Cohort studies are important epidemiological methods to investigate associations between environmental factors,individual characteristics,and disease or other health outcomes.As a paradigm of cohort studies,the Framin...Cohort studies are important epidemiological methods to investigate associations between environmental factors,individual characteristics,and disease or other health outcomes.As a paradigm of cohort studies,the Framingham Heart Study(FHS)is the longest-running cardiovascular epidemiological study,starting in 1948.展开更多
Using comparative molecular field analysis approach, the interaction of 17 tetrahydroprotdederines to D1 reccptor and15 ones to D2 reccptor have ben studied by 3D-QsAR. respectively. The results indicated that the int...Using comparative molecular field analysis approach, the interaction of 17 tetrahydroprotdederines to D1 reccptor and15 ones to D2 reccptor have ben studied by 3D-QsAR. respectively. The results indicated that the interactions of THPBs withdopamine receplors were primarily clectrostatic interactions. with more positive charge in lignnd and more negative in receptor.展开更多
The U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)'s program documents regarding the animal-free approach for the efficacy,pharmacokinetics,and safety evaluation of new drug preclinical studies have been rolled out gradual...The U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)'s program documents regarding the animal-free approach for the efficacy,pharmacokinetics,and safety evaluation of new drug preclinical studies have been rolled out gradually.This process has taken the FDA seven years.Starting from the reduction of funding for animal of data from organ-on-a-chip solely for pharmacodynamic studies[[1],[2],[3]],to the explicit proposal of the animal-free approach for pharmacodynamic studies in the FDA Modernization Act in Reference[4],and to the indication in 2025 that safety studies should also prioritize safety research data from in vitro microphysiological systems[5],this demonstrates the FDAs determination to gradually achieve the animal-free approach and also signals a profound paradigm shift in the field of drug research and development.This policy direction not only addresses the requirements of ethics and technological advancement but may also reshape the entire new drug development industrial chain.展开更多
Functional linguistics has exerted an increasing impact on modern linguistic studies.Functional approaches,especially metafunctions have undergone a process of development and improvement.The affirmation of the metafu...Functional linguistics has exerted an increasing impact on modern linguistic studies.Functional approaches,especially metafunctions have undergone a process of development and improvement.The affirmation of the metafunctions of language has aroused more and more scholars'concern on the"functional"facet of language,especially in Translation studies.The formation and improvement of functional approaches are introduced separately.展开更多
Increasing yield is one of the most important goals in crop breeding. Soybean （Glycine max L. Merr.）, one of the most economically important leguminous seed crops, provides the majority of plant proteins, and more t...Increasing yield is one of the most important goals in crop breeding. Soybean （Glycine max L. Merr.）, one of the most economically important leguminous seed crops, provides the majority of plant proteins, and more than a quarter of the world＇s food and animal feed （Graham and Vance, 2003）. The yield of soybean is finally determined by the number of seeds per unit area, which affected by many characters, such as height, branching number, photosynthesis, seed size, seed number. The number of seeds per pod is taken for one of the critical components that related to yield （You et al., 1995）.展开更多
Annual arrhythmic sudden cardiac death ranges from 0.6%to 4%in ischemic cardiomyopathy(ICM),1%to 2%in non-ischemic cardiomyopathy(NICM),and 1%in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM).Towards a more effective arrhythmic ris...Annual arrhythmic sudden cardiac death ranges from 0.6%to 4%in ischemic cardiomyopathy(ICM),1%to 2%in non-ischemic cardiomyopathy(NICM),and 1%in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM).Towards a more effective arrhythmic risk stratification(ARS)we hereby present a two-step ARS with the usage of seven non-invasive risk factors:Late potentials presence(≥2/3 positive criteria),premature ventricular contractions(≥30/h),non-sustained ventricular tachycardia(≥1episode/24 h),abnormal heart rate turbulence(onset≥0%and slope≤2.5 ms)and reduced deceleration capacity(≤4.5 ms),abnormal T wave alternans(≥65μV),decreased heart rate variability(SDNN<70ms),and prolonged QT_(c)interval(>440 ms in males and>450 ms in females)which reflect the arrhythmogenic mechanisms for the selection of the intermediate arrhythmic risk patients in the first step.In the second step,these intermediate-risk patients undergo a programmed ventricular stimulation(PVS)for the detection of inducible,truly high-risk ICM and NICM patients,who will benefit from an implantable cardioverter defibrillator.For HCM patients,we also suggest the incorporation of the PVS either for the low HCM Risk-score patients or for the patients with one traditional risk factor in order to improve the inadequate sensitivity of the former and the low specificity of the latter.展开更多
Global change research and sustainable development need to be addressed at larger scales in the light of small scale process studies. Much remains to be done before the small scale, process level understanding of ecos...Global change research and sustainable development need to be addressed at larger scales in the light of small scale process studies. Much remains to be done before the small scale, process level understanding of ecosystem responses to global change can be reliably translated to larger scales. The paper reviews the status of scaling issues and tries to find how to extrapolate our observations and our findings at site scale up to regional scale and provide ecological information and interpretations at the regional scale. An integrated approach to scaling-up from site to region is proposed combining hierarchical theory, landscape ecology, remote sensing, geographical information system (GIS) with process/mechanistic modeling. Remote sensing and GIS will play key roles in spatial analysis, integration as well as cross scale modeling.展开更多
The study of green compression strength of a green sand mould using statistical approach has been undertaken. Empirically generated data in National Metallurgical Development Centre, Jos Sand Testing Laboratory were u...The study of green compression strength of a green sand mould using statistical approach has been undertaken. Empirically generated data in National Metallurgical Development Centre, Jos Sand Testing Laboratory were used for the study. Coefficient of correlation, coefficients of determination and coefficient of multiple determinations were used to explain the relationship existing between the two independent variables of clay and moisture content and green compression strength, the dependent variable. The study showed that the coefficient of determination for Ys: X1 was 0.88 while the coefficient of correlation was 0.94, coefficient of determination for Ys: X2 was 0.90 while the coefficient of correlation was 0.95 and the coefficient of multiple determination was 0.72;these coefficients assisted tremendously in the study of green compression strength. A mathematical model was developed for the prediction of green compression strength;it was tested and proved to be a good estimation tool for estimating green compression strength values on the foundry shop floor. The study has clearly shown that statistical approach is a good tool for studying green compression strength of green sand moulds.展开更多
This research provides an exploration of a biomimetic approach in the process of designing a candelabra model using linear shaped leaves of a Bell flower.The design process described in this research contains two step...This research provides an exploration of a biomimetic approach in the process of designing a candelabra model using linear shaped leaves of a Bell flower.The design process described in this research contains two steps:biological and geometrical.In the first biological step,a proper model for the creation of an urban element was found from nature in a Bell flower(Campanula persicifolia L.).The upper leaves of the selected plant,which are small with a linear spear and sharpening at the top,were chosen for the modeling process.The second step included applying two geometrical methods,i.e.,Voronoi diagrams and Delaunay triangulation.A geometrical leaf form of the selected plant species and the modeling process were obtained using aparametric modeling software,Blender.Using different Blender plug-ins and modifiers,Delaunay triangulation and Voronoi diagram were implemented by marking the starting points on the leaf form in the image data source,adjusting the Delaunay triangulation parameters,and creating Voronoi diagrams in which the Voronoi points were located at the shortest distance from the edges of the Voronoi polygon.Consequently,a three dimensional model of a candelabra was developed through this study.展开更多
The average variational principle was employed in this paper to study the evolution of large-scale and slowly varying Rossby wave packet with basic flow both in barotropic and baroclinic atmospheres. The evolution of ...The average variational principle was employed in this paper to study the evolution of large-scale and slowly varying Rossby wave packet with basic flow both in barotropic and baroclinic atmospheres. The evolution of the structure of Rossby wave packet with both time and space was studied. The results obtained in this paper are similar to the results of by WKBJ method. In addition, the dispersive process of the wave packet was analysed by taking Gaussian type wave packet as an initial disturbance. The valid time scale for application of wave packet theory in the atmosphere was obtained.展开更多
Based on a case study of TESOL approaches applied in several Australian institutions,this paper gives critical analysis of the approaches by comparing them with the one encountered in the situation in which the author...Based on a case study of TESOL approaches applied in several Australian institutions,this paper gives critical analysis of the approaches by comparing them with the one encountered in the situation in which the author has been working.A further implication of those approaches is also examined.展开更多
Objective To design a paramedian supracerebelalr infratentorial keyhole approach by applying the keyhole conception and explore its feasibility. The keyhole approach is imitated and microanatomical structures are obse...Objective To design a paramedian supracerebelalr infratentorial keyhole approach by applying the keyhole conception and explore its feasibility. The keyhole approach is imitated and microanatomical structures are observed,which could be reference of this approach in clinical use. Methods The paramedian展开更多
文摘Cohort studies are important epidemiological methods to investigate associations between environmental factors,individual characteristics,and disease or other health outcomes.As a paradigm of cohort studies,the Framingham Heart Study(FHS)is the longest-running cardiovascular epidemiological study,starting in 1948.
文摘Using comparative molecular field analysis approach, the interaction of 17 tetrahydroprotdederines to D1 reccptor and15 ones to D2 reccptor have ben studied by 3D-QsAR. respectively. The results indicated that the interactions of THPBs withdopamine receplors were primarily clectrostatic interactions. with more positive charge in lignnd and more negative in receptor.
文摘The U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)'s program documents regarding the animal-free approach for the efficacy,pharmacokinetics,and safety evaluation of new drug preclinical studies have been rolled out gradually.This process has taken the FDA seven years.Starting from the reduction of funding for animal of data from organ-on-a-chip solely for pharmacodynamic studies[[1],[2],[3]],to the explicit proposal of the animal-free approach for pharmacodynamic studies in the FDA Modernization Act in Reference[4],and to the indication in 2025 that safety studies should also prioritize safety research data from in vitro microphysiological systems[5],this demonstrates the FDAs determination to gradually achieve the animal-free approach and also signals a profound paradigm shift in the field of drug research and development.This policy direction not only addresses the requirements of ethics and technological advancement but may also reshape the entire new drug development industrial chain.
文摘Functional linguistics has exerted an increasing impact on modern linguistic studies.Functional approaches,especially metafunctions have undergone a process of development and improvement.The affirmation of the metafunctions of language has aroused more and more scholars'concern on the"functional"facet of language,especially in Translation studies.The formation and improvement of functional approaches are introduced separately.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31271297 and 31222042) "One-hundred talents" Startup Funds from Chinese Academy of SciencesNational Key Basic Research Program(No. 2009CB 118402)
文摘Increasing yield is one of the most important goals in crop breeding. Soybean （Glycine max L. Merr.）, one of the most economically important leguminous seed crops, provides the majority of plant proteins, and more than a quarter of the world＇s food and animal feed （Graham and Vance, 2003）. The yield of soybean is finally determined by the number of seeds per unit area, which affected by many characters, such as height, branching number, photosynthesis, seed size, seed number. The number of seeds per pod is taken for one of the critical components that related to yield （You et al., 1995）.
文摘Annual arrhythmic sudden cardiac death ranges from 0.6%to 4%in ischemic cardiomyopathy(ICM),1%to 2%in non-ischemic cardiomyopathy(NICM),and 1%in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM).Towards a more effective arrhythmic risk stratification(ARS)we hereby present a two-step ARS with the usage of seven non-invasive risk factors:Late potentials presence(≥2/3 positive criteria),premature ventricular contractions(≥30/h),non-sustained ventricular tachycardia(≥1episode/24 h),abnormal heart rate turbulence(onset≥0%and slope≤2.5 ms)and reduced deceleration capacity(≤4.5 ms),abnormal T wave alternans(≥65μV),decreased heart rate variability(SDNN<70ms),and prolonged QT_(c)interval(>440 ms in males and>450 ms in females)which reflect the arrhythmogenic mechanisms for the selection of the intermediate arrhythmic risk patients in the first step.In the second step,these intermediate-risk patients undergo a programmed ventricular stimulation(PVS)for the detection of inducible,truly high-risk ICM and NICM patients,who will benefit from an implantable cardioverter defibrillator.For HCM patients,we also suggest the incorporation of the PVS either for the low HCM Risk-score patients or for the patients with one traditional risk factor in order to improve the inadequate sensitivity of the former and the low specificity of the latter.
基金the Important Directional Project of Knowledge Innovation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No: KZCX2-308-4).
文摘Global change research and sustainable development need to be addressed at larger scales in the light of small scale process studies. Much remains to be done before the small scale, process level understanding of ecosystem responses to global change can be reliably translated to larger scales. The paper reviews the status of scaling issues and tries to find how to extrapolate our observations and our findings at site scale up to regional scale and provide ecological information and interpretations at the regional scale. An integrated approach to scaling-up from site to region is proposed combining hierarchical theory, landscape ecology, remote sensing, geographical information system (GIS) with process/mechanistic modeling. Remote sensing and GIS will play key roles in spatial analysis, integration as well as cross scale modeling.
文摘The study of green compression strength of a green sand mould using statistical approach has been undertaken. Empirically generated data in National Metallurgical Development Centre, Jos Sand Testing Laboratory were used for the study. Coefficient of correlation, coefficients of determination and coefficient of multiple determinations were used to explain the relationship existing between the two independent variables of clay and moisture content and green compression strength, the dependent variable. The study showed that the coefficient of determination for Ys: X1 was 0.88 while the coefficient of correlation was 0.94, coefficient of determination for Ys: X2 was 0.90 while the coefficient of correlation was 0.95 and the coefficient of multiple determination was 0.72;these coefficients assisted tremendously in the study of green compression strength. A mathematical model was developed for the prediction of green compression strength;it was tested and proved to be a good estimation tool for estimating green compression strength values on the foundry shop floor. The study has clearly shown that statistical approach is a good tool for studying green compression strength of green sand moulds.
基金The Ministry of Education,Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia,No.TP 36008(451–02-68/2020/14/2000169).
文摘This research provides an exploration of a biomimetic approach in the process of designing a candelabra model using linear shaped leaves of a Bell flower.The design process described in this research contains two steps:biological and geometrical.In the first biological step,a proper model for the creation of an urban element was found from nature in a Bell flower(Campanula persicifolia L.).The upper leaves of the selected plant,which are small with a linear spear and sharpening at the top,were chosen for the modeling process.The second step included applying two geometrical methods,i.e.,Voronoi diagrams and Delaunay triangulation.A geometrical leaf form of the selected plant species and the modeling process were obtained using aparametric modeling software,Blender.Using different Blender plug-ins and modifiers,Delaunay triangulation and Voronoi diagram were implemented by marking the starting points on the leaf form in the image data source,adjusting the Delaunay triangulation parameters,and creating Voronoi diagrams in which the Voronoi points were located at the shortest distance from the edges of the Voronoi polygon.Consequently,a three dimensional model of a candelabra was developed through this study.
文摘The average variational principle was employed in this paper to study the evolution of large-scale and slowly varying Rossby wave packet with basic flow both in barotropic and baroclinic atmospheres. The evolution of the structure of Rossby wave packet with both time and space was studied. The results obtained in this paper are similar to the results of by WKBJ method. In addition, the dispersive process of the wave packet was analysed by taking Gaussian type wave packet as an initial disturbance. The valid time scale for application of wave packet theory in the atmosphere was obtained.
文摘Based on a case study of TESOL approaches applied in several Australian institutions,this paper gives critical analysis of the approaches by comparing them with the one encountered in the situation in which the author has been working.A further implication of those approaches is also examined.
文摘Objective To design a paramedian supracerebelalr infratentorial keyhole approach by applying the keyhole conception and explore its feasibility. The keyhole approach is imitated and microanatomical structures are observed,which could be reference of this approach in clinical use. Methods The paramedian
