As an effective strategy to address urban traffic congestion,traffic flow prediction has gained attention from Federated-Learning(FL)researchers due FL’s ability to preserving data privacy.However,existing methods fa...As an effective strategy to address urban traffic congestion,traffic flow prediction has gained attention from Federated-Learning(FL)researchers due FL’s ability to preserving data privacy.However,existing methods face challenges:some are too simplistic to capture complex traffic patterns effectively,and others are overly complex,leading to excessive communication overhead between cloud and edge devices.Moreover,the problem of single point failure limits their robustness and reliability in real-world applications.To tackle these challenges,this paper proposes a new method,CMBA-FL,a Communication-Mitigated and Blockchain-Assisted Federated Learning model.First,CMBA-FL improves the client model’s ability to capture temporal traffic patterns by employing the Encoder-Decoder framework for each edge device.Second,to reduce the communication overhead during federated learning,we introduce a verification method based on parameter update consistency,avoiding unnecessary parameter updates.Third,to mitigate the risk of a single point of failure,we integrate consensus mechanisms from blockchain technology.To validate the effectiveness of CMBA-FL,we assess its performance on two widely used traffic datasets.Our experimental results show that CMBA-FL reduces prediction error by 11.46%,significantly lowers communication overhead,and improves security.展开更多
Dysregulated Wnt signaling is associated with the pathogenesis of cancers, fibrosis, and vascular diseases. Inhibition of Wnt signaling has shown efficacy in various pre-clinical models of these disorders. One of the ...Dysregulated Wnt signaling is associated with the pathogenesis of cancers, fibrosis, and vascular diseases. Inhibition of Wnt signaling has shown efficacy in various pre-clinical models of these disorders. One of the key challenges in developing targeted anti-cancer drugs is to balance efficacy with on-target toxicity. Given the crucial role Wnts play in the differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, acute inhibition of Wnt signaling is likely to affect bone homeostasis. In this study, we evaluated the skeletal effect of small molecule inhibitor of an o-acyl transferase porcupine（PORCN） that prevents Wnt signaling by blocking the secretion of all Wnts. Micro-computed tomography and histomorphometric evaluation revealed that the bones of mice treated with two structurally distinct PORCN inhibitors LGK974 and ETC-1922159（ETC-159） had loss-of-bone volume and density within 4 weeks of exposure. This decreased bone mass was associated with a significant increase in adipocytes within the bone marrow. Notably,simultaneous administration of a clinically approved anti-resorptive, alendronate, a member of the bisphosphonate family,mitigated loss-of-bone mass seen upon ETC-159 treatment by regulating activity of osteoclasts and blocking accumulation of bone marrow adipocytes. Our results support the addition of bone protective agents when treating patients with PORCN inhibitors.Mitigation of bone toxicity can extend the therapeutic utility of Wnt pathway inhibitors.展开更多
This three-year study, based on the Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease （GRID）, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） Biobank, was conducted in 36 COPD patients to estimate whether changes in levels ...This three-year study, based on the Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease （GRID）, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） Biobank, was conducted in 36 COPD patients to estimate whether changes in levels of leukocytes, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and platelets were related to changes in air pollutant concentration. Daily NO2 levels exhibited significant differences between baseline years and the 2010 Asian Game period. We observed significant reductions in leukocyte and neutrophils counts levels, by 15.51% and 23.01%, from pre-Asian Games to during-Asian Games, respectively. In the post-Asian Game period, most pollutants approximated pre-Asian Game period levels, and similar effects were demonstrated in leukocyte and neutrophil counts. For both items, we identified significant increases resulting from elevated NO2 at lag days 0-2/5-6. We concluded that reductions in pollutants during the intervention period were associated with inactivation of hematological events in COPD.展开更多
The surface subsidence process associated with Iongwall mining operations is often capable of causing disturbances to various surface structures.Inadequate consid- erations of the subsidence influences could result in...The surface subsidence process associated with Iongwall mining operations is often capable of causing disturbances to various surface structures.Inadequate consid- erations of the subsidence influences could result in poor public relation with local resi- dents and regulatory agencies,uneconomic operations,hazardous conditions,etc.A sys- tematic approach to assess and mitigate influences caused by Iongwall subsidence had been developed and adopted to minimize the severity of these potential problems.The approach included accurate prediction of final and dynamic surface movements and de- formations,assessment of the severities and locations of the potential disturbances,and design and implementation of proper mitigation measures.The approach had been suc- cessfully applied at many Iongwall mining companies on numerous and various residential farming,public and industrial structures.As a matter of fact,the state of Pennsylvania,the state with largest number of Iongwall mines and highest Iongwall production in U.S.,would like to use such approach as the standards in dealing with Iongwall subsidence cases.展开更多
As Egyptian oil and gas downstream information technology has grown digitally over the past decade, security breaches against these digitally connected systems have also increased. These cyber security threats could h...As Egyptian oil and gas downstream information technology has grown digitally over the past decade, security breaches against these digitally connected systems have also increased. These cyber security threats could have devastating effects on the operations and reputation of these companies. Preventing such cyberattacks is crucial. Especially, with the significance of the Egyptian oil and gas downstream sector to the local economy and the fact that many of these connected systems are sometimes managed remotely. This paper examines the value of the ISO 27001 standard in mitigating the effect of cyber threat and seeks to inspire decision-makers to the importance of the proactive measures to strengthen their organization’s cybersecurity posture and protect information critical assets. The study stresses the importance of improving the local educational system to bridge the gap between supply and demand for cybersecurity specialists by implementing a structured approach that emphasizes behavior modification to get a high return on investment in cybersecurity awareness.展开更多
Background:Heat stress is a significant problem in the poultry industry,causing a severe economic loss due to its detrimental effects on chickens’health and performance.Dried plum(DP)is a good source of minerals,vita...Background:Heat stress is a significant problem in the poultry industry,causing a severe economic loss due to its detrimental effects on chickens’health and performance.Dried plum(DP)is a good source of minerals,vitamins,antioxidants,and phenolic compounds.Studies have suggested that DP has several health benefits,such as maintaining the body’s redox system,immune status,and calcium hemostasis.Based on the health benefits of DP,we hypothesized that the dietary supplementation of DP would alleviate the detrimental effects of heat stress on broiler chickens.Results:To test the hypothesis,day-old broiler chicks(n=72)were randomly allocated to three treatment groups(n=24/group):no heat stress(NHS),heat stress(HS),and heat stress with dried plum(HS+DP),and reared under standard conditions.The inclusion of 2.5%DP in the feed of the HS+DP group was made during the treatment period,while birds in other groups were provided with a standard finisher diet.After 21 days,birds in the HS and HS+DP groups were exposed to cyclic heat stress conditions(33℃ for 8 h during daytime)for 3 weeks,while those in the NHS group were reared under normal conditions(22-24℃).Weekly body weight and feed intake were recorded to calculate the average daily gain(ADG),average daily feed intake(ADFI),and feed conversion ratio(FCR).Heat stress significantly decreased the final body weight,ADG,ADFI,and increased FCR compared to the NHS group,whereas dietary supplementation of DP significantly improved these growth performance parameters compared to the HS group.Furthermore,supplementation of DP significantly increased the expression of heat shock protein-related genes(HSF1,HSF3,HSP70,and HSP90),antioxidant-related genes(SOD1,SOD2,GPX1,GPX3,PRDX1,and TXN),tight junction-related genes(CLDN1,and OCLN),and immune-related genes(IL4,MUC2)in the ileum as compared to the HS group.The microbiota analysis showed significant enrichment of Bacillales,Christensenellaceae,Bacillaceae,Peptostreptococcaceae,and Anaerotruncus in heat-stressed birds supplemented with DP as compared to the HS group.Further,DP supplementation also significantly increased the concentration of acetate,propionate,and total VFA in the cecal digesta of the HS+DP group as compared to the HS group.Conclusion:These findings suggest that DP supplementation effectively improved the growth performances and gut health parameters in the heat-stressed birds.Thus,dried plum can be a potential feed supplement to mitigate heat stress in broiler chickens.展开更多
Background:Forest based climate mitigation emerged as a key component of the Paris Agreement,and thus re-quires robust science to reduce uncertainties related to such strategies.The aim of this study was to assess and...Background:Forest based climate mitigation emerged as a key component of the Paris Agreement,and thus re-quires robust science to reduce uncertainties related to such strategies.The aim of this study was to assess and compare the cumulative effects on carbon dynamics of forest management and climate change on boreal and northern temperate forest sector in eastern Canada for the 2020–2100 period.Methods:We used the spatially explicit forest landscape model LANDIS-II and its extension Forest Carbon Suc-cession,in conjunction with the Carbon Budget Model for Harvested Wood Products framework.We simulated the dynamics of forest composition and carbon flows from forest ecosystems to wood products and their substitution effect on markets under increasing climate forcing,according to a tonne-year approach.Simulations were con-ducted for a series of forest management scenarios based on realistic practices principally by clearcut in the boreal territory and continuous-cover forestry in the northern temperate one.These scenarios included:i)a business-as-usual scenario(BaU),representing the current management strategy,ii)increased harvesting by 6.3%to 13.9%,iii)increased conservation(i.e.reduced harvesting by 11.1%to 49.8%),iiii)and a scenario representing the natural evolution of the forest landscape(i.e.without any management activity).Results:Our study revealed that increasing harvesting levels had contrasting effects on the mitigation potential in northern temperate(enhance net sequestration)and boreal forest sector(enhance net emissions)in comparison to the BaU from 2040 onwards,regardless of the future climate.Carbon storage in wood products and the substi-tution effect were not sufficient to offset carbon emissions from ecosystems.Moreover,climate change had a strong impact on the capacity of both landscapes to act as carbon sinks.Northern temperate landscapes became a net source of carbon over time due to their greater vulnerability to climate change than boreal landscapes.Conclusions:Our study highlights the need to consider the initial landscape characteristics in simulations to maximize the mitigation potential of alternative forest management strategies.The optimal management solution can be very different according to the characteristics of forest ecosystems.This opens the possibility of optimizing management for specific forest stands,with the objective of maximizing the mitigation potential of a given landscape.展开更多
Three-dimensional(3 D)TCAD simulations demonstrate that reducing the distance between the well boundary and N-channel metal-oxide semiconductor(NMOS)transistor or P-channel metal-oxide semiconductor(PMOS)transistor ca...Three-dimensional(3 D)TCAD simulations demonstrate that reducing the distance between the well boundary and N-channel metal-oxide semiconductor(NMOS)transistor or P-channel metal-oxide semiconductor(PMOS)transistor can mitigate the cross section of single event upset(SEU)in 14-nm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor(CMOS)bulk Fin FET technology.The competition of charge collection between well boundary and sensitive nodes,the enhanced restoring currents and the change of bipolar effect are responsible for the decrease of SEU cross section.Unlike dualinterlock cell(DICE)design,this approach is more effective under heavy ion irradiation of higher LET,in the presence of enough taps to ensure the rapid recovery of well potential.Besides,the feasibility of this method and its effectiveness with feature size scaling down are discussed.展开更多
A numerical model based on measured fictive temperature distributions is explored to evaluate the residual stress fields of CO_(2)laser-annealed mitigated fused silica damage sites.The proposed model extracts the resi...A numerical model based on measured fictive temperature distributions is explored to evaluate the residual stress fields of CO_(2)laser-annealed mitigated fused silica damage sites.The proposed model extracts the residual strain from the differences in thermoelastic contraction of fused silica with different fictive temperatures from the initial frozen-in temperatures to ambient temperature.The residual stress fields of mitigated damage sites for the CO_(2)laser-annealed case are obtained by a finite element analysis of equilibrium equations and constitutive equations.The simulated results indicate that the proposed model can accurately evaluate the residual stress fields of laser-annealed mitigated damage sites with a complex thermal history.The calculated maximum hoop stress is in good agreement with the reported experimental result.The estimated optical retardance profiles from the calculated radial and hoop stress fields are consistent with the photoelastic measurements.These results provide sufficient evidence to demonstrate the suitability of the proposed model for describing the residual stresses of mitigated fused silica damage sites after CO_(2)laser annealing.展开更多
In soil biota,higher and enduring concentration of heavy metals like cadmium(Cd)is hazardous and associated with great loss in growth,yield,and quality parameters of most of the crop plants.Recently,in-situ applicatio...In soil biota,higher and enduring concentration of heavy metals like cadmium(Cd)is hazardous and associated with great loss in growth,yield,and quality parameters of most of the crop plants.Recently,in-situ applications of eco-friendly stabilizing agents in the form of organic modifications have been utilized to mitigate the adverse effects of Cd-toxicity.This controlled experiment was laid down to appraise the imprints of various applied organic amendments namely poultry manure(PM),farmyard manure(FYM),and sugarcane press mud(PS)to immobilize Cd in polluted soil.Moreover,phytoavailability of Cd in wheat was also accessed under an alkaline environment.Results revealed that the addition of FYM(5–10 ton ha^(-1))in Cd-contaminated soil significantly increased germination rate,leaf chlorophyll content,plant height,spike length,biological and grain yield amongst all applied organic amendments.Moreover,the addition of FYM(5–10 ton ha^(-1))also reduced the phytoavailability of Cd by 73–85%in the roots,57–83%in the shoots,and 81–90%in grains of wheat crop.Thus,it is affirmed that incorporation of FYM(5–10 ton ha^(-1))performed better to enhance wheat growth and yield by remediating Cd.Thus,the application of FYM(5–10 ton ha^(-1))reduced the toxicity induced by Cd to plants by declining its uptake and translocation as compared to all other applied organic amendments to immobilize Cd under sandy alkaline polluted soil.展开更多
With the surge of demand for instant high power in miniaturized electronic and mechanical systems,supercapacitors(SCs)are considered as one of the viable candidates to fulfill the requirements.Thus,long-term resilienc...With the surge of demand for instant high power in miniaturized electronic and mechanical systems,supercapacitors(SCs)are considered as one of the viable candidates to fulfill the requirements.Thus,long-term resilience and superior energy density associated with self-discharge in SCs are obviously critical,but securing electrode materials,which can meet both benefits of SCs and persist charged potential for a comparatively prolonged duration,are still elusive.Herein,hierarchically refined nickel-sulfide heterostructure(CuO-NS)on CuO(CO)scaffold is achieved through optimized film formation,exhibiting a threefold improvement in the essential electrochemical characteristics and outstanding capacitance retention(∼5%loss).Self-discharge behavior and its mechanism are systematically investigated via morphological control and nanostructural evolution.Furthermore,significant mitigation of self-discharge owing to an increase in surface area and refined nanostructure is displayed.Remarkably,CuO-NS2(20 cycle overcoating)based SC can retain over 60%of the charged potential for a complete voltage holding and a self-discharge test for 16 h.An appealing demonstration of wireless power transmission in burst mode is demonstrated for secure digital(SD)card data writing,powered by SCs,which substantiates that it can be readily leveraged in power management systems.This enables us to realize one of the envisioned applications soon.展开更多
With the surge of human population, the need for transportation of goods and people also concomitantly increases, resulting in urban air pollution through emission from motorized traffic especially in developing count...With the surge of human population, the need for transportation of goods and people also concomitantly increases, resulting in urban air pollution through emission from motorized traffic especially in developing countries. The extent of environmental pollution in an urban setting is significantly influenced by the pollutants of vehicular fuel combustion. Many effective measures are required in cities to sequester carbon thereby helping to reduce automobile pollution. Roadside greeneries can serve as ecological elements which reduce the concentration of pollutants from vehicular emissions by their direct involvement in absorbing vehicular emitted carbon. In this context, in this study an attempt has been taken to assess contribution of roadside greeneries in absorbing vehicular carbon dioxide emission. A case study has been conducted on arterial roads of mega city Dhaka to quantify the vehicular carbon emission and correlate it with roadside trees to absorb the emitted carbon dioxide. It is noted that in Dhaka city, carbon dioxide is accounted for more than ninety percent of air pollution. To achieve our goals, two busiest arterial roads (namely Mirpur Road and Rokeya Shoroni Road) were taken into account to quantify vehicular carbon emission as well as assess carbon absorption by roadside greeneries. Carbon absorption by different sizes of trees has been quantified using the amount of woody biomass. In addition, absorption by grass-shrubs-herbs has been quantified by the area they cover. The results thus obtained show that indeed the road with more side greeneries absorbs more vehicular emitted carbon dioxide. It is therefore evident that plantation of more roadside trees is an effective measure of reducing air pollution and consequently turning a city to become healthier and more suitable for living.展开更多
Urban greenspaces enhance human well-being and promote sustainable development in rapidly urbanizing regions by delivering vital ecosystem services,including cooling,air purification,and recreation.In China,where citi...Urban greenspaces enhance human well-being and promote sustainable development in rapidly urbanizing regions by delivering vital ecosystem services,including cooling,air purification,and recreation.In China,where cities accommodate a large share of the population amid persistent environmental pressures,disparities in greenspace exposure pose a major obstacle to equitable access;these disparities arise from geographic,climatic,socioeconomic,and landscape factors.Although awareness of such inequalities is growing,their long-term trajectories,demographic and city-scale patterns,and viable spatial optimization approaches remain largely unexplored.Here we show that greenspace exposure inequality across 246 Chinese cities increased by 25%from 2000 to 2020 and is projected to rise further by 12.2-15.7%by 2050 under middle-of-the-road and fossil-fueled development scenarios,disproportionately affecting older,less-educated women and megacity residents.Geodetector and random forest analyses reveal that this rise results from interactions among greenspace coverage,population density,and patch connectivity,which explain 83.9%of the inequality.A network-based optimization approach that improves patch connectivity—without expanding total greenspace—can reduce disparities by 10.3-20.8%,with greater efficacy in high-inequality cities and among vulnerable populations.Our results highlight how precise landscape interventions can advance social equity in greenspace access,supporting Sustainable Development Goal 11 for inclusive,resilient urban environments.展开更多
The use of renewable energy for hydrogen production through water electrolysis is a critical pathway for green hydrogen generation.Compared to pure water electrolysis,direct electrolysis of seawater offers several adv...The use of renewable energy for hydrogen production through water electrolysis is a critical pathway for green hydrogen generation.Compared to pure water electrolysis,direct electrolysis of seawater offers several advantages,such as raw material availability and application diversity.However,the complex composition of seawater presents significant technical challenges,particularly the competitive chloride oxidation reaction(ClOR)at the anode,which leads to equipment corrosion[1].展开更多
The misfolding and aggregation ofα-synuclein(α-syn)is closely associated with Parkinson’s disease(PD).Here,chiral dimanganese trioxide(Mn_(2)O_(3))nanoparticles(NPs)were prepared for PD treatment enhanced by a noni...The misfolding and aggregation ofα-synuclein(α-syn)is closely associated with Parkinson’s disease(PD).Here,chiral dimanganese trioxide(Mn_(2)O_(3))nanoparticles(NPs)were prepared for PD treatment enhanced by a noninvasive electromagnetic field(MF).The affinity constants of D-NPs towardα-syn monomer(mono)orα-syn fibril were 3.5 times or 5.2 times higher,respectively,than those of L-NPs,and the mechanical force generated by NPs under a MF further promoted the interaction between NPs andα-syn to amplify the difference between L-NPs and D-NPs.As the synergy effect of the preferentially affinity ability and MF-induced mechanical forces,D-NPs exhibited a better inhibitory efficiency onα-syn fibrillization than L-NPs.Furthermore,after differentially cellular uptake of L-/D-NPs via the caveolin-mediated pathway,as reactive oxygen species(ROS)-scavengers,D-NPs possess higher efficiency in decreasing intracellular ROS level than L-NPs to provide higher cytoprotective efficiency to neuron cells.In vivo data showed that after treatment with D-NPs under a MF for 60 days,α-syn concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid of PD mice decreased 81%,while dopamine level in the brain of PD mice increased 2.3-fold.These findings indicated the potential of utilizing the synergic interplay of chiral NPs and MF for treating disease and opened a new path to explore the nanoscale chirality for regulating the biological effect.展开更多
Within the agricultural sector,animal production contributes to 14.5%of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and produces around 37%of global CH_(4) emissions,mainly due to ruminal fermentation in ruminants.O...Within the agricultural sector,animal production contributes to 14.5%of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and produces around 37%of global CH_(4) emissions,mainly due to ruminal fermentation in ruminants.Over 90%of CH_(4) is synthesized by methanogens in the rumen during carbohydrate fermentation.According to different substrates,methanogenesis pathways can be divided into four categories:(1)hydrogenotrophic pathway;(2)acetoclastic pathway;(3)methyl dismutation pathway;and(4)methylreducing pathway.Based on the principle of biochemical reactions in the methanogenesis pathways,this paper reviews the latest publications on CH_(4) decreases in ruminants and described three nutritional strategies in terms of dietary nutrient manipulation(feeding management,feed composition,forage quality and lipids),microbial manipulation(ionophore,defaunation,methanogen inhibitors and probiotics),and chemical manipulation(nitrate,organic acids,plant secondary metabolites and phlorotannins,or halides in seaweeds).For each mitigation strategy,the review discusses effectiveness for decreasing CH_(4) emissions,application prescription,and feed safety based on results from in vitro and in vivo studies.This review summarizes different nutritional strategies to mitigate CH_(4) emissions and proposed comprehensive approaches for future feeding interventions and applications in the livestock industry.展开更多
Urban vegetation is a nature-based solution for cooling cities.Under global warming and urban population growth,it is essential to optimize urban vegetation configuration in the urban area to bring maximum cooling ben...Urban vegetation is a nature-based solution for cooling cities.Under global warming and urban population growth,it is essential to optimize urban vegetation configuration in the urban area to bring maximum cooling benefit.This paper reviews 85 optimized urban vegetation configuration studies published from 2010 to 2020 to provide an insight into the most effective vegetation configuration for urban heat mitigation.Patterns and preferences in methods and the optimized greenery configurations are comprehensively analyzed.The results indicate that size,quantity,and layout of urban green space and the physiological characteristics and spatial arrangement of urban vegetation significantly influence their cooling effect.Additionally,two other research gaps were identified.First,more research needs to be done in southern hemisphere cities experiencing rapid urbanization and severe impacts of extreme weather.Second,a comprehensive method for quantifying interactions and cumulative effects of natural and artificial factors in the urban environment is required.Future study needs a holistic understanding of the interactive effects of vegetation spatial distribution on urban environment and climate for a more accurate analysis of optimal cooling greening layouts in large urban areas at multi-scales.展开更多
Australian households are increasingly vulnerable to natural hazard-related disasters. To manage disaster risk, government commissioned inquiries have called for greater investment in mitigation. This article critical...Australian households are increasingly vulnerable to natural hazard-related disasters. To manage disaster risk, government commissioned inquiries have called for greater investment in mitigation. This article critically examines the call for a shift in funding priority towards pre-disaster mitigation measures, in the context of growing concerns around the ability of households to access and afford insurance. It examines mitigation measures in the context of three prominent Australian disasters: the Black Saturday bushfires(Victoria, 2009), the Queensland floods(2010–2011), and Cyclone Yasi(Queensland, 2011). We argue that as a mode of disaster security, mitigation operates as a complex assemblage of logics and practices of protection, preparedness, and resilience, which problematizes simplistic protection/resilience binaries. On the one hand, mitigation serves as a mode of protection, which underscores the dominant maladaptive rationality of insurance. It promises a collective solution to uninsurability that is limited by government fiscal constraints and growing employment of risk-reflective insurance pricing.On the other hand, there is evidence of an emergent rationality of household insurance as a path to resilience and preparedness—for example, in the development of insurance systems that price household retrofitting technologies and in the development of policyholder education campaigns. This resilience rationality holds the promise of securing individuals previously excluded from insurance.However, for householders lacking the necessary physical,cognitive, and financial capacities to make themselves and their properties resilient, the transition to a pre-disaster mitigation mode of security will likely do little to alleviate disadvantage and marginalization.展开更多
There are increasing concerns over the threat of nanoplastics to environmental and human health.However,multidisciplinary barriers persist between the communities assessing the risks to environmental and human health....There are increasing concerns over the threat of nanoplastics to environmental and human health.However,multidisciplinary barriers persist between the communities assessing the risks to environmental and human health.As a result,the hazards and risks of nanoplastics remain uncertain.Here,we identify key knowledge gaps by evaluating the exposure of nanoplastics in the environment,assessing their bio-nano interactions,and examining their potential risks to humans and the environment.We suggest considering nanoplastics a complex and dynamic mixture of polymers,additives,and contaminants,with interconnected risks to environmental and human health.We call for comprehensive integration of One Health approach to produce robust multidisciplinary evidence to nanoplastics threats at the planetary level.Although there are many challenges,this holistic approach incorporates the relevance of environmental exposure and multi-sectoral responses,which provide the opportunity to identify the risk mitigation strategies of nanoplastics to build resilient health systems.展开更多
Mitigation of the large scale yellow dust storm is a serious problem facing China. We propose the approach of building windbreak walls equipped with solar panels in the proximity of dust origins. The solar panels gene...Mitigation of the large scale yellow dust storm is a serious problem facing China. We propose the approach of building windbreak walls equipped with solar panels in the proximity of dust origins. The solar panels generate electricity in the sunny days; the walls break the wind and remove airborne dusts based on the impactor principle during wind storms. Preliminary calculation indicates the walls may be able to remove the major fraction of the airborne dusts and the generated electricity could be significant. More detailed studies are needed to prove the feasibility of the approach.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.U20A20182.
文摘As an effective strategy to address urban traffic congestion,traffic flow prediction has gained attention from Federated-Learning(FL)researchers due FL’s ability to preserving data privacy.However,existing methods face challenges:some are too simplistic to capture complex traffic patterns effectively,and others are overly complex,leading to excessive communication overhead between cloud and edge devices.Moreover,the problem of single point failure limits their robustness and reliability in real-world applications.To tackle these challenges,this paper proposes a new method,CMBA-FL,a Communication-Mitigated and Blockchain-Assisted Federated Learning model.First,CMBA-FL improves the client model’s ability to capture temporal traffic patterns by employing the Encoder-Decoder framework for each edge device.Second,to reduce the communication overhead during federated learning,we introduce a verification method based on parameter update consistency,avoiding unnecessary parameter updates.Third,to mitigate the risk of a single point of failure,we integrate consensus mechanisms from blockchain technology.To validate the effectiveness of CMBA-FL,we assess its performance on two widely used traffic datasets.Our experimental results show that CMBA-FL reduces prediction error by 11.46%,significantly lowers communication overhead,and improves security.
基金supported by an NIH grant to BOW (R01AR053293)the Van Andel Research Institutesupported in part by the National Research Foundation Singapore
文摘Dysregulated Wnt signaling is associated with the pathogenesis of cancers, fibrosis, and vascular diseases. Inhibition of Wnt signaling has shown efficacy in various pre-clinical models of these disorders. One of the key challenges in developing targeted anti-cancer drugs is to balance efficacy with on-target toxicity. Given the crucial role Wnts play in the differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, acute inhibition of Wnt signaling is likely to affect bone homeostasis. In this study, we evaluated the skeletal effect of small molecule inhibitor of an o-acyl transferase porcupine（PORCN） that prevents Wnt signaling by blocking the secretion of all Wnts. Micro-computed tomography and histomorphometric evaluation revealed that the bones of mice treated with two structurally distinct PORCN inhibitors LGK974 and ETC-1922159（ETC-159） had loss-of-bone volume and density within 4 weeks of exposure. This decreased bone mass was associated with a significant increase in adipocytes within the bone marrow. Notably,simultaneous administration of a clinically approved anti-resorptive, alendronate, a member of the bisphosphonate family,mitigated loss-of-bone mass seen upon ETC-159 treatment by regulating activity of osteoclasts and blocking accumulation of bone marrow adipocytes. Our results support the addition of bone protective agents when treating patients with PORCN inhibitors.Mitigation of bone toxicity can extend the therapeutic utility of Wnt pathway inhibitors.
基金supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China[81520108001,81700043]the 973 Key Scheme of China[2015CB553406]+2 种基金Guangdong Province Universities and Colleges Pearl River Scholar Funded Scheme(2014,W Lu)Guangzhou Department of Education for Innovative Team[13C08]Guangdong Natural Science Foundation[2016A030313593]
文摘This three-year study, based on the Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease （GRID）, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） Biobank, was conducted in 36 COPD patients to estimate whether changes in levels of leukocytes, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and platelets were related to changes in air pollutant concentration. Daily NO2 levels exhibited significant differences between baseline years and the 2010 Asian Game period. We observed significant reductions in leukocyte and neutrophils counts levels, by 15.51% and 23.01%, from pre-Asian Games to during-Asian Games, respectively. In the post-Asian Game period, most pollutants approximated pre-Asian Game period levels, and similar effects were demonstrated in leukocyte and neutrophil counts. For both items, we identified significant increases resulting from elevated NO2 at lag days 0-2/5-6. We concluded that reductions in pollutants during the intervention period were associated with inactivation of hematological events in COPD.
文摘The surface subsidence process associated with Iongwall mining operations is often capable of causing disturbances to various surface structures.Inadequate consid- erations of the subsidence influences could result in poor public relation with local resi- dents and regulatory agencies,uneconomic operations,hazardous conditions,etc.A sys- tematic approach to assess and mitigate influences caused by Iongwall subsidence had been developed and adopted to minimize the severity of these potential problems.The approach included accurate prediction of final and dynamic surface movements and de- formations,assessment of the severities and locations of the potential disturbances,and design and implementation of proper mitigation measures.The approach had been suc- cessfully applied at many Iongwall mining companies on numerous and various residential farming,public and industrial structures.As a matter of fact,the state of Pennsylvania,the state with largest number of Iongwall mines and highest Iongwall production in U.S.,would like to use such approach as the standards in dealing with Iongwall subsidence cases.
文摘As Egyptian oil and gas downstream information technology has grown digitally over the past decade, security breaches against these digitally connected systems have also increased. These cyber security threats could have devastating effects on the operations and reputation of these companies. Preventing such cyberattacks is crucial. Especially, with the significance of the Egyptian oil and gas downstream sector to the local economy and the fact that many of these connected systems are sometimes managed remotely. This paper examines the value of the ISO 27001 standard in mitigating the effect of cyber threat and seeks to inspire decision-makers to the importance of the proactive measures to strengthen their organization’s cybersecurity posture and protect information critical assets. The study stresses the importance of improving the local educational system to bridge the gap between supply and demand for cybersecurity specialists by implementing a structured approach that emphasizes behavior modification to get a high return on investment in cybersecurity awareness.
基金This work was supported by a Start-up grant from CTAHR University of Hawaii at Manoa,and USDA Multistate(2052R)to B.M.Apart from providing funds,these organizations were not involved in any experimental procedure and manuscript preparation.
文摘Background:Heat stress is a significant problem in the poultry industry,causing a severe economic loss due to its detrimental effects on chickens’health and performance.Dried plum(DP)is a good source of minerals,vitamins,antioxidants,and phenolic compounds.Studies have suggested that DP has several health benefits,such as maintaining the body’s redox system,immune status,and calcium hemostasis.Based on the health benefits of DP,we hypothesized that the dietary supplementation of DP would alleviate the detrimental effects of heat stress on broiler chickens.Results:To test the hypothesis,day-old broiler chicks(n=72)were randomly allocated to three treatment groups(n=24/group):no heat stress(NHS),heat stress(HS),and heat stress with dried plum(HS+DP),and reared under standard conditions.The inclusion of 2.5%DP in the feed of the HS+DP group was made during the treatment period,while birds in other groups were provided with a standard finisher diet.After 21 days,birds in the HS and HS+DP groups were exposed to cyclic heat stress conditions(33℃ for 8 h during daytime)for 3 weeks,while those in the NHS group were reared under normal conditions(22-24℃).Weekly body weight and feed intake were recorded to calculate the average daily gain(ADG),average daily feed intake(ADFI),and feed conversion ratio(FCR).Heat stress significantly decreased the final body weight,ADG,ADFI,and increased FCR compared to the NHS group,whereas dietary supplementation of DP significantly improved these growth performance parameters compared to the HS group.Furthermore,supplementation of DP significantly increased the expression of heat shock protein-related genes(HSF1,HSF3,HSP70,and HSP90),antioxidant-related genes(SOD1,SOD2,GPX1,GPX3,PRDX1,and TXN),tight junction-related genes(CLDN1,and OCLN),and immune-related genes(IL4,MUC2)in the ileum as compared to the HS group.The microbiota analysis showed significant enrichment of Bacillales,Christensenellaceae,Bacillaceae,Peptostreptococcaceae,and Anaerotruncus in heat-stressed birds supplemented with DP as compared to the HS group.Further,DP supplementation also significantly increased the concentration of acetate,propionate,and total VFA in the cecal digesta of the HS+DP group as compared to the HS group.Conclusion:These findings suggest that DP supplementation effectively improved the growth performances and gut health parameters in the heat-stressed birds.Thus,dried plum can be a potential feed supplement to mitigate heat stress in broiler chickens.
基金This study was funded by the Quebec Ministry of Forests,Wildlife,and Parks(contrats de service de recherche forestier 142332156-2018-A and 142332174-E:PI:E.Thiffault)by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council through a Discovery Grant to E.Thiffault(grant number RGPIN-2018-05755).
文摘Background:Forest based climate mitigation emerged as a key component of the Paris Agreement,and thus re-quires robust science to reduce uncertainties related to such strategies.The aim of this study was to assess and compare the cumulative effects on carbon dynamics of forest management and climate change on boreal and northern temperate forest sector in eastern Canada for the 2020–2100 period.Methods:We used the spatially explicit forest landscape model LANDIS-II and its extension Forest Carbon Suc-cession,in conjunction with the Carbon Budget Model for Harvested Wood Products framework.We simulated the dynamics of forest composition and carbon flows from forest ecosystems to wood products and their substitution effect on markets under increasing climate forcing,according to a tonne-year approach.Simulations were con-ducted for a series of forest management scenarios based on realistic practices principally by clearcut in the boreal territory and continuous-cover forestry in the northern temperate one.These scenarios included:i)a business-as-usual scenario(BaU),representing the current management strategy,ii)increased harvesting by 6.3%to 13.9%,iii)increased conservation(i.e.reduced harvesting by 11.1%to 49.8%),iiii)and a scenario representing the natural evolution of the forest landscape(i.e.without any management activity).Results:Our study revealed that increasing harvesting levels had contrasting effects on the mitigation potential in northern temperate(enhance net sequestration)and boreal forest sector(enhance net emissions)in comparison to the BaU from 2040 onwards,regardless of the future climate.Carbon storage in wood products and the substi-tution effect were not sufficient to offset carbon emissions from ecosystems.Moreover,climate change had a strong impact on the capacity of both landscapes to act as carbon sinks.Northern temperate landscapes became a net source of carbon over time due to their greater vulnerability to climate change than boreal landscapes.Conclusions:Our study highlights the need to consider the initial landscape characteristics in simulations to maximize the mitigation potential of alternative forest management strategies.The optimal management solution can be very different according to the characteristics of forest ecosystems.This opens the possibility of optimizing management for specific forest stands,with the objective of maximizing the mitigation potential of a given landscape.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12035019,11690041,and 62004221)。
文摘Three-dimensional(3 D)TCAD simulations demonstrate that reducing the distance between the well boundary and N-channel metal-oxide semiconductor(NMOS)transistor or P-channel metal-oxide semiconductor(PMOS)transistor can mitigate the cross section of single event upset(SEU)in 14-nm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor(CMOS)bulk Fin FET technology.The competition of charge collection between well boundary and sensitive nodes,the enhanced restoring currents and the change of bipolar effect are responsible for the decrease of SEU cross section.Unlike dualinterlock cell(DICE)design,this approach is more effective under heavy ion irradiation of higher LET,in the presence of enough taps to ensure the rapid recovery of well potential.Besides,the feasibility of this method and its effectiveness with feature size scaling down are discussed.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62275235).
文摘A numerical model based on measured fictive temperature distributions is explored to evaluate the residual stress fields of CO_(2)laser-annealed mitigated fused silica damage sites.The proposed model extracts the residual strain from the differences in thermoelastic contraction of fused silica with different fictive temperatures from the initial frozen-in temperatures to ambient temperature.The residual stress fields of mitigated damage sites for the CO_(2)laser-annealed case are obtained by a finite element analysis of equilibrium equations and constitutive equations.The simulated results indicate that the proposed model can accurately evaluate the residual stress fields of laser-annealed mitigated damage sites with a complex thermal history.The calculated maximum hoop stress is in good agreement with the reported experimental result.The estimated optical retardance profiles from the calculated radial and hoop stress fields are consistent with the photoelastic measurements.These results provide sufficient evidence to demonstrate the suitability of the proposed model for describing the residual stresses of mitigated fused silica damage sites after CO_(2)laser annealing.
基金funded by the Researchers Supporting Project No.(RSP-2021/390),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘In soil biota,higher and enduring concentration of heavy metals like cadmium(Cd)is hazardous and associated with great loss in growth,yield,and quality parameters of most of the crop plants.Recently,in-situ applications of eco-friendly stabilizing agents in the form of organic modifications have been utilized to mitigate the adverse effects of Cd-toxicity.This controlled experiment was laid down to appraise the imprints of various applied organic amendments namely poultry manure(PM),farmyard manure(FYM),and sugarcane press mud(PS)to immobilize Cd in polluted soil.Moreover,phytoavailability of Cd in wheat was also accessed under an alkaline environment.Results revealed that the addition of FYM(5–10 ton ha^(-1))in Cd-contaminated soil significantly increased germination rate,leaf chlorophyll content,plant height,spike length,biological and grain yield amongst all applied organic amendments.Moreover,the addition of FYM(5–10 ton ha^(-1))also reduced the phytoavailability of Cd by 73–85%in the roots,57–83%in the shoots,and 81–90%in grains of wheat crop.Thus,it is affirmed that incorporation of FYM(5–10 ton ha^(-1))performed better to enhance wheat growth and yield by remediating Cd.Thus,the application of FYM(5–10 ton ha^(-1))reduced the toxicity induced by Cd to plants by declining its uptake and translocation as compared to all other applied organic amendments to immobilize Cd under sandy alkaline polluted soil.
基金supported by the Incheon National University Research Grant in 2022,Incheon,Republic of Korea.
文摘With the surge of demand for instant high power in miniaturized electronic and mechanical systems,supercapacitors(SCs)are considered as one of the viable candidates to fulfill the requirements.Thus,long-term resilience and superior energy density associated with self-discharge in SCs are obviously critical,but securing electrode materials,which can meet both benefits of SCs and persist charged potential for a comparatively prolonged duration,are still elusive.Herein,hierarchically refined nickel-sulfide heterostructure(CuO-NS)on CuO(CO)scaffold is achieved through optimized film formation,exhibiting a threefold improvement in the essential electrochemical characteristics and outstanding capacitance retention(∼5%loss).Self-discharge behavior and its mechanism are systematically investigated via morphological control and nanostructural evolution.Furthermore,significant mitigation of self-discharge owing to an increase in surface area and refined nanostructure is displayed.Remarkably,CuO-NS2(20 cycle overcoating)based SC can retain over 60%of the charged potential for a complete voltage holding and a self-discharge test for 16 h.An appealing demonstration of wireless power transmission in burst mode is demonstrated for secure digital(SD)card data writing,powered by SCs,which substantiates that it can be readily leveraged in power management systems.This enables us to realize one of the envisioned applications soon.
文摘With the surge of human population, the need for transportation of goods and people also concomitantly increases, resulting in urban air pollution through emission from motorized traffic especially in developing countries. The extent of environmental pollution in an urban setting is significantly influenced by the pollutants of vehicular fuel combustion. Many effective measures are required in cities to sequester carbon thereby helping to reduce automobile pollution. Roadside greeneries can serve as ecological elements which reduce the concentration of pollutants from vehicular emissions by their direct involvement in absorbing vehicular emitted carbon. In this context, in this study an attempt has been taken to assess contribution of roadside greeneries in absorbing vehicular carbon dioxide emission. A case study has been conducted on arterial roads of mega city Dhaka to quantify the vehicular carbon emission and correlate it with roadside trees to absorb the emitted carbon dioxide. It is noted that in Dhaka city, carbon dioxide is accounted for more than ninety percent of air pollution. To achieve our goals, two busiest arterial roads (namely Mirpur Road and Rokeya Shoroni Road) were taken into account to quantify vehicular carbon emission as well as assess carbon absorption by roadside greeneries. Carbon absorption by different sizes of trees has been quantified using the amount of woody biomass. In addition, absorption by grass-shrubs-herbs has been quantified by the area they cover. The results thus obtained show that indeed the road with more side greeneries absorbs more vehicular emitted carbon dioxide. It is therefore evident that plantation of more roadside trees is an effective measure of reducing air pollution and consequently turning a city to become healthier and more suitable for living.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos U24A20583,42230510,42271246,42371253).
文摘Urban greenspaces enhance human well-being and promote sustainable development in rapidly urbanizing regions by delivering vital ecosystem services,including cooling,air purification,and recreation.In China,where cities accommodate a large share of the population amid persistent environmental pressures,disparities in greenspace exposure pose a major obstacle to equitable access;these disparities arise from geographic,climatic,socioeconomic,and landscape factors.Although awareness of such inequalities is growing,their long-term trajectories,demographic and city-scale patterns,and viable spatial optimization approaches remain largely unexplored.Here we show that greenspace exposure inequality across 246 Chinese cities increased by 25%from 2000 to 2020 and is projected to rise further by 12.2-15.7%by 2050 under middle-of-the-road and fossil-fueled development scenarios,disproportionately affecting older,less-educated women and megacity residents.Geodetector and random forest analyses reveal that this rise results from interactions among greenspace coverage,population density,and patch connectivity,which explain 83.9%of the inequality.A network-based optimization approach that improves patch connectivity—without expanding total greenspace—can reduce disparities by 10.3-20.8%,with greater efficacy in high-inequality cities and among vulnerable populations.Our results highlight how precise landscape interventions can advance social equity in greenspace access,supporting Sustainable Development Goal 11 for inclusive,resilient urban environments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22202205 and 22209170)XMIREM Autonomously Deployment Project,China(Nos.2023CX14,2023GG01)+4 种基金Self-deployment Project Research Program of Haixi Institutes,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Nos.CXZX-2022-GH03,CXZX-2024-JQ02)Major Science and Technology Program of Xiamen,China(No.3502Z20231054)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(Grant Nos.2022J01502 and 2024J01185)STS Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,China(No.2023T3071)Natural Science Foundation of Xiamen,China(No.3502Z20227256).
文摘The use of renewable energy for hydrogen production through water electrolysis is a critical pathway for green hydrogen generation.Compared to pure water electrolysis,direct electrolysis of seawater offers several advantages,such as raw material availability and application diversity.However,the complex composition of seawater presents significant technical challenges,particularly the competitive chloride oxidation reaction(ClOR)at the anode,which leads to equipment corrosion[1].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32071400,51902136)
文摘The misfolding and aggregation ofα-synuclein(α-syn)is closely associated with Parkinson’s disease(PD).Here,chiral dimanganese trioxide(Mn_(2)O_(3))nanoparticles(NPs)were prepared for PD treatment enhanced by a noninvasive electromagnetic field(MF).The affinity constants of D-NPs towardα-syn monomer(mono)orα-syn fibril were 3.5 times or 5.2 times higher,respectively,than those of L-NPs,and the mechanical force generated by NPs under a MF further promoted the interaction between NPs andα-syn to amplify the difference between L-NPs and D-NPs.As the synergy effect of the preferentially affinity ability and MF-induced mechanical forces,D-NPs exhibited a better inhibitory efficiency onα-syn fibrillization than L-NPs.Furthermore,after differentially cellular uptake of L-/D-NPs via the caveolin-mediated pathway,as reactive oxygen species(ROS)-scavengers,D-NPs possess higher efficiency in decreasing intracellular ROS level than L-NPs to provide higher cytoprotective efficiency to neuron cells.In vivo data showed that after treatment with D-NPs under a MF for 60 days,α-syn concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid of PD mice decreased 81%,while dopamine level in the brain of PD mice increased 2.3-fold.These findings indicated the potential of utilizing the synergic interplay of chiral NPs and MF for treating disease and opened a new path to explore the nanoscale chirality for regulating the biological effect.
基金funded by National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1304201)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32102573).
文摘Within the agricultural sector,animal production contributes to 14.5%of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and produces around 37%of global CH_(4) emissions,mainly due to ruminal fermentation in ruminants.Over 90%of CH_(4) is synthesized by methanogens in the rumen during carbohydrate fermentation.According to different substrates,methanogenesis pathways can be divided into four categories:(1)hydrogenotrophic pathway;(2)acetoclastic pathway;(3)methyl dismutation pathway;and(4)methylreducing pathway.Based on the principle of biochemical reactions in the methanogenesis pathways,this paper reviews the latest publications on CH_(4) decreases in ruminants and described three nutritional strategies in terms of dietary nutrient manipulation(feeding management,feed composition,forage quality and lipids),microbial manipulation(ionophore,defaunation,methanogen inhibitors and probiotics),and chemical manipulation(nitrate,organic acids,plant secondary metabolites and phlorotannins,or halides in seaweeds).For each mitigation strategy,the review discusses effectiveness for decreasing CH_(4) emissions,application prescription,and feed safety based on results from in vitro and in vivo studies.This review summarizes different nutritional strategies to mitigate CH_(4) emissions and proposed comprehensive approaches for future feeding interventions and applications in the livestock industry.
基金The research is based on a PhD program of James Cook University(JCU)and partly supported by James Cook University Postgraduate Research Scholarship(JCUPRS)and the College of Science and Engineering Competitive Research Training Grant(CRTG)of JCU.
文摘Urban vegetation is a nature-based solution for cooling cities.Under global warming and urban population growth,it is essential to optimize urban vegetation configuration in the urban area to bring maximum cooling benefit.This paper reviews 85 optimized urban vegetation configuration studies published from 2010 to 2020 to provide an insight into the most effective vegetation configuration for urban heat mitigation.Patterns and preferences in methods and the optimized greenery configurations are comprehensively analyzed.The results indicate that size,quantity,and layout of urban green space and the physiological characteristics and spatial arrangement of urban vegetation significantly influence their cooling effect.Additionally,two other research gaps were identified.First,more research needs to be done in southern hemisphere cities experiencing rapid urbanization and severe impacts of extreme weather.Second,a comprehensive method for quantifying interactions and cumulative effects of natural and artificial factors in the urban environment is required.Future study needs a holistic understanding of the interactive effects of vegetation spatial distribution on urban environment and climate for a more accurate analysis of optimal cooling greening layouts in large urban areas at multi-scales.
基金funded by the Australian Research Council (DP170100096)
文摘Australian households are increasingly vulnerable to natural hazard-related disasters. To manage disaster risk, government commissioned inquiries have called for greater investment in mitigation. This article critically examines the call for a shift in funding priority towards pre-disaster mitigation measures, in the context of growing concerns around the ability of households to access and afford insurance. It examines mitigation measures in the context of three prominent Australian disasters: the Black Saturday bushfires(Victoria, 2009), the Queensland floods(2010–2011), and Cyclone Yasi(Queensland, 2011). We argue that as a mode of disaster security, mitigation operates as a complex assemblage of logics and practices of protection, preparedness, and resilience, which problematizes simplistic protection/resilience binaries. On the one hand, mitigation serves as a mode of protection, which underscores the dominant maladaptive rationality of insurance. It promises a collective solution to uninsurability that is limited by government fiscal constraints and growing employment of risk-reflective insurance pricing.On the other hand, there is evidence of an emergent rationality of household insurance as a path to resilience and preparedness—for example, in the development of insurance systems that price household retrofitting technologies and in the development of policyholder education campaigns. This resilience rationality holds the promise of securing individuals previously excluded from insurance.However, for householders lacking the necessary physical,cognitive, and financial capacities to make themselves and their properties resilient, the transition to a pre-disaster mitigation mode of security will likely do little to alleviate disadvantage and marginalization.
基金supported by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(2020314)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41977355)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M703303)the USDA Hatch program(MAS 00549).
文摘There are increasing concerns over the threat of nanoplastics to environmental and human health.However,multidisciplinary barriers persist between the communities assessing the risks to environmental and human health.As a result,the hazards and risks of nanoplastics remain uncertain.Here,we identify key knowledge gaps by evaluating the exposure of nanoplastics in the environment,assessing their bio-nano interactions,and examining their potential risks to humans and the environment.We suggest considering nanoplastics a complex and dynamic mixture of polymers,additives,and contaminants,with interconnected risks to environmental and human health.We call for comprehensive integration of One Health approach to produce robust multidisciplinary evidence to nanoplastics threats at the planetary level.Although there are many challenges,this holistic approach incorporates the relevance of environmental exposure and multi-sectoral responses,which provide the opportunity to identify the risk mitigation strategies of nanoplastics to build resilient health systems.
文摘Mitigation of the large scale yellow dust storm is a serious problem facing China. We propose the approach of building windbreak walls equipped with solar panels in the proximity of dust origins. The solar panels generate electricity in the sunny days; the walls break the wind and remove airborne dusts based on the impactor principle during wind storms. Preliminary calculation indicates the walls may be able to remove the major fraction of the airborne dusts and the generated electricity could be significant. More detailed studies are needed to prove the feasibility of the approach.
