Mobility as a service(MaaS)is an innovative and value-laden method to operate ondemand mobility services within the existing transport infrastructures.A big challenge for the transport system is that the transport inf...Mobility as a service(MaaS)is an innovative and value-laden method to operate ondemand mobility services within the existing transport infrastructures.A big challenge for the transport system is that the transport infrastructure cannot be restructured as quickly as a digital platform like cloud computing infrastructure services,which is a constraint that limits the balance between mobility demand and supply in real-time.The ownership of mobility services needs to be redefined to establish legal binds between service vendors and commuters,further demonstrating the capacity to balance the demand and supply of mobility services in real-time.The ownership of a mobility service is defined as the commuter’s right to use the mobility service provided by the service vendor under agreed terms and conditions.This is facilitated by MobiToken in this study.An eMarketplace is proposed for commuters,mobility service vendors and other stakeholders to exchange MobiToken,where the marketplace demonstrates the potential use of blockchain tools,methods and algorithms,where a specialised capability for reliably link stakeholders is proposed through a nonrevertible blockchain dataset.The bidden price of MobiToken reflects the demand for mobility services in the real world,where congestion charges are incorporated within the bidden price.The performance of the preliminary platform is evaluated with three testing scenarios,and the results of performance testing indicate the stability and reliability of the Raft consensus algorithm for the blockchain database.展开更多
交通是城市绿色低碳转型中最受关注的领域之一,也是数字化渗透及数字平台最为活跃的领域。出行即服务(Mobility as a Service, MaaS)系统是绿色交通的典型代表,是一种新型交通组织和供给方式,反映了当前出行需求的深刻变化和城市交通组...交通是城市绿色低碳转型中最受关注的领域之一,也是数字化渗透及数字平台最为活跃的领域。出行即服务(Mobility as a Service, MaaS)系统是绿色交通的典型代表,是一种新型交通组织和供给方式,反映了当前出行需求的深刻变化和城市交通组织范式转变的耦合。全球范围内已出现了上百个大小规模不等和模式各异的MaaS实践创新,北京MaaS是中国持续至今、影响最大的MaaS实践。目前MaaS实践提出的理论和方法主要基于欧美发达国家,无法充分描述和分析中国实践。在文献研究的基础上,延伸纳入了中国经验,提出了具有全球普适性的一个MaaS系统分析框架,强调辨析全球范围内的MaaS异同均可以从三个维度展开,即嵌入的社会背景、发展目标和产生的社会经济环境影响;并应用此框架对国内外五个典型MaaS进行了比较研究,重点解码了北京MaaS的激励机制、商业模式和商业生态。本文旨在推动MaaS理论和研究方法的全球发展,重点提出了四个方面的关注:(1)MaaS系统的发展再次考验着城市交通如何回归其公共属性;(2)MaaS实践嵌入在城市社会背景中,具有明显的差异性。模式选择是对城市既有社会背景和交通格局的继承,但也可能就此发生转向。MaaS打开了一次城市交通转型的机会窗口;(3)MaaS系统的可持续运营依然面临挑战;(4)数字技术带来数据产权、数据隐私和安全等亟待解决的新问题。所有研究案例表明,数字技术的快速发展需要匹配治理模式创新,MaaS生态的协同进化至关重要。展开更多
Smart mobility solutions are trending in the mobility domain realized through pilot activities and commercial solutions,but there is a lack of a broad framework defining the readiness to introduce such mobility soluti...Smart mobility solutions are trending in the mobility domain realized through pilot activities and commercial solutions,but there is a lack of a broad framework defining the readiness to introduce such mobility solutions in a specific area.In this research,smart mobility solutions are examined in the perspective of the Mobility-as-a-Service(MaaS)scheme that is an adequate representation of the maturity of a region regarding smart mobility solutions including technology,business,and coopetition aspects.These three aspects define the feature selection,whereas surveys are used to collect input data from local experts(LEs).For weighting the features,the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)is used with a modified interpretive structural modeling(ISM).With this modification,an expert-friendly process is developed without affecting the results.The elaborated MaaS readiness index(MRI)is applied to six regions with different types of mobility related pilot activities to demonstrate the MRI as a comparison tool between regions and between ex-ante and ex-post pilot activities.The developed interpretive structural modeling with Graph(ISM-G)methodology requites remarkably less work from the evaluators compared to the ISM,while no important difference appeared in the results.The MRI can support smart mobility related pilot evaluations,whereas the ISM-G can be used widely in decision-making.展开更多
文摘Mobility as a service(MaaS)is an innovative and value-laden method to operate ondemand mobility services within the existing transport infrastructures.A big challenge for the transport system is that the transport infrastructure cannot be restructured as quickly as a digital platform like cloud computing infrastructure services,which is a constraint that limits the balance between mobility demand and supply in real-time.The ownership of mobility services needs to be redefined to establish legal binds between service vendors and commuters,further demonstrating the capacity to balance the demand and supply of mobility services in real-time.The ownership of a mobility service is defined as the commuter’s right to use the mobility service provided by the service vendor under agreed terms and conditions.This is facilitated by MobiToken in this study.An eMarketplace is proposed for commuters,mobility service vendors and other stakeholders to exchange MobiToken,where the marketplace demonstrates the potential use of blockchain tools,methods and algorithms,where a specialised capability for reliably link stakeholders is proposed through a nonrevertible blockchain dataset.The bidden price of MobiToken reflects the demand for mobility services in the real world,where congestion charges are incorporated within the bidden price.The performance of the preliminary platform is evaluated with three testing scenarios,and the results of performance testing indicate the stability and reliability of the Raft consensus algorithm for the blockchain database.
文摘交通是城市绿色低碳转型中最受关注的领域之一,也是数字化渗透及数字平台最为活跃的领域。出行即服务(Mobility as a Service, MaaS)系统是绿色交通的典型代表,是一种新型交通组织和供给方式,反映了当前出行需求的深刻变化和城市交通组织范式转变的耦合。全球范围内已出现了上百个大小规模不等和模式各异的MaaS实践创新,北京MaaS是中国持续至今、影响最大的MaaS实践。目前MaaS实践提出的理论和方法主要基于欧美发达国家,无法充分描述和分析中国实践。在文献研究的基础上,延伸纳入了中国经验,提出了具有全球普适性的一个MaaS系统分析框架,强调辨析全球范围内的MaaS异同均可以从三个维度展开,即嵌入的社会背景、发展目标和产生的社会经济环境影响;并应用此框架对国内外五个典型MaaS进行了比较研究,重点解码了北京MaaS的激励机制、商业模式和商业生态。本文旨在推动MaaS理论和研究方法的全球发展,重点提出了四个方面的关注:(1)MaaS系统的发展再次考验着城市交通如何回归其公共属性;(2)MaaS实践嵌入在城市社会背景中,具有明显的差异性。模式选择是对城市既有社会背景和交通格局的继承,但也可能就此发生转向。MaaS打开了一次城市交通转型的机会窗口;(3)MaaS系统的可持续运营依然面临挑战;(4)数字技术带来数据产权、数据隐私和安全等亟待解决的新问题。所有研究案例表明,数字技术的快速发展需要匹配治理模式创新,MaaS生态的协同进化至关重要。
基金European Union under the INTERREG Central Europe Programme.Project No.TKP2021-NVA-02 has been implemented with the support provided by the Ministry of Culture and Innovation of Hungary from the National Research,Development and Innovation Fund,financed under the TKP2021-NVA funding scheme.
文摘Smart mobility solutions are trending in the mobility domain realized through pilot activities and commercial solutions,but there is a lack of a broad framework defining the readiness to introduce such mobility solutions in a specific area.In this research,smart mobility solutions are examined in the perspective of the Mobility-as-a-Service(MaaS)scheme that is an adequate representation of the maturity of a region regarding smart mobility solutions including technology,business,and coopetition aspects.These three aspects define the feature selection,whereas surveys are used to collect input data from local experts(LEs).For weighting the features,the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)is used with a modified interpretive structural modeling(ISM).With this modification,an expert-friendly process is developed without affecting the results.The elaborated MaaS readiness index(MRI)is applied to six regions with different types of mobility related pilot activities to demonstrate the MRI as a comparison tool between regions and between ex-ante and ex-post pilot activities.The developed interpretive structural modeling with Graph(ISM-G)methodology requites remarkably less work from the evaluators compared to the ISM,while no important difference appeared in the results.The MRI can support smart mobility related pilot evaluations,whereas the ISM-G can be used widely in decision-making.
