Carotenoids are lipophilic isoprenoid pigments with essential roles in plants.While the cultivated allotetraploid cottons exhibit distinct mature anther coloration—yellow in Gossypium barbadense versus predominantly ...Carotenoids are lipophilic isoprenoid pigments with essential roles in plants.While the cultivated allotetraploid cottons exhibit distinct mature anther coloration—yellow in Gossypium barbadense versus predominantly white in G.hirsutum—the genetic basis of this divergence remains unclear.The purpose of this study was to identify the genetic basis of anther-color variation in cotton(Gossypium)species.We firstly identified carotenoids as the primary pigments underlying yellow-anthers coloration.Comparative transcriptomics of anthers revealed that the carotenoid biosynthesis gene GbPSY4 was expressed as a key regulator in G.barbadense.Functional validation via tissue-specific expression,subcellular localization,in vivo enzymatic assays,and virus-induced gene silencing confirmed its role in carotenoid biosynthesis and yellow pigmentation.Genome-wide association studies in a G.hirsutum population revealed GhPSY4_At,an ortholog of GbPSY4,as the causal gene of anther-color variation.We conclude that PSY4-regulated carotenoid biosynthesis governs yellow pigmentation.Furthermore,a finding that G.hirsutum accessions with yellow anthers showed greater pollen viability under high-temperature stress than those with white anthers suggests that the same pathway that governs yellow pigmentation influences heat tolerance.PSY4 is a promising target for breeding stress-tolerant cotton varieties.展开更多
India’s temporary duty-free window for cotton imports has officially closed,with the government reinstating an 11%import tariff effective January 1,2026.The tax exemption,which expired on December 31,2025 without ext...India’s temporary duty-free window for cotton imports has officially closed,with the government reinstating an 11%import tariff effective January 1,2026.The tax exemption,which expired on December 31,2025 without extension,marks a return to the previous tariff framework-a policy shift expected to raise costs for the domestic textile industry and potentially trigger ripple effects across global cotton trade.展开更多
[Objectives]To determine the optimal concentration of topping agents applied by unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)to effectively regulate cotton growth and improve production efficiency.[Methods]A field experiment was con...[Objectives]To determine the optimal concentration of topping agents applied by unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)to effectively regulate cotton growth and improve production efficiency.[Methods]A field experiment was conducted in Shihezi City,Xinjiang,employing a randomized block design.Five UAV-based chemical topping treatments were applied at dosages of 0.300,0.525,0.750,0.975,and 1.200 L/hm 2,designated as H1,H2,H3,H4,and H5,respectively.Additionally,manual topping(CK1)and tractor topping(CK2)treatments,both at a concentration of 0.750 L/hm 2,were included as control treatments.During the first 20 d following topping,parameters including primary agronomic traits of cotton(plant height,leaf age,number of fruit branches),dry matter accumulation and distribution,leaf area boll load(LAB),root-to-shoot ratio(RSR),leaf mass area(LMA),and leaf area index(LAI)were examined.At harvest,yield components,lint cotton yield,harvest index,and fiber quality were evaluated.[Results]Twenty days after topping,the concentration of the topping agent applied via UAV did not significantly affect cotton leaf age or the number of fruit branches.Additionally,no significant differences in plant height were observed among the five concentration treatments compared to CK2.However,plants treated with H1 exhibited significantly greater height compared to those treated with H5 and CK1,indicating that H1 was the least effective in controlling vegetative growth.Total dry matter accumulation(TDM),boll dry matter accumulation(BDM),LAB,and LMA all demonstrated an initial increase followed by a decrease as the spraying concentration increased.The highest TDM and reproductive organ dry matter ratio(RRDM)were observed in the H3 treatment.No significant differences were found among treatments for LMA,RSR,or LAI;however,LAB and single boll weight were greatest in the H3 treatment.Fiber quality parameters,including fiber length uniformity,micronaire(MIC),specific strength,and fiber maturity,initially increased and then decreased with increasing spraying concentration,whereas fiber elongation rate exhibited the opposite trend.The H3 treatment yielded the highest average fiber length uniformity and specific strength.[Conclusions]At optimal spraying concentrations,UAV-based application more effectively controls vegetative growth,promotes dry matter accumulation and distribution in cotton bolls,increases single boll weight,and enhances the MIC,specific strength,and fiber elongation rate of cotton fibers compared to manual and tractor spraying of topping agents.In summary,the use of UAVs for spraying chemical topping agents is recommended,with a suggested dosage range of 0.750 and 0.975 L/hm 2.展开更多
With the development of electronic technologies,piezoresistive sensors have attracted increasing attention.Among them,aerogels with high elasticity,as a type of three-dimensional porous material,are widely used in the...With the development of electronic technologies,piezoresistive sensors have attracted increasing attention.Among them,aerogels with high elasticity,as a type of three-dimensional porous material,are widely used in the field of piezoresistive sensors.Nowadays,with the extension of science and technology areas,fields involving low-temperature environments have emerged,which has led to an increasing demand for piezoresistive sensors that can serve at cryogenic temperatures.However,most studies on aerogels have only focused on their sensing performance at room temperature,and there is a lack of research on aerogel sensors that can work at low temperatures.In this work,piezoresistive sensors based on cotton fibers were proposed for applications at 77 K.As one of the most important natural polymers,cotton fibers have the ability to maintain elasticity at very low temperatures.Cotton fiber-based aerogels with high elasticity and cyclic stability were obtained by controlling the freeze-casting parameters and size distribution of cotton fibers,and they showed excellent pressure sensing properties,including a wide sensing range and remarkable long-term stability.This study bridges the gap in cryogenic sensing materials and provides insights into microstructure-property relationships,advancing applications in aerospace and cryogenic engineering.展开更多
Natural colored cotton(NCC)offers a sustainable,dye-free,and eco-friendly alternative for producing colored textiles.Carotenoids,a group of important natural liposoluble pigments,are known for their diverse color spec...Natural colored cotton(NCC)offers a sustainable,dye-free,and eco-friendly alternative for producing colored textiles.Carotenoids,a group of important natural liposoluble pigments,are known for their diverse color spectrum.In this study,we successfully engineered the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway specifically in cotton fibers by utilizing a fiber-specific GbEXPA2 promoter and a CaMV 35S promoter to drive the expression of two key carotenoid biosynthesis genes,CrtB and CrtI,respectively.This approach resulted in the development of a golden fiber cotton germplasm enriched withβ-carotene.Notably,the pigmentation was predominantly observed during the early developmental stages of the fiber(5–20 d post-anthesis).While the presence of carotenoids had no significant effect on plant architecture and growth,it positively influenced the fiber elongation rate,albeit with a slight reduction in fiber length and strength.This study represents a pioneering strategy for the future development of NCCs through carotenoid biofortification.展开更多
Recent studies have shown that lipid metabolism is a key factor affecting anther development and male fertility.However,how plants regulating the metabolic balance of multiple lipids to ensure proper anther developmen...Recent studies have shown that lipid metabolism is a key factor affecting anther development and male fertility.However,how plants regulating the metabolic balance of multiple lipids to ensure proper anther development and male fertility remains unclear.Analyzing lipid molecules related to anther fertility and genes responsible for their biosynthesis is crucial for understanding the physiological significance of lipid metabolism in crop fertility.In this study,we compared the transcriptome and the composition and content of lipids in anthers of two upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum) materials,Shida 98(WT) and its nearly-isogenic male sterile line Shida 98A(MS).Transcriptomics analysis identified many differentially expressed genes(DEGs) between the two materials,with the genes of the alpha-linolenic acid metabolism pathway being the most significantly associated with the male sterility phenotype.Investigations on lipids revealed that the MS anthers over-accumulated free fatty acids(FFAs),phosphatidic acid(PA),mono-and di-galactosyldiacylglycerol(MGDG and DGDG),and had a decreased content of triacylglycerol(TAG),which was closely related to the abnormal metabolism of alpha-linolenic acid(C18:3);therefore,the major lipids containing C18:3-acyl chains,such as PA,MGDG,DGDG,and TAG,are proposed to play a major role in cotton anther development.We also showed that an excessive level of MGDG and DGDG caused jasmonic acid(JA) overaccumulation in MS anthers,which in turn inhibited the expression of GhFAD3 and consequently reduced the C18:3 content,presumably via a feedback regulation mechanism,ultimately affecting plant fertility.Together,our results revealed the importance of a balanced lipid metabolism in regulating the development of cotton anther and pollen and consequently male fertility.展开更多
Objective This study examined the associations between multidimensional body composition modalities and brain aging in Chinese adults.Methods Brain age was estimated using ridge regression based on 24 head computed to...Objective This study examined the associations between multidimensional body composition modalities and brain aging in Chinese adults.Methods Brain age was estimated using ridge regression based on 24 head computed tomographyderived neuroanatomical indicators in a Chinese cohort(n=557).Brain age gap(BAG),the deviation between the predicted brain age and chronological age(CA),was categorized into brain age acceleration(BAG>0)and deceleration(BAG<0)groups.Principal component analysis of 22 correlationindependent body composition indicators identified different body composition modalities.Logistic regression was used to examine the associations between these modalities and the BAG groups.Results The mean absolute error of brain age in predicting CA was 6.41 years.Three body composition modalities were identified:fat mass dominant(characterized by high loading coefficients of body fat mass,fat mass index,visceral fat level,and fat-to-lean mass ratio);fat-free mass dominant;and trunkleg contrast distribution.The fat mass dominant modality was significantly associated with brain age acceleration(odds ratio[OR]=1.40,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.15‒1.71),and the association was robust in sensitivity analyses.Conclusion The fat mass dominant modality was significantly associated with accelerated brain aging.This study suggests integrating deep body composition indicators into clinical and community health screening could aid in targeted prevention of brain aging.展开更多
Uncertain parameters are widespread in engineering systems.This study investigates the modal analysis of a fluid-conveying pipe subjected to elastic supports with unknown-but-bound parameters.The governing equation fo...Uncertain parameters are widespread in engineering systems.This study investigates the modal analysis of a fluid-conveying pipe subjected to elastic supports with unknown-but-bound parameters.The governing equation for the elastically supported fluid-conveying pipe is transformed into ordinary differential equations using the Galerkin truncation method.The Chebyshev interval approach,integrated with the assumed mode method is then used to investigate the effects of uncertainties of support stiffness,fluid speed,and pipe length on the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the pipe.Additionally,both symmetrical and asymmetrical support stiffnesses are discussed.The accuracy and effectiveness of the Chebyshev interval approach are verified through comparison with the Monte Carlo method.The results reveal that,for the same deviation coefficient,uncertainties in symmetrical support stiffness have a greater impact on the first four natural frequencies than those of the asymmetrical one.There may be significant differences in the sensitivity of natural frequencies and mode shapes of the same order to uncertain parameters.Notably,mode shapes susceptible to uncertain parameters exhibit wider fluctuation intervals near the elastic supports,requiring more attention.展开更多
Elevated CO_(2)(eCO_(2))may mitigate stress-induced damage to cotton(Gossypium spp.)growth and development.However,understanding the early-stage responses of cotton to multiple abiotic stressors at eCO_(2)levels has b...Elevated CO_(2)(eCO_(2))may mitigate stress-induced damage to cotton(Gossypium spp.)growth and development.However,understanding the early-stage responses of cotton to multiple abiotic stressors at eCO_(2)levels has been limited.This study quantified the impacts of chilling(CS,22/14℃,day/night temperature),heat(HS,38/30℃),drought(DS,50%irrigation of the control),and salt(SS,8 d S m-1)stresses on pigments,physiology,growth,and development of 14 upland cotton cultivars under ambient CO_(2)(aCO_(2),420 ppm;current)and eCO_(2)(700 ppm;future)levels during the vegetative stage.The eCO_(2)partially negated the effects of all stresses by improving one or more of the pigments,physiological,growth,and development traits,except CS.For instance,HS at aCO_(2)significantly increased stomatal conductance by 36%compared with non-stressed plants at aCO_(2).However,HS at eCO_(2)significantly decreased stomatal conductance by 18%compared with HS at aCO_(2).The first squaring was delayed by one day under SS at aCO_(2)but two days earlier under SS at eCO_(2)than non-stressed plants at aCO_(2).Root and shoot dry mass and the total leaf area were significantly higher under all stresses,except for CS,at the eCO_(2)compared with similar stresses at the aCO_(2).Most growth and development traits,including plant height,leaf area,and shoot dry mass,displayed a mirroring response pattern between aCO_(2)and eCO_(2)under all environments except CS.Cultivars exhibited significant interaction with stressed environments.Further,results revealed differential sensitivity and adaptation potential of cultivars to stress environments at varying CO_(2)levels.This study highlights the need to consider eCO_(2)in designing breeding programs to develop stress-tolerant varieties for future cotton-growing environments.展开更多
This study explores a novel method for processing cotton stalks—an abundant agricultural byproduct—into long strips that serve as sustainable raw material for engineered bio-based panels.To evaluate the effect of ra...This study explores a novel method for processing cotton stalks—an abundant agricultural byproduct—into long strips that serve as sustainable raw material for engineered bio-based panels.To evaluate the effect of raw material morphology on panel’s performance,two types of cotton stalk-based panels were developed:one using long strips,maintaining fiber continuity,and the other using ground particles,representing conventional processing.A wood strand-based panel made from commercial southern yellow pine strands served as the control.All panels were bonded using phenol-formaldehyde resin and hot-pressed to a target thickness of 12.7 mm and density of 640 kg/m^(3).Their mechanical and physical properties were evaluated through internal bond,bending,thickness swelling,and water absorption tests.Both cotton stalk-based panels showed improved bonding performance compared to the control.The internal bond of the strip-based panel was nearly four times higher than that of the control,while the particlebased panel exceeded it by a factor of two.The strip-based panel showed approximately 15% lower bending stiffness than the wood strand-based panel,yet it surpassed it in load-carrying capacity by 5%.In contrast,the particleboard showed significantly lower bending performance than the strip-based and control panels,despite particle processing being a more conventional method.Both cotton stalk-based panels exhibited higher water absorption and thickness swelling than the wood strand panel.Overall,cotton stalk-based panels—particularly those using strip processing—show promisingmechanical properties,suggesting potential applications in sheathing,furniture,and interior paneling.However,improvements in dimensional stability are needed for broader use.展开更多
Hydraulic theory predicts a positive coupling between leaf hydraulic conductance(K_(leaf))and stomatal conductance(g_(s));however,this theory has not been fully supported by observations,and underlying mechanisms are ...Hydraulic theory predicts a positive coupling between leaf hydraulic conductance(K_(leaf))and stomatal conductance(g_(s));however,this theory has not been fully supported by observations,and underlying mechanisms are poorly understood.Partitioning K_(leaf)into inside-xylem(K_(x))and outside-xylem(K_(ox))components offers a refined framework for elucidating the regulation of g_(s) by leaf hydraulics.While optimal planting density may enhance water use efficiency(WUE)through modulation of g_(s),corresponding changes in leaf hydraulic properties and their influence on gas exchange remain unclear.We examined relationships among K_(x),K_(ox),g_(s),leaf photosynthetic rate(A_(N)),and WUE,and analyzed the structural determinants of K_(ox)in cotton grown under eight planting densities:12,18,24,36,48,60,72,and 84 plants m^(–2).Results showed that as planting density increased,K_(leaf)and A_(N) remained stable,whereas K_(ox)and g_(s) declined significantly.Leaf thickness and the volume fraction of inter-cellular air space were key structural factors influencing K_(ox).Neither K_(leaf)nor K_(x)correlated with A_(N) or g_(s);however,K_(ox)exhibited a significant positive correlation with g_(s).Furthermore,K_(ox)was negatively correlated with WUE.These findings indicate that K_(ox)modulates g_(s) to minimize water loss without compromising A_(N),thereby enhancing WUE in cotton across varying planting densities.展开更多
Advanced intensity measures(IMs)based on an inelastic deformation spectrum improved the evaluation of the median engineering demand parameters(EDPs)and reduced dispersion.In this regard,an optimized two-degreefreedom(...Advanced intensity measures(IMs)based on an inelastic deformation spectrum improved the evaluation of the median engineering demand parameters(EDPs)and reduced dispersion.In this regard,an optimized two-degreefreedom(2DOF)modal pushover-based scaling procedure(2DMPS)has been developed for a nonlinear dynamic analysis of asymmetric in-plan buildings.The 2DMPS procedure scales ground motions to approach close enough to a target value of the inelastic displacement of the first-mode inelastic 2DOF modal stick,extended for structures with significant contributions of higher modes.Further,4-,6-and 13-story RC SMRF buildings were selected for analyses using ground motion records scaled by the 2DMPS procedure,the modal pushover-based scaling method(MPS),and ASCE/SEI 7-16 scaling procedures.The median values of EDPs on scaled records closely matched the benchmark results.The bias in the EDP values due to the scaled records in every group regarding their median value was lower than the dispersion of the 21 unscaled records.These results generally demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the 2DMPS method.Additionally,the 2DOF modal stick’s inelastic response spectra are better suited for calculating seismic demands for one-way asymmetric-plan structures than the SDOF inelastic response spectra.展开更多
Cotton is an important global cash crops that serve as the primary source of natural fiber for textiles.A thorough understand-ing of the long-term variations in cotton cultivation is vital for optimizing cotton cultiv...Cotton is an important global cash crops that serve as the primary source of natural fiber for textiles.A thorough understand-ing of the long-term variations in cotton cultivation is vital for optimizing cotton cultivation management and promoting the sustainable development of the cotton industry.Xinjiang is the primary cotton-producing region in China.However,long-term data of cotton cultiv-ation areas with high spatial resolution are unavailable for Xinjiang,China.Therefore,this study aimed to identify and map an accurate 30-m cotton cultivation area dataset in Xinjiang from 2000 to 2020 by applying a Random Forest(RF)-based method that integrates Landsat and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)images,and validated the applicability and accuracy of dataset at a large spatial scale.Then,this study analyzed the spatiotemporal variations and influencing factors of cotton cultivation in the study period.The results showed that a high classification accuracy was achieved(overall accuracy>85%,F1>0.80),strongly agreeing with county-level agricultural statistical yearbook data(R2>0.72).Significant spatiotemporal variation in the cotton cultivation areas was found in Xinjiang,with a total increase of 1131.26 kha from 2000 to 2020.Notably,cotton cultivation area in southern Xinjiang expan-ded substantially,with that in Aksu increasing from 20.10%in 2000 to 28.17%in 2020,representing an expansion of 374.29 kha.In northern Xinjiang,the cotton areas in the Tacheng region also exhibited significant increased by almost ten percentage points in the same period.In contrast,cotton cultivation in eastern Xinjiang declined,decreasing from 2.22%in 2000 to merely 0.24%in 2020.Standard deviation ellipse analysis revealed a‘northeast-southwest’spatial distribution,with the centroid consistently located in Aksu and shifting 102.96 km over the 20-yr period.Pearson correlation analysis indicated that socioeconomic factors had a stronger influence on cotton cultivation than climatic factors,with effective irrigation area(r=0.963,P<0.05)and total agricultural machinery power(r=0.823)showing significant positive correlations,whereas climatic variables exhibiting weak associations(r<0.200).These results provide valuable scientific data for informed agricultural management,sustainable development,and policymaking.展开更多
Modal parameters can accurately characterize the structural dynamic properties and assess the physical state of the structure.Therefore,it is particularly significant to identify the structural modal parameters accordi...Modal parameters can accurately characterize the structural dynamic properties and assess the physical state of the structure.Therefore,it is particularly significant to identify the structural modal parameters according to the monitoring data information in the structural health monitoring(SHM)system,so as to provide a scientific basis for structural damage identification and dynamic model modification.In view of this,this paper reviews methods for identifying structural modal parameters under environmental excitation and briefly describes how to identify structural damages based on the derived modal parameters.The paper primarily introduces data-driven modal parameter recognition methods(e.g.,time-domain,frequency-domain,and time-frequency-domain methods,etc.),briefly describes damage identification methods based on the variations of modal parameters(e.g.,natural frequency,modal shapes,and curvature modal shapes,etc.)and modal validation methods(e.g.,Stability Diagram and Modal Assurance Criterion,etc.).The current status of the application of artificial intelligence(AI)methods in the direction of modal parameter recognition and damage identification is further discussed.Based on the pre-vious analysis,the main development trends of structural modal parameter recognition and damage identification methods are given to provide scientific references for the optimized design and functional upgrading of SHM systems.展开更多
Climate change is significantly impacting cotton production in the Tarim River Basin.The study investigated the climate change characteristics from 2021 to 2100 using climate change datasets simulated per the coupled ...Climate change is significantly impacting cotton production in the Tarim River Basin.The study investigated the climate change characteristics from 2021 to 2100 using climate change datasets simulated per the coupled model inter-comparison project phase six(CMIP6)climatic patterns under the shared socioeconomic pathways SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5.The DSSAT-CROPGROCotton model,along with stepwise multiple regression analyses,was used to simulate changes in the potential yield of seed cotton due to climate change.The results show that while future temperatures in the Tarim River Basin will rise significantly,changes in precipitation and radiation during the cotton-growing season are minimal.Seed cotton yields are more sensitive to low temperatures than to precipitation and radiation.The potential yield of seed cotton under the SSP2-4.5 scenario would increase by 14.8%,23.7%,29.0%,and 29.4%in the 2030S,2050S,2070S,and 2090S,respectively.In contrast,under the SSP5-8.5 scenario,the potential yield of seed cotton would see increases of 17.5%,27.1%,30.1%,and 22.6%,respectively.Except for the 2090s under the SSP5-8.5 scenario,future seed cotton production can withstand a 10%to 20%deficit in irrigation.These findings will help develop climate change adaptation strategies for cotton cultivation.展开更多
Two cotton research institute(CRI)near-isogenic lines,CRI-12 glanded and CRI-12 glandless,were used to pinpoint potential genes and metabolic pathways linked to gossypol biosynthesis through transcriptome sequencing.W...Two cotton research institute(CRI)near-isogenic lines,CRI-12 glanded and CRI-12 glandless,were used to pinpoint potential genes and metabolic pathways linked to gossypol biosynthesis through transcriptome sequencing.We discovered more than 235 million clean reads and 1,184 differentially expressed genes(DEGs).Consecutively,we conducted a weighted gene co-expression network analysis and found a strong correlation between white and yellow modules containing GhTPS(GH_D09G0090)and GhCYP(GH_D05G2016)hub genes with the gossypol content.Importance of the GhTPS and GhCYP genes was demonstrated using RT-qPCR,virusinduced gene silencing(VIGS),and target metabolite analysis.Silencing these genes resulted in fewer glands on both leaves and stems two weeks after the infection compared to the wild type.In addition,152 metabolites were identified through targeted metabolite profiling.Differential metabolite screening revealed 12 and 18 significantly different metabolites in TRV:GhTPS and TRV:GhCYP plants vs.the control group,respectively,showing a reduction in the accumulation of metabolites compared to the control.Content of hemigossypol,the final product of gossypol biosynthesis,was also reduced,as revealed by target metabolite analysis,suggesting the role of these genes in the gossypol biosynthetic pathway.Furthermore,a highly significant difference in gossypol content between the glanded and glandless lines was recorded.Findings of this study reveal a strong link between the gossypol content and GhTPS and GhCYP hub genes,suggesting their role in the gossypol biosynthetic pathway to reduce the accumulation of hemigossypol,which may offer new comprehension into the regulatory checkpoints of the gossypol biosynthesis pathway in cotton.展开更多
Background Cotton crop is infested by numerous arthropod pests from sowing to harvesting,causing substantial direct and indirect yield losses.Knowledge of seasonal population trends and the relative occurrence of pest...Background Cotton crop is infested by numerous arthropod pests from sowing to harvesting,causing substantial direct and indirect yield losses.Knowledge of seasonal population trends and the relative occurrence of pests and their natural enemies is required to minimize the pest population and yield losses.In the current study,analysis of the seasonal population trend of pests and natural enemies and their relative occurrence on cultivars of three cotton species in Central India has been carried out.Results A higher number and diversity of sucking pests were observed during the vegetative cotton growth stage(60 days after sowing),declining as the crop matured.With the exception of cotton jassid(Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida),which caused significant crop damage mainly from August to September;populations of other sucking insects seldom reached economic threshold levels(ETL)throughout the studied period.The bollworm complex populations were minimal,except for the pink bollworm(Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders),which re-emerged as a menace to cotton crops during the cotton cropping season 2017–2018 due to resistance development against Bt-cotton.A reasonably good number of predatory arthropods,including coccinellids,lacewings,and spiders,were found actively preying on the arthropod pest complex of the cotton crop during the early vegetative growth stage.Linear regression indicates a significant relationship between green boll infestations and pink bollworm moths in pheromone traps.Multiple linear regression analyse showed mean weekly weather at one-or two-week lag periods had a significant impact on sucking pest population(cotton aphid,cotton jassid,cotton whitefly,and onion thrips)fluctuation.Gossypium hirsutum cultivars RCH 2 and DCH 32,and G.barbadense cultivar Suvin were found susceptible to cotton jassid and onion thrips.Phule Dhanvantary,an G.arboreum cotton cultivar,demonstrated the highest tolerance among all evaluated cultivars against all sucking pests.Conclusion These findings have important implications for pest management in cotton crops.Susceptible cultivars warrant more attention for plant protection measures,making them more input-intensive.The choice of appropriate cultivars can help minimize input costs,thereby increasing net returns for cotton farmers.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170271,32470277)the Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City(SCKJ-JYRC-2023-52)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(252300421076,222300420024).
文摘Carotenoids are lipophilic isoprenoid pigments with essential roles in plants.While the cultivated allotetraploid cottons exhibit distinct mature anther coloration—yellow in Gossypium barbadense versus predominantly white in G.hirsutum—the genetic basis of this divergence remains unclear.The purpose of this study was to identify the genetic basis of anther-color variation in cotton(Gossypium)species.We firstly identified carotenoids as the primary pigments underlying yellow-anthers coloration.Comparative transcriptomics of anthers revealed that the carotenoid biosynthesis gene GbPSY4 was expressed as a key regulator in G.barbadense.Functional validation via tissue-specific expression,subcellular localization,in vivo enzymatic assays,and virus-induced gene silencing confirmed its role in carotenoid biosynthesis and yellow pigmentation.Genome-wide association studies in a G.hirsutum population revealed GhPSY4_At,an ortholog of GbPSY4,as the causal gene of anther-color variation.We conclude that PSY4-regulated carotenoid biosynthesis governs yellow pigmentation.Furthermore,a finding that G.hirsutum accessions with yellow anthers showed greater pollen viability under high-temperature stress than those with white anthers suggests that the same pathway that governs yellow pigmentation influences heat tolerance.PSY4 is a promising target for breeding stress-tolerant cotton varieties.
文摘India’s temporary duty-free window for cotton imports has officially closed,with the government reinstating an 11%import tariff effective January 1,2026.The tax exemption,which expired on December 31,2025 without extension,marks a return to the previous tariff framework-a policy shift expected to raise costs for the domestic textile industry and potentially trigger ripple effects across global cotton trade.
基金Supported by Xinjiang"Tianshan Talents"Program Project"Research and Demonstration of Key Technologies for Precise Monitoring and Pesticide Application by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle during the Cotton Topping Stage"(2023TSYCCX0126)Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Science and Technology Innovation Project"Innovation Team Project for Intelligent Information Collection and Smart Management in Cotton Fields"(NCG202304).
文摘[Objectives]To determine the optimal concentration of topping agents applied by unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)to effectively regulate cotton growth and improve production efficiency.[Methods]A field experiment was conducted in Shihezi City,Xinjiang,employing a randomized block design.Five UAV-based chemical topping treatments were applied at dosages of 0.300,0.525,0.750,0.975,and 1.200 L/hm 2,designated as H1,H2,H3,H4,and H5,respectively.Additionally,manual topping(CK1)and tractor topping(CK2)treatments,both at a concentration of 0.750 L/hm 2,were included as control treatments.During the first 20 d following topping,parameters including primary agronomic traits of cotton(plant height,leaf age,number of fruit branches),dry matter accumulation and distribution,leaf area boll load(LAB),root-to-shoot ratio(RSR),leaf mass area(LMA),and leaf area index(LAI)were examined.At harvest,yield components,lint cotton yield,harvest index,and fiber quality were evaluated.[Results]Twenty days after topping,the concentration of the topping agent applied via UAV did not significantly affect cotton leaf age or the number of fruit branches.Additionally,no significant differences in plant height were observed among the five concentration treatments compared to CK2.However,plants treated with H1 exhibited significantly greater height compared to those treated with H5 and CK1,indicating that H1 was the least effective in controlling vegetative growth.Total dry matter accumulation(TDM),boll dry matter accumulation(BDM),LAB,and LMA all demonstrated an initial increase followed by a decrease as the spraying concentration increased.The highest TDM and reproductive organ dry matter ratio(RRDM)were observed in the H3 treatment.No significant differences were found among treatments for LMA,RSR,or LAI;however,LAB and single boll weight were greatest in the H3 treatment.Fiber quality parameters,including fiber length uniformity,micronaire(MIC),specific strength,and fiber maturity,initially increased and then decreased with increasing spraying concentration,whereas fiber elongation rate exhibited the opposite trend.The H3 treatment yielded the highest average fiber length uniformity and specific strength.[Conclusions]At optimal spraying concentrations,UAV-based application more effectively controls vegetative growth,promotes dry matter accumulation and distribution in cotton bolls,increases single boll weight,and enhances the MIC,specific strength,and fiber elongation rate of cotton fibers compared to manual and tractor spraying of topping agents.In summary,the use of UAVs for spraying chemical topping agents is recommended,with a suggested dosage range of 0.750 and 0.975 L/hm 2.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52073294)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFB4000700)+1 种基金Project of Stable Support for Youth Team in Basic Research Field of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,China(No.YSBR-017)The authors are highly grateful to Mr.Fan-Ming Zhao for Cryogenic Mechanical Testing.
文摘With the development of electronic technologies,piezoresistive sensors have attracted increasing attention.Among them,aerogels with high elasticity,as a type of three-dimensional porous material,are widely used in the field of piezoresistive sensors.Nowadays,with the extension of science and technology areas,fields involving low-temperature environments have emerged,which has led to an increasing demand for piezoresistive sensors that can serve at cryogenic temperatures.However,most studies on aerogels have only focused on their sensing performance at room temperature,and there is a lack of research on aerogel sensors that can work at low temperatures.In this work,piezoresistive sensors based on cotton fibers were proposed for applications at 77 K.As one of the most important natural polymers,cotton fibers have the ability to maintain elasticity at very low temperatures.Cotton fiber-based aerogels with high elasticity and cyclic stability were obtained by controlling the freeze-casting parameters and size distribution of cotton fibers,and they showed excellent pressure sensing properties,including a wide sensing range and remarkable long-term stability.This study bridges the gap in cryogenic sensing materials and provides insights into microstructure-property relationships,advancing applications in aerospace and cryogenic engineering.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170271,32470277)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(222300420024).
文摘Natural colored cotton(NCC)offers a sustainable,dye-free,and eco-friendly alternative for producing colored textiles.Carotenoids,a group of important natural liposoluble pigments,are known for their diverse color spectrum.In this study,we successfully engineered the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway specifically in cotton fibers by utilizing a fiber-specific GbEXPA2 promoter and a CaMV 35S promoter to drive the expression of two key carotenoid biosynthesis genes,CrtB and CrtI,respectively.This approach resulted in the development of a golden fiber cotton germplasm enriched withβ-carotene.Notably,the pigmentation was predominantly observed during the early developmental stages of the fiber(5–20 d post-anthesis).While the presence of carotenoids had no significant effect on plant architecture and growth,it positively influenced the fiber elongation rate,albeit with a slight reduction in fiber length and strength.This study represents a pioneering strategy for the future development of NCCs through carotenoid biofortification.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Major Program of Bingtuan,China (2023AA008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31960369)+1 种基金the Bingtuan Science and Technology Program,China (2025DA001)the Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project,China (222102110200)。
文摘Recent studies have shown that lipid metabolism is a key factor affecting anther development and male fertility.However,how plants regulating the metabolic balance of multiple lipids to ensure proper anther development and male fertility remains unclear.Analyzing lipid molecules related to anther fertility and genes responsible for their biosynthesis is crucial for understanding the physiological significance of lipid metabolism in crop fertility.In this study,we compared the transcriptome and the composition and content of lipids in anthers of two upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum) materials,Shida 98(WT) and its nearly-isogenic male sterile line Shida 98A(MS).Transcriptomics analysis identified many differentially expressed genes(DEGs) between the two materials,with the genes of the alpha-linolenic acid metabolism pathway being the most significantly associated with the male sterility phenotype.Investigations on lipids revealed that the MS anthers over-accumulated free fatty acids(FFAs),phosphatidic acid(PA),mono-and di-galactosyldiacylglycerol(MGDG and DGDG),and had a decreased content of triacylglycerol(TAG),which was closely related to the abnormal metabolism of alpha-linolenic acid(C18:3);therefore,the major lipids containing C18:3-acyl chains,such as PA,MGDG,DGDG,and TAG,are proposed to play a major role in cotton anther development.We also showed that an excessive level of MGDG and DGDG caused jasmonic acid(JA) overaccumulation in MS anthers,which in turn inhibited the expression of GhFAD3 and consequently reduced the C18:3 content,presumably via a feedback regulation mechanism,ultimately affecting plant fertility.Together,our results revealed the importance of a balanced lipid metabolism in regulating the development of cotton anther and pollen and consequently male fertility.
基金supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(72374180)“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Programs of Zhejiang Province(2026C02A1147,2025C02104)+5 种基金Research Center of Prevention and Treatment of Senescence Syndrome,School of Medicine Zhejiang University(2022010002)Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine(2020E10004)Oriental Talent Project(002)The key discipline of the Clinical Medical Research Center Geriatric frailty(LCXZ2202)Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Key Support Discipline Program(2023ZDFC0402)Zhejiang University School of Public Health Interdisciplinary Research Innovation Team Development Project。
文摘Objective This study examined the associations between multidimensional body composition modalities and brain aging in Chinese adults.Methods Brain age was estimated using ridge regression based on 24 head computed tomographyderived neuroanatomical indicators in a Chinese cohort(n=557).Brain age gap(BAG),the deviation between the predicted brain age and chronological age(CA),was categorized into brain age acceleration(BAG>0)and deceleration(BAG<0)groups.Principal component analysis of 22 correlationindependent body composition indicators identified different body composition modalities.Logistic regression was used to examine the associations between these modalities and the BAG groups.Results The mean absolute error of brain age in predicting CA was 6.41 years.Three body composition modalities were identified:fat mass dominant(characterized by high loading coefficients of body fat mass,fat mass index,visceral fat level,and fat-to-lean mass ratio);fat-free mass dominant;and trunkleg contrast distribution.The fat mass dominant modality was significantly associated with brain age acceleration(odds ratio[OR]=1.40,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.15‒1.71),and the association was robust in sensitivity analyses.Conclusion The fat mass dominant modality was significantly associated with accelerated brain aging.This study suggests integrating deep body composition indicators into clinical and community health screening could aid in targeted prevention of brain aging.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12272211,12072181,and 12121002).
文摘Uncertain parameters are widespread in engineering systems.This study investigates the modal analysis of a fluid-conveying pipe subjected to elastic supports with unknown-but-bound parameters.The governing equation for the elastically supported fluid-conveying pipe is transformed into ordinary differential equations using the Galerkin truncation method.The Chebyshev interval approach,integrated with the assumed mode method is then used to investigate the effects of uncertainties of support stiffness,fluid speed,and pipe length on the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the pipe.Additionally,both symmetrical and asymmetrical support stiffnesses are discussed.The accuracy and effectiveness of the Chebyshev interval approach are verified through comparison with the Monte Carlo method.The results reveal that,for the same deviation coefficient,uncertainties in symmetrical support stiffness have a greater impact on the first four natural frequencies than those of the asymmetrical one.There may be significant differences in the sensitivity of natural frequencies and mode shapes of the same order to uncertain parameters.Notably,mode shapes susceptible to uncertain parameters exhibit wider fluctuation intervals near the elastic supports,requiring more attention.
基金supported by the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station,Special Research Initiative(MAFES-SRI),USA,the USDA-Agricultural Research Service(USDA-ARS)(58-6064-3-007)the National Institute of Food and Agriculture,USA(MIS-430030)。
文摘Elevated CO_(2)(eCO_(2))may mitigate stress-induced damage to cotton(Gossypium spp.)growth and development.However,understanding the early-stage responses of cotton to multiple abiotic stressors at eCO_(2)levels has been limited.This study quantified the impacts of chilling(CS,22/14℃,day/night temperature),heat(HS,38/30℃),drought(DS,50%irrigation of the control),and salt(SS,8 d S m-1)stresses on pigments,physiology,growth,and development of 14 upland cotton cultivars under ambient CO_(2)(aCO_(2),420 ppm;current)and eCO_(2)(700 ppm;future)levels during the vegetative stage.The eCO_(2)partially negated the effects of all stresses by improving one or more of the pigments,physiological,growth,and development traits,except CS.For instance,HS at aCO_(2)significantly increased stomatal conductance by 36%compared with non-stressed plants at aCO_(2).However,HS at eCO_(2)significantly decreased stomatal conductance by 18%compared with HS at aCO_(2).The first squaring was delayed by one day under SS at aCO_(2)but two days earlier under SS at eCO_(2)than non-stressed plants at aCO_(2).Root and shoot dry mass and the total leaf area were significantly higher under all stresses,except for CS,at the eCO_(2)compared with similar stresses at the aCO_(2).Most growth and development traits,including plant height,leaf area,and shoot dry mass,displayed a mirroring response pattern between aCO_(2)and eCO_(2)under all environments except CS.Cultivars exhibited significant interaction with stressed environments.Further,results revealed differential sensitivity and adaptation potential of cultivars to stress environments at varying CO_(2)levels.This study highlights the need to consider eCO_(2)in designing breeding programs to develop stress-tolerant varieties for future cotton-growing environments.
基金supported by the intramural research program of the U.S.Department of Agriculture,National Institute of Food and Agriculture,Biobased Economy Through Biobased Products,under Award#2023-68016-40132.
文摘This study explores a novel method for processing cotton stalks—an abundant agricultural byproduct—into long strips that serve as sustainable raw material for engineered bio-based panels.To evaluate the effect of raw material morphology on panel’s performance,two types of cotton stalk-based panels were developed:one using long strips,maintaining fiber continuity,and the other using ground particles,representing conventional processing.A wood strand-based panel made from commercial southern yellow pine strands served as the control.All panels were bonded using phenol-formaldehyde resin and hot-pressed to a target thickness of 12.7 mm and density of 640 kg/m^(3).Their mechanical and physical properties were evaluated through internal bond,bending,thickness swelling,and water absorption tests.Both cotton stalk-based panels showed improved bonding performance compared to the control.The internal bond of the strip-based panel was nearly four times higher than that of the control,while the particlebased panel exceeded it by a factor of two.The strip-based panel showed approximately 15% lower bending stiffness than the wood strand-based panel,yet it surpassed it in load-carrying capacity by 5%.In contrast,the particleboard showed significantly lower bending performance than the strip-based and control panels,despite particle processing being a more conventional method.Both cotton stalk-based panels exhibited higher water absorption and thickness swelling than the wood strand panel.Overall,cotton stalk-based panels—particularly those using strip processing—show promisingmechanical properties,suggesting potential applications in sheathing,furniture,and interior paneling.However,improvements in dimensional stability are needed for broader use.
基金financially supported by the Tianshan Talent Development Program,China for Yali Zhangthe Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,China(2024DA002)the Earmarked Fund for XJARS-Cotton,China(XJARS-03)。
文摘Hydraulic theory predicts a positive coupling between leaf hydraulic conductance(K_(leaf))and stomatal conductance(g_(s));however,this theory has not been fully supported by observations,and underlying mechanisms are poorly understood.Partitioning K_(leaf)into inside-xylem(K_(x))and outside-xylem(K_(ox))components offers a refined framework for elucidating the regulation of g_(s) by leaf hydraulics.While optimal planting density may enhance water use efficiency(WUE)through modulation of g_(s),corresponding changes in leaf hydraulic properties and their influence on gas exchange remain unclear.We examined relationships among K_(x),K_(ox),g_(s),leaf photosynthetic rate(A_(N)),and WUE,and analyzed the structural determinants of K_(ox)in cotton grown under eight planting densities:12,18,24,36,48,60,72,and 84 plants m^(–2).Results showed that as planting density increased,K_(leaf)and A_(N) remained stable,whereas K_(ox)and g_(s) declined significantly.Leaf thickness and the volume fraction of inter-cellular air space were key structural factors influencing K_(ox).Neither K_(leaf)nor K_(x)correlated with A_(N) or g_(s);however,K_(ox)exhibited a significant positive correlation with g_(s).Furthermore,K_(ox)was negatively correlated with WUE.These findings indicate that K_(ox)modulates g_(s) to minimize water loss without compromising A_(N),thereby enhancing WUE in cotton across varying planting densities.
文摘Advanced intensity measures(IMs)based on an inelastic deformation spectrum improved the evaluation of the median engineering demand parameters(EDPs)and reduced dispersion.In this regard,an optimized two-degreefreedom(2DOF)modal pushover-based scaling procedure(2DMPS)has been developed for a nonlinear dynamic analysis of asymmetric in-plan buildings.The 2DMPS procedure scales ground motions to approach close enough to a target value of the inelastic displacement of the first-mode inelastic 2DOF modal stick,extended for structures with significant contributions of higher modes.Further,4-,6-and 13-story RC SMRF buildings were selected for analyses using ground motion records scaled by the 2DMPS procedure,the modal pushover-based scaling method(MPS),and ASCE/SEI 7-16 scaling procedures.The median values of EDPs on scaled records closely matched the benchmark results.The bias in the EDP values due to the scaled records in every group regarding their median value was lower than the dispersion of the 21 unscaled records.These results generally demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the 2DMPS method.Additionally,the 2DOF modal stick’s inelastic response spectra are better suited for calculating seismic demands for one-way asymmetric-plan structures than the SDOF inelastic response spectra.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42101342,U2243205)the Third Comprehensive Scientific Expedition to Xinjiang(No.2021XJKK1403)。
文摘Cotton is an important global cash crops that serve as the primary source of natural fiber for textiles.A thorough understand-ing of the long-term variations in cotton cultivation is vital for optimizing cotton cultivation management and promoting the sustainable development of the cotton industry.Xinjiang is the primary cotton-producing region in China.However,long-term data of cotton cultiv-ation areas with high spatial resolution are unavailable for Xinjiang,China.Therefore,this study aimed to identify and map an accurate 30-m cotton cultivation area dataset in Xinjiang from 2000 to 2020 by applying a Random Forest(RF)-based method that integrates Landsat and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)images,and validated the applicability and accuracy of dataset at a large spatial scale.Then,this study analyzed the spatiotemporal variations and influencing factors of cotton cultivation in the study period.The results showed that a high classification accuracy was achieved(overall accuracy>85%,F1>0.80),strongly agreeing with county-level agricultural statistical yearbook data(R2>0.72).Significant spatiotemporal variation in the cotton cultivation areas was found in Xinjiang,with a total increase of 1131.26 kha from 2000 to 2020.Notably,cotton cultivation area in southern Xinjiang expan-ded substantially,with that in Aksu increasing from 20.10%in 2000 to 28.17%in 2020,representing an expansion of 374.29 kha.In northern Xinjiang,the cotton areas in the Tacheng region also exhibited significant increased by almost ten percentage points in the same period.In contrast,cotton cultivation in eastern Xinjiang declined,decreasing from 2.22%in 2000 to merely 0.24%in 2020.Standard deviation ellipse analysis revealed a‘northeast-southwest’spatial distribution,with the centroid consistently located in Aksu and shifting 102.96 km over the 20-yr period.Pearson correlation analysis indicated that socioeconomic factors had a stronger influence on cotton cultivation than climatic factors,with effective irrigation area(r=0.963,P<0.05)and total agricultural machinery power(r=0.823)showing significant positive correlations,whereas climatic variables exhibiting weak associations(r<0.200).These results provide valuable scientific data for informed agricultural management,sustainable development,and policymaking.
基金supported by the Innovation Foundation of Provincial Education Department of Gansu(2024B-005)the Gansu Province National Science Foundation(22YF7GA182)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.lzujbky2022-kb01)。
文摘Modal parameters can accurately characterize the structural dynamic properties and assess the physical state of the structure.Therefore,it is particularly significant to identify the structural modal parameters according to the monitoring data information in the structural health monitoring(SHM)system,so as to provide a scientific basis for structural damage identification and dynamic model modification.In view of this,this paper reviews methods for identifying structural modal parameters under environmental excitation and briefly describes how to identify structural damages based on the derived modal parameters.The paper primarily introduces data-driven modal parameter recognition methods(e.g.,time-domain,frequency-domain,and time-frequency-domain methods,etc.),briefly describes damage identification methods based on the variations of modal parameters(e.g.,natural frequency,modal shapes,and curvature modal shapes,etc.)and modal validation methods(e.g.,Stability Diagram and Modal Assurance Criterion,etc.).The current status of the application of artificial intelligence(AI)methods in the direction of modal parameter recognition and damage identification is further discussed.Based on the pre-vious analysis,the main development trends of structural modal parameter recognition and damage identification methods are given to provide scientific references for the optimized design and functional upgrading of SHM systems.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Program of Xinjiang Construction Corps(No.2024AB064)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41975044,42001314)。
文摘Climate change is significantly impacting cotton production in the Tarim River Basin.The study investigated the climate change characteristics from 2021 to 2100 using climate change datasets simulated per the coupled model inter-comparison project phase six(CMIP6)climatic patterns under the shared socioeconomic pathways SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5.The DSSAT-CROPGROCotton model,along with stepwise multiple regression analyses,was used to simulate changes in the potential yield of seed cotton due to climate change.The results show that while future temperatures in the Tarim River Basin will rise significantly,changes in precipitation and radiation during the cotton-growing season are minimal.Seed cotton yields are more sensitive to low temperatures than to precipitation and radiation.The potential yield of seed cotton under the SSP2-4.5 scenario would increase by 14.8%,23.7%,29.0%,and 29.4%in the 2030S,2050S,2070S,and 2090S,respectively.In contrast,under the SSP5-8.5 scenario,the potential yield of seed cotton would see increases of 17.5%,27.1%,30.1%,and 22.6%,respectively.Except for the 2090s under the SSP5-8.5 scenario,future seed cotton production can withstand a 10%to 20%deficit in irrigation.These findings will help develop climate change adaptation strategies for cotton cultivation.
基金financial help from the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFE0101200)the Key Research and Development Project of Jiangsu Province,China(Modern Agriculture,BE2022364)+1 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization Open Fund,China(CB2024A06)support of the Ministry of Science,Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia(451-03-66/2024-03/200007)。
文摘Two cotton research institute(CRI)near-isogenic lines,CRI-12 glanded and CRI-12 glandless,were used to pinpoint potential genes and metabolic pathways linked to gossypol biosynthesis through transcriptome sequencing.We discovered more than 235 million clean reads and 1,184 differentially expressed genes(DEGs).Consecutively,we conducted a weighted gene co-expression network analysis and found a strong correlation between white and yellow modules containing GhTPS(GH_D09G0090)and GhCYP(GH_D05G2016)hub genes with the gossypol content.Importance of the GhTPS and GhCYP genes was demonstrated using RT-qPCR,virusinduced gene silencing(VIGS),and target metabolite analysis.Silencing these genes resulted in fewer glands on both leaves and stems two weeks after the infection compared to the wild type.In addition,152 metabolites were identified through targeted metabolite profiling.Differential metabolite screening revealed 12 and 18 significantly different metabolites in TRV:GhTPS and TRV:GhCYP plants vs.the control group,respectively,showing a reduction in the accumulation of metabolites compared to the control.Content of hemigossypol,the final product of gossypol biosynthesis,was also reduced,as revealed by target metabolite analysis,suggesting the role of these genes in the gossypol biosynthetic pathway.Furthermore,a highly significant difference in gossypol content between the glanded and glandless lines was recorded.Findings of this study reveal a strong link between the gossypol content and GhTPS and GhCYP hub genes,suggesting their role in the gossypol biosynthetic pathway to reduce the accumulation of hemigossypol,which may offer new comprehension into the regulatory checkpoints of the gossypol biosynthesis pathway in cotton.
基金Funding support for the Crop Pest Surveillance and Advisory Project(CROPSAP)。
文摘Background Cotton crop is infested by numerous arthropod pests from sowing to harvesting,causing substantial direct and indirect yield losses.Knowledge of seasonal population trends and the relative occurrence of pests and their natural enemies is required to minimize the pest population and yield losses.In the current study,analysis of the seasonal population trend of pests and natural enemies and their relative occurrence on cultivars of three cotton species in Central India has been carried out.Results A higher number and diversity of sucking pests were observed during the vegetative cotton growth stage(60 days after sowing),declining as the crop matured.With the exception of cotton jassid(Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida),which caused significant crop damage mainly from August to September;populations of other sucking insects seldom reached economic threshold levels(ETL)throughout the studied period.The bollworm complex populations were minimal,except for the pink bollworm(Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders),which re-emerged as a menace to cotton crops during the cotton cropping season 2017–2018 due to resistance development against Bt-cotton.A reasonably good number of predatory arthropods,including coccinellids,lacewings,and spiders,were found actively preying on the arthropod pest complex of the cotton crop during the early vegetative growth stage.Linear regression indicates a significant relationship between green boll infestations and pink bollworm moths in pheromone traps.Multiple linear regression analyse showed mean weekly weather at one-or two-week lag periods had a significant impact on sucking pest population(cotton aphid,cotton jassid,cotton whitefly,and onion thrips)fluctuation.Gossypium hirsutum cultivars RCH 2 and DCH 32,and G.barbadense cultivar Suvin were found susceptible to cotton jassid and onion thrips.Phule Dhanvantary,an G.arboreum cotton cultivar,demonstrated the highest tolerance among all evaluated cultivars against all sucking pests.Conclusion These findings have important implications for pest management in cotton crops.Susceptible cultivars warrant more attention for plant protection measures,making them more input-intensive.The choice of appropriate cultivars can help minimize input costs,thereby increasing net returns for cotton farmers.
