment. These results illustrate that an integrated system could improve human settlements’ sustainability and that capacity building in service delivery is beneficial and necessary.展开更多
随着卫星通信技术的飞速发展和用户数量与带宽需求的不断增加,卫星通信系统逐步由单星向多星拓展,卫星通信系统的管理控制要求越来越高,管理控制的流程设计逐渐成为重点关注方向。采用基于模型的系统工程(model-based systems engineeri...随着卫星通信技术的飞速发展和用户数量与带宽需求的不断增加,卫星通信系统逐步由单星向多星拓展,卫星通信系统的管理控制要求越来越高,管理控制的流程设计逐渐成为重点关注方向。采用基于模型的系统工程(model-based systems engineering,MBSE)方法,通过数字建模技术对卫星通信系统的管控流程进行建模,实现对卫星通信系统管控流程的验证和优化。仿真结果表明,该数字建模设计验证了卫星通信系统管控流程的功能正确性和建网、入网、用网等关键时间指标的符合性,为提升卫星通信系统的管控能力和方案设计优化提供了有力支撑。展开更多
装备工程研制广泛推行基于模型的系统工程(model-based systems engineering,MBSE)模式,但由于建模门槛高、缺乏协同机制,导致大范围推广难度较大。因此,以产品生命周期管理系统作为服务平台,研究MBSE协同实践应用。首先,提出正向分解...装备工程研制广泛推行基于模型的系统工程(model-based systems engineering,MBSE)模式,但由于建模门槛高、缺乏协同机制,导致大范围推广难度较大。因此,以产品生命周期管理系统作为服务平台,研究MBSE协同实践应用。首先,提出正向分解和设计汇总结合的协同设计MBSE业务流程。之后,设计元模型,通过元模型-构型定义-实例数据支持跨层级协同设计。然后,提出数字模型应用服务方法,为模型用户降低使用门槛。最后,完成产品生命周期管理原型开发,以航天器设计作为案例,验证本方法的适用性。结果表明,产品全生命周期管理系统可以支持多类角色依托模型开展协同设计与仿真验证,通过数字模型服务的方式降低模型使用门槛,具备较强的应用参考价值。展开更多
文摘The challenge of transitioning from temporary humanitarian settlements to more sustainable human settlements is due to a significant increase in the number of forcibly displaced people over recent decades, difficulties in providing social services that meet the required standards, and the prolongation of emergencies. Despite this challenging context, short-term considerations continue to guide their planning and management rather than more integrated, longer-term perspectives, thus preventing viable, sustainable development. Over the years, the design of humanitarian settlements has not been adapted to local contexts and perspectives, nor to the dynamics of urbanization and population growth and data. In addition, the current approach to temporary settlement harms the environment and can strain limited resources. Inefficient land use and ad hoc development models have compounded difficulties and generated new challenges. As a result, living conditions in settlements have deteriorated over the last few decades and continue to pose new challenges. The stakes are such that major shortcomings have emerged along the way, leading to disruption, budget overruns in a context marked by a steady decline in funding. However, some attempts have been made to shift towards more sustainable approaches, but these have mainly focused on vague, sector-oriented themes, failing to consider systematic and integration views. This study is a contribution in addressing these shortcomings by designing a model-driving solution, emphasizing an integrated system conceptualized as a system of systems. This paper proposes a new methodology for designing an integrated and sustainable human settlement model, based on Model-Based Systems Engineering and a Systems Modeling Language to provide valuable insights toward sustainable solutions for displaced populations aligning with the United Nations 2030 agenda for sustainable development.
文摘The challenges posed by smart manufacturing for the process industries and for process systems engineering（PSE） researchers are discussed in this article. Much progress has been made in achieving plant- and site-wide optimization, hut benchmarking would give greater confidence. Technical challenges confrontingprocess systems engineers in developing enabling tools and techniques are discussed regarding flexibilityand uncertainty, responsiveness and agility, robustness and security, the prediction of mixture propertiesand function, and new modeling and mathematics paradigms. Exploiting intelligence from big data to driveagility will require tackling new challenges, such as how to ensure the consistency and confidentiality ofdata through long and complex supply chains. Modeling challenges also exist, and involve ensuring that allkey aspects are properly modeled, particularly where health, safety, and environmental concerns requireaccurate predictions of small but critical amounts at specific locations. Environmental concerns will requireus to keep a closer track on all molecular species so that they are optimally used to create sustainablesolutions. Disruptive business models may result, particularly from new personalized products, but that isdifficult to predict.
基金Fifth Electronic Research Institute of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology(HK07202200877)Pre-research Project on Civil Aerospace Technologies of CNSA(D020101)+2 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project(2022C01052)Frontier Scientific Research Program of Deep Space Exploration Laboratory(2022-QYKYJHHXYF-018,2022-QYKYJH-GCXD-001)Zhiyuan Laboratory(ZYL2024001)。
文摘Model-based system-of-systems(SOS)engineering(MBSoSE)is becoming a promising solution for the design of SoS with increasing complexity.However,bridging the models from the design phase to the simulation phase poses significant challenges and requires an integrated approach.In this study,a unified requirement modeling approach is proposed based on unified architecture framework(UAF).Theoretical models are proposed which compose formalized descriptions from both topdown and bottom-up perspectives.Based on the description,the UAF profile is proposed to represent the SoS mission and constituent systems(CS)goal.Moreover,the agent-based simulation information is also described based on the overview,design concepts,and details(ODD)protocol as the complement part of the SoS profile,which can be transformed into different simulation platforms based on the eXtensible markup language(XML)technology and model-to-text method.In this way,the design of the SoS is simulated automatically in the early design stage.Finally,the method is implemented and an example is given to illustrate the whole process.
文摘为解决现有民用航空器适航规章对氢能源动力飞机的设计特征存在潜在适用性差异和覆盖性不全问题,对氢能源动力飞机适航基础分析。首先,以民用航空正常类飞机适航规章为基础,运用基于模型的系统工程(model-based systems engineering,MBSE)方法,利用系统建模语言构建了适航条款自动化分析框架。然后,基于给定的适航条款适用性分析准则与流程,对3类不同氢能源飞机进行了架构分析与适航需求对比。研究结果表明,MBSE方法能够为氢能源动力飞机的设计和适航审定提供有效的决策支持,提升审定效率。所提方法可以兼顾优先性、一致性和正确性,确保适用性判断准确可靠,避免经验判断误差。
文摘电磁场有限元仿真软件在电磁设计和分析中至关重要。然而商业软件价格高昂且功能冗余,同时随着人工智能(AI)的发展,深度学习与传统数值模拟的结合提升了仿真精度和效率。为此,亟须开发自主可控、轻量化、面向企业定制的智能仿真软件。该文首先提出了双向耦合的设计方法,使仿真软件能适应复杂需求。然后,基于模型系统工程(MBSE)方法,建立四个层级的电磁场有限元仿真软件的架构设计流程,并完成软件的建模,实现了系统结构和行为的定义和可视化。最后,基于Python开发了集成AI的软件原型IFEM,并通过两个实际案例验证了其功能和准确性。研究成果提高了软件开发的质量、效率和知识传承能力,为数值模拟工业软件在AI for Science背景下的AI集成提供了有效思路。
文摘在传统基于文本的危化品车辆监控预警系统设计开发过程中,存在设计过程缺失、表意不清、模块化和扩展性低、无法进行回溯与仿真验证等问题。为提高危化品车辆监控预警系统的设计质量和效率,在概念设计阶段引入基于模型的系统工程(model-based systems engineering,MBSE),提出危化品车辆监控预警系统设计流程。该流程将交互关系和约束关系贯穿于各阶段中,以系统需求为核心,明确系统参数的构建步骤和脉络,建立涵盖行为、结构和参数的系统模型。经验证,该模型可实现“需求行为结构参数”4个维度的紧密结合,加强对危化品车辆的监控预警和对应急事件的准备。
基金the financial support from UTK for selecting Ms.Marino for the Undergraduate Summer Research Award,which provided summer stipend and professional development opportunities
文摘Disasters and other emergency events have complex effects on human systems,particularly if the events are severe or prolonged.When these types of events happen in rural communities,the resources of the local public health,healthcare,and emergency response organizations can be quickly depleted or overwhelmed.Planning for emergencies can help to mitigate their impact.Model-based systems engineering(MBSE)methods,including computer simulations,can provide insight on how best to prepare for these events and to explore the effects of varying approaches and resource utilization.To best apply these methods for improving disaster management in rural settings,a synthesis of the current body of evidence in this field is needed.The objective of this scoping review was to provide a descriptive overview of the application of computer simulation based on MBSE approaches to disaster preparedness and response for rural healthcare systems.Six studies met inclusion criteria,and varied in terms of MBSE method used,healthcare setting,and disaster type and context considered.We identified a gap in the research regarding the application of MBSE approaches to support rural healthcare disaster preparedness planning efforts.Model-based systems engineering and systems thinking,therefore,represent novel methods for developing tools and computational simulations that could assist rural communities better prepare for disasters.
文摘针对民用直升机显控系统需求难以追溯、交互设计缺陷难以洞察以及早期系统设计验证难以实现等问题,提出基于MBSE(model-based system engineering)和VAPS的民用直升机显控系统设计与验证方法。捕获利益攸关者需求形成系统需求,将系统需求分配给系统用例;构建黑盒活动图、顺序图自顶向下开展“需求–功能分析”描述显控系统级功能流,建立可运行的黑盒状态机验证功能逻辑设计的合理性;在黑盒功能架构的基础上进一步划分以构建显控系统架构,通过与飞行员交流迭代优化分配方案,将黑盒活动图中的活动分配到各显控子系统中实现功能向下传递,保证系统设计过程的连贯性。基于人机界面设计工具VAPS开发飞行员操作程序,验证了基于MBSE设计的显控系统需求、功能、逻辑的一致性和架构的合理性,实现了需求设计到验证的完全覆盖。
文摘Refugee settlements face several challenges in transitioning from a temporary planning approach to more sustainable settlements. This is mainly due to an increase in the number of forcibly displaced people over the last few decades, and the difficulties of sustainably providing social services that meet the required standards. The development of refugee settlements assumed that forcibly displaced people would return to their places or countries of origin. Unfortunately, displacement situations are prolonged indefinitely, forcing these people to spend most of their lives in conditions that are often deplorable and substandard, and therefore unsustainable. In most cases, the establishment of refugee settlements is triggered by an emergency caused by an influx of forcibly displaced people, who need to be accommodated urgently and provided with some form of international assistance and protection. This leaves little or no time for proper planning for long-term development as required. In addition, the current approach to temporary settlement harms the environment and can strain limited resources with ad hoc development models that have exacerbated difficulties. As a result, living conditions in refugee settlements have deteriorated over the last few decades and continue to pose challenges as to how best to design, plan, and sustain settlements over time. To contribute to addressing these challenges, this study proposes a new methodology supported by Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) and a Systems Modeling Language (SysML) to develop a typical sustainable human settlement system model, which has functionally and operationally executed using a Systems Engineering (SE) approach. To assess the sustainability capacity of the proposed system, this work applies a matrix of crossed impact multiplication through a case study by conducting a system capacity interdependence analysis (SCIA) using the MICMAC methodology (Cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification) to assess the interdependency that exist between the sub-systems categories to deliver services at the system level. The sustainability analysis results based on capacity variables influence and dependency models shows that development activities in the settlement are unstable and, therefore, unsustainable since there is no apparent difference between the influential and dependent data used for the assessment. These results illustrate that an integrated system could improve human settlements’ sustainability and that capacity building in service delivery is beneficial and necessary.
文摘随着卫星通信技术的飞速发展和用户数量与带宽需求的不断增加,卫星通信系统逐步由单星向多星拓展,卫星通信系统的管理控制要求越来越高,管理控制的流程设计逐渐成为重点关注方向。采用基于模型的系统工程(model-based systems engineering,MBSE)方法,通过数字建模技术对卫星通信系统的管控流程进行建模,实现对卫星通信系统管控流程的验证和优化。仿真结果表明,该数字建模设计验证了卫星通信系统管控流程的功能正确性和建网、入网、用网等关键时间指标的符合性,为提升卫星通信系统的管控能力和方案设计优化提供了有力支撑。
文摘装备工程研制广泛推行基于模型的系统工程(model-based systems engineering,MBSE)模式,但由于建模门槛高、缺乏协同机制,导致大范围推广难度较大。因此,以产品生命周期管理系统作为服务平台,研究MBSE协同实践应用。首先,提出正向分解和设计汇总结合的协同设计MBSE业务流程。之后,设计元模型,通过元模型-构型定义-实例数据支持跨层级协同设计。然后,提出数字模型应用服务方法,为模型用户降低使用门槛。最后,完成产品生命周期管理原型开发,以航天器设计作为案例,验证本方法的适用性。结果表明,产品全生命周期管理系统可以支持多类角色依托模型开展协同设计与仿真验证,通过数字模型服务的方式降低模型使用门槛,具备较强的应用参考价值。
