Cu/Ti3AlC2 composite and functional-gradient materials with excellent electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity as well as good flexural properties were prepared by low-temperature spark plasma sintering of Cu ...Cu/Ti3AlC2 composite and functional-gradient materials with excellent electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity as well as good flexural properties were prepared by low-temperature spark plasma sintering of Cu and Ti3AlC2 powder mixtures. The phase compositions of the materials were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, and their microstructure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Further, the electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and flexural properties of the materials were tested. Results show that, for the composite materials, the resistivity rises from 0.75 × 10^-7 Ω·m only to 1.32 × 10^-7 Ω·m and the thermal diffusivity reduces from 82.5 mm^2/s simply to 39.8 mm^2/s, while the flexural strength improves from 412.9 MPa to 471.3 MPa, as the content of Ti3AlC2 is increased from 5 wt%to 25 wt%. Additionally, the functional-gradient materials sintered without interface between the layers exhibit good designability, and their overall electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and flexural strength are all higher than those of the corresponding uniform composite material.展开更多
Ti1Al2O3 Functionally Gradient Material (FGM) was prepared by an explosive compaction/SHS process. Ten sheets of the compounding powder were laminated and pressed to get a green body of FGM. It was then compacted expl...Ti1Al2O3 Functionally Gradient Material (FGM) was prepared by an explosive compaction/SHS process. Ten sheets of the compounding powder were laminated and pressed to get a green body of FGM. It was then compacted explosively By burying the explosive compaction body into a stoichiometric Al/TiO2 mixture and igniting the combustion of the stoichiometric Al/TiO2 mixture, the SHS reaction of the explosive compaction body was initiated by the heat released from the combustion of the stoichiometric Al/TiO2 mixture. In this way, Ti/Al2O3 FGM was synthesized. The adiabatic temperatures of each gradient layer were calculated when the preheating temperatures were 298 K and 1173 K, respectively The microstructure, composition and properties of Ti/Al2O3 FGM and the reaction mechanism of each gradient layer were studied. It was found that Ti/Al2O3 FGM prepared by the explosive compaction/SHS process had a high density and a high microhardness. Its structure, composition and properties showed apparent gradient distribution. The structure of the standard stoichiometric ratio gradient layer of FGM was a network structure. Its reaction mode could be described as follows: Al powder melted first, then the molten Al penetrated into the TiO2 zone and reacted with TiO2, and big pores were left in the original positions of Al powder. The reaction of gradient layers with the addition of Al3O3 as diluents was similar to that of the standard stoichiometric ratio gradient layer, so were their structure and composition. However, the reaction of gradient layers with the addition of Ti as diluents was more complex and the composition deviated slightly from the designed one展开更多
The fabrication. microstructure and mechanical properties of ZrO2-Ni functionally gradient materials (FGM ) have been studied. FGM as well as non-FG M of ZrO2-Ni system was developed by powder metallurgical process. X...The fabrication. microstructure and mechanical properties of ZrO2-Ni functionally gradient materials (FGM ) have been studied. FGM as well as non-FG M of ZrO2-Ni system was developed by powder metallurgical process. X-ray diffractometer (XRD ). electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA), scanning electron microscope (SEM ) and optical microscope were employed to investigate the crystalline phases. chemical composition and microstructure Experimental results demonstrate that the composition and microstructure of ZrO2-Ni FGM have the expected gradient distribution. There are no distinct interfaces in the FGM due to the gradient change of components. that is, the constituents are continuous in microstructure everywhere. Moreover, Vickers hardness and flexural strength were measured for the common composites as a function of composition. It is made clear that the mechanical properties of the FGM vary corresponding to the constitutional changes as well展开更多
Spherical Ni(OH)2 powder coated with Co(OH)2 as raw material was mixed with LiOH to synthesize cathode material for lithium ion battery by using solid-state reaction. After sintered at temperature above 600 ℃, a soli...Spherical Ni(OH)2 powder coated with Co(OH)2 as raw material was mixed with LiOH to synthesize cathode material for lithium ion battery by using solid-state reaction. After sintered at temperature above 600 ℃, a solid solution with layer structure was formed. The result of XPS shows that it is a concentration gradient material with higher cobalt content at the surface, and the gradient decreases with increasing sintering temperature from 650 to 750 ℃. This new gradient material, called as Co-coated LiNiO2, exhibits excellent electrochemical performances for the cathode of Li-ion batteries in comparison with LiNiO2 and Co-doping LiNiO2. The discharge capacity of Co-coated LiNiO2 is over 180 mA·h/g and capacity decay per cycle is less than 0.07% when Co-coated LiNiO2 consisting of 92% nickel and 8% cobalt was sintered at the temperatures between 650-670 ℃. Though initial discharge capacity could be increased with higher sintering temperature, the cycle life would be reduced.展开更多
Functionally gradient samples are prepared by getting metal Ni or Cu bonded with Ni-matrix composites reinforced by TiB2 particles by field activated diffusion bonding process. The intermetallic compound of Ni3Al has ...Functionally gradient samples are prepared by getting metal Ni or Cu bonded with Ni-matrix composites reinforced by TiB2 particles by field activated diffusion bonding process. The intermetallic compound of Ni3Al has been applied as a mediate layer in order to reduce residual stress. The microstracture, phase composition of the interfaces between the metal and Ni3Al are determined and the mechanical properties of the gradient materials are characterized. Elemental concentration profiles across the interfaces between layers showed significant diffusion dissolution and formation of firm bonds. Measured micro-hardness values of the sample increased monotonically from the metal substrate to the surface layer of composites. The values for the surface composite layer ranged from about 2 000 HK to 3 300 HK. The results of this investigation demonstrate the feasibility of field activated diffusion bonding process for rapid preparation of FGMs.展开更多
The microstructure and the electrical, thermal, friction, and mechanical properties of Cu/Ti_2AlC fabricated by hot-pressing at 900 ℃ for 1 h were investigated in the present work. Microstructural observations have s...The microstructure and the electrical, thermal, friction, and mechanical properties of Cu/Ti_2AlC fabricated by hot-pressing at 900 ℃ for 1 h were investigated in the present work. Microstructural observations have shown that the plate-like Ti_2AlC grains distribute irregularly in the network of Cu grains, and well-structured, crack-free bonds between the layers. With the increase in the content of Ti_2AlC from layer A to layer D, the electrical resistivity increases from 1.381×10^（-7）Ω·m to 1.918 ×10^（-7）Ω·m, the hardness increases from about 980.27 MPa to about 2196.01 MPa, and the friction coefficient from above 0.20 reduces to about 0.15. Oxidation rate increases with the increases of temperature. Exfoliation was obviously observed on the surface of oxidation layer A. The surface of layer D was still intact and the spalling and other defects were not found. The mass decreases in the acid solution, and increases in the alkaline solution. The largest corrosion rate is found in 6.5% HNO_3 or 4% Na OH solution.展开更多
In this paper two-dimensional differential quadrature method has been used to analyze thick Functionally Graded(FG)rotating disks with non-uniform boundary conditions and variable thickness.Material properties vary co...In this paper two-dimensional differential quadrature method has been used to analyze thick Functionally Graded(FG)rotating disks with non-uniform boundary conditions and variable thickness.Material properties vary continuously along both radial and axial directions by a power law pattern.Three-dimensional solid mechanics theory is employed to formulate the axisymmetric problem as a second order system of partial differential equations.The non-uniform boundary conditions are exerted directly into the governing equations to reach the eigenvalue system of equations.Four different disk profile shapes are considered and discussed.The effect of the power law exponent is also investigated and results show that by the use of material which functionally varied along the radial and especially axial directions the stresses and strains can be controlled so the capability of the disk is increased.Comparison with other available approaches in the literature shows a good agreement here in terms of computational time,robustness and accuracy of the present method.Moreover,novel applications are shown to provide results for further studies on the same topics.展开更多
基金Funded by he National Natural Science Foundation of China(51402097)the Open Foundation of Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry(201806A04)the College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Hubei University of Technology(201810500151)
文摘Cu/Ti3AlC2 composite and functional-gradient materials with excellent electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity as well as good flexural properties were prepared by low-temperature spark plasma sintering of Cu and Ti3AlC2 powder mixtures. The phase compositions of the materials were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, and their microstructure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Further, the electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and flexural properties of the materials were tested. Results show that, for the composite materials, the resistivity rises from 0.75 × 10^-7 Ω·m only to 1.32 × 10^-7 Ω·m and the thermal diffusivity reduces from 82.5 mm^2/s simply to 39.8 mm^2/s, while the flexural strength improves from 412.9 MPa to 471.3 MPa, as the content of Ti3AlC2 is increased from 5 wt%to 25 wt%. Additionally, the functional-gradient materials sintered without interface between the layers exhibit good designability, and their overall electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and flexural strength are all higher than those of the corresponding uniform composite material.
文摘Ti1Al2O3 Functionally Gradient Material (FGM) was prepared by an explosive compaction/SHS process. Ten sheets of the compounding powder were laminated and pressed to get a green body of FGM. It was then compacted explosively By burying the explosive compaction body into a stoichiometric Al/TiO2 mixture and igniting the combustion of the stoichiometric Al/TiO2 mixture, the SHS reaction of the explosive compaction body was initiated by the heat released from the combustion of the stoichiometric Al/TiO2 mixture. In this way, Ti/Al2O3 FGM was synthesized. The adiabatic temperatures of each gradient layer were calculated when the preheating temperatures were 298 K and 1173 K, respectively The microstructure, composition and properties of Ti/Al2O3 FGM and the reaction mechanism of each gradient layer were studied. It was found that Ti/Al2O3 FGM prepared by the explosive compaction/SHS process had a high density and a high microhardness. Its structure, composition and properties showed apparent gradient distribution. The structure of the standard stoichiometric ratio gradient layer of FGM was a network structure. Its reaction mode could be described as follows: Al powder melted first, then the molten Al penetrated into the TiO2 zone and reacted with TiO2, and big pores were left in the original positions of Al powder. The reaction of gradient layers with the addition of Al3O3 as diluents was similar to that of the standard stoichiometric ratio gradient layer, so were their structure and composition. However, the reaction of gradient layers with the addition of Ti as diluents was more complex and the composition deviated slightly from the designed one
文摘The fabrication. microstructure and mechanical properties of ZrO2-Ni functionally gradient materials (FGM ) have been studied. FGM as well as non-FG M of ZrO2-Ni system was developed by powder metallurgical process. X-ray diffractometer (XRD ). electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA), scanning electron microscope (SEM ) and optical microscope were employed to investigate the crystalline phases. chemical composition and microstructure Experimental results demonstrate that the composition and microstructure of ZrO2-Ni FGM have the expected gradient distribution. There are no distinct interfaces in the FGM due to the gradient change of components. that is, the constituents are continuous in microstructure everywhere. Moreover, Vickers hardness and flexural strength were measured for the common composites as a function of composition. It is made clear that the mechanical properties of the FGM vary corresponding to the constitutional changes as well
文摘Spherical Ni(OH)2 powder coated with Co(OH)2 as raw material was mixed with LiOH to synthesize cathode material for lithium ion battery by using solid-state reaction. After sintered at temperature above 600 ℃, a solid solution with layer structure was formed. The result of XPS shows that it is a concentration gradient material with higher cobalt content at the surface, and the gradient decreases with increasing sintering temperature from 650 to 750 ℃. This new gradient material, called as Co-coated LiNiO2, exhibits excellent electrochemical performances for the cathode of Li-ion batteries in comparison with LiNiO2 and Co-doping LiNiO2. The discharge capacity of Co-coated LiNiO2 is over 180 mA·h/g and capacity decay per cycle is less than 0.07% when Co-coated LiNiO2 consisting of 92% nickel and 8% cobalt was sintered at the temperatures between 650-670 ℃. Though initial discharge capacity could be increased with higher sintering temperature, the cycle life would be reduced.
基金Acknowledgment The authors wish to thank the financial support for this research from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 50975190） and the Army Office of Research （ZAM）.
文摘Functionally gradient samples are prepared by getting metal Ni or Cu bonded with Ni-matrix composites reinforced by TiB2 particles by field activated diffusion bonding process. The intermetallic compound of Ni3Al has been applied as a mediate layer in order to reduce residual stress. The microstracture, phase composition of the interfaces between the metal and Ni3Al are determined and the mechanical properties of the gradient materials are characterized. Elemental concentration profiles across the interfaces between layers showed significant diffusion dissolution and formation of firm bonds. Measured micro-hardness values of the sample increased monotonically from the metal substrate to the surface layer of composites. The values for the surface composite layer ranged from about 2 000 HK to 3 300 HK. The results of this investigation demonstrate the feasibility of field activated diffusion bonding process for rapid preparation of FGMs.
基金The Open Foundation of Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Material for Light Industry(No.(2013)2-general project-9)the Key Project of Education Department of Hubei(No.D20131406)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51302073)
文摘The microstructure and the electrical, thermal, friction, and mechanical properties of Cu/Ti_2AlC fabricated by hot-pressing at 900 ℃ for 1 h were investigated in the present work. Microstructural observations have shown that the plate-like Ti_2AlC grains distribute irregularly in the network of Cu grains, and well-structured, crack-free bonds between the layers. With the increase in the content of Ti_2AlC from layer A to layer D, the electrical resistivity increases from 1.381×10^（-7）Ω·m to 1.918 ×10^（-7）Ω·m, the hardness increases from about 980.27 MPa to about 2196.01 MPa, and the friction coefficient from above 0.20 reduces to about 0.15. Oxidation rate increases with the increases of temperature. Exfoliation was obviously observed on the surface of oxidation layer A. The surface of layer D was still intact and the spalling and other defects were not found. The mass decreases in the acid solution, and increases in the alkaline solution. The largest corrosion rate is found in 6.5% HNO_3 or 4% Na OH solution.
文摘In this paper two-dimensional differential quadrature method has been used to analyze thick Functionally Graded(FG)rotating disks with non-uniform boundary conditions and variable thickness.Material properties vary continuously along both radial and axial directions by a power law pattern.Three-dimensional solid mechanics theory is employed to formulate the axisymmetric problem as a second order system of partial differential equations.The non-uniform boundary conditions are exerted directly into the governing equations to reach the eigenvalue system of equations.Four different disk profile shapes are considered and discussed.The effect of the power law exponent is also investigated and results show that by the use of material which functionally varied along the radial and especially axial directions the stresses and strains can be controlled so the capability of the disk is increased.Comparison with other available approaches in the literature shows a good agreement here in terms of computational time,robustness and accuracy of the present method.Moreover,novel applications are shown to provide results for further studies on the same topics.
