As the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy continues to be on the rise, the Chronic Care Model (CCM) offers a transformative, patient-focused approach for efficient diabetic retinopathy care, emphasizing the need for u...As the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy continues to be on the rise, the Chronic Care Model (CCM) offers a transformative, patient-focused approach for efficient diabetic retinopathy care, emphasizing the need for urgent and innovative strategies in the United States. The model integrates community resources, healthcare organizations, self-management support, delivery system design, decision support, and clinical information systems. Addressing challenges and solutions, the model emphasizes proactive and preventive measures, collaborative multidisciplinary care, technological integration, and overcoming resistance to change. This paper proposes the utilization of the Chronic Care Model (CCM) as a possible public health framework for comprehensive management of diabetic retinopathy in the United States. Implementing the CCM offers a comprehensive approach to diabetic retinopathy care, addressing both individual and systemic factors, essential for improving public health outcomes.展开更多
In the first part of the present paper we have explained why we manage to formulate another wave prediction model when so many of them, including the so-called third generation model, have already been in use. The win...In the first part of the present paper we have explained why we manage to formulate another wave prediction model when so many of them, including the so-called third generation model, have already been in use. The wind-wave part of the proposed model has also been given. Now we proceed to discuss the swell part,the implementation of the model as a prediction method,mumerical experiments done with ideal wind fields and hindcasts made in the Bohai Sea,in the neighboring seas adjacent to China and in the Northwest Pacific.展开更多
The authors make an endeavor to explain why a new hybrid wave model is here proposed when several such models have already been in operation and the so- called third generation wave modej is proving attractive. This p...The authors make an endeavor to explain why a new hybrid wave model is here proposed when several such models have already been in operation and the so- called third generation wave modej is proving attractive. This part of the paper is devoted to the wind wave model. Both deep and shallow water models have been developed, the former being actually a special case of the latter when water depth is great. The deep water model is exceptionally simple in form. Significant wave height is the only prognostic variable. In comparison with the usual methods to compute the energy input and dissipations empirically or by 'tuning', the proposed model has the merit that the effects of all source terms are combined into one term which is computed through empirical growth relations for significant waves, these relations being, relatively speaking, easier and more reliable to obtain than those for the source terms in the spectral energy balance equation. The discrete part of the model and the implementation of the model as a whole will be discussed in the second part of the present paper.展开更多
Drawing on the Mazmanian Sabatier comprehensive model of policy implementation,this study conducted a systematic analysis of the pilot implementation of the disease control supervisor system in medical institutions in...Drawing on the Mazmanian Sabatier comprehensive model of policy implementation,this study conducted a systematic analysis of the pilot implementation of the disease control supervisor system in medical institutions in Shenzhen.By assessing three key dimensions—namely,the manageability of policy issues,regulatory capacity,and the external environment—the study found that the system has significantly improved the capacity of medical institutions in public health prevention and control,and enhanced their responsiveness to public health emergencies.However,several challenges continue to impede policy effectiveness,including unclear job responsibilities,insufficient professional staffing,and limited cross-sectoral collaboration efficiency.In response,the study proposes a set of measures to further promote the integration of medical and preventive services and offer a practical model for modernizing national public health governance.These measures include clarifying roles and responsibilities,establishing a tiered training system,strengthening multisectoral collaborative governance,and enhancing the support of information platforms.展开更多
Earth medium is not completely elastic, with its viscosity resulting in attenuation and dispersion of seismic waves. Most viscoelastic numerical simulations are based on the finite-difference and finite-element method...Earth medium is not completely elastic, with its viscosity resulting in attenuation and dispersion of seismic waves. Most viscoelastic numerical simulations are based on the finite-difference and finite-element methods. Targeted at viscoelastic numerical modeling for multilayered media, the constant-Q acoustic wave equation is transformed into the corresponding wave integral representation with its Green＇s function accounting for viscoelastic coefficients. An efficient alternative for full-waveform solution to the integral equation is proposed in this article by extending conventional frequency-domain boundary element methods to viscoelastic media. The viscoelastic boundary element method enjoys a distinct characteristic of the explicit use of boundary continuity conditions of displacement and traction, leading to a semi-analytical solution with sufficient accuracy for simulating the viscoelastic effect across irregular interfaces. Numerical experiments to study the viscoelastic absorption of different Q values demonstrate the accuracy and applicability of the method.展开更多
When initiating public interest litigation,the procuratorates often face the dilemma of choosing between the model of administrative public interest litigation(APIL)and the model of civil public interest litigation(CP...When initiating public interest litigation,the procuratorates often face the dilemma of choosing between the model of administrative public interest litigation(APIL)and the model of civil public interest litigation(CPIL).However,only choosing either model has flaws and shortcomings.Both CPlL incidental to criminal action and that incidental to administrative action are also faced with many confusions and difficulties in concepts and implementation mechanisms.Given the direction of progress,the procuratorates should integrate the inherent institutional advantages of the model of APlL and the model of CPlL to develop an integrated model of procuratorial public interest litigation(PPIL)characterized by oneness and integrity.To this end,revising the dual legislative separation,where the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China and the Administrative Litigation Law of the People's Republic of China separately regulate public interest litigation,is necessary.Formulating a unified"Public Interest Litigation Law"or"Procuratorial Public Interest Litigation Law"to establish an integrated PPIL model has become an inevitable trend.展开更多
文摘As the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy continues to be on the rise, the Chronic Care Model (CCM) offers a transformative, patient-focused approach for efficient diabetic retinopathy care, emphasizing the need for urgent and innovative strategies in the United States. The model integrates community resources, healthcare organizations, self-management support, delivery system design, decision support, and clinical information systems. Addressing challenges and solutions, the model emphasizes proactive and preventive measures, collaborative multidisciplinary care, technological integration, and overcoming resistance to change. This paper proposes the utilization of the Chronic Care Model (CCM) as a possible public health framework for comprehensive management of diabetic retinopathy in the United States. Implementing the CCM offers a comprehensive approach to diabetic retinopathy care, addressing both individual and systemic factors, essential for improving public health outcomes.
文摘In the first part of the present paper we have explained why we manage to formulate another wave prediction model when so many of them, including the so-called third generation model, have already been in use. The wind-wave part of the proposed model has also been given. Now we proceed to discuss the swell part,the implementation of the model as a prediction method,mumerical experiments done with ideal wind fields and hindcasts made in the Bohai Sea,in the neighboring seas adjacent to China and in the Northwest Pacific.
文摘The authors make an endeavor to explain why a new hybrid wave model is here proposed when several such models have already been in operation and the so- called third generation wave modej is proving attractive. This part of the paper is devoted to the wind wave model. Both deep and shallow water models have been developed, the former being actually a special case of the latter when water depth is great. The deep water model is exceptionally simple in form. Significant wave height is the only prognostic variable. In comparison with the usual methods to compute the energy input and dissipations empirically or by 'tuning', the proposed model has the merit that the effects of all source terms are combined into one term which is computed through empirical growth relations for significant waves, these relations being, relatively speaking, easier and more reliable to obtain than those for the source terms in the spectral energy balance equation. The discrete part of the model and the implementation of the model as a whole will be discussed in the second part of the present paper.
文摘Drawing on the Mazmanian Sabatier comprehensive model of policy implementation,this study conducted a systematic analysis of the pilot implementation of the disease control supervisor system in medical institutions in Shenzhen.By assessing three key dimensions—namely,the manageability of policy issues,regulatory capacity,and the external environment—the study found that the system has significantly improved the capacity of medical institutions in public health prevention and control,and enhanced their responsiveness to public health emergencies.However,several challenges continue to impede policy effectiveness,including unclear job responsibilities,insufficient professional staffing,and limited cross-sectoral collaboration efficiency.In response,the study proposes a set of measures to further promote the integration of medical and preventive services and offer a practical model for modernizing national public health governance.These measures include clarifying roles and responsibilities,establishing a tiered training system,strengthening multisectoral collaborative governance,and enhancing the support of information platforms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41130418)the Strategic Leading Science and Technology Programme (Class B) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. XDB10010400)
文摘Earth medium is not completely elastic, with its viscosity resulting in attenuation and dispersion of seismic waves. Most viscoelastic numerical simulations are based on the finite-difference and finite-element methods. Targeted at viscoelastic numerical modeling for multilayered media, the constant-Q acoustic wave equation is transformed into the corresponding wave integral representation with its Green＇s function accounting for viscoelastic coefficients. An efficient alternative for full-waveform solution to the integral equation is proposed in this article by extending conventional frequency-domain boundary element methods to viscoelastic media. The viscoelastic boundary element method enjoys a distinct characteristic of the explicit use of boundary continuity conditions of displacement and traction, leading to a semi-analytical solution with sufficient accuracy for simulating the viscoelastic effect across irregular interfaces. Numerical experiments to study the viscoelastic absorption of different Q values demonstrate the accuracy and applicability of the method.
文摘When initiating public interest litigation,the procuratorates often face the dilemma of choosing between the model of administrative public interest litigation(APIL)and the model of civil public interest litigation(CPIL).However,only choosing either model has flaws and shortcomings.Both CPlL incidental to criminal action and that incidental to administrative action are also faced with many confusions and difficulties in concepts and implementation mechanisms.Given the direction of progress,the procuratorates should integrate the inherent institutional advantages of the model of APlL and the model of CPlL to develop an integrated model of procuratorial public interest litigation(PPIL)characterized by oneness and integrity.To this end,revising the dual legislative separation,where the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China and the Administrative Litigation Law of the People's Republic of China separately regulate public interest litigation,is necessary.Formulating a unified"Public Interest Litigation Law"or"Procuratorial Public Interest Litigation Law"to establish an integrated PPIL model has become an inevitable trend.
