An efficient electrocatalyst is indispensable to significantly reduce energy consumption and accelerate the conversion efficiency of water splitting.In this work,the honeycomb-like porous MoCo alloy on nitrogen-doped ...An efficient electrocatalyst is indispensable to significantly reduce energy consumption and accelerate the conversion efficiency of water splitting.In this work,the honeycomb-like porous MoCo alloy on nitrogen-doped three-dimensional(3D)porous graphene substrate(Mo_(0.3)Co_(0.7)@NPG)has been synthesized from the annealing of layered double hydroxide(MoCo-LDH@NPG).Especially,the Mo_(0.3)Co_(0.7)@NPG exhibits low hydrogen evolution overpotential of 75 mV(10 mA·cm^(-2))and a Tafel slope of 69.9 mV·dec^(-1),which can be attributed to highly conductive NPG substrate,the unique nanostructure and the synergistic effect of Mo and Co.Moreover,the Mo_(0.3)Co_(0.7)@NPG can maintain the original morphology and high catalytic activity after 50-h stability test.This work proposes a general strategy to synthesize a multi-element alloy on conductive substrates with high porosity for electrocatalytic reaction.展开更多
Pre-harvest sprouting(PHS)or vivipary is a major problem affecting cereal quality and grain quantity and is primarily linked to the dysregulation of abscisic acid(ABA)biosynthesis in plants.Therefore,elucidating the m...Pre-harvest sprouting(PHS)or vivipary is a major problem affecting cereal quality and grain quantity and is primarily linked to the dysregulation of abscisic acid(ABA)biosynthesis in plants.Therefore,elucidating the molecular mechanisms governing seed dormancy is crucial for developing strategies to improve crop productivity.In this study,we identified a novel viviparous maize mutant,viviparous-like 5(vp-like5),which exhibits precocious germination in developing seeds.Through map-based cloning,we discovered that ZmCNX6,which encodes a small subunit of molybdopterin synthase essential for molybdenum cofactor(MoCo)biosynthesis,is the causal gene responsible for the vp-like5 phenotype.Biochemical assays have demonstrated significantly reduced activities of MoCo-dependent enzymes,including aldehyde oxidase(AO),xanthine dehydrogenase(XDH),and nitrate reductase(NR),in vplike5.AO is essential for the ABA biosynthesis,and the observed ABA deficiency in vp-like5 likely drives the viviparous phenotype.Expression analysis showed that ZmCNX6 was stably expressed during seed development,indicating its significant role in seed development.Furthermore,overexpression of ZmCNX6 not only enhanced the activities of MoCo-dependent enzymes but also improved drought tolerance in maize.Collectively,our study revealed ZmCNX6 as a multifunctional hub coordinating MoCo metabolism,ABA-dependent dormancy regulation,and abiotic stress responses,offering a potential target for simultaneously mitigating vivipary and improving drought resistance in maize.展开更多
Molybdenum cofactor(Moco)biosynthesis is linked to c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)signaling in Drosophila through MoaE,a molybdopterin(MPT)synthase subunit that is also acomponent of theAdaTwoAcontaining(ATAC)acetyltrans...Molybdenum cofactor(Moco)biosynthesis is linked to c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)signaling in Drosophila through MoaE,a molybdopterin(MPT)synthase subunit that is also acomponent of theAdaTwoAcontaining(ATAC)acetyltransferasecomplex.Here,weshow thathumanMPTsynthase and ATAC inhibited PKR,a double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase,to facilitate translation initiation of iron-responsive mRNA.MPT synthase and ATAC directly interacted with PKR and suppressed latent autophosphorylation of PKR and its downstream phosphorylation of JNK and eukaryotic initiation factor 2a(eIF2a).The suppression of eIF2a phosphorylation via MPT synthase and ATAC prevented sequestration of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor eIF2B,which recycles eIF2-GDP to eIF2-GTP,resulting in the promotion of translation initiation.Indeed,translation of the iron storage protein,ferritin,was reduced in the absence of MPT synthase or ATAC subunits.Thus,MPT synthase and ATAC regulate latent PKR signaling and link transcription and translation initiation.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52272296 and 51502092)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.JKD01211601 and 1222201718002)the National Overseas High-Level Talent Youth Program in China and the Eastern Scholar Project of Shanghai。
文摘An efficient electrocatalyst is indispensable to significantly reduce energy consumption and accelerate the conversion efficiency of water splitting.In this work,the honeycomb-like porous MoCo alloy on nitrogen-doped three-dimensional(3D)porous graphene substrate(Mo_(0.3)Co_(0.7)@NPG)has been synthesized from the annealing of layered double hydroxide(MoCo-LDH@NPG).Especially,the Mo_(0.3)Co_(0.7)@NPG exhibits low hydrogen evolution overpotential of 75 mV(10 mA·cm^(-2))and a Tafel slope of 69.9 mV·dec^(-1),which can be attributed to highly conductive NPG substrate,the unique nanostructure and the synergistic effect of Mo and Co.Moreover,the Mo_(0.3)Co_(0.7)@NPG can maintain the original morphology and high catalytic activity after 50-h stability test.This work proposes a general strategy to synthesize a multi-element alloy on conductive substrates with high porosity for electrocatalytic reaction.
基金supported by the Open Project of Key Laboratory,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2023D04070)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of CAAS(CAAS-CSCB-202403)。
文摘Pre-harvest sprouting(PHS)or vivipary is a major problem affecting cereal quality and grain quantity and is primarily linked to the dysregulation of abscisic acid(ABA)biosynthesis in plants.Therefore,elucidating the molecular mechanisms governing seed dormancy is crucial for developing strategies to improve crop productivity.In this study,we identified a novel viviparous maize mutant,viviparous-like 5(vp-like5),which exhibits precocious germination in developing seeds.Through map-based cloning,we discovered that ZmCNX6,which encodes a small subunit of molybdopterin synthase essential for molybdenum cofactor(MoCo)biosynthesis,is the causal gene responsible for the vp-like5 phenotype.Biochemical assays have demonstrated significantly reduced activities of MoCo-dependent enzymes,including aldehyde oxidase(AO),xanthine dehydrogenase(XDH),and nitrate reductase(NR),in vplike5.AO is essential for the ABA biosynthesis,and the observed ABA deficiency in vp-like5 likely drives the viviparous phenotype.Expression analysis showed that ZmCNX6 was stably expressed during seed development,indicating its significant role in seed development.Furthermore,overexpression of ZmCNX6 not only enhanced the activities of MoCo-dependent enzymes but also improved drought tolerance in maize.Collectively,our study revealed ZmCNX6 as a multifunctional hub coordinating MoCo metabolism,ABA-dependent dormancy regulation,and abiotic stress responses,offering a potential target for simultaneously mitigating vivipary and improving drought resistance in maize.
基金supported by private funding fromthe Stowers Institute for Medical Research to the Workman laboratory.
文摘Molybdenum cofactor(Moco)biosynthesis is linked to c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)signaling in Drosophila through MoaE,a molybdopterin(MPT)synthase subunit that is also acomponent of theAdaTwoAcontaining(ATAC)acetyltransferasecomplex.Here,weshow thathumanMPTsynthase and ATAC inhibited PKR,a double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase,to facilitate translation initiation of iron-responsive mRNA.MPT synthase and ATAC directly interacted with PKR and suppressed latent autophosphorylation of PKR and its downstream phosphorylation of JNK and eukaryotic initiation factor 2a(eIF2a).The suppression of eIF2a phosphorylation via MPT synthase and ATAC prevented sequestration of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor eIF2B,which recycles eIF2-GDP to eIF2-GTP,resulting in the promotion of translation initiation.Indeed,translation of the iron storage protein,ferritin,was reduced in the absence of MPT synthase or ATAC subunits.Thus,MPT synthase and ATAC regulate latent PKR signaling and link transcription and translation initiation.
