AIM:To explore the related risk factors for diabetic retinopathy(DR)in type 2 diabetes with insulin therapy.METHODS:We studied the relationships among blood glucose,serum C-peptide,plasma insulin,beta-cell function an...AIM:To explore the related risk factors for diabetic retinopathy(DR)in type 2 diabetes with insulin therapy.METHODS:We studied the relationships among blood glucose,serum C-peptide,plasma insulin,beta-cell function and the development of DR.Beta-cell function was assessed by a modified homeostasis model assessment(modified HOMA)which was gained by using C-peptide to replace insulin in the homeostasis model assessment(HOMA)of beta-cell function.We also studied the relationships between modified HOMA index and serum C-peptide response to 100 g tasteless steamed bread to determine the accuracy of modified HOMA.RESULTS:Our study group consisted of 170 type 2diabetic inpatients with DR(age:58.35±13.87y,mean±SD)and 205 type 2 diabetic inpatients with no DR(NDR)(age:65.52±11.59y).DR patients had higher age,longer diabetic duration,higher hypertension grade,higher postprandial plasma glucose,higher fluctuation level of plasma glucose,lower body mass index(BMI),lower postprandial serum insulin and C-peptide,lower fluctuation level of serum insulin and C-peptide(P【0.05).In our logistic regression model,duration of diabetes,hypertension grade,fasting plasma insulin and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1C)were significantly associated with the presence of DR after adjustment for confounding factors(P【0.05).CONCLUSION:Our results suggested although modified HOMA showed significant correlation to the occurrence of DR on Spearman’s rank-correlationanalysis,logistic regression showed no significant association between these two variables after adjustment for relevant confounding factors(such as age,sex,duration of diabetes,BMI,hypertension grade,HbA1C,plasma insulin).Duration of diabetes,hypertension grade,fasting plasma insulin and HbA1C were independently associated with the development of DR in Chinese type 2 diabetics.展开更多
<strong>Background: </strong>Progressive insulin resistance (IR) is an important pathophysiologic mechanism of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) is commonly used as a...<strong>Background: </strong>Progressive insulin resistance (IR) is an important pathophysiologic mechanism of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) is commonly used as a parameter of the severity of insulin resistance. <strong>Aims:</strong> To determine indices of insulin resistance (IR) and <em>β</em>-cell function in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). <strong>Methods:</strong> This cross sectional study was conducted from March 2017 to September 2018 at Department of Endocrinology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (B中央人民政府), Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study was performed with 41 GDM and equal number of pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) diagnosed on basis of WHO criterion-2013 during 24 - 40 weeks of gestation. Serum glucose was measured by glucose oxidase method and fasting serum insulin was measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay. Equations of homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) were used to calculate insulin indices like-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), <em>β</em>-cell function (HOMA-B) and insulin sensitivity (HOMA-%S). Data were analyzed and compared by statistical tests. <strong>Results: </strong>A total of eighty-two (82) subjects [41 women with GDM (age: 28.29 ± 3.79 years, BMI: 27.16 ± 4.13 kg/m2) and 41 women with NGT (age: 26.22 ± 5.13 years, BMI: 25.27 ± 3.01 kg/m2)] were included in this study. It was observed that GDM women were significantly older (p = 0.041) and had significantly higher BMI (p = 0.020) than pregnant women with NGT. The GDM group had significantly higher IR as indicated by higher fasting insulin value [GDM vs. NGT;10.19 (7.71 - 13.34) vs. 6.88 (5.88 - 8.47) μIU/ml, median (IQR);p = 0.001] and HOMA-IR [GDM vs. NGT;2.31 (1.73 - 3.15) vs. 1.42 (1.15 - 1.76), median (IQR);p < 0.001], poor <em>β</em>-cell secretory capacity [GDM vs. NGT;HOMA-B: 112.63 (83.52 - 143.93) vs. 128.60 (108.77 - 157.58), median (IQR);p = 0.04] and low insulin sensitivity [GDM vs. NGT;HOMA-%S: 43.29 (31.77 - 57.98) vs. 70.42 (56.86 - 86.59), median (IQR);p < 0.001]. Conclusions: GDM is associated with both insulin resistance and inadequate insulin secretion.展开更多
This article introduces and compares risk assessment models for venous thromboembolism in gynecological patients at home and abroad.The models assessed included the Caprini risk assessment model,the G-Caprini risk ass...This article introduces and compares risk assessment models for venous thromboembolism in gynecological patients at home and abroad.The models assessed included the Caprini risk assessment model,the G-Caprini risk assessment model,the Rogers risk assessment model,the Autar risk assessment model,the gynecological patient surgical venous thrombosis risk assessment scale,the Wells score,the COMPASS-CAT thrombus risk assessment model,the Khorana risk assessment model,the Padua risk assessment model,and the Chaoyang model.The purpose of this study is to provide a foundation for developing a risk assessment tool for gynecological venous thromboembolism tailored to Chinese patients and to assist clinical health care workers in selecting appropriate risk assessment tools and guiding individualized prevention measures.展开更多
The performance of corporate social responsibility is conducive to the con- tinuous improvement of their profitability, and promotes the upgrading of corporation value. However, it is difficult to confirm, calculate a...The performance of corporate social responsibility is conducive to the con- tinuous improvement of their profitability, and promotes the upgrading of corporation value. However, it is difficult to confirm, calculate and check the costs and benefits brought by the implementation of corporate social responsibility under the current ac- counting theory system, so it is difficult to estimate whether the fulfillment of corpo- rate social responsibility has any effects on the corporation value assessment. Therefore, based on corporate social responsibility, the correction mode of corpora- tion value assessment is put forward.展开更多
Insulin resistance(IR)is widely recognized as a key contributor to metabolic disorders,and various surrogate indices have been developed to estimate IR in clinical and research settings.The hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic...Insulin resistance(IR)is widely recognized as a key contributor to metabolic disorders,and various surrogate indices have been developed to estimate IR in clinical and research settings.The hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp is considered the gold standard method for assessing insulin resistance due to its precision;however,its complexity limits its widespread clinical application.Consequently,surrogate indices derived from fasting and post-load glucose and insulin levels have been developed to estimate IR,facilitating early detection and risk stratification in metabolic disorders.This mini-review discusses the clinical utility,strengths,and limitations of key IR indices,including the homeostasis model assessment of IR,quantitative insulin sensitivity check index,Matsuda index,and triglyceride-glucose index.Overall,the evidence presented to date suggests that these indices provide valuable estimates of IR in various popula-tions.Yet,their applicability varies depending on ethnic background,disease status,and clinical setting.Integrating these indices into routine clinical practice and research could improve metabolic risk assessment and guide preventive interventions.Further investigations are necessary to refine their accuracy and determine optimal cut-off values for various populations.展开更多
Tunnel water inrush is one of the common geological disasters in the underground engineering construction.In order to effectively evaluate and control the occurrence of water inrush,the risk assessment model of tunnel...Tunnel water inrush is one of the common geological disasters in the underground engineering construction.In order to effectively evaluate and control the occurrence of water inrush,the risk assessment model of tunnel water inrush was proposed based on improved attribute mathematical theory.The trigonometric functions were adopted to optimize the attribute mathematical theory,avoiding the influence of mutation points and linear variation zones in traditional linear measurement functions on the accuracy of the model.Based on comprehensive analysis of various factors,five parameters were selected as the evaluation indicators for the model,including tunnel head pressure,permeability coefficient of surrounding rock,crushing degree of surrounding rock,relative angle of joint plane and tunnel section size,under the principle of dimension rationality,independence,directness and quantification.The indicator classifications were determined.The links among measured data were analyzed in detail,and the objective weight of each indicator was determined by using similar weight method.Thereby the tunnel water inrush risk assessment model is established and applied in four target segments of two different tunnels in engineering.The evaluation results and the actual excavation data agree well,which indicates that the model is of high credibility and feasibility.展开更多
In this study, a risk-based management model is developed and applied to an industrial zone. The models proposed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and Han Bing have been improved by adding a residua...In this study, a risk-based management model is developed and applied to an industrial zone. The models proposed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and Han Bing have been improved by adding a residual ratio of volatile organic compounds （VOC） after boiling and deleting the related parameters in half-life. Using this improved model, an integrated process was used to assess human health risk level in the study area. Compared with water quality analysis, the results highlight the importance of applying an integrated approach for decision making on risk levels and water protection. The results of this study demonstrated that： （1） Compared with these permissible level standards in China （GB 3838-2002） and National Primary Drinking Water Regulations of the United States, the residents＇ daily life had not been affected by the groundwater in this area （except for relative bad water quality of HB3-4 and HB3-6）; （2） The typical detected organic contaminants of all groundwater samples were chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethene, and the pollution sources were mainly industrial sources by preliminary investigations; （3） As for groundwater, the non-carcinogenic risk values of all samples do not exceed the permissible level of 1.0 and the carcinogenic risk values are relatively lower than the permissible level of 1.00E-06 to 1.00E-04; （4） Drinking water pathway of trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene mainly contribute to increasing the health risk of residents＇ in study areas; （5） In terms of non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk, the health risk order for drinking water pathway and dermal contact pathway was： drinking water pathway 〉 dermal contact pathway.展开更多
With the development of EMC technology, EMC assessment has become increasingly important in EMC design. Although numerous EMC assessment models are available today, few of them can provide a tradeoff between efficienc...With the development of EMC technology, EMC assessment has become increasingly important in EMC design. Although numerous EMC assessment models are available today, few of them can provide a tradeoff between efficiency and accuracy for the specific case of military vehicular communication systems. Face to this situation, a modified four-level assessment model is proposed in the paper. First, the development of EMC assessment technology is briefly reviewed, and the theoretical mechanism of EMI environment is introduced. Then, the architecture of the proposed model is outlined, and the assessment methods are explored. To demonstrate the application of it, an example involving a communication system in a military vehicle is presented. From the physical layer to the signal layer, a hierarchical assessment on the entire system is successfully performed based on the proposed model, and we can make a qualitative EMC assessment on the EMC performance of the system. Based on a comparison with the traditional model, we conclude that the proposed model is more accurate, more efficient and less time-consuming, which is suitable for the EMC assessment on militaryvehicular communication systems. We hope that the proposed model will serve as a useful reference for system-level EMC assessments for other systems.展开更多
This article describes the development and application of a streamlined air control and response modeling system with a novel response surface modeling-linear coupled fitting method and a new module to provide streaml...This article describes the development and application of a streamlined air control and response modeling system with a novel response surface modeling-linear coupled fitting method and a new module to provide streamlined model data for PM_（2.5） attainment assessment in China.This method is capable of significantly reducing the dimensions required to establish a response surface model,as well as capturing more realistic response of PM_（2.5） to emission changes with a limited number of model simulations.The newly developed module establishes a data link between the system and the Software for Model Attainment Test—Community Edition（SMAT-CE）,and has the ability to rapidly provide model responses to emission control scenarios for SMAT-CE using a simple interface.The performance of this streamlined system is demonstrated through a case study of the Yangtze River Delta（YRD） in China.Our results show that this system is capable of reproducing the Community Multi-Scale Air Quality（CMAQ） model simulation results with maximum mean normalized error 〈 3.5%.It is also demonstrated that primary emissions make a major contribution to ambient levels of PM_（2.5） in January and August（e.g.,more than50%contributed by primary emissions in Shanghai）,and Shanghai needs to have regional emission control both locally and in its neighboring provinces to meet China＇s annual PM_（2.5）National Ambient Air Quality Standard.The streamlined system provides a real-time control/response assessment to identify the contributions of major emission sources to ambient PM_（2.5）（and potentially O_3 as well） and streamline air quality data for SMAT-CE to perform attainment assessments.展开更多
To the potential oil-spill risk caused by offshore pipeline more attention has been paid after the Dalian oil spill incident from oil-pipeline explosion. Since then an issue about how to prevent and control the sudden...To the potential oil-spill risk caused by offshore pipeline more attention has been paid after the Dalian oil spill incident from oil-pipeline explosion. Since then an issue about how to prevent and control the sudden oil-spill from the offshore pipeline has been raised. In this paper, we proposed an optimized model to analyze the main causes(probability) of spill and the consequence with the fuzzy comprehensive assessment model. Considering the complicated assessment process for oil-spill, the assessment factor system involving the spill probability and consequence was established based on the operative manual and statistic leakage/damage data of offshore pipeline in order to estimate the integrated spill risk score automatically. The evaluated factors of spill probability could be grouped into five aspects: corrosion, fatigue, national damage, third party, and operational fault; the consequence evaluated factors of spill included hazard of oil and impact-controlling capability. With some modifications based on experts' opinions, each of the evaluated factors in our work was developed with a relative weight and evaluation criterion. A test example for an offshore pipeline in the Bohai waters was described to show how the model can be used for an actual case in more detail. By using the oil-spill risk assessment model, it is easy to determine the risk level associated with the ongoing activity and management level and hence to take the risk mitigation action immediately.展开更多
Machine learning is currently one of the research hotspots in the field of landslide prediction.To clarify and evaluate the differences in characteristics and prediction effects of different machine learning models,Co...Machine learning is currently one of the research hotspots in the field of landslide prediction.To clarify and evaluate the differences in characteristics and prediction effects of different machine learning models,Conghua District,which is the most prone to landslide disasters in Guangzhou,was selected for landslide susceptibility evaluation.The evaluation factors were selected by using correlation analysis and variance expansion factor method.Applying four machine learning methods namely Logistic Regression(LR),Random Forest(RF),Support Vector Machines(SVM),and Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGB),landslide models were constructed.Comparative analysis and evaluation of the model were conducted through statistical indices and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.The results showed that LR,RF,SVM,and XGB models have good predictive performance for landslide susceptibility,with the area under curve(AUC)values of 0.752,0.965,0.996,and 0.998,respectively.XGB model had the highest predictive ability,followed by RF model,SVM model,and LR model.The frequency ratio(FR)accuracy of LR,RF,SVM,and XGB models was 0.775,0.842,0.759,and 0.822,respectively.RF and XGB models were superior to LR and SVM models,indicating that the integrated algorithm has better predictive ability than a single classification algorithm in regional landslide classification problems.展开更多
AIM: To set up a mathematic model for gastric cancer screening and to evaluate its function in mass screening for gastric cancer.METHODS: A case control study was carried on in 66patients and 198 normal people, then t...AIM: To set up a mathematic model for gastric cancer screening and to evaluate its function in mass screening for gastric cancer.METHODS: A case control study was carried on in 66patients and 198 normal people, then the risk and protective factors of gastric cancer were determined, including heavy manual work, foods such as small yellow-fin tuna, dried small shrimps, squills, crabs, mothers suffering from gastric diseases, spouse alive, use of refrigerators and hot food,etc. According to some principles and methods of probability and fuzzy mathematics, a quantitative assessment model was established as follows: first, we selected some factors significant in statistics, and calculated weight coefficient for each one by two different methods; second, population space was divided into gastric cancer fuzzy subset and non gastric cancer fuzzy subset, then a mathematic model for each subset was established, we got a mathematic expression of attribute degree (AD).RESULTS: Based on the data of 63 patients and 693 normal people, AD of each subject was calculated. Considering the sensitivity and specificity, the thresholds of AD values calculated were configured with 0.20 and 0.17, respectively.According to these thresholds, the sensitivity and specificity of the quantitative model were about 69% and 63%.Moreover, statistical test showed that the identification outcomes of these two different calculation methods were identical (P＞0.05).CONCLUSION: The validity of this method is satisfactory.It is convenient, feasible, economic and can be used to determine individual and population risks of gastric cancer.展开更多
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw(MRONJ)is primarily associated with administering antiresorptive or antiangiogenic drugs.Despite significant research on MRONJ,its pathogenesis and effective treatments are s...Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw(MRONJ)is primarily associated with administering antiresorptive or antiangiogenic drugs.Despite significant research on MRONJ,its pathogenesis and effective treatments are still not fully understood.Animal models can be used to simulate the pathophysiological features of MRONJ,serving as standardized in vivo experimental platforms to explore the pathogenesis and therapies of MRONJ.Rodent models exhibit excellent effectiveness and high reproducibility in mimicking human MRONJ,but classical methods cannot achieve a complete replica of the pathogenesis of MRONJ.Modified rodent models have been reported with improvements for better mimicking of MRONJ onset in clinic.This review summarizes representative classical and modified rodent models of MRONJ created through various combinations of systemic drug induction and local stimulation and discusses their effectiveness and efficiency.Currently,there is a lack of a unified assessment system for MRONJ models,which hinders a standard definition of MRONJ-like lesions in rodents.Therefore,this review comprehensively summarizes assessment systems based on published peer-review articles,including new approaches in gross observation,histological assessments,radiographic assessments,and serological assessments.This review can serve as a reference for model establishment and evaluation in future preclinical studies on MRONJ.展开更多
The feature of the climatic resource and the agricultural assessment in Jianghan plain lake district are discussed. In order to exploit the climatic resource, we have recommended some three dimensional agriculture de...The feature of the climatic resource and the agricultural assessment in Jianghan plain lake district are discussed. In order to exploit the climatic resource, we have recommended some three dimensional agriculture development models in this region according to the types of land use, such as paddy field ecological zone, dry land ecological zone, outskirts ecological zone of the city, waterbody ecological zone, woodland ecological zone.展开更多
This paper addresses the problem of assessing and optimizing the acoustic positioning system for underwater target localization with range measurement.We present a new three-dimensional assessment model to evaluate th...This paper addresses the problem of assessing and optimizing the acoustic positioning system for underwater target localization with range measurement.We present a new three-dimensional assessment model to evaluate the optimal geometric beacon formation whether meets user requirements.For mathematical tractability,it is assumed that the measurements of the range between the target and beacons are corrupted with white Gaussian noise with variance,which is distance-dependent.Then,the relationship between DOP parameters and positioning accuracy can be derived by adopting dilution of precision(DOP)parameters in the assessment model.In addition,the optimal geometric beacon formation yielding the best performance can be achieved via minimizing the values of geometric dilution of precision(GDOP)in the case where the target position is known and fixed.Next,in order to ensure that the estimated positioning accuracy on the region of interest satisfies the precision required by the user,geometric positioning accuracy(GPA),horizontal positioning accuracy(HPA)and vertical positioning accuracy(VPA)are utilized to assess the optimal geometric beacon formation.Simulation examples are designed to illustrate the exactness of the conclusion.Unlike other work that only uses GDOP to optimize the formation and cannot assess the performance of the specified size,this new three-dimensional assessment model can evaluate the optimal geometric beacon formation for each dimension of any point in three-dimensional space,which can provide guidance to optimize the performance of each specified dimension.展开更多
Green manure use in China has declined rapidly since the 1980 s with the extensive use of chemical fertilizers.The deterioration of field environments and the demand for green agricultural products have resulted in mo...Green manure use in China has declined rapidly since the 1980 s with the extensive use of chemical fertilizers.The deterioration of field environments and the demand for green agricultural products have resulted in more attention to green manure.Human intervention and policy-oriented behaviors likely have large impacts on promoting green manure planting.However,little information is available regarding on where,at what rates,and in which ways（i.e.,intercropping green manure in orchards or rotating green manure in cropland） to develop green manure and what benefits could be gained by incorporating green manure in fields at the county scale.This paper presents the conversion of land use and its effects at small region extent（CLUE-S） model,which is specifically developed for the simulation of land use changes originally,to predict spatial distribution of green manure in cropland and orchards in 2020 in Pinggu District located in Beijing,China.Four types of land use for planting or not planting green manure were classified and the future land use dynamics（mainly croplands and orchards） were considered in the prediction.Two scenarios were used to predict the spatial distribution of green manure based on data from 2011：The promotion of green manure planting in orchards（scenario 1） and the promotion of simultaneous green manure planting in orchards and croplands（scenario 2）.The predictions were generally accurate based on the receiver operating characteristic（ROC） and Kappa indices,which validated the effectiveness of the CLUE-S model in the prediction.In addition,the spatial distribution of the green manure was acquired,which indicated that green manure mainly located in the orchards of the middle and southern regions of Dahuashan,the western and southern regions of Wangxinzhuang,the middle region of Shandongzhuang,the eastern region of Pinggu and the middle region of Xiagezhuang under scenario 1.Green manure planting under scenario 2 occurred in orchards in the middle region of Wangxinzhuang,and croplands in most regions of Daxingzhuang,southern Pinggu,northern Xiagezhuang and most of Mafang.The spatially explicit results allowed for the assessment of the benefits of these changes based on different economic and ecological indicators.The economic and ecological gains of scenarios 1 and 2 were 175691 900 and143000 300 CNY,respectively,which indicated that the first scenario was more beneficial for promoting the same area of green manure.These results can facilitate policies of promoting green manure and guide the extensive use of green manure in local agricultural production in suitable ways.展开更多
Smoke is the main cause of fire death. In order to minimize the potential danger of smoke hazard, a rational VR based fire training simulator should fully consider all aspects of smoke hazard. In the simulator, the vi...Smoke is the main cause of fire death. In order to minimize the potential danger of smoke hazard, a rational VR based fire training simulator should fully consider all aspects of smoke hazard. In the simulator, the visualization of data based on FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) and FED fire dynamic data and volume rendering is further optimized, which can be effectively and quickly applied to virtual fire protection. In addition, a comprehensive smoke hazard assessment model based on FED and FED is established to assess the IHD value of different paths, which represents the safety of different paths, and can be used for evacuation or rescue in virtual training. Taking the case of campus fire drill as an experiment, the research shows the accuracy and effectiveness of smoke assessment based on FDS and FED model. The road force with the highest safety can be selected through the comprehensive model. So the assessment model is proved to be valuable.展开更多
The ecosystem is important because it is the life sustaining system for human survival.Three ecosystem characteristics are:regional particularities,ecosystem complexity and conventional cultural particularities.This p...The ecosystem is important because it is the life sustaining system for human survival.Three ecosystem characteristics are:regional particularities,ecosystem complexity and conventional cultural particularities.This paper develops a remote sensing based dynamic model to assess grassland ecosystem service values involving multidisciplinary knowledge.The ecological value of grassland ecosystems is focused on using a remote sensing technique in the model,and setting up the framework for a dynamic assessing model.The grassland ecological services condition and value in 1985 is used as the benchmark.The dynamic model has two adjusting indicators:biomass and price index.The biomass is simulated using the CASA(Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach) model.The price index was obtained from statistics data published by the statistical bureau.Results show that the grassland ecosystem value in Gansu Province was 28.36 billion Chinese Yuan in 1985,140.37 billion in 1999 and 130.86 billion in 2002.展开更多
The East Asian monsoon has a tremendous impact on agricultural production in China. An assessment of the risk of drought disaster in maize-producing regions is therefore important in ensuring a reduction in such disas...The East Asian monsoon has a tremendous impact on agricultural production in China. An assessment of the risk of drought disaster in maize-producing regions is therefore important in ensuring a reduction in such disasters and an increase in food security. A risk assessment model, EPIC（Environmental Policy Integrated Climate） model, for maize drought disasters based on the Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator crop model is proposed for areas with the topographic characteristics of the mountainous karst region in southwest China. This region has one of the highest levels of environmental degradation in China. The results showed that the hazard risk level for the maize zone of southwest China is generally high. Most hazard index values were between 0.4 and 0.5,accounting for 47.32% of total study area. However,the risk level for drought loss was low. Most of the loss rate was ＆lt;0.1, accounting for 96.24% of the total study area. The three high-risk areas were mainlydistributed in the parallel ridge–valley areas in the east of Sichuan Province, the West Mountain area of Guizhou Province, and the south of Yunnan Province.These results provide a scientific basis and support for the reduction of agricultural drought disasters and an increase in food security in the southwest China maize zone.展开更多
The southern Patagonian stock（SPS） of Argentinian shortfin squid, Illex argentinus, is an economically important squid fishery in the Southwest Atlantic. Environmental conditions in the region play an important role...The southern Patagonian stock（SPS） of Argentinian shortfin squid, Illex argentinus, is an economically important squid fishery in the Southwest Atlantic. Environmental conditions in the region play an important role in regulating the population dynamics of the I. argentinus population. This study develops an environmentally dependent surplus production（EDSP） model to evaluate the stock abundance of I. argentines during the period of 2000 to 2010. The environmental factors（favorable spawning habitat areas with sea surface temperature of 16–18°C） were assumed to be closely associated with carrying capacity（K） in the EDSP model. Deviance Information Criterion（DIC） values suggest that the estimated EDSP model with environmental factors fits the data better than a Schaefer surplus model without environmental factors under uniform and normal scenarios.The EDSP model estimated a maximum sustainable yield（MSY） from 351 600 t to 685 100 t and a biomass from 1 322 400 t to1 803 000 t. The fishing mortality coefficient of I. argentinus from 2000 to 2010 was smaller than the values of F（0.1） and F（MSY）. Furthermore, the time series biomass plot of I. argentinus from 2000 to 2010 shows that the biomass of I.argentinus and this fishery were in a good state and not presently experiencing overfishing. This study suggests that the environmental conditions of the habitat should be considered within squid stock assessment and management.展开更多
文摘AIM:To explore the related risk factors for diabetic retinopathy(DR)in type 2 diabetes with insulin therapy.METHODS:We studied the relationships among blood glucose,serum C-peptide,plasma insulin,beta-cell function and the development of DR.Beta-cell function was assessed by a modified homeostasis model assessment(modified HOMA)which was gained by using C-peptide to replace insulin in the homeostasis model assessment(HOMA)of beta-cell function.We also studied the relationships between modified HOMA index and serum C-peptide response to 100 g tasteless steamed bread to determine the accuracy of modified HOMA.RESULTS:Our study group consisted of 170 type 2diabetic inpatients with DR(age:58.35±13.87y,mean±SD)and 205 type 2 diabetic inpatients with no DR(NDR)(age:65.52±11.59y).DR patients had higher age,longer diabetic duration,higher hypertension grade,higher postprandial plasma glucose,higher fluctuation level of plasma glucose,lower body mass index(BMI),lower postprandial serum insulin and C-peptide,lower fluctuation level of serum insulin and C-peptide(P【0.05).In our logistic regression model,duration of diabetes,hypertension grade,fasting plasma insulin and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1C)were significantly associated with the presence of DR after adjustment for confounding factors(P【0.05).CONCLUSION:Our results suggested although modified HOMA showed significant correlation to the occurrence of DR on Spearman’s rank-correlationanalysis,logistic regression showed no significant association between these two variables after adjustment for relevant confounding factors(such as age,sex,duration of diabetes,BMI,hypertension grade,HbA1C,plasma insulin).Duration of diabetes,hypertension grade,fasting plasma insulin and HbA1C were independently associated with the development of DR in Chinese type 2 diabetics.
文摘<strong>Background: </strong>Progressive insulin resistance (IR) is an important pathophysiologic mechanism of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) is commonly used as a parameter of the severity of insulin resistance. <strong>Aims:</strong> To determine indices of insulin resistance (IR) and <em>β</em>-cell function in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). <strong>Methods:</strong> This cross sectional study was conducted from March 2017 to September 2018 at Department of Endocrinology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (B中央人民政府), Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study was performed with 41 GDM and equal number of pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) diagnosed on basis of WHO criterion-2013 during 24 - 40 weeks of gestation. Serum glucose was measured by glucose oxidase method and fasting serum insulin was measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay. Equations of homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) were used to calculate insulin indices like-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), <em>β</em>-cell function (HOMA-B) and insulin sensitivity (HOMA-%S). Data were analyzed and compared by statistical tests. <strong>Results: </strong>A total of eighty-two (82) subjects [41 women with GDM (age: 28.29 ± 3.79 years, BMI: 27.16 ± 4.13 kg/m2) and 41 women with NGT (age: 26.22 ± 5.13 years, BMI: 25.27 ± 3.01 kg/m2)] were included in this study. It was observed that GDM women were significantly older (p = 0.041) and had significantly higher BMI (p = 0.020) than pregnant women with NGT. The GDM group had significantly higher IR as indicated by higher fasting insulin value [GDM vs. NGT;10.19 (7.71 - 13.34) vs. 6.88 (5.88 - 8.47) μIU/ml, median (IQR);p = 0.001] and HOMA-IR [GDM vs. NGT;2.31 (1.73 - 3.15) vs. 1.42 (1.15 - 1.76), median (IQR);p < 0.001], poor <em>β</em>-cell secretory capacity [GDM vs. NGT;HOMA-B: 112.63 (83.52 - 143.93) vs. 128.60 (108.77 - 157.58), median (IQR);p = 0.04] and low insulin sensitivity [GDM vs. NGT;HOMA-%S: 43.29 (31.77 - 57.98) vs. 70.42 (56.86 - 86.59), median (IQR);p < 0.001]. Conclusions: GDM is associated with both insulin resistance and inadequate insulin secretion.
基金funded by the National College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(S202310760049).
文摘This article introduces and compares risk assessment models for venous thromboembolism in gynecological patients at home and abroad.The models assessed included the Caprini risk assessment model,the G-Caprini risk assessment model,the Rogers risk assessment model,the Autar risk assessment model,the gynecological patient surgical venous thrombosis risk assessment scale,the Wells score,the COMPASS-CAT thrombus risk assessment model,the Khorana risk assessment model,the Padua risk assessment model,and the Chaoyang model.The purpose of this study is to provide a foundation for developing a risk assessment tool for gynecological venous thromboembolism tailored to Chinese patients and to assist clinical health care workers in selecting appropriate risk assessment tools and guiding individualized prevention measures.
文摘The performance of corporate social responsibility is conducive to the con- tinuous improvement of their profitability, and promotes the upgrading of corporation value. However, it is difficult to confirm, calculate and check the costs and benefits brought by the implementation of corporate social responsibility under the current ac- counting theory system, so it is difficult to estimate whether the fulfillment of corpo- rate social responsibility has any effects on the corporation value assessment. Therefore, based on corporate social responsibility, the correction mode of corpora- tion value assessment is put forward.
文摘Insulin resistance(IR)is widely recognized as a key contributor to metabolic disorders,and various surrogate indices have been developed to estimate IR in clinical and research settings.The hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp is considered the gold standard method for assessing insulin resistance due to its precision;however,its complexity limits its widespread clinical application.Consequently,surrogate indices derived from fasting and post-load glucose and insulin levels have been developed to estimate IR,facilitating early detection and risk stratification in metabolic disorders.This mini-review discusses the clinical utility,strengths,and limitations of key IR indices,including the homeostasis model assessment of IR,quantitative insulin sensitivity check index,Matsuda index,and triglyceride-glucose index.Overall,the evidence presented to date suggests that these indices provide valuable estimates of IR in various popula-tions.Yet,their applicability varies depending on ethnic background,disease status,and clinical setting.Integrating these indices into routine clinical practice and research could improve metabolic risk assessment and guide preventive interventions.Further investigations are necessary to refine their accuracy and determine optimal cut-off values for various populations.
基金Project(2013CB036004) supported by National Basic Research Program(973)of ChinaProject(51378510) supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Tunnel water inrush is one of the common geological disasters in the underground engineering construction.In order to effectively evaluate and control the occurrence of water inrush,the risk assessment model of tunnel water inrush was proposed based on improved attribute mathematical theory.The trigonometric functions were adopted to optimize the attribute mathematical theory,avoiding the influence of mutation points and linear variation zones in traditional linear measurement functions on the accuracy of the model.Based on comprehensive analysis of various factors,five parameters were selected as the evaluation indicators for the model,including tunnel head pressure,permeability coefficient of surrounding rock,crushing degree of surrounding rock,relative angle of joint plane and tunnel section size,under the principle of dimension rationality,independence,directness and quantification.The indicator classifications were determined.The links among measured data were analyzed in detail,and the objective weight of each indicator was determined by using similar weight method.Thereby the tunnel water inrush risk assessment model is established and applied in four target segments of two different tunnels in engineering.The evaluation results and the actual excavation data agree well,which indicates that the model is of high credibility and feasibility.
基金supported by National Science and Technology Major Project(No2009 ZX 05039-003,2009 ZX 05039-004,2011ZX05060-005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No 2010CB428801-1)state-owned land resources investigation(1212010430351)
文摘In this study, a risk-based management model is developed and applied to an industrial zone. The models proposed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and Han Bing have been improved by adding a residual ratio of volatile organic compounds （VOC） after boiling and deleting the related parameters in half-life. Using this improved model, an integrated process was used to assess human health risk level in the study area. Compared with water quality analysis, the results highlight the importance of applying an integrated approach for decision making on risk levels and water protection. The results of this study demonstrated that： （1） Compared with these permissible level standards in China （GB 3838-2002） and National Primary Drinking Water Regulations of the United States, the residents＇ daily life had not been affected by the groundwater in this area （except for relative bad water quality of HB3-4 and HB3-6）; （2） The typical detected organic contaminants of all groundwater samples were chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethene, and the pollution sources were mainly industrial sources by preliminary investigations; （3） As for groundwater, the non-carcinogenic risk values of all samples do not exceed the permissible level of 1.0 and the carcinogenic risk values are relatively lower than the permissible level of 1.00E-06 to 1.00E-04; （4） Drinking water pathway of trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene mainly contribute to increasing the health risk of residents＇ in study areas; （5） In terms of non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk, the health risk order for drinking water pathway and dermal contact pathway was： drinking water pathway 〉 dermal contact pathway.
基金supported by the National Moon Exploration Program of China (No. TY3Q20110020)in part supported by the 13th Five-Year Community Technology Research Program of National Equipment Development Department of China (No.41409020301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50971094)
文摘With the development of EMC technology, EMC assessment has become increasingly important in EMC design. Although numerous EMC assessment models are available today, few of them can provide a tradeoff between efficiency and accuracy for the specific case of military vehicular communication systems. Face to this situation, a modified four-level assessment model is proposed in the paper. First, the development of EMC assessment technology is briefly reviewed, and the theoretical mechanism of EMI environment is introduced. Then, the architecture of the proposed model is outlined, and the assessment methods are explored. To demonstrate the application of it, an example involving a communication system in a military vehicle is presented. From the physical layer to the signal layer, a hierarchical assessment on the entire system is successfully performed based on the proposed model, and we can make a qualitative EMC assessment on the EMC performance of the system. Based on a comparison with the traditional model, we conclude that the proposed model is more accurate, more efficient and less time-consuming, which is suitable for the EMC assessment on militaryvehicular communication systems. We hope that the proposed model will serve as a useful reference for system-level EMC assessments for other systems.
基金Financial support and data source for this work is provided by the US Environmental Protection Agency(No.OR13810-001.04 A10-0223-S001-A02)Guangzhou Environmental Protection Bureau(No.x2hj B2150020)+4 种基金the project of an integrated modeling and filed observational verification on the deposition of typical industrial point-source mercury emissions in the Pearl River Deltapartly supported by the funding of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control(No.2011A060901011)the project of Atmospheric Haze Collaboration Control Technology Design(No.XDB05030400)from the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe Ministry of Environmental Protection's Special Funds for Research on Public Welfare(No.201409002)Partly financial support is also provided by the Guangdong Provincial Department of Science and Technology,the project of demonstration research of air quality management cost-benefit analysis and attainment assessments technology(No.2014A050503019)
文摘This article describes the development and application of a streamlined air control and response modeling system with a novel response surface modeling-linear coupled fitting method and a new module to provide streamlined model data for PM_（2.5） attainment assessment in China.This method is capable of significantly reducing the dimensions required to establish a response surface model,as well as capturing more realistic response of PM_（2.5） to emission changes with a limited number of model simulations.The newly developed module establishes a data link between the system and the Software for Model Attainment Test—Community Edition（SMAT-CE）,and has the ability to rapidly provide model responses to emission control scenarios for SMAT-CE using a simple interface.The performance of this streamlined system is demonstrated through a case study of the Yangtze River Delta（YRD） in China.Our results show that this system is capable of reproducing the Community Multi-Scale Air Quality（CMAQ） model simulation results with maximum mean normalized error 〈 3.5%.It is also demonstrated that primary emissions make a major contribution to ambient levels of PM_（2.5） in January and August（e.g.,more than50%contributed by primary emissions in Shanghai）,and Shanghai needs to have regional emission control both locally and in its neighboring provinces to meet China＇s annual PM_（2.5）National Ambient Air Quality Standard.The streamlined system provides a real-time control/response assessment to identify the contributions of major emission sources to ambient PM_（2.5）（and potentially O_3 as well） and streamline air quality data for SMAT-CE to perform attainment assessments.
基金the Marine Public Welfare Research Project of China (No. 201205012)Preferential Funding of Tianjin
文摘To the potential oil-spill risk caused by offshore pipeline more attention has been paid after the Dalian oil spill incident from oil-pipeline explosion. Since then an issue about how to prevent and control the sudden oil-spill from the offshore pipeline has been raised. In this paper, we proposed an optimized model to analyze the main causes(probability) of spill and the consequence with the fuzzy comprehensive assessment model. Considering the complicated assessment process for oil-spill, the assessment factor system involving the spill probability and consequence was established based on the operative manual and statistic leakage/damage data of offshore pipeline in order to estimate the integrated spill risk score automatically. The evaluated factors of spill probability could be grouped into five aspects: corrosion, fatigue, national damage, third party, and operational fault; the consequence evaluated factors of spill included hazard of oil and impact-controlling capability. With some modifications based on experts' opinions, each of the evaluated factors in our work was developed with a relative weight and evaluation criterion. A test example for an offshore pipeline in the Bohai waters was described to show how the model can be used for an actual case in more detail. By using the oil-spill risk assessment model, it is easy to determine the risk level associated with the ongoing activity and management level and hence to take the risk mitigation action immediately.
基金supported by the projects of the China Geological Survey(DD20221729,DD20190291)Zhuhai Urban Geological Survey(including informatization)(MZCD–2201–008).
文摘Machine learning is currently one of the research hotspots in the field of landslide prediction.To clarify and evaluate the differences in characteristics and prediction effects of different machine learning models,Conghua District,which is the most prone to landslide disasters in Guangzhou,was selected for landslide susceptibility evaluation.The evaluation factors were selected by using correlation analysis and variance expansion factor method.Applying four machine learning methods namely Logistic Regression(LR),Random Forest(RF),Support Vector Machines(SVM),and Extreme Gradient Boosting(XGB),landslide models were constructed.Comparative analysis and evaluation of the model were conducted through statistical indices and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.The results showed that LR,RF,SVM,and XGB models have good predictive performance for landslide susceptibility,with the area under curve(AUC)values of 0.752,0.965,0.996,and 0.998,respectively.XGB model had the highest predictive ability,followed by RF model,SVM model,and LR model.The frequency ratio(FR)accuracy of LR,RF,SVM,and XGB models was 0.775,0.842,0.759,and 0.822,respectively.RF and XGB models were superior to LR and SVM models,indicating that the integrated algorithm has better predictive ability than a single classification algorithm in regional landslide classification problems.
基金Supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China, No.30170828
文摘AIM: To set up a mathematic model for gastric cancer screening and to evaluate its function in mass screening for gastric cancer.METHODS: A case control study was carried on in 66patients and 198 normal people, then the risk and protective factors of gastric cancer were determined, including heavy manual work, foods such as small yellow-fin tuna, dried small shrimps, squills, crabs, mothers suffering from gastric diseases, spouse alive, use of refrigerators and hot food,etc. According to some principles and methods of probability and fuzzy mathematics, a quantitative assessment model was established as follows: first, we selected some factors significant in statistics, and calculated weight coefficient for each one by two different methods; second, population space was divided into gastric cancer fuzzy subset and non gastric cancer fuzzy subset, then a mathematic model for each subset was established, we got a mathematic expression of attribute degree (AD).RESULTS: Based on the data of 63 patients and 693 normal people, AD of each subject was calculated. Considering the sensitivity and specificity, the thresholds of AD values calculated were configured with 0.20 and 0.17, respectively.According to these thresholds, the sensitivity and specificity of the quantitative model were about 69% and 63%.Moreover, statistical test showed that the identification outcomes of these two different calculation methods were identical (P＞0.05).CONCLUSION: The validity of this method is satisfactory.It is convenient, feasible, economic and can be used to determine individual and population risks of gastric cancer.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81921002,No.81900970)Young Physician Innovation Team Project(No.QC202003)from Ninth People’s Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai Sailing Program(19YF1426000)jointly。
文摘Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw(MRONJ)is primarily associated with administering antiresorptive or antiangiogenic drugs.Despite significant research on MRONJ,its pathogenesis and effective treatments are still not fully understood.Animal models can be used to simulate the pathophysiological features of MRONJ,serving as standardized in vivo experimental platforms to explore the pathogenesis and therapies of MRONJ.Rodent models exhibit excellent effectiveness and high reproducibility in mimicking human MRONJ,but classical methods cannot achieve a complete replica of the pathogenesis of MRONJ.Modified rodent models have been reported with improvements for better mimicking of MRONJ onset in clinic.This review summarizes representative classical and modified rodent models of MRONJ created through various combinations of systemic drug induction and local stimulation and discusses their effectiveness and efficiency.Currently,there is a lack of a unified assessment system for MRONJ models,which hinders a standard definition of MRONJ-like lesions in rodents.Therefore,this review comprehensively summarizes assessment systems based on published peer-review articles,including new approaches in gross observation,histological assessments,radiographic assessments,and serological assessments.This review can serve as a reference for model establishment and evaluation in future preclinical studies on MRONJ.
文摘The feature of the climatic resource and the agricultural assessment in Jianghan plain lake district are discussed. In order to exploit the climatic resource, we have recommended some three dimensional agriculture development models in this region according to the types of land use, such as paddy field ecological zone, dry land ecological zone, outskirts ecological zone of the city, waterbody ecological zone, woodland ecological zone.
基金This work was supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province of China(No.117212)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61633008,61374007,61601262 and 61701487)Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(No.F2017005)and China Scholarship Council.
文摘This paper addresses the problem of assessing and optimizing the acoustic positioning system for underwater target localization with range measurement.We present a new three-dimensional assessment model to evaluate the optimal geometric beacon formation whether meets user requirements.For mathematical tractability,it is assumed that the measurements of the range between the target and beacons are corrupted with white Gaussian noise with variance,which is distance-dependent.Then,the relationship between DOP parameters and positioning accuracy can be derived by adopting dilution of precision(DOP)parameters in the assessment model.In addition,the optimal geometric beacon formation yielding the best performance can be achieved via minimizing the values of geometric dilution of precision(GDOP)in the case where the target position is known and fixed.Next,in order to ensure that the estimated positioning accuracy on the region of interest satisfies the precision required by the user,geometric positioning accuracy(GPA),horizontal positioning accuracy(HPA)and vertical positioning accuracy(VPA)are utilized to assess the optimal geometric beacon formation.Simulation examples are designed to illustrate the exactness of the conclusion.Unlike other work that only uses GDOP to optimize the formation and cannot assess the performance of the specified size,this new three-dimensional assessment model can evaluate the optimal geometric beacon formation for each dimension of any point in three-dimensional space,which can provide guidance to optimize the performance of each specified dimension.
基金supported by the Special Fund for Agroscientific Research in the Public Interest,China(20110300501-01)the Special Fund for First-Class University (4572-18101510)
文摘Green manure use in China has declined rapidly since the 1980 s with the extensive use of chemical fertilizers.The deterioration of field environments and the demand for green agricultural products have resulted in more attention to green manure.Human intervention and policy-oriented behaviors likely have large impacts on promoting green manure planting.However,little information is available regarding on where,at what rates,and in which ways（i.e.,intercropping green manure in orchards or rotating green manure in cropland） to develop green manure and what benefits could be gained by incorporating green manure in fields at the county scale.This paper presents the conversion of land use and its effects at small region extent（CLUE-S） model,which is specifically developed for the simulation of land use changes originally,to predict spatial distribution of green manure in cropland and orchards in 2020 in Pinggu District located in Beijing,China.Four types of land use for planting or not planting green manure were classified and the future land use dynamics（mainly croplands and orchards） were considered in the prediction.Two scenarios were used to predict the spatial distribution of green manure based on data from 2011：The promotion of green manure planting in orchards（scenario 1） and the promotion of simultaneous green manure planting in orchards and croplands（scenario 2）.The predictions were generally accurate based on the receiver operating characteristic（ROC） and Kappa indices,which validated the effectiveness of the CLUE-S model in the prediction.In addition,the spatial distribution of the green manure was acquired,which indicated that green manure mainly located in the orchards of the middle and southern regions of Dahuashan,the western and southern regions of Wangxinzhuang,the middle region of Shandongzhuang,the eastern region of Pinggu and the middle region of Xiagezhuang under scenario 1.Green manure planting under scenario 2 occurred in orchards in the middle region of Wangxinzhuang,and croplands in most regions of Daxingzhuang,southern Pinggu,northern Xiagezhuang and most of Mafang.The spatially explicit results allowed for the assessment of the benefits of these changes based on different economic and ecological indicators.The economic and ecological gains of scenarios 1 and 2 were 175691 900 and143000 300 CNY,respectively,which indicated that the first scenario was more beneficial for promoting the same area of green manure.These results can facilitate policies of promoting green manure and guide the extensive use of green manure in local agricultural production in suitable ways.
文摘Smoke is the main cause of fire death. In order to minimize the potential danger of smoke hazard, a rational VR based fire training simulator should fully consider all aspects of smoke hazard. In the simulator, the visualization of data based on FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) and FED fire dynamic data and volume rendering is further optimized, which can be effectively and quickly applied to virtual fire protection. In addition, a comprehensive smoke hazard assessment model based on FED and FED is established to assess the IHD value of different paths, which represents the safety of different paths, and can be used for evacuation or rescue in virtual training. Taking the case of campus fire drill as an experiment, the research shows the accuracy and effectiveness of smoke assessment based on FDS and FED model. The road force with the highest safety can be selected through the comprehensive model. So the assessment model is proved to be valuable.
基金supported by the CAS (Chinese Academy of Sciences) Action Plan for West Development Project "Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research (WATER)"(grant number:KZCX2-XB2-09)the Global Change Research Program of China (2010CB951403)+2 种基金WP6 of FP7 topic ENV.2007.4.1.4.2 "Improving observing systems for water resource management"the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number:41071227)the Major Research Plan "Integrated Research on the Eco-Hydrological Process of Heihe Basin" of National Natural Science Foundation of China,topic (grant number:91025001)
文摘The ecosystem is important because it is the life sustaining system for human survival.Three ecosystem characteristics are:regional particularities,ecosystem complexity and conventional cultural particularities.This paper develops a remote sensing based dynamic model to assess grassland ecosystem service values involving multidisciplinary knowledge.The ecological value of grassland ecosystems is focused on using a remote sensing technique in the model,and setting up the framework for a dynamic assessing model.The grassland ecological services condition and value in 1985 is used as the benchmark.The dynamic model has two adjusting indicators:biomass and price index.The biomass is simulated using the CASA(Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach) model.The price index was obtained from statistics data published by the statistical bureau.Results show that the grassland ecosystem value in Gansu Province was 28.36 billion Chinese Yuan in 1985,140.37 billion in 1999 and 130.86 billion in 2002.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41301593 and 41471428)the Arid Meteorology Science Foundation, CMA (IAM201407)the State Key Development Program for BasicResearch of China (Grant No. 2012CB955402)
文摘The East Asian monsoon has a tremendous impact on agricultural production in China. An assessment of the risk of drought disaster in maize-producing regions is therefore important in ensuring a reduction in such disasters and an increase in food security. A risk assessment model, EPIC（Environmental Policy Integrated Climate） model, for maize drought disasters based on the Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator crop model is proposed for areas with the topographic characteristics of the mountainous karst region in southwest China. This region has one of the highest levels of environmental degradation in China. The results showed that the hazard risk level for the maize zone of southwest China is generally high. Most hazard index values were between 0.4 and 0.5,accounting for 47.32% of total study area. However,the risk level for drought loss was low. Most of the loss rate was ＆lt;0.1, accounting for 96.24% of the total study area. The three high-risk areas were mainlydistributed in the parallel ridge–valley areas in the east of Sichuan Province, the West Mountain area of Guizhou Province, and the south of Yunnan Province.These results provide a scientific basis and support for the reduction of agricultural drought disasters and an increase in food security in the southwest China maize zone.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.NSFC31702343the Science Foundation of Shanghai under contract No.13ZR1419700+4 种基金the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission under contract No.13YZ091the National High-tech R&D Program of China(863 Program)under contract No.2012AA092303the Funding Program for Outstanding Dissertations in Shanghai Ocean Universitythe Funding Scheme for Training Young Teachers in Shanghai Colleges and the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(Fisheries Discipline)Involvement of Chen Yong was supported by SHOU International Center for Marine Studies and Shanghai 1000 Talent Program
文摘The southern Patagonian stock（SPS） of Argentinian shortfin squid, Illex argentinus, is an economically important squid fishery in the Southwest Atlantic. Environmental conditions in the region play an important role in regulating the population dynamics of the I. argentinus population. This study develops an environmentally dependent surplus production（EDSP） model to evaluate the stock abundance of I. argentines during the period of 2000 to 2010. The environmental factors（favorable spawning habitat areas with sea surface temperature of 16–18°C） were assumed to be closely associated with carrying capacity（K） in the EDSP model. Deviance Information Criterion（DIC） values suggest that the estimated EDSP model with environmental factors fits the data better than a Schaefer surplus model without environmental factors under uniform and normal scenarios.The EDSP model estimated a maximum sustainable yield（MSY） from 351 600 t to 685 100 t and a biomass from 1 322 400 t to1 803 000 t. The fishing mortality coefficient of I. argentinus from 2000 to 2010 was smaller than the values of F（0.1） and F（MSY）. Furthermore, the time series biomass plot of I. argentinus from 2000 to 2010 shows that the biomass of I.argentinus and this fishery were in a good state and not presently experiencing overfishing. This study suggests that the environmental conditions of the habitat should be considered within squid stock assessment and management.
