BACKGROUND Mixed connective tissue disease(MCTD)is a rare autoimmune disorder charac-terized by overlapping features of systemic lupus erythematosus,systemic sc-lerosis,and polymyositis,and presence of anti-U1 ribonuc...BACKGROUND Mixed connective tissue disease(MCTD)is a rare autoimmune disorder charac-terized by overlapping features of systemic lupus erythematosus,systemic sc-lerosis,and polymyositis,and presence of anti-U1 ribonucleoprotein antibodies.Coexistence with tuberculosis(TB),a common infectious disease in endemic areas,poses a significant diagnostic challenge due to overlapping clinical and radio-logical features.CASE SUMMARY We report a 35-year-old Pakistani female presenting with oral ulcers,body rash,worsening dyspnea,and a history of joint pains initially treated as rheumatoid arthritis.She was on antituberculous therapy(ATT)for presumed pulmonary TB.Laboratory findings revealed anemia,leukopenia,raised erythrocyte sedimen-tation rate,positive anti-Sm/RNP,anti-dsDNA,and anti-SSA/Ro antibodies,confirming MCTD with clinical features of systemic lupus erythematosus,Sjogren syndrome,and systemic sclerosis.The patient was also positive for hepatitis C and active TB.Treatment involved corticosteroids alongside continuation of ATT,resulting in significant clinical improvement over 12 days,with resolution of symptoms and improved laboratory parameters.The patient remained stable on follow-up with hydroxychloroquine and prednisolone.CONCLUSION This case highlights the diagnostic complexity when autoimmune diseases coexist with TB,particularly in TB-endemic regions.Early recognition and integrated management of both conditions are crucial to improving outcomes.Clinicians should maintain a broad differential diagnosis and perform compre-hensive immunological workup in patients with overlapping symptoms.展开更多
Topological band theory has been studied for free fermions for decades,and one of the most profound physical results is the bulk-boundary correspondence.Recently a focus in topological physics is extending topological...Topological band theory has been studied for free fermions for decades,and one of the most profound physical results is the bulk-boundary correspondence.Recently a focus in topological physics is extending topological classification to mixed states.Here,we focus on Gaussian mixed states for which the modular Hamiltonians of the density matrix are quadratic free fermion models with U(1)symmetry and can be classified by topological invariants.The bulk-boundary correspondence is then manifested as stable gapless modes of the modular Hamiltonian and degenerate spectrum of the density matrix.In this article,we show that these gapless modes can be detected by the full counting statistics,mathematically described by a function introduced as F(θ).A divergent derivative atθ=πcan be used to probe the gapless modes in the modular Hamiltonian.Based on this,a topological indicator,whose quantization to unity senses topologically nontrivial mixed states,is introduced.We present the physical intuition of these results and also demonstrate these results with concrete models in both one-and two-dimensions.Our results pave the way for revealing the physical significance of topology in mixed states.展开更多
BACKGROUND Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein(MLKL)serves as a critical mediator in necroptosis,a form of regulated cell death linked to various liver diseases.This study aims to specifically investigate the rol...BACKGROUND Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein(MLKL)serves as a critical mediator in necroptosis,a form of regulated cell death linked to various liver diseases.This study aims to specifically investigate the role of MLKL’s adenosine triphosphate(ATP)-binding pocket in facilitating necroptosis-independent pathways that may contribute to liver disease progression.By focusing on this mechanism,we seek to identify potential therapeutic targets that can modulate MLKL activity,offering new strategies for the prevention and treatment of liver-related pathologies.AIM To investigate the possibility of using the ATP-binding pocket-associated,necro-ptosis-independent MLKL pathway as a target for liver diseases.METHODS Cell death following necroptosis stimuli was evaluated using cell proliferation assays,flow cytometry,and electron microscopy in various cells.The human liver organoid system was used to evaluate whether the MLKL ATP pocket-binding inhibitor could attenuate inflammation.Additionally,alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases animal models were used to determine whether MLKL ATP pocket inhibitors could attenuate liver injury.RESULTS While an MLKL ATP pocket-binding inhibitor did not prevent necroptosis-induced cell death in RAW 264.7 cells,it did reduce the necroptosis-led expression of CXCL2,ICAM,and VCAM.Notably,MLKL ATP pocket inhibitor diminishes the expression of CXCL2,ICAM,and VCAM by inhibiting the IκB kinase and nuclear factor kappa-B pathways without inducing necroptosis-induced cell death in two-dimensional cell culture as well as the human-derived liver organoid system.Although MLKL ATP-binding inhibitor was ineffective in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease animal models,MLKL ATP-binding inhibitor attenuated hepatic inflammation in the alcoholic liver disease model.CONCLUSION MLKL ATP pocket-binding inhibitor exerted anti-inflammatory effects through the necroptosis-independent MLKL pathway in an animal model of alcoholic liver disease.展开更多
Brazil’s deforestation monitoring integrates accuracy and current monitoring for land use and land cover applications.Regular monitoring of deforestation and non-deforestation requires Sentinel-2 multispectral satell...Brazil’s deforestation monitoring integrates accuracy and current monitoring for land use and land cover applications.Regular monitoring of deforestation and non-deforestation requires Sentinel-2 multispectral satellite images of several bands at various frequencies,the mix of high-and low-resolution images that make object classification difficult because of the mixed pixel problem.Accuracy is impacted by the mixed pixel problem,which occurs when pixels belong to different classes and makes detection challenging.To identify mixed pixels,Band Math is used to merge numerous bands to generate a new band NDVI.Thresholding is used to analyze the edges of deforested and non-deforested areas.Segmentation is then used to analyze the pixels which helps to identify the number of mixed pixels to compute the deforested and non-deforested areas.Segmented image pixels are used to categorize the deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon Forest between 2019 and 2023.Verify how many pixels are mixed to improve accuracy and identify mixed pixel issues;compare the mixed and pure pixels of fuzzy clustering with the subtracted morphological image pixels.With the help of segmentation and clustering researchers effectively validate mixed pixels in a specific area.The proposed methodology is easy to analyze and helpful for an appropriate calculation of deforested and non-deforested areas.展开更多
BACKGROUND A total of 100 patients diagnosed with mixed hemorrhoids from October 2022 to September 2023 in our hospital were randomly divided into groups by dice rolling and compared with the efficacy of different tre...BACKGROUND A total of 100 patients diagnosed with mixed hemorrhoids from October 2022 to September 2023 in our hospital were randomly divided into groups by dice rolling and compared with the efficacy of different treatment options.AIM To analyze the clinical effect and prognosis of mixed hemorrhoids treated with polidocanol injection combined with automatic elastic thread ligation operation(RPH).METHODS A total of 100 patients with mixed hemorrhoids who visited our hospital from October 2022 to September 2023 were selected and randomly divided into the control group(n=50)and the treatment group(n=50)by rolling the dice.The procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids(PPH)was adopted in the control group,while polidocanol foam injection+RPH was adopted in the treatment group.The therapeutic effects,operation time,wound healing time,hospital stay,pain situation(24 hours post-operative pain score,first defecation pain score),quality of life(QOL),incidence of complications(post-operative hemorrhage,edema,infection),incidence of anal stenosis 3 months post-operatively and recurrence rate 1 year post-operatively of the two groups were compared.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the total effective rate of treatment group was higher,and the difference was significant(P<0.05).The operation time/wound healing time/hospital stay in the treatment group were shorter than those in the control group(P<0.05).The pain scores at 24 hours after operation/first defecation pain score of the treatment group was significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).After surgery,the QOL scores of the two groups decreased,with the treatment group having higher scores than that of the control group(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the incidence of postoperative complications in the treatment group was lower,and the difference was significant(P<0.05);However,there was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative bleeding between the two groups(P>0.05);There was no significant difference in the incidence of anal stenosis 3 months after operation and the recurrence rate 1 year after operation between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION For patients with mixed hemorrhoids,the therapeutic effect achieved by using polidocanol injection combined with RPH was better.The wounds of the patients healed faster,the postoperative pain was milder,QOL improved,and the incidence of complications was lower,and the short-term and long-term prognosis was good.展开更多
Mixed matrix membranes(MMMs)have demonstrated significant promise in energy-intensive gas separations by amalgamating the unique properties of fillers with the facile processability of polymers.However,achieving a sim...Mixed matrix membranes(MMMs)have demonstrated significant promise in energy-intensive gas separations by amalgamating the unique properties of fillers with the facile processability of polymers.However,achieving a simultaneous enhancement of permeability and selectivity remains a formidable challenge,due to the difficulty of achieving an optimal match between polymers and fillers.In this study,we incorporate a porous carbon-based zinc oxide composite(C@ZnO)into high-permeability polymers of intrinsic microporosity(PIMs)to fabricate MMMs.The dipole–dipole interaction between C@ZnO and PIMs ensures their exceptional compatibility,mitigating the formation of non-selective voids in the resulting MMMs.Concurrently,C@ZnO with abundant interconnected pores can provide additional low-resistance pathways for gas transport in MMMs.As a result,the CO_(2) permeability of the optimized C@ZnO/PIM-1 MMMs is elevated to 13,215 barrer,while the CO_(2)/N_(2) and CO_(2)/CH_(4) selectivity reached 21.5 and 14.4,respectively,substantially surpassing the 2008 Robeson upper bound.Additionally,molecular simulation results further corroborate that the augmented membrane gas selectivity is attributed to the superior CO_(2) affinity of C@ZnO.In summary,we believe that this work not only expands the application of MMMs for gas separation but also heralds a paradigm shift in the application of porous carbon materials.展开更多
Sodium cocoyl glycinate(SCG),an environmentally friendly anionic amino acid surfactant,is widely used in daily chemical products as an upgraded alternative to traditional surfactants.In this study,crude Camellia oleif...Sodium cocoyl glycinate(SCG),an environmentally friendly anionic amino acid surfactant,is widely used in daily chemical products as an upgraded alternative to traditional surfactants.In this study,crude Camellia oleifera saponin(COS)was purified using AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin,and its composition and structure were analyzed.The effects of different mole fractions of COS(αCOS)on surface tension(γ),oil-water interfacial tension(IFT),emulsification,and foam properties of COS-SCG binary mixed systems were investigated in mixtures of SCG with purified COS.The stability ofγand foamability under diverse environmental conditions were also discussed.The results indicated that the COS-SCG system exhibited remarkable surface-active synergism.The minimum critical micelle concentration(cmc)of the mixed system was lower than that of SCG,and adding a small mole fraction of COS(1%-2%)induced a synergistic reduction ofγ.Specifically,the cmc andγwere 2.50×10-4 mol/L and 23.1 mN/m forαCOS=1%,respectively.The system exhibited exceptional IFT reduction capacity,achieving a minimum value of 1.42 mN/m atαCOS=10%.The mixed system reached a foaming volume(atαCOS=50%)and foam stability(atαCOS=75%)were 51.0 mL and 97.37%,respectively.Microscopic analysis further confirmed these outstanding foam properties.Moreover,the COS-SCG system displayed reducedγwith enhanced foaming volume under elevated temperatures(35-75℃)and salinity(0-20 g/L).However,acidic conditions and hard water compromised bothγstability and foamability.展开更多
Tin-lead(Sn-Pb)mixed perovskites are extensively investigated in near-infrared(NIR)photodetectors(PDs)owing to their excellent photoelectric performance.However,achieving high-performance Sn-Pb mixed PDs remains chall...Tin-lead(Sn-Pb)mixed perovskites are extensively investigated in near-infrared(NIR)photodetectors(PDs)owing to their excellent photoelectric performance.However,achieving high-performance Sn-Pb mixed PDs remains challenging,primarily because of the rapid crystallization and the susceptibility of Sn^(2+) to oxidation.To ad⁃dress these issues,this study introduces the multifunctional molecules 2,3-difluorobenzenamine(DBM)to modulate the crystallization of Sn-Pb mixed perovskites and retard the oxidation of Sn^(2+),thereby significantly enhancing film quality.Compared with the pristine film,Sn-Pb mixed perovskite films modulated by DBM molecules exhibit a high⁃ly homogeneous morphology,reduced roughness and defect density.The self-powered NIR PDs fabricated with the improved films have a spectral response range from 300 nm to 1100 nm,a peak responsivity of 0.51 A·W^(-1),a spe⁃cific detectivity as high as 2.46×10^(11)Jones within the NIR region(780 nm to 1100 nm),a linear dynamic range ex⁃ceeding 152 dB,and ultrafast rise/fall time of 123/464 ns.Thanks to the outstanding performance of PDs,the fabri⁃cated 5×5 PDs array demonstrates superior imaging ability in the NIR region up to 980 nm.This work advances the development of Sn-Pb mixed perovskites for NIR detection and paves the way for their commercialization.展开更多
An aluminoborate,Na_(2.5)Rb[Al{B_(5)O_(10)}{B_(3)O_(5)}]·0.5NO_(3)·H_(2)O(1),was synthesized under hydrothermal condition,which was built by mixed oxoboron clusters and AlO_(4)tetrahedra.In the structure,the...An aluminoborate,Na_(2.5)Rb[Al{B_(5)O_(10)}{B_(3)O_(5)}]·0.5NO_(3)·H_(2)O(1),was synthesized under hydrothermal condition,which was built by mixed oxoboron clusters and AlO_(4)tetrahedra.In the structure,the[B_(5)O_(10)]^(5-)and[B_(3)O_(7)]^(5-)clusters are alternately connected to form 1D[B_(8)O_(15)]_(n)^(6n-)chains,which are further linked by AlO_(4)units to form a 2D monolayer with 7‑membered ring and 10‑membered ring windows.Two adjacent monolayers with opposite orientations further form a porous‑layered structure with six channels through B—O—Al bonds.Compound 1 was characterized by single crystal X‑ray diffraction,powder X‑ray diffraction(PXRD),IR spectroscopy,UV‑Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy,and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),respectively.UV‑Vis diffuse reflectance analysis indicates that compound 1 shows a wide transparency range with a short cutoff edge of 201 nm,suggesting it may have potential application in UV regions.CCDC:2383923.展开更多
Despite public and private investments in the senior housing sector,an alternative to retirement homes is not yet truly present in Italy,except for a few rare cases.The spots in residential facilities for the elderly ...Despite public and private investments in the senior housing sector,an alternative to retirement homes is not yet truly present in Italy,except for a few rare cases.The spots in residential facilities for the elderly are limited and not enough to fill a demand for spaces that is continuously increasing.Another underlying problem is that the type of user that senior housing is aimed at is not currently considered by the Italian market;the impact of factors that can decrease the quality of life in elderly people,such as loneliness,lack of physical activity or loss of routine is underestimated.This set of negative factors promotes the opposite of what is considered active aging.In recent years senior houses,intended as a residential typology for self-sufficient elderly people,have undergone a significant evolution,reflecting social,demographic and technological changes;this reflects a paradigm shift in the way society approaches care to the elderly,focusing increasingly on autonomy,personalization and well-being.From 2010 to 2024,there has been greater attention towards customization of programs and spaces dedicated to the elderly,with the aim of offering services that meet everyone’s specific needs.Senior houses are becoming more oriented towards a wellbeing-based approach and are starting to focus on social inclusion as well,promoting recreational and cultural activities to improve the quality of life of elderly vips.A strategy used for social inclusion is to dedicate part of the project to functions open to the public(kindergartens,community centers,spaces for associations,etc.)so that the project fits into the urban level of the city by interacting with it.The proposal is to integrate cultural spaces with senior housing in a way that the elderly residents can become the keepers and narrators of local heritage,creating intergenerational communities.展开更多
Images obtained from hyperspectral sensors provide information about the target area that extends beyond the visible portions of the electromagnetic spectrum.However,due to sensor limitations and imperfections during ...Images obtained from hyperspectral sensors provide information about the target area that extends beyond the visible portions of the electromagnetic spectrum.However,due to sensor limitations and imperfections during the image acquisition and transmission phases,noise is introduced into the acquired image,which can have a negative impact on downstream analyses such as classification,target tracking,and spectral unmixing.Noise in hyperspectral images(HSI)is modelled as a combination from several sources,including Gaussian/impulse noise,stripes,and deadlines.An HSI restoration method for such a mixed noise model is proposed.First,a joint optimisation framework is proposed for recovering hyperspectral data corrupted by mixed Gaussian-impulse noise by estimating both the clean data as well as the sparse/impulse noise levels.Second,a hyper-Laplacian prior is used along both the spatial and spectral dimensions to express sparsity in clean image gradients.Third,to model the sparse nature of impulse noise,anℓ_(1)−norm over the impulse noise gradient is used.Because the proposed methodology employs two distinct priors,the authors refer to it as the hyperspectral dual prior(HySpDualP)denoiser.To the best of authors'knowledge,this joint optimisation framework is the first attempt in this direction.To handle the non-smooth and nonconvex nature of the generalℓ_(p)−norm-based regularisation term,a generalised shrinkage/thresholding(GST)solver is employed.Finally,an efficient split-Bregman approach is used to solve the resulting optimisation problem.Experimental results on synthetic data and real HSI datacube obtained from hyperspectral sensors demonstrate that the authors’proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art methods,both visually and in terms of various image quality assessment metrics.展开更多
The Andean montane forests provide a wide range of ecosystem services like water supply, carbon sequestration, and biodiversity preservation. Restoration of these forests is critical due to their degraded state and th...The Andean montane forests provide a wide range of ecosystem services like water supply, carbon sequestration, and biodiversity preservation. Restoration of these forests is critical due to their degraded state and the need to recover, maintain and enhance the ecosystem services they provide. However, we lack understanding of aboveground biomass (AGB) accumulation in restored Andean montane forests. AGB is a key indicator of ecosystem productivity and provides essential data on vegetation carbon stocks, permitting the assess successfulness of restoration efforts. In 2010 the initiative Más Bosques para Medellín was formulated in Medellín City, tropical Andes, Colombia, aiming to restore the forests located in the surrounding rural areas of the city, with interest in preserving the ecosystems services like water supply. The project established 548 ha of mixed plantations with native species. After 13 years, our study aims to developed in situ allometric equations and to evaluate AGB accumulation to assess restoration performance. We measured, harvested, and weighted 144 individuals from these arrangements to fit a general equation for the project and six specific equations for each one of the six most frequent species. The AGB had a positive correlation with diameter at breast height (D), total height (H) and specific wood density (WD). The best general equation uses D and WD as predictors (R^(2) = 0.928). The specific species equations certainly responded to the functional traits of each species. Using the latest inventory of permanent plots of the project we estimated a mean AGB accumulation of 41.91 ± 30.34 Mg ha^(–1) and a total accumulation of 22,996.05 Mg of AGB for the 548 ha. We compared these results with studies developed for natural forest in the region and other land covers. We found contrast behaviors in the AGB accumulation across our study zones. The developed equations have broad applicability across the Andes region, offering valuable insights for similar restoration initiatives. Furthermore, will facilitate the assessment of current restoration efforts and inform scientifically based decisions for future mixed plantation practices.展开更多
In this study,we used an extensive sampling network established in central Romania to develop tree height and crown length models.Our analysis included more than 18,000 tree measurements from five different species.In...In this study,we used an extensive sampling network established in central Romania to develop tree height and crown length models.Our analysis included more than 18,000 tree measurements from five different species.Instead of building univariate models for each response variable,we employed a multivariate approach using seemingly unrelated mixed-effects models.These models incorporated variables related to species mixture,tree and stand size,competition,and stand structure.With the inclusion of additional variables in the multivariate seemingly unrelated mixed-effects models,the accuracy of the height prediction models improved by over 10% for all species,whereas the improvement in the crown length models was considerably smaller.Our findings indicate that trees in mixed stands tend to have shorter heights but longer crowns than those in pure stands.We also observed that trees in homogeneous stand structures have shorter crown lengths than those in heterogeneous stands.By employing a multivariate mixed-effects modelling framework,we were able to perform cross-model random-effect predictions,leading to a significant increase in accuracy when both responses were used to calibrate the model.In contrast,the improvement in accuracy was marginal when only height was used for calibration.We demonstrate how multivariate mixed-effects models can be effectively used to develop multi-response allometric models that can be easily calibrated with a limited number of observations while simultaneously achieving better-aligned projections.展开更多
This study investigates laminar convection in three regimes(forced convection,mixed convection,and natural convection)of a bi-nanofluid(Cu-Al_(2)O_(3)-water)/mono-nanofluid(Al_(2)O_(3)-water)inside a square enclosure ...This study investigates laminar convection in three regimes(forced convection,mixed convection,and natural convection)of a bi-nanofluid(Cu-Al_(2)O_(3)-water)/mono-nanofluid(Al_(2)O_(3)-water)inside a square enclosure of sliding vertical walls which are kept at cold temperature and moving up,down,or in opposite directions.The enclosure bottom is heated partially by a central heat source of various sizes while the horizontal walls are considered adiabatic.The thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity are dependent on temperature and nanoparticle size.The conservation equations are implemented in the solver ANSYS R2(2020).The numerical predictions are successfully validated by comparison with data from the literature.Numerical simulations are carried out for various volume fractions of solid mono/hybrid-nanoparticles(0≤ϕ≤5%),Richardson numbers(0.001≤Ri≤10),and hot source lengths((1/5)H≤ε≤(4/5)H).Isothermal lines,streamlines,and average Nusselt numbers are analyzed.The thermal performance of nanofluids is compared to that of the base heat transfer fluid(water).Outcomes illustrate the flow characteristics significantly affected by the convection regime,hot source size,sidewall motion,and concentration of solid nanoparticles.In the case of sidewalls moving downward,using hybrid nanofluid(Cu-Al_(2)O_(3)-water)shows the highest heat transfer rate in the enclosure at Ri=1,ε=(4/5)H and volume fraction ofφ=5%where a significant increment(25.14%)of Nusselt number is obtained.展开更多
A comprehensive numerical investigation into mixed⁃mode delamination is presented in this study.It aims to assess the impact of thermal and friction effects through mixed⁃mode flexure crack propagation testing.Finite ...A comprehensive numerical investigation into mixed⁃mode delamination is presented in this study.It aims to assess the impact of thermal and friction effects through mixed⁃mode flexure crack propagation testing.Finite element analysis was employed to model the delamination process,incorporating a contact cohesive zone model.This model couples the traction⁃separation law,the contact law,and the Coulomb friction law simultaneously.The thermomechanical analysis in this study is performed using a sequentially coupled approach,implemented with the finite element software ABAQUS.The findings underscore the importance of this study.展开更多
The rate of fire spread is a key indicator for assessing forest fire risk and developing fire management plans.The Rothermel model is the most widely used fire spread model,established through laboratory experiments o...The rate of fire spread is a key indicator for assessing forest fire risk and developing fire management plans.The Rothermel model is the most widely used fire spread model,established through laboratory experiments on homogeneous fuels but has not been validated for conifer-deciduous mixed fuel.In this study,Pinus koraiensis and Quercus mongolica litter was used in a laboratory burning experiment to simulate surface fire spread in the field.The effects of fuel moisture content,mixed fuel ratio and slope on spread rate were analyzed.The optimum packing ratio,moisture-damping coefficient and slope parameters in the Rothermel model were modified using the measured spread rate which was positively correlated with slope and negatively with fuel moisture content.As the Q.mongolica load increased,the spread rate increased and was highest at a fuel ratio of 4:6.The model with modified optimal packing ratio and slope parameters has a significantly lower spread rate prediction error than the unmodified model.The spread rate prediction accuracy was significantly improved after modifying the model parameters based on spread rates from laboratory burning simulations.展开更多
Understanding mixed infections in the female lower genital tract is a critical challenge in modern infection research.The interplay of multiple pathogens complicates disease progression,often resulting in treatment fa...Understanding mixed infections in the female lower genital tract is a critical challenge in modern infection research.The interplay of multiple pathogens complicates disease progression,often resulting in treatment failure,recurrent infections,and significant public health and economic burdens.These infections are further exacerbated by disrupted host immune responses,which hinder the recovery of the vaginal microecosystem.Additionally,microbial biofilms—a fundamental mode of pathogen coexistence—contribute to the persistence and drug resistance of these infections,complicating management strategies.This review examines the pathogenesis,diagnosis,and treatment of mixed infections in the female lower genital tract while exploring potential avenues for future research.These findings emphasize the need for greater focus on these infections and offer insights to enhance further research in this area.展开更多
Nano-scale CuF_(2) with superior electrochemical activity was successfully prepared by a mixed solvent co-precipitation method.The SEM and TEM analyses demonstrated that the methanol concentration had a pronounced eff...Nano-scale CuF_(2) with superior electrochemical activity was successfully prepared by a mixed solvent co-precipitation method.The SEM and TEM analyses demonstrated that the methanol concentration had a pronounced effect on both the particle size and the extent of agglomeration.With the increase in methanol content,the particle size and agglomeration of CuF_(2) decreased first and then increased.When the volume ratio of methanol to deionized water was 1:1,the CuF_(2) particles exhibited the smallest size and the lowest degree of agglomeration.CuF_(2) synthesized with 50%methanol exhibited superior electrochemical performances with a voltage plateau above 3 V and a 1st discharge capacity of 525.8 mAh·g^(-1) at 0.01 C due to the synergistic influence of the particle size and dispersion.The analysis results using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)and constant current intermittent titration technique(GITT)affirmed the addition of methanol was beneficial for promoting Li+diffusion and accelerating electrochemical reaction kinetics of CuF_(2).展开更多
DNA microarray technology is an extremely effective technique for studying gene expression patterns in cells, and the main challenge currently faced by this technology is how to analyze the large amount of gene expres...DNA microarray technology is an extremely effective technique for studying gene expression patterns in cells, and the main challenge currently faced by this technology is how to analyze the large amount of gene expression data generated. To address this, this paper employs a mixed-effects model to analyze gene expression data. In terms of data selection, 1176 genes from the white mouse gene expression dataset under two experimental conditions were chosen, setting up two conditions: pneumococcal infection and no infection, and constructing a mixed-effects model. After preprocessing the gene chip information, the data were imported into the model, preliminary results were calculated, and permutation tests were performed to biologically validate the preliminary results using GSEA. The final dataset consists of 20 groups of gene expression data from pneumococcal infection, which categorizes functionally related genes based on the similarity of their expression profiles, facilitating the study of genes with unknown functions.展开更多
The widespread adoption of tunnel boring machines(TBMs)has led to an increased focus on disc cutter wear,including both normal and abnormal types,for efficient and safe TBM excavation.However,abnormal wear has yet to ...The widespread adoption of tunnel boring machines(TBMs)has led to an increased focus on disc cutter wear,including both normal and abnormal types,for efficient and safe TBM excavation.However,abnormal wear has yet to be thoroughly investigated,primarily due to the complexity of considering mixed ground conditions and the imbalance in the number of instances between the two types of wear.This study developed a prediction model for abnormal TBM disc cutter wear,considering mixed ground conditions,by employing interpretable machine learning with data augmentation.An equivalent elastic modulus was used to consider the characteristics of mixed ground conditions,and wear data was obtained from 65 cutterhead intervention(CHI)reports covering both mixed ground and hard rock sections.With a balanced training dataset obtained by data augmentation,an extreme gradient boosting(XGB)model delivered acceptable results with an accuracy of 0.94,an F1-score of 0.808,and a recall of 0.8.In addition,the accuracy for each individual disc cutter exhibited low variability.When employing data augmentation,a significant improvement in recall was observed compared to when it was not used,although the difference in accuracy and F1-score was marginal.The subsequent model interpretation revealed the chamber pressure,cutter installation radius,and torque as significant contributors.Specifically,a threshold in chamber pressure was observed,which could induce abnormal wear.The study also explored how elevated values of these influential contributors correlate with abnormal wear.The proposed model offers a valuable tool for planning the replacement of abnormally worn disc cutters,enhancing the safety and efficiency of TBM operations.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Mixed connective tissue disease(MCTD)is a rare autoimmune disorder charac-terized by overlapping features of systemic lupus erythematosus,systemic sc-lerosis,and polymyositis,and presence of anti-U1 ribonucleoprotein antibodies.Coexistence with tuberculosis(TB),a common infectious disease in endemic areas,poses a significant diagnostic challenge due to overlapping clinical and radio-logical features.CASE SUMMARY We report a 35-year-old Pakistani female presenting with oral ulcers,body rash,worsening dyspnea,and a history of joint pains initially treated as rheumatoid arthritis.She was on antituberculous therapy(ATT)for presumed pulmonary TB.Laboratory findings revealed anemia,leukopenia,raised erythrocyte sedimen-tation rate,positive anti-Sm/RNP,anti-dsDNA,and anti-SSA/Ro antibodies,confirming MCTD with clinical features of systemic lupus erythematosus,Sjogren syndrome,and systemic sclerosis.The patient was also positive for hepatitis C and active TB.Treatment involved corticosteroids alongside continuation of ATT,resulting in significant clinical improvement over 12 days,with resolution of symptoms and improved laboratory parameters.The patient remained stable on follow-up with hydroxychloroquine and prednisolone.CONCLUSION This case highlights the diagnostic complexity when autoimmune diseases coexist with TB,particularly in TB-endemic regions.Early recognition and integrated management of both conditions are crucial to improving outcomes.Clinicians should maintain a broad differential diagnosis and perform compre-hensive immunological workup in patients with overlapping symptoms.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFA1406702)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology 2021ZD0302005+1 种基金the XPLORER Prizepartly supported by the Start-up Research Fund of Southeast University(RF1028624190)。
文摘Topological band theory has been studied for free fermions for decades,and one of the most profound physical results is the bulk-boundary correspondence.Recently a focus in topological physics is extending topological classification to mixed states.Here,we focus on Gaussian mixed states for which the modular Hamiltonians of the density matrix are quadratic free fermion models with U(1)symmetry and can be classified by topological invariants.The bulk-boundary correspondence is then manifested as stable gapless modes of the modular Hamiltonian and degenerate spectrum of the density matrix.In this article,we show that these gapless modes can be detected by the full counting statistics,mathematically described by a function introduced as F(θ).A divergent derivative atθ=πcan be used to probe the gapless modes in the modular Hamiltonian.Based on this,a topological indicator,whose quantization to unity senses topologically nontrivial mixed states,is introduced.We present the physical intuition of these results and also demonstrate these results with concrete models in both one-and two-dimensions.Our results pave the way for revealing the physical significance of topology in mixed states.
基金Supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant Funded by the Korea Government,No.RS-2024-00440477the Korea Institute of Science and Technology Institutional Program,No.2E33111-24-042.
文摘BACKGROUND Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein(MLKL)serves as a critical mediator in necroptosis,a form of regulated cell death linked to various liver diseases.This study aims to specifically investigate the role of MLKL’s adenosine triphosphate(ATP)-binding pocket in facilitating necroptosis-independent pathways that may contribute to liver disease progression.By focusing on this mechanism,we seek to identify potential therapeutic targets that can modulate MLKL activity,offering new strategies for the prevention and treatment of liver-related pathologies.AIM To investigate the possibility of using the ATP-binding pocket-associated,necro-ptosis-independent MLKL pathway as a target for liver diseases.METHODS Cell death following necroptosis stimuli was evaluated using cell proliferation assays,flow cytometry,and electron microscopy in various cells.The human liver organoid system was used to evaluate whether the MLKL ATP pocket-binding inhibitor could attenuate inflammation.Additionally,alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases animal models were used to determine whether MLKL ATP pocket inhibitors could attenuate liver injury.RESULTS While an MLKL ATP pocket-binding inhibitor did not prevent necroptosis-induced cell death in RAW 264.7 cells,it did reduce the necroptosis-led expression of CXCL2,ICAM,and VCAM.Notably,MLKL ATP pocket inhibitor diminishes the expression of CXCL2,ICAM,and VCAM by inhibiting the IκB kinase and nuclear factor kappa-B pathways without inducing necroptosis-induced cell death in two-dimensional cell culture as well as the human-derived liver organoid system.Although MLKL ATP-binding inhibitor was ineffective in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease animal models,MLKL ATP-binding inhibitor attenuated hepatic inflammation in the alcoholic liver disease model.CONCLUSION MLKL ATP pocket-binding inhibitor exerted anti-inflammatory effects through the necroptosis-independent MLKL pathway in an animal model of alcoholic liver disease.
文摘Brazil’s deforestation monitoring integrates accuracy and current monitoring for land use and land cover applications.Regular monitoring of deforestation and non-deforestation requires Sentinel-2 multispectral satellite images of several bands at various frequencies,the mix of high-and low-resolution images that make object classification difficult because of the mixed pixel problem.Accuracy is impacted by the mixed pixel problem,which occurs when pixels belong to different classes and makes detection challenging.To identify mixed pixels,Band Math is used to merge numerous bands to generate a new band NDVI.Thresholding is used to analyze the edges of deforested and non-deforested areas.Segmentation is then used to analyze the pixels which helps to identify the number of mixed pixels to compute the deforested and non-deforested areas.Segmented image pixels are used to categorize the deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon Forest between 2019 and 2023.Verify how many pixels are mixed to improve accuracy and identify mixed pixel issues;compare the mixed and pure pixels of fuzzy clustering with the subtracted morphological image pixels.With the help of segmentation and clustering researchers effectively validate mixed pixels in a specific area.The proposed methodology is easy to analyze and helpful for an appropriate calculation of deforested and non-deforested areas.
文摘BACKGROUND A total of 100 patients diagnosed with mixed hemorrhoids from October 2022 to September 2023 in our hospital were randomly divided into groups by dice rolling and compared with the efficacy of different treatment options.AIM To analyze the clinical effect and prognosis of mixed hemorrhoids treated with polidocanol injection combined with automatic elastic thread ligation operation(RPH).METHODS A total of 100 patients with mixed hemorrhoids who visited our hospital from October 2022 to September 2023 were selected and randomly divided into the control group(n=50)and the treatment group(n=50)by rolling the dice.The procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids(PPH)was adopted in the control group,while polidocanol foam injection+RPH was adopted in the treatment group.The therapeutic effects,operation time,wound healing time,hospital stay,pain situation(24 hours post-operative pain score,first defecation pain score),quality of life(QOL),incidence of complications(post-operative hemorrhage,edema,infection),incidence of anal stenosis 3 months post-operatively and recurrence rate 1 year post-operatively of the two groups were compared.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the total effective rate of treatment group was higher,and the difference was significant(P<0.05).The operation time/wound healing time/hospital stay in the treatment group were shorter than those in the control group(P<0.05).The pain scores at 24 hours after operation/first defecation pain score of the treatment group was significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).After surgery,the QOL scores of the two groups decreased,with the treatment group having higher scores than that of the control group(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the incidence of postoperative complications in the treatment group was lower,and the difference was significant(P<0.05);However,there was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative bleeding between the two groups(P>0.05);There was no significant difference in the incidence of anal stenosis 3 months after operation and the recurrence rate 1 year after operation between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION For patients with mixed hemorrhoids,the therapeutic effect achieved by using polidocanol injection combined with RPH was better.The wounds of the patients healed faster,the postoperative pain was milder,QOL improved,and the incidence of complications was lower,and the short-term and long-term prognosis was good.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22108258 and 52003251)Program for Science&Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province(24HASTIT004)+1 种基金Outstanding Youth Fund of Henan Scientific Committee(222300420085)Science and Technology Joint Project of Henan Province(222301420041)。
文摘Mixed matrix membranes(MMMs)have demonstrated significant promise in energy-intensive gas separations by amalgamating the unique properties of fillers with the facile processability of polymers.However,achieving a simultaneous enhancement of permeability and selectivity remains a formidable challenge,due to the difficulty of achieving an optimal match between polymers and fillers.In this study,we incorporate a porous carbon-based zinc oxide composite(C@ZnO)into high-permeability polymers of intrinsic microporosity(PIMs)to fabricate MMMs.The dipole–dipole interaction between C@ZnO and PIMs ensures their exceptional compatibility,mitigating the formation of non-selective voids in the resulting MMMs.Concurrently,C@ZnO with abundant interconnected pores can provide additional low-resistance pathways for gas transport in MMMs.As a result,the CO_(2) permeability of the optimized C@ZnO/PIM-1 MMMs is elevated to 13,215 barrer,while the CO_(2)/N_(2) and CO_(2)/CH_(4) selectivity reached 21.5 and 14.4,respectively,substantially surpassing the 2008 Robeson upper bound.Additionally,molecular simulation results further corroborate that the augmented membrane gas selectivity is attributed to the superior CO_(2) affinity of C@ZnO.In summary,we believe that this work not only expands the application of MMMs for gas separation but also heralds a paradigm shift in the application of porous carbon materials.
文摘Sodium cocoyl glycinate(SCG),an environmentally friendly anionic amino acid surfactant,is widely used in daily chemical products as an upgraded alternative to traditional surfactants.In this study,crude Camellia oleifera saponin(COS)was purified using AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin,and its composition and structure were analyzed.The effects of different mole fractions of COS(αCOS)on surface tension(γ),oil-water interfacial tension(IFT),emulsification,and foam properties of COS-SCG binary mixed systems were investigated in mixtures of SCG with purified COS.The stability ofγand foamability under diverse environmental conditions were also discussed.The results indicated that the COS-SCG system exhibited remarkable surface-active synergism.The minimum critical micelle concentration(cmc)of the mixed system was lower than that of SCG,and adding a small mole fraction of COS(1%-2%)induced a synergistic reduction ofγ.Specifically,the cmc andγwere 2.50×10-4 mol/L and 23.1 mN/m forαCOS=1%,respectively.The system exhibited exceptional IFT reduction capacity,achieving a minimum value of 1.42 mN/m atαCOS=10%.The mixed system reached a foaming volume(atαCOS=50%)and foam stability(atαCOS=75%)were 51.0 mL and 97.37%,respectively.Microscopic analysis further confirmed these outstanding foam properties.Moreover,the COS-SCG system displayed reducedγwith enhanced foaming volume under elevated temperatures(35-75℃)and salinity(0-20 g/L).However,acidic conditions and hard water compromised bothγstability and foamability.
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1404201)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62205187,U23A20380,U22A2091,62222509,62127817,62075120)+3 种基金Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University of Ministry of Education of China(IRT_17R70)Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(202103021223032,202303021222031)Project Funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M722006)Fund for Shanxi“1331 Project”Key Subjects Construction。
文摘Tin-lead(Sn-Pb)mixed perovskites are extensively investigated in near-infrared(NIR)photodetectors(PDs)owing to their excellent photoelectric performance.However,achieving high-performance Sn-Pb mixed PDs remains challenging,primarily because of the rapid crystallization and the susceptibility of Sn^(2+) to oxidation.To ad⁃dress these issues,this study introduces the multifunctional molecules 2,3-difluorobenzenamine(DBM)to modulate the crystallization of Sn-Pb mixed perovskites and retard the oxidation of Sn^(2+),thereby significantly enhancing film quality.Compared with the pristine film,Sn-Pb mixed perovskite films modulated by DBM molecules exhibit a high⁃ly homogeneous morphology,reduced roughness and defect density.The self-powered NIR PDs fabricated with the improved films have a spectral response range from 300 nm to 1100 nm,a peak responsivity of 0.51 A·W^(-1),a spe⁃cific detectivity as high as 2.46×10^(11)Jones within the NIR region(780 nm to 1100 nm),a linear dynamic range ex⁃ceeding 152 dB,and ultrafast rise/fall time of 123/464 ns.Thanks to the outstanding performance of PDs,the fabri⁃cated 5×5 PDs array demonstrates superior imaging ability in the NIR region up to 980 nm.This work advances the development of Sn-Pb mixed perovskites for NIR detection and paves the way for their commercialization.
文摘An aluminoborate,Na_(2.5)Rb[Al{B_(5)O_(10)}{B_(3)O_(5)}]·0.5NO_(3)·H_(2)O(1),was synthesized under hydrothermal condition,which was built by mixed oxoboron clusters and AlO_(4)tetrahedra.In the structure,the[B_(5)O_(10)]^(5-)and[B_(3)O_(7)]^(5-)clusters are alternately connected to form 1D[B_(8)O_(15)]_(n)^(6n-)chains,which are further linked by AlO_(4)units to form a 2D monolayer with 7‑membered ring and 10‑membered ring windows.Two adjacent monolayers with opposite orientations further form a porous‑layered structure with six channels through B—O—Al bonds.Compound 1 was characterized by single crystal X‑ray diffraction,powder X‑ray diffraction(PXRD),IR spectroscopy,UV‑Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy,and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),respectively.UV‑Vis diffuse reflectance analysis indicates that compound 1 shows a wide transparency range with a short cutoff edge of 201 nm,suggesting it may have potential application in UV regions.CCDC:2383923.
文摘Despite public and private investments in the senior housing sector,an alternative to retirement homes is not yet truly present in Italy,except for a few rare cases.The spots in residential facilities for the elderly are limited and not enough to fill a demand for spaces that is continuously increasing.Another underlying problem is that the type of user that senior housing is aimed at is not currently considered by the Italian market;the impact of factors that can decrease the quality of life in elderly people,such as loneliness,lack of physical activity or loss of routine is underestimated.This set of negative factors promotes the opposite of what is considered active aging.In recent years senior houses,intended as a residential typology for self-sufficient elderly people,have undergone a significant evolution,reflecting social,demographic and technological changes;this reflects a paradigm shift in the way society approaches care to the elderly,focusing increasingly on autonomy,personalization and well-being.From 2010 to 2024,there has been greater attention towards customization of programs and spaces dedicated to the elderly,with the aim of offering services that meet everyone’s specific needs.Senior houses are becoming more oriented towards a wellbeing-based approach and are starting to focus on social inclusion as well,promoting recreational and cultural activities to improve the quality of life of elderly vips.A strategy used for social inclusion is to dedicate part of the project to functions open to the public(kindergartens,community centers,spaces for associations,etc.)so that the project fits into the urban level of the city by interacting with it.The proposal is to integrate cultural spaces with senior housing in a way that the elderly residents can become the keepers and narrators of local heritage,creating intergenerational communities.
文摘Images obtained from hyperspectral sensors provide information about the target area that extends beyond the visible portions of the electromagnetic spectrum.However,due to sensor limitations and imperfections during the image acquisition and transmission phases,noise is introduced into the acquired image,which can have a negative impact on downstream analyses such as classification,target tracking,and spectral unmixing.Noise in hyperspectral images(HSI)is modelled as a combination from several sources,including Gaussian/impulse noise,stripes,and deadlines.An HSI restoration method for such a mixed noise model is proposed.First,a joint optimisation framework is proposed for recovering hyperspectral data corrupted by mixed Gaussian-impulse noise by estimating both the clean data as well as the sparse/impulse noise levels.Second,a hyper-Laplacian prior is used along both the spatial and spectral dimensions to express sparsity in clean image gradients.Third,to model the sparse nature of impulse noise,anℓ_(1)−norm over the impulse noise gradient is used.Because the proposed methodology employs two distinct priors,the authors refer to it as the hyperspectral dual prior(HySpDualP)denoiser.To the best of authors'knowledge,this joint optimisation framework is the first attempt in this direction.To handle the non-smooth and nonconvex nature of the generalℓ_(p)−norm-based regularisation term,a generalised shrinkage/thresholding(GST)solver is employed.Finally,an efficient split-Bregman approach is used to solve the resulting optimisation problem.Experimental results on synthetic data and real HSI datacube obtained from hyperspectral sensors demonstrate that the authors’proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art methods,both visually and in terms of various image quality assessment metrics.
基金supported by resources of the Secretary of Environment of the Medellín district,through the agreement N°001-2023 between this entity,the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of National University of Colombia at Medellín
文摘The Andean montane forests provide a wide range of ecosystem services like water supply, carbon sequestration, and biodiversity preservation. Restoration of these forests is critical due to their degraded state and the need to recover, maintain and enhance the ecosystem services they provide. However, we lack understanding of aboveground biomass (AGB) accumulation in restored Andean montane forests. AGB is a key indicator of ecosystem productivity and provides essential data on vegetation carbon stocks, permitting the assess successfulness of restoration efforts. In 2010 the initiative Más Bosques para Medellín was formulated in Medellín City, tropical Andes, Colombia, aiming to restore the forests located in the surrounding rural areas of the city, with interest in preserving the ecosystems services like water supply. The project established 548 ha of mixed plantations with native species. After 13 years, our study aims to developed in situ allometric equations and to evaluate AGB accumulation to assess restoration performance. We measured, harvested, and weighted 144 individuals from these arrangements to fit a general equation for the project and six specific equations for each one of the six most frequent species. The AGB had a positive correlation with diameter at breast height (D), total height (H) and specific wood density (WD). The best general equation uses D and WD as predictors (R^(2) = 0.928). The specific species equations certainly responded to the functional traits of each species. Using the latest inventory of permanent plots of the project we estimated a mean AGB accumulation of 41.91 ± 30.34 Mg ha^(–1) and a total accumulation of 22,996.05 Mg of AGB for the 548 ha. We compared these results with studies developed for natural forest in the region and other land covers. We found contrast behaviors in the AGB accumulation across our study zones. The developed equations have broad applicability across the Andes region, offering valuable insights for similar restoration initiatives. Furthermore, will facilitate the assessment of current restoration efforts and inform scientifically based decisions for future mixed plantation practices.
基金supported by the European Union and the Romanian Government through the Competitiveness Operational Programme 2014–2020, under the project“Increasing the economic competitiveness of the forestry sector and the quality of life through knowledge transfer,technology and CDI skills”(CRESFORLIFE),ID P 40 380/105506, subsidiary contract no. 17/2020partially by the FORCLIMSOC Nucleu Programme (Contract 12N/2023)+2 种基金project PN 23090101CresPerfInst project (Contract 34PFE/December 30, 2021)“Increasing the institutional capacity and performance of INCDS ‘Marin Drǎcea’in RDI activities-CresPer”LM was financially supported by the Research Council of Finland's flagship ecosystem for Forest-Human-Machine Interplay–Building Resilience, Redefining Value Networks and Enabling Meaningful Experiences (UNITE)(decision number 357909)
文摘In this study,we used an extensive sampling network established in central Romania to develop tree height and crown length models.Our analysis included more than 18,000 tree measurements from five different species.Instead of building univariate models for each response variable,we employed a multivariate approach using seemingly unrelated mixed-effects models.These models incorporated variables related to species mixture,tree and stand size,competition,and stand structure.With the inclusion of additional variables in the multivariate seemingly unrelated mixed-effects models,the accuracy of the height prediction models improved by over 10% for all species,whereas the improvement in the crown length models was considerably smaller.Our findings indicate that trees in mixed stands tend to have shorter heights but longer crowns than those in pure stands.We also observed that trees in homogeneous stand structures have shorter crown lengths than those in heterogeneous stands.By employing a multivariate mixed-effects modelling framework,we were able to perform cross-model random-effect predictions,leading to a significant increase in accuracy when both responses were used to calibrate the model.In contrast,the improvement in accuracy was marginal when only height was used for calibration.We demonstrate how multivariate mixed-effects models can be effectively used to develop multi-response allometric models that can be easily calibrated with a limited number of observations while simultaneously achieving better-aligned projections.
文摘This study investigates laminar convection in three regimes(forced convection,mixed convection,and natural convection)of a bi-nanofluid(Cu-Al_(2)O_(3)-water)/mono-nanofluid(Al_(2)O_(3)-water)inside a square enclosure of sliding vertical walls which are kept at cold temperature and moving up,down,or in opposite directions.The enclosure bottom is heated partially by a central heat source of various sizes while the horizontal walls are considered adiabatic.The thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity are dependent on temperature and nanoparticle size.The conservation equations are implemented in the solver ANSYS R2(2020).The numerical predictions are successfully validated by comparison with data from the literature.Numerical simulations are carried out for various volume fractions of solid mono/hybrid-nanoparticles(0≤ϕ≤5%),Richardson numbers(0.001≤Ri≤10),and hot source lengths((1/5)H≤ε≤(4/5)H).Isothermal lines,streamlines,and average Nusselt numbers are analyzed.The thermal performance of nanofluids is compared to that of the base heat transfer fluid(water).Outcomes illustrate the flow characteristics significantly affected by the convection regime,hot source size,sidewall motion,and concentration of solid nanoparticles.In the case of sidewalls moving downward,using hybrid nanofluid(Cu-Al_(2)O_(3)-water)shows the highest heat transfer rate in the enclosure at Ri=1,ε=(4/5)H and volume fraction ofφ=5%where a significant increment(25.14%)of Nusselt number is obtained.
文摘A comprehensive numerical investigation into mixed⁃mode delamination is presented in this study.It aims to assess the impact of thermal and friction effects through mixed⁃mode flexure crack propagation testing.Finite element analysis was employed to model the delamination process,incorporating a contact cohesive zone model.This model couples the traction⁃separation law,the contact law,and the Coulomb friction law simultaneously.The thermomechanical analysis in this study is performed using a sequentially coupled approach,implemented with the finite element software ABAQUS.The findings underscore the importance of this study.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFC1511603)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2572021BA04).
文摘The rate of fire spread is a key indicator for assessing forest fire risk and developing fire management plans.The Rothermel model is the most widely used fire spread model,established through laboratory experiments on homogeneous fuels but has not been validated for conifer-deciduous mixed fuel.In this study,Pinus koraiensis and Quercus mongolica litter was used in a laboratory burning experiment to simulate surface fire spread in the field.The effects of fuel moisture content,mixed fuel ratio and slope on spread rate were analyzed.The optimum packing ratio,moisture-damping coefficient and slope parameters in the Rothermel model were modified using the measured spread rate which was positively correlated with slope and negatively with fuel moisture content.As the Q.mongolica load increased,the spread rate increased and was highest at a fuel ratio of 4:6.The model with modified optimal packing ratio and slope parameters has a significantly lower spread rate prediction error than the unmodified model.The spread rate prediction accuracy was significantly improved after modifying the model parameters based on spread rates from laboratory burning simulations.
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81874483).
文摘Understanding mixed infections in the female lower genital tract is a critical challenge in modern infection research.The interplay of multiple pathogens complicates disease progression,often resulting in treatment failure,recurrent infections,and significant public health and economic burdens.These infections are further exacerbated by disrupted host immune responses,which hinder the recovery of the vaginal microecosystem.Additionally,microbial biofilms—a fundamental mode of pathogen coexistence—contribute to the persistence and drug resistance of these infections,complicating management strategies.This review examines the pathogenesis,diagnosis,and treatment of mixed infections in the female lower genital tract while exploring potential avenues for future research.These findings emphasize the need for greater focus on these infections and offer insights to enhance further research in this area.
文摘Nano-scale CuF_(2) with superior electrochemical activity was successfully prepared by a mixed solvent co-precipitation method.The SEM and TEM analyses demonstrated that the methanol concentration had a pronounced effect on both the particle size and the extent of agglomeration.With the increase in methanol content,the particle size and agglomeration of CuF_(2) decreased first and then increased.When the volume ratio of methanol to deionized water was 1:1,the CuF_(2) particles exhibited the smallest size and the lowest degree of agglomeration.CuF_(2) synthesized with 50%methanol exhibited superior electrochemical performances with a voltage plateau above 3 V and a 1st discharge capacity of 525.8 mAh·g^(-1) at 0.01 C due to the synergistic influence of the particle size and dispersion.The analysis results using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)and constant current intermittent titration technique(GITT)affirmed the addition of methanol was beneficial for promoting Li+diffusion and accelerating electrochemical reaction kinetics of CuF_(2).
文摘DNA microarray technology is an extremely effective technique for studying gene expression patterns in cells, and the main challenge currently faced by this technology is how to analyze the large amount of gene expression data generated. To address this, this paper employs a mixed-effects model to analyze gene expression data. In terms of data selection, 1176 genes from the white mouse gene expression dataset under two experimental conditions were chosen, setting up two conditions: pneumococcal infection and no infection, and constructing a mixed-effects model. After preprocessing the gene chip information, the data were imported into the model, preliminary results were calculated, and permutation tests were performed to biologically validate the preliminary results using GSEA. The final dataset consists of 20 groups of gene expression data from pneumococcal infection, which categorizes functionally related genes based on the similarity of their expression profiles, facilitating the study of genes with unknown functions.
基金support of the“National R&D Project for Smart Construction Technology (Grant No.RS-2020-KA157074)”funded by the Korea Agency for Infrastructure Technology Advancement under the Ministry of Land,Infrastructure and Transport,and managed by the Korea Expressway Corporation.
文摘The widespread adoption of tunnel boring machines(TBMs)has led to an increased focus on disc cutter wear,including both normal and abnormal types,for efficient and safe TBM excavation.However,abnormal wear has yet to be thoroughly investigated,primarily due to the complexity of considering mixed ground conditions and the imbalance in the number of instances between the two types of wear.This study developed a prediction model for abnormal TBM disc cutter wear,considering mixed ground conditions,by employing interpretable machine learning with data augmentation.An equivalent elastic modulus was used to consider the characteristics of mixed ground conditions,and wear data was obtained from 65 cutterhead intervention(CHI)reports covering both mixed ground and hard rock sections.With a balanced training dataset obtained by data augmentation,an extreme gradient boosting(XGB)model delivered acceptable results with an accuracy of 0.94,an F1-score of 0.808,and a recall of 0.8.In addition,the accuracy for each individual disc cutter exhibited low variability.When employing data augmentation,a significant improvement in recall was observed compared to when it was not used,although the difference in accuracy and F1-score was marginal.The subsequent model interpretation revealed the chamber pressure,cutter installation radius,and torque as significant contributors.Specifically,a threshold in chamber pressure was observed,which could induce abnormal wear.The study also explored how elevated values of these influential contributors correlate with abnormal wear.The proposed model offers a valuable tool for planning the replacement of abnormally worn disc cutters,enhancing the safety and efficiency of TBM operations.
