The rapid evolution of virtual reality(VR)and augmented reality(AR)technologies has significantly transformed human-computer interaction,with applications spanning entertainment,education,healthcare,industry,and remot...The rapid evolution of virtual reality(VR)and augmented reality(AR)technologies has significantly transformed human-computer interaction,with applications spanning entertainment,education,healthcare,industry,and remote collaboration.A central challenge in these immersive systems lies in enabling intuitive,efficient,and natural interactions.Hand gesture recognition offers a compelling solution by leveraging the expressiveness of human hands to facilitate seamless control without relying on traditional input devices such as controllers or keyboards,which can limit immersion.However,achieving robust gesture recognition requires overcoming challenges related to accurate hand tracking,complex environmental conditions,and minimizing system latency.This study proposes an artificial intelligence(AI)-driven framework for recognizing both static and dynamic hand gestures in VR and AR environments using skeleton-based tracking compliant with the OpenXR standard.Our approach employs a lightweight neural network architecture capable of real-time classification within approximately 1.3mswhilemaintaining average accuracy of 95%.We also introduce a novel dataset generation method to support training robust models and demonstrate consistent classification of diverse gestures across widespread commercial VR devices.This work represents one of the first studies to implement and validate dynamic hand gesture recognition in real time using standardized VR hardware,laying the groundwork for more immersive,accessible,and user-friendly interaction systems.By advancing AI-driven gesture interfaces,this research has the potential to broaden the adoption of VR and AR across diverse domains and enhance the overall user experience.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter proposes a dynamic switching soft slicing strategy for industrial mixed traffic in 5G networks. Considering two types of traffic, periodic delay-sensitive (PDS) traffic and sporadic delay-toler...Dear Editor,This letter proposes a dynamic switching soft slicing strategy for industrial mixed traffic in 5G networks. Considering two types of traffic, periodic delay-sensitive (PDS) traffic and sporadic delay-tolerant (SDT) traffic, we design a dynamic switching strategy based on a traffic-Qo S-aware soft slicing (TQASS) scheme and a resource-efficiency-aware soft slicing (REASS) scheme.展开更多
In this article,we conduct a study on mixed quasi-martingale Hardy spaces that are defined by means of the mixed L_(p)-norm.By utilizing Doob’s inequalities,we explore the atomic decomposition and quasi-martingale in...In this article,we conduct a study on mixed quasi-martingale Hardy spaces that are defined by means of the mixed L_(p)-norm.By utilizing Doob’s inequalities,we explore the atomic decomposition and quasi-martingale inequalities of mixed quasi-martingale Hardy spaces.Moreover,we furnish sufficient conditions for the boundedness ofσ-sublinear operators in these spaces.These findings extend the existing conclusions regarding mixed quasi-martingale Hardy spaces defined with the help of the mixed L_(p)-norm.展开更多
To fully utilize the resources provided by optical fiber networks,a cross-band quantum light source generating photon pairs,where one photon in a pair is at C band and the other is at O band,is proposed in this work.T...To fully utilize the resources provided by optical fiber networks,a cross-band quantum light source generating photon pairs,where one photon in a pair is at C band and the other is at O band,is proposed in this work.This source is based on spontaneous four-wave mixing(SFWM)in a piece of shallow-ridge silicon waveguide.Theoretical analysis shows that the waveguide dispersion could be tailored by adjusting the ridge width,enabling broadband photon pair generation by SFWM across C band and O band.The spontaneous Raman scattering(SpRS)in silicon waveguides is also investigated experimentally.It shows that there are two regions in the spectrum of generated photons from SpRS,which could be used to achieve cross-band photon pair generation.A chip of shallow-ridge silicon waveguide samples with different ridge widths has been fabricated,through which cross-band photon pair generation is demonstrated experimentally.The experimental results show that the source can be achieved using dispersion-optimized shallow-ridge silicon waveguides.This cross-band quantum light source provides a way to develop new fiber-based quantum communication functions utilizing both C band and O band and extends applications of quantum networks.展开更多
An optimal dimension-down iterative algorithm （DDIA） is proposed for solving a mixed （continuous/ discrete） transportation network design problem （MNDP）, which is generally expressed as a mathematical programmin...An optimal dimension-down iterative algorithm （DDIA） is proposed for solving a mixed （continuous/ discrete） transportation network design problem （MNDP）, which is generally expressed as a mathematical programming with equilibrium constraints （MPEC）. The upper level of the MNDP aims to optimize the network performance via both the expansion of existing links and the addition of new candidate links, whereas the lower level is a traditional Wardrop user equilibrium （UE） model. The idea of the proposed DDIA is to reduce the dimensions of the problem. A group of variables （discrete/continuous） are fixed to altemately optimize another group of variables （continuous/discrete）. Some continuous network design problems （CNDPs） and discrete network design problems （DNDPs） are solved repeatedly until the optimal solution is obtained. A numerical example is given to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.展开更多
WOMBAT is a software package for quantitative genetic analyses of continuous traits, fitting a linear, mixed model; estimates of covariance components and the resulting genetic parameters are obtained by restricted ma...WOMBAT is a software package for quantitative genetic analyses of continuous traits, fitting a linear, mixed model; estimates of covariance components and the resulting genetic parameters are obtained by restricted maximum likelihood. A wide range of models, comprising numerous traits, multiple fixed and random effects, selected genetic covariance structures, random regression models and reduced rank estimation are accommodated. WOMBAT employs up-to-date numerical and computational methods. Together with the use of efficient compilers, this generates fast executable programs, suitable for large scale analyses. Use of WOMBAT is illustrated for a bivariate analysis. The package consists of the executable program, available for LINUX and WINDOWS environments, manual and a set of worked example, and can be downloaded free of charge from http：//agbu. une.edu.au/-kmeyer/wombat.html展开更多
We developed an HPLC method to study the pharmacokinetics ofpuerarin in Beagle dogs after oral administration of puerarin or puerarin mixed micelles （PMMS）. Beagle dogs were divided into two groups randomly, and the...We developed an HPLC method to study the pharmacokinetics ofpuerarin in Beagle dogs after oral administration of puerarin or puerarin mixed micelles （PMMS）. Beagle dogs were divided into two groups randomly, and the blood samples were collected at fixed time intervals after single oral administration ofpuerarin or PMMS at a dosage of 120 mg/kg. Following sample preparation, analytes were separated on a C18 column （DIKMA, 150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm） with a guard column （DIKMA, 8 mm×4 mm） and eluted with methanol-water （25：75, v/v）. Theophylline was used as the internal standard. WinNonlin 6.1 （Pharsight, USA） was used to calculate the pharrnacokinetic parameters. The pharmacokinetic parameters for puerarin and PMMS in Beagle dogs were as follows： AUC, 515.96 and 2796.43 min μg/mL; Tmax, 61.48 and 202.91 min; CL/F, 232.58 and 42.91 mL/min/kg, respectively. The relative bioavailability of PMMS to puerarin was 542.0%. Our results showed that the mixed micelle preparation significantly improved the bioavailability of puerarin by delaying absorption and reducing clearance.展开更多
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of lactic acid bacteria and propionic acid on the fermentation quality, aer- obic stability and in vitro gas production kinetics and digestibility of whole-crop corn bas...This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of lactic acid bacteria and propionic acid on the fermentation quality, aer- obic stability and in vitro gas production kinetics and digestibility of whole-crop corn based totalmixed ration （TMR） silage. Total mixed ration was ensiled with four treatments： （1） no additives （control）; （2） an inoculant （Lactobacillus plantarum） （L）; （3） propionicacid （P）; （4） propionic acid＋lactic acid bacteria （PL）. All treatments were ensiled in laboratory-scale silos for 45 days, and then subjected to an aerobic stability test for12 days. Further, four TMR silages were incubated in vitro with buffered rumen fluid to study in vitro gas production kinetics and digestibility. The results indicated that all TMR silages had good fermentation characteristics with low pH （〈3.80） and ammonia nitrogen （NH3-N） contents, and high lactic acid contents as well as Flieg points. Addition of L further improved TMR silage quality with more lactic acid production. Addition of P and PL decreased lactic acid and NH3-N contents of TMR silage compared to the control （P〈0.05）. After 12 days aerobic exposure, P and PL silages remained stable, but L and the control silages deteriorated as indicated by a reduction in lactic acid and an increase in pH, and numbers of yeast. Compared to the control, addition of L had no effects on TMR silage in terms of 72 h cumulative gas production, in vitro dry matter digestibility, metabolizable energy, net energy for lactation and short chain fatty acids, whereas addition of PL significantly （P〈0.05） increased them. L silage had higher （P〈0.05） in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility than the control silage. The results of our study suggested that TMR silage prepared with whole-crop corn can be well preserved with or without additives. Furthermore, the findings of this study suggested that propionic acid is compatible with lactic acid bacteria inoculants, and when used together, although they reduced lactic acid production of TMR silage, they improved aerobic stability and in vitro nutrients digestibility of TMR silage.展开更多
The double-alloy powder mixed method is very proper for developing new small-mass products by changing the composi- tion of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets, and there is little research on this aspect. The variation on magne...The double-alloy powder mixed method is very proper for developing new small-mass products by changing the composi- tion of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets, and there is little research on this aspect. The variation on magnetic and mechanical properties of high intrinsic coercivity Nd-Fe-B magnets prepared by double-alloy powder mixed method was discussed, which is a method blend- ing two-type main phase alloy powders with different components. The results showed that the intrinsic coercivity and density of sin- tered Nd-Fe-B magnets increased gradually with the increase in Dy content, and the double-alloy powder mixed method could obtain high intrinsic coercivity Nd-Fe-B magnets with good crystallographic alignment and microstructure. The bending strength of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets declined, and the Rockwell hardness of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets first declined, and then increased with the in- crease in Dy content. The microstructure showed that there existed the phenomenon that the Dy element diffused into main phase dur- ing sintering process, and the distribution of Dy content in main phase had some variation in homogeneity as a result of incomplete reaction between the double-alloy powder types.展开更多
An acclimatized mixed microbial culture,predominantly Pseudomonas sp.,was enriched from a sewage treatment plant,and its potential to simultaneously degrade mixtures of phenol and m-cresol was investigated during its ...An acclimatized mixed microbial culture,predominantly Pseudomonas sp.,was enriched from a sewage treatment plant,and its potential to simultaneously degrade mixtures of phenol and m-cresol was investigated during its growth in batch shake flasks.A 22 full factorial design with the two substrates at two different levels and different initial concentration ranges(low and high),was employed to carry out the biodegradation experiments.The substrates phenol and m-cresol were completely utilized within 21 h when ...展开更多
For increasing reaction rate and reducing decomposing temperature,TG-DTA,XRD,SEM and Chemical analysis were used to study the kinetics of mixed rar e earths minerals decomposed by CaO with NaCl-CaCl2. The results show...For increasing reaction rate and reducing decomposing temperature,TG-DTA,XRD,SEM and Chemical analysis were used to study the kinetics of mixed rar e earths minerals decomposed by CaO with NaCl-CaCl2. The results showed that the reaction rate increased with increasing of NaC-CaCl2 addition,CaO addition,an d decomposition temperature. The kinetics of mixed rare earths minerals decompos ed by CaO conformed to 1-2/3X-(1-X) 2/3=kdt mode. The decomposition reaction rate was controlled by two steps,and the activation energy was decreased with addin g of NaCl-CaCl2 melting salt. The micro-pattern of products was loosening and po rous with NaCl-CaCl2 in decomposition system.展开更多
Nanofluids have enjoyed a widespread use in many technological applications due to their peculiar properties.Numerical simulations are presented about the unsteady behavior of mixed convection of Fe_(3)O_(4)-water,Fe_...Nanofluids have enjoyed a widespread use in many technological applications due to their peculiar properties.Numerical simulations are presented about the unsteady behavior of mixed convection of Fe_(3)O_(4)-water,Fe_(3)O_(4)-kerosene,Fe_(3)O_(4)-ethylene glycol,and Fe_(3)O_(4)-engine oil nanofluids inside a lid-driven triangular cavity.In particular,a two-component non-homogeneous nanofluid model is used.The bottom wall of the enclosure is insulated,whereas the inclined wall is kept a constant(cold)temperature and various temperature laws are assumed for the vertical wall,namely:θ=1(Case 1),θ=Yð1YÞ(Case 2),andθ=sinð2-YÞ(Case 3).A tilted magnetic field of uniform strength is also present in the fluid domain.From a numerical point of view,the problem is addressed using the Galerkin weighted residual finite element method.The role played by different parameters is assessed,discussed critically and interpreted from a physical standpoint.We find that a higher aspect ratio can produce an increase in the average Nusselt number.Moreover,the Fe_(3)O_(4)-EO and Fe_(3)O_(4)-H2O nanofluids provide the highest and smallest rate of heat transfer,respectively,for all the considered(three variants of)thermal boundary conditions.展开更多
A series of Co–Cr–O mixed oxides with different Co/Cr molar ratios are synthesized and tested for the total oxidation of propane.The reaction behaviors are closely related to the structural features of the mixed oxi...A series of Co–Cr–O mixed oxides with different Co/Cr molar ratios are synthesized and tested for the total oxidation of propane.The reaction behaviors are closely related to the structural features of the mixed oxides.The catalyst with a Co/Cr molar ratio of 1:2(1 Co2 Cr)and a spinel structure has the best activity(with a reaction rate of 1.38μmol g^–1 s^–1 at 250℃),which is attributed to the synergistic roles of its high surface acidity and good low-temperature reducibility,as evidenced by the temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia,reduction of hydrogen,and surface reaction of propane.Kinetic study shows that the reaction orders of propane and oxygen on the 1 Co2 Cr catalyst(0.58±0.03 and 0.34±0.05,respectively)are lower than those on the 2 Co1 Cr catalyst(0.77±0.02 and 0.98±0.16,respectively)and 1 Co5 Cr(0.66±0.05 and 1.30±0.11,respectively),indicating that the coverages of propane and oxygen on 1 Co2 Cr are higher than those on the other catalysts due to its higher surface acidity and higher reducibility.In addition,in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopic investigation reveals that the main surface species on 1 Co2 Cr during the reaction are polydentate carbonate species,which accumulate on the surface at low temperatures(<250℃)but decompose at relatively high temperatures.展开更多
In this article, we consider the global chaotic synchronization of general cou- pled neural networks, in which subsystems have both discrete and distributed delays. Stochastic perturbations between subsystems are also...In this article, we consider the global chaotic synchronization of general cou- pled neural networks, in which subsystems have both discrete and distributed delays. Stochastic perturbations between subsystems are also considered. On the basis of two sim- ple adaptive pinning feedback control schemes, Lyapunov functional method, and stochas- tic analysis approach, several sufficient conditions are developed to guarantee global syn- chronization of the coupled neural networks with two kinds of delay couplings, even if only partial states of the nodes are coupled. The outer-coupling matrices may be symmetric or asymmetric. Unlike existing results that an isolate node is introduced as the pinning target, we pin to help the network realizing synchronization without introducing any iso- late node when the network is not synchronized. As a by product, sufficient conditions under which the network realizes synchronization without control are derived. Numerical simulations confirm the effectiveness of the obtained results.展开更多
The thermal decomposition behavior and nonisothermal reaction kinetics of the double-base gun propellants containing the mixed ester of triethyleneglycol dinitrate（TEGDN） and nitroglycerin（NG） were investigated by...The thermal decomposition behavior and nonisothermal reaction kinetics of the double-base gun propellants containing the mixed ester of triethyleneglycol dinitrate（TEGDN） and nitroglycerin（NG） were investigated by thermogravimetry（TG） and differential thermogravimetry（DTG）, and differential scanning calorimetry（DSC） under the high-pressure dynamic ambience. The results show that the thermal decomposition processes of the mixed nitric ester gun propellants have two mass-loss stages. Nitric ester evaporates and decomposes in the first stage, and nitrocellulose and centralite II（C2） decompose in the second stage. The mass loss, the DTG peak points, and the terminated temperatures of the two stages are changeable with the difference of the mass ratio of TEGDN to NG. There is only one obvious exothermic peak in the DSC curves under the different pressures. With the increase in the furnace pressure, the peak temperature decreases, and the decomposition heat increases. With the increase in the content of TEGDN, the decomposition heat decreases at 0.1 MPa and rises at high pressure. The variety of mass ratio of TEGDN to NG makes few effect on the exothermic peak temperatures in the DSC curves at different pressures. The kinetic equation of the main exothermal decomposition reaction of the gun propellant TG0601 was determined as： dα/dt=1021.59（1-α）3e-2.60×104/T. The reaction mechanism of the process can be classified as chemical reaction. The critical temperatures of the thermal explosion（Tbe and Tbp） obtained from the onset temperature（Te） and the peak temperature（Tp） are 456.46 and 473.40 K, respectively. ΔS≠, ΔH≠, and ΔG≠ of the decomposition reaction are 163.57 J·mol^-1·K^-1, 209.54 kJ·mol^-1, and 133.55 kJ·mol^-1, respectively.展开更多
A novel technology,modified roasting in CO-CO2 mixed gas and magnetic separation,was presented to recover iron from copper slag.The effects of various parameters such as dosage of flux(CaO),gas flowrate of CO and CO2,...A novel technology,modified roasting in CO-CO2 mixed gas and magnetic separation,was presented to recover iron from copper slag.The effects of various parameters such as dosage of flux(CaO),gas flowrate of CO and CO2,roasting temperature,roasting time,particle size of modified slag and magnetic flux density on the oxidized modification and magnetic separation were investigated by comparison of the X-ray diffraction patterns and iron recovery ratio.The optimum conditions for recovering iron by oxidizing roasting and magnetic separation are as follows:calcium oxide content of 25 wt.%,mixed gas flow rates of CO2 and CO of 180 and 20 mL/min,oxidizing roasting at 1323 K for 2 h,grinding the modified slag to 38.5-25.0μm and magnetic separation at 170 mT.The mineralogical and microstructural characteristics of modified slag revealed that the iron-bearing minerals in the copper slag were oxidized,the generated magnetite grew into large particles,and the silicate in copper slag was combined with calcium oxide to form calcium silicate.Finally,the iron-bearing concentrate with an iron grade of 54.79%and iron recovery ratio of 80.14%was effectively obtained.展开更多
基金supported by research fund from Chosun University,2024.
文摘The rapid evolution of virtual reality(VR)and augmented reality(AR)technologies has significantly transformed human-computer interaction,with applications spanning entertainment,education,healthcare,industry,and remote collaboration.A central challenge in these immersive systems lies in enabling intuitive,efficient,and natural interactions.Hand gesture recognition offers a compelling solution by leveraging the expressiveness of human hands to facilitate seamless control without relying on traditional input devices such as controllers or keyboards,which can limit immersion.However,achieving robust gesture recognition requires overcoming challenges related to accurate hand tracking,complex environmental conditions,and minimizing system latency.This study proposes an artificial intelligence(AI)-driven framework for recognizing both static and dynamic hand gestures in VR and AR environments using skeleton-based tracking compliant with the OpenXR standard.Our approach employs a lightweight neural network architecture capable of real-time classification within approximately 1.3mswhilemaintaining average accuracy of 95%.We also introduce a novel dataset generation method to support training robust models and demonstrate consistent classification of diverse gestures across widespread commercial VR devices.This work represents one of the first studies to implement and validate dynamic hand gesture recognition in real time using standardized VR hardware,laying the groundwork for more immersive,accessible,and user-friendly interaction systems.By advancing AI-driven gesture interfaces,this research has the potential to broaden the adoption of VR and AR across diverse domains and enhance the overall user experience.
基金supported by the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC2203148)
文摘Dear Editor,This letter proposes a dynamic switching soft slicing strategy for industrial mixed traffic in 5G networks. Considering two types of traffic, periodic delay-sensitive (PDS) traffic and sporadic delay-tolerant (SDT) traffic, we design a dynamic switching strategy based on a traffic-Qo S-aware soft slicing (TQASS) scheme and a resource-efficiency-aware soft slicing (REASS) scheme.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11871195)。
文摘In this article,we conduct a study on mixed quasi-martingale Hardy spaces that are defined by means of the mixed L_(p)-norm.By utilizing Doob’s inequalities,we explore the atomic decomposition and quasi-martingale inequalities of mixed quasi-martingale Hardy spaces.Moreover,we furnish sufficient conditions for the boundedness ofσ-sublinear operators in these spaces.These findings extend the existing conclusions regarding mixed quasi-martingale Hardy spaces defined with the help of the mixed L_(p)-norm.
基金supported by the Quantum Science and Technology-National Science and Technology Major Project (Grant No.2024ZD0302502 for WZ)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.92365210 for WZ)+1 种基金Tsinghua Initiative Scientific Research Program (for WZ)the project of Tsinghua University-Zhuhai Huafa Industrial Share Company Joint Institute for Architecture Optoelectronic Technologies (JIAOT,for YH)。
文摘To fully utilize the resources provided by optical fiber networks,a cross-band quantum light source generating photon pairs,where one photon in a pair is at C band and the other is at O band,is proposed in this work.This source is based on spontaneous four-wave mixing(SFWM)in a piece of shallow-ridge silicon waveguide.Theoretical analysis shows that the waveguide dispersion could be tailored by adjusting the ridge width,enabling broadband photon pair generation by SFWM across C band and O band.The spontaneous Raman scattering(SpRS)in silicon waveguides is also investigated experimentally.It shows that there are two regions in the spectrum of generated photons from SpRS,which could be used to achieve cross-band photon pair generation.A chip of shallow-ridge silicon waveguide samples with different ridge widths has been fabricated,through which cross-band photon pair generation is demonstrated experimentally.The experimental results show that the source can be achieved using dispersion-optimized shallow-ridge silicon waveguides.This cross-band quantum light source provides a way to develop new fiber-based quantum communication functions utilizing both C band and O band and extends applications of quantum networks.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 50908235 )China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.201003520)
文摘An optimal dimension-down iterative algorithm （DDIA） is proposed for solving a mixed （continuous/ discrete） transportation network design problem （MNDP）, which is generally expressed as a mathematical programming with equilibrium constraints （MPEC）. The upper level of the MNDP aims to optimize the network performance via both the expansion of existing links and the addition of new candidate links, whereas the lower level is a traditional Wardrop user equilibrium （UE） model. The idea of the proposed DDIA is to reduce the dimensions of the problem. A group of variables （discrete/continuous） are fixed to altemately optimize another group of variables （continuous/discrete）. Some continuous network design problems （CNDPs） and discrete network design problems （DNDPs） are solved repeatedly until the optimal solution is obtained. A numerical example is given to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
基金Project (No. BFGEN.100B) supported by the Meat and LivestockLtd., Australia (MLA)
文摘WOMBAT is a software package for quantitative genetic analyses of continuous traits, fitting a linear, mixed model; estimates of covariance components and the resulting genetic parameters are obtained by restricted maximum likelihood. A wide range of models, comprising numerous traits, multiple fixed and random effects, selected genetic covariance structures, random regression models and reduced rank estimation are accommodated. WOMBAT employs up-to-date numerical and computational methods. Together with the use of efficient compilers, this generates fast executable programs, suitable for large scale analyses. Use of WOMBAT is illustrated for a bivariate analysis. The package consists of the executable program, available for LINUX and WINDOWS environments, manual and a set of worked example, and can be downloaded free of charge from http：//agbu. une.edu.au/-kmeyer/wombat.html
基金Foundation of Independent Subject of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (Grant No. JYB22-JS025)Compound Chinese Medicine Preparation Research Innovation Team (Team No. 2011-CXTD-13)
文摘We developed an HPLC method to study the pharmacokinetics ofpuerarin in Beagle dogs after oral administration of puerarin or puerarin mixed micelles （PMMS）. Beagle dogs were divided into two groups randomly, and the blood samples were collected at fixed time intervals after single oral administration ofpuerarin or PMMS at a dosage of 120 mg/kg. Following sample preparation, analytes were separated on a C18 column （DIKMA, 150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm） with a guard column （DIKMA, 8 mm×4 mm） and eluted with methanol-water （25：75, v/v）. Theophylline was used as the internal standard. WinNonlin 6.1 （Pharsight, USA） was used to calculate the pharrnacokinetic parameters. The pharmacokinetic parameters for puerarin and PMMS in Beagle dogs were as follows： AUC, 515.96 and 2796.43 min μg/mL; Tmax, 61.48 and 202.91 min; CL/F, 232.58 and 42.91 mL/min/kg, respectively. The relative bioavailability of PMMS to puerarin was 542.0%. Our results showed that the mixed micelle preparation significantly improved the bioavailability of puerarin by delaying absorption and reducing clearance.
基金supported by the project of Jiangsu Independent Innovation,China(CX(15)1003-3)the Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 13th Five-Year Plan period(2016YFC0502005)the Special Project of Grass of Tibet Autonomous Region for the 13th Five-Year Plan,China
文摘This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of lactic acid bacteria and propionic acid on the fermentation quality, aer- obic stability and in vitro gas production kinetics and digestibility of whole-crop corn based totalmixed ration （TMR） silage. Total mixed ration was ensiled with four treatments： （1） no additives （control）; （2） an inoculant （Lactobacillus plantarum） （L）; （3） propionicacid （P）; （4） propionic acid＋lactic acid bacteria （PL）. All treatments were ensiled in laboratory-scale silos for 45 days, and then subjected to an aerobic stability test for12 days. Further, four TMR silages were incubated in vitro with buffered rumen fluid to study in vitro gas production kinetics and digestibility. The results indicated that all TMR silages had good fermentation characteristics with low pH （〈3.80） and ammonia nitrogen （NH3-N） contents, and high lactic acid contents as well as Flieg points. Addition of L further improved TMR silage quality with more lactic acid production. Addition of P and PL decreased lactic acid and NH3-N contents of TMR silage compared to the control （P〈0.05）. After 12 days aerobic exposure, P and PL silages remained stable, but L and the control silages deteriorated as indicated by a reduction in lactic acid and an increase in pH, and numbers of yeast. Compared to the control, addition of L had no effects on TMR silage in terms of 72 h cumulative gas production, in vitro dry matter digestibility, metabolizable energy, net energy for lactation and short chain fatty acids, whereas addition of PL significantly （P〈0.05） increased them. L silage had higher （P〈0.05） in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility than the control silage. The results of our study suggested that TMR silage prepared with whole-crop corn can be well preserved with or without additives. Furthermore, the findings of this study suggested that propionic acid is compatible with lactic acid bacteria inoculants, and when used together, although they reduced lactic acid production of TMR silage, they improved aerobic stability and in vitro nutrients digestibility of TMR silage.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2014CFB626,2015CFC785)the Research Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education(D20151801)the Opening Foundation of Hubei Key Laboratory of Automotive Power Train and Electronic Control(ZDK1201404)
文摘The double-alloy powder mixed method is very proper for developing new small-mass products by changing the composi- tion of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets, and there is little research on this aspect. The variation on magnetic and mechanical properties of high intrinsic coercivity Nd-Fe-B magnets prepared by double-alloy powder mixed method was discussed, which is a method blend- ing two-type main phase alloy powders with different components. The results showed that the intrinsic coercivity and density of sin- tered Nd-Fe-B magnets increased gradually with the increase in Dy content, and the double-alloy powder mixed method could obtain high intrinsic coercivity Nd-Fe-B magnets with good crystallographic alignment and microstructure. The bending strength of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets declined, and the Rockwell hardness of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets first declined, and then increased with the in- crease in Dy content. The microstructure showed that there existed the phenomenon that the Dy element diffused into main phase dur- ing sintering process, and the distribution of Dy content in main phase had some variation in homogeneity as a result of incomplete reaction between the double-alloy powder types.
文摘An acclimatized mixed microbial culture,predominantly Pseudomonas sp.,was enriched from a sewage treatment plant,and its potential to simultaneously degrade mixtures of phenol and m-cresol was investigated during its growth in batch shake flasks.A 22 full factorial design with the two substrates at two different levels and different initial concentration ranges(low and high),was employed to carry out the biodegradation experiments.The substrates phenol and m-cresol were completely utilized within 21 h when ...
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50974042)Scientific Research Special Foundation of Doctor Subject of Chinese Universities (20090042120015)The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (N090302007)
文摘For increasing reaction rate and reducing decomposing temperature,TG-DTA,XRD,SEM and Chemical analysis were used to study the kinetics of mixed rar e earths minerals decomposed by CaO with NaCl-CaCl2. The results showed that the reaction rate increased with increasing of NaC-CaCl2 addition,CaO addition,an d decomposition temperature. The kinetics of mixed rare earths minerals decompos ed by CaO conformed to 1-2/3X-(1-X) 2/3=kdt mode. The decomposition reaction rate was controlled by two steps,and the activation energy was decreased with addin g of NaCl-CaCl2 melting salt. The micro-pattern of products was loosening and po rous with NaCl-CaCl2 in decomposition system.
文摘Nanofluids have enjoyed a widespread use in many technological applications due to their peculiar properties.Numerical simulations are presented about the unsteady behavior of mixed convection of Fe_(3)O_(4)-water,Fe_(3)O_(4)-kerosene,Fe_(3)O_(4)-ethylene glycol,and Fe_(3)O_(4)-engine oil nanofluids inside a lid-driven triangular cavity.In particular,a two-component non-homogeneous nanofluid model is used.The bottom wall of the enclosure is insulated,whereas the inclined wall is kept a constant(cold)temperature and various temperature laws are assumed for the vertical wall,namely:θ=1(Case 1),θ=Yð1YÞ(Case 2),andθ=sinð2-YÞ(Case 3).A tilted magnetic field of uniform strength is also present in the fluid domain.From a numerical point of view,the problem is addressed using the Galerkin weighted residual finite element method.The role played by different parameters is assessed,discussed critically and interpreted from a physical standpoint.We find that a higher aspect ratio can produce an increase in the average Nusselt number.Moreover,the Fe_(3)O_(4)-EO and Fe_(3)O_(4)-H2O nanofluids provide the highest and smallest rate of heat transfer,respectively,for all the considered(three variants of)thermal boundary conditions.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21773212,21872124)~~
文摘A series of Co–Cr–O mixed oxides with different Co/Cr molar ratios are synthesized and tested for the total oxidation of propane.The reaction behaviors are closely related to the structural features of the mixed oxides.The catalyst with a Co/Cr molar ratio of 1:2(1 Co2 Cr)and a spinel structure has the best activity(with a reaction rate of 1.38μmol g^–1 s^–1 at 250℃),which is attributed to the synergistic roles of its high surface acidity and good low-temperature reducibility,as evidenced by the temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia,reduction of hydrogen,and surface reaction of propane.Kinetic study shows that the reaction orders of propane and oxygen on the 1 Co2 Cr catalyst(0.58±0.03 and 0.34±0.05,respectively)are lower than those on the 2 Co1 Cr catalyst(0.77±0.02 and 0.98±0.16,respectively)and 1 Co5 Cr(0.66±0.05 and 1.30±0.11,respectively),indicating that the coverages of propane and oxygen on 1 Co2 Cr are higher than those on the other catalysts due to its higher surface acidity and higher reducibility.In addition,in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopic investigation reveals that the main surface species on 1 Co2 Cr during the reaction are polydentate carbonate species,which accumulate on the surface at low temperatures(<250℃)but decompose at relatively high temperatures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 60874088 and No. 11072059the Scientific Research Fund of Yunnan Province under Grant No. 2010ZC150the Scientific Research Fund of Yunnan Provincial Education Department under Grant No. 07Y10085
文摘In this article, we consider the global chaotic synchronization of general cou- pled neural networks, in which subsystems have both discrete and distributed delays. Stochastic perturbations between subsystems are also considered. On the basis of two sim- ple adaptive pinning feedback control schemes, Lyapunov functional method, and stochas- tic analysis approach, several sufficient conditions are developed to guarantee global syn- chronization of the coupled neural networks with two kinds of delay couplings, even if only partial states of the nodes are coupled. The outer-coupling matrices may be symmetric or asymmetric. Unlike existing results that an isolate node is introduced as the pinning target, we pin to help the network realizing synchronization without introducing any iso- late node when the network is not synchronized. As a by product, sufficient conditions under which the network realizes synchronization without control are derived. Numerical simulations confirm the effectiveness of the obtained results.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20573098)the Foundation of Key Laboratory of Science and Technology for National Defence of Propellant and Explosive of China(No.9140C3503020605).
文摘The thermal decomposition behavior and nonisothermal reaction kinetics of the double-base gun propellants containing the mixed ester of triethyleneglycol dinitrate（TEGDN） and nitroglycerin（NG） were investigated by thermogravimetry（TG） and differential thermogravimetry（DTG）, and differential scanning calorimetry（DSC） under the high-pressure dynamic ambience. The results show that the thermal decomposition processes of the mixed nitric ester gun propellants have two mass-loss stages. Nitric ester evaporates and decomposes in the first stage, and nitrocellulose and centralite II（C2） decompose in the second stage. The mass loss, the DTG peak points, and the terminated temperatures of the two stages are changeable with the difference of the mass ratio of TEGDN to NG. There is only one obvious exothermic peak in the DSC curves under the different pressures. With the increase in the furnace pressure, the peak temperature decreases, and the decomposition heat increases. With the increase in the content of TEGDN, the decomposition heat decreases at 0.1 MPa and rises at high pressure. The variety of mass ratio of TEGDN to NG makes few effect on the exothermic peak temperatures in the DSC curves at different pressures. The kinetic equation of the main exothermal decomposition reaction of the gun propellant TG0601 was determined as： dα/dt=1021.59（1-α）3e-2.60×104/T. The reaction mechanism of the process can be classified as chemical reaction. The critical temperatures of the thermal explosion（Tbe and Tbp） obtained from the onset temperature（Te） and the peak temperature（Tp） are 456.46 and 473.40 K, respectively. ΔS≠, ΔH≠, and ΔG≠ of the decomposition reaction are 163.57 J·mol^-1·K^-1, 209.54 kJ·mol^-1, and 133.55 kJ·mol^-1, respectively.
基金The authors wish to express thanks to National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51774154)the Jiangxi Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.20151BAB206029)for the financial support for this research。
文摘A novel technology,modified roasting in CO-CO2 mixed gas and magnetic separation,was presented to recover iron from copper slag.The effects of various parameters such as dosage of flux(CaO),gas flowrate of CO and CO2,roasting temperature,roasting time,particle size of modified slag and magnetic flux density on the oxidized modification and magnetic separation were investigated by comparison of the X-ray diffraction patterns and iron recovery ratio.The optimum conditions for recovering iron by oxidizing roasting and magnetic separation are as follows:calcium oxide content of 25 wt.%,mixed gas flow rates of CO2 and CO of 180 and 20 mL/min,oxidizing roasting at 1323 K for 2 h,grinding the modified slag to 38.5-25.0μm and magnetic separation at 170 mT.The mineralogical and microstructural characteristics of modified slag revealed that the iron-bearing minerals in the copper slag were oxidized,the generated magnetite grew into large particles,and the silicate in copper slag was combined with calcium oxide to form calcium silicate.Finally,the iron-bearing concentrate with an iron grade of 54.79%and iron recovery ratio of 80.14%was effectively obtained.
