Mires in boreal area had proved to be an important dissolved organic carbon （DOC） reserve for the sensitivity to climate change and human interfering. The study was focused on the temporal and spatial dynamics and c...Mires in boreal area had proved to be an important dissolved organic carbon （DOC） reserve for the sensitivity to climate change and human interfering. The study was focused on the temporal and spatial dynamics and controlling factors of DOC in a seasonallywaterlogged mire （SLM） and perennially-waterlogged mire （PLM） in the Sanjiang Plain, Northest China. In the two mires, DOC concentrations in both surface water and upper soil strata experienced pronounced seasonal variation. DOC concentrations in the surface waters were the greatest and averagely was 47.82 in SLM and 34.84 mg/L and PLM, whereas that in soil water at 0.3-m depth had little difference （20.25 mg/L in SLM and 26.51 mg/L in PLM）. Results revealed that DOC concentrations declined 5-8 times vertically from the surface down to groundwater. DOC in the groundwater only was in a very small part with the average concentration of 5.18 mg/L. In relation to the surface water, DOC concentrations varied positively with temperature just before 8 August, and only in early spring and later autumn DOC concentrations exhibited identifiable spatial trends along with standing water depths in PLM. It was supposed that the influences from standing water depth took effect only in conditions of low temperature, and temperature should be the most powerful factor controlling DOC dynamics in the mires. Redox potential （Red） showed negative relationship with DOC values while total nitrogen （TN） and the majority of free ions in the soil solution exhibited no relationship. High soil TOC/TN ratio and low redox potentials also led to DOC accumulation in the mires in the Sanjiang Plain.展开更多
The northeast region is one of the principal mire distribution regions in China. According to the process of peat formation and accumulation , middle geomorphology type controlling water source supplement and the plan...The northeast region is one of the principal mire distribution regions in China. According to the process of peat formation and accumulation , middle geomorphology type controlling water source supplement and the plant cover, 2 types, 10 subtypes and 27 mire bodies are divided. The mire area decreases gradually from north to south. There is more peat mire in the mountain and there is mainly gley mire without peat in the plain. The paper also explains the mire types in the principal mire distribution region and the utilization of mire in the fields of agriculture, forest, animal husbandry. The mire is a wetland ecosystem. It can reserve a lot of water, adjust rivers, humidify air. Thereby , attention must be paid to protecting ecological balance in the process of reclaiming mire and the mire protection.展开更多
A mire as an ecosystem, usually is considered as an aquatic ecosystem,or a terrestrial ecosystem. The author thinks that mire is a special ecosystem between these two ecosystems, and proposes the new concept that a mi...A mire as an ecosystem, usually is considered as an aquatic ecosystem,or a terrestrial ecosystem. The author thinks that mire is a special ecosystem between these two ecosystems, and proposes the new concept that a mire is a natural ecosystem with transitional nature of semi-water and semi-land formed by water and land interaction. The paper discusses the nature of the mire ecosystem, the exploitation and utilization and ecological construction of a mire.展开更多
A method has been developed for estimating the filtered narrow band surface albedo with Landsat/TM date. In this method, the surface albedo from fitered range of Landsat/TM is converted to the surface albedo with unfi...A method has been developed for estimating the filtered narrow band surface albedo with Landsat/TM date. In this method, the surface albedo from fitered range of Landsat/TM is converted to the surface albedo with unfiltered spcectral range. The atmospheric effects on each channel are systematically different, because of the different spectral behavior of atmospheric parameters.As a result, in this study, atmospheric correction has ho done respectively in different parameters for visible and infrared channels. The surface albedos of the Kushiro Mire gotten with this method were compared with the observed date there. The results show that the satellite inferred albedos have a good agreement tO the diurnal mean of ground observed albedos with 3% systematic error. There is a seasonal variation of albedo in high and low mires, the albedo decreased gradually from April to July and reached its minimum in July, further it rose gradually from August to October. It is also clear that there is a characteristic pattern of surface distribution according to the vegetation types of this area. The average surface albedos of each type of community are 0.164 for Sphagnum, 0.175 for Carex, 0.179 for Pragmites and 0.166 for Alnus. In the other words, the albedo in high mire (mainly covered by Sphagnum) is lower than that in low mire (mainly covered by phragmites and Carex).展开更多
Qinghai Lake is located in the northeastern Qinghai Xizang(Tibet) Plateau. It is an especially big light saltwater lake. The mire meadow in Qinghai Lake drainage area is an eco system which is affected by the eco ...Qinghai Lake is located in the northeastern Qinghai Xizang(Tibet) Plateau. It is an especially big light saltwater lake. The mire meadow in Qinghai Lake drainage area is an eco system which is affected by the eco environment factors. Its formation, development and temporal and spatial distribution law are decided by a few main meteorological factors in the eco environment to a certain extent. The main meteorological factors are ≥10℃ accumulated temperature, precipitation from May to September and annual humidity coefficient. The mathematical model of the mire wetland rate and the main meteorological factors is given by multivariate linear regression in the paper.展开更多
Mire is the product of the Quaternary. It mostly formed, developed and declined after the postglacial age. Therefore the chemical element analysis, spore-pollen analysis, 14C dating, mire plant determination for mire ...Mire is the product of the Quaternary. It mostly formed, developed and declined after the postglacial age. Therefore the chemical element analysis, spore-pollen analysis, 14C dating, mire plant determination for mire sediment, and the study on hierarchy relation of mire sediment, can provide a lot of information for restoring paleogeography, paleoclimate and environmental change. So some people called mire sediment-peat as 'database of environment'.展开更多
The southern part of the Qinghai Xizang (Tibet) Plateau and its adjacent area are rich in mire flora. There are 51 families, 101 genera and 220 species. The geographical compositions of this region are very complex, ...The southern part of the Qinghai Xizang (Tibet) Plateau and its adjacent area are rich in mire flora. There are 51 families, 101 genera and 220 species. The geographical compositions of this region are very complex, consisting of the following geographical elements: tropic subtropic elements approximating to 8.33% of the entire flora in the region, tropic temperate elements 22.71%, temperate elements 43.18%, cosmopolitan elements 9.85%, the Qinghai Xizang endemic elements 14.39%, north polemountain elements 1.51%. Temperate elements in this region are dominant. The dominant species of mires, Carex lasiocarpa, in this region is also found in northeast China, Finland and North America. The origin of mires of this region is earlier than northeast China and Finland. This shows that the southern part of the Qinghai Xizang Plateau and its adjacent areas may be the centre of the origin and distribution of temperate elements.展开更多
Soil macroinvertebrates as ecosystem engineers play significant, but largely ignored, roles in affecting mercury(Hg) cycle by altering soil physical-chemical properties. Ant is likely expanded into boreal mires with c...Soil macroinvertebrates as ecosystem engineers play significant, but largely ignored, roles in affecting mercury(Hg) cycle by altering soil physical-chemical properties. Ant is likely expanded into boreal mires with climate warming, however, its impacts on Hg cycle remained poorly understood. We compared total Hg(THg) and methylmercury(Me Hg) contents in soils from antmounds( Lasius flavus) and the nearby ambient in a boreal mire in Northeast China. The present work seeks to unravel factors that controlling Me Hg levels in case of ant appearance or absence. The average THg was 179 μg/kg in the ant mound and was 106.1 μg/kg in nearby soils, respectively. The average Me Hg was 10.9 μg/kg in the ant mound and was 12.9 μg/kg in nearby soils, respectively. The ratios of Me Hg to THg(%Me Hg) were 7.61% in ant mounds and 16.75% in nearby soils, respectively. Ant colonization caused THg enrichment and Me Hg depletion, and this change was obvious in the 10-20 cm depth soil layer where ants mainly inhabited. Spectrometry characteristics of soil dissolved organic matter(DOM) exert a stronger control than microorganisms on Me Hg variation in soils. A structural equation model revealed that the molecular weight of DOM inhibited Me Hg irrespective of ant presence or absence, while humification conducive to Me Hg significantly in ant mound soils. Microorganisms mainly affected Hg methylation by altering the molecular weight and humification of DOM. We propose that the effects of ant colonization on Me Hg rested on DOM feature variations caused by microorganisms in boreal mires.展开更多
Relationship between volcanic activity and vegetation change with special reference to chemical environmental change in soil by volcanic activity has been investigated in Tadewara mire in the Aso-Kujyu volcano area, s...Relationship between volcanic activity and vegetation change with special reference to chemical environmental change in soil by volcanic activity has been investigated in Tadewara mire in the Aso-Kujyu volcano area, south western Japan. A core of 420.0 cm depth was collected for peat forming plants analysis and chemical analysis. A distinct peak of sulfur content in peat core was found at the depth of 105.0-115.0 cm. Chronological changes of dominant species within the peat forming plants community showed both progressive and retrogressive successions. Vegetation change of Tadewara mire within recent 1000 years showed retrogressive succession from Sphagnum community to Moliniopsis and Phragmites communities after the sulfur compound deposition, whereas vegetation showed progressive succession after the deposition of sulfur became smaller. Enrichment of sulfur in sediment core appeared over the water impermeable layer with clay texture on volcanic ash horizon, and then vegetation change could be induced by the paludification caused by the clay layer. Deposition of volcanic ash layer and the following formation of water impermeable layer were dated at 970 ＋ 40 yBP by 14C dating data, and it corresponded to the eruption of Mount Kurotake recorded at 980 ＋ 30 yBP. Retrogressive succession can be the result of hydrological change rather than direct chemical changes in soil.展开更多
S:Understanding how surface energy fluxes respond to environmental variables and how their components vary on daily and seasonal temporal scales are critical for understanding the ecological process of wetland ecosyst...S:Understanding how surface energy fluxes respond to environmental variables and how their components vary on daily and seasonal temporal scales are critical for understanding the ecological process of wetland ecosystem. In view of the fact that studies on surface energy flux over mire in China have been very limited, we have initiated a long-term latent and sensible heat flux (two main components of the surface energy balance) observation over mire in the Sanjiang Plain from June to October in 2004 with the eddy covariance technique. Results showed that the latent and sensible heat flux had large seasonal and diurnal variation during the period of measurement. Generally, latent heat flux between the mire wetland and the atmosphere reached the maximum value in June and then gradually decreased from June to October, whose daily mean fluxes were 9.83,8.00,7.33, 4.82 and 2.04 MJ/(m^2·d), respectively. By comparison, sensible heat flux changed unnoticeably with season change from June to October, which were 1.47,0.88,1.75, 1.61,1.33 MJ/(m^2·d) respectively. The diurnal variation of both latent and sensible heat flux varied noticeably within a day. After the sunrise, the latent and sensible heat flux increased and reached the maximum at noon (11:00-13:00). Then they decreased gradually and reached the minimum value during the nighttime. The patterns of temporal variation in latent and sensible heat flux were significantly controlled by environmental factors. The latent heat flux was linearly dependent on net radiation and increased with increasing vapour pressure deficit until the vapour pressure deficit surpassed 11 hPa. Wind speed effect on latent heat flux was more complicated and, in general, showed a positive correlation between them in daytime. The sensible heat flux was controlled mainly by air temperature difference between the land surface and the overlying air. However, when the temperature difference was larger than 0.3 ℃, it had no effect on the sensible heat flux. The study showed up the temporal variation of latent and sensible heat flux and how the environmental factors affected them.展开更多
基金founded by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No.40701001,40771189)the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.KZCX2-YW-JC301)
文摘Mires in boreal area had proved to be an important dissolved organic carbon （DOC） reserve for the sensitivity to climate change and human interfering. The study was focused on the temporal and spatial dynamics and controlling factors of DOC in a seasonallywaterlogged mire （SLM） and perennially-waterlogged mire （PLM） in the Sanjiang Plain, Northest China. In the two mires, DOC concentrations in both surface water and upper soil strata experienced pronounced seasonal variation. DOC concentrations in the surface waters were the greatest and averagely was 47.82 in SLM and 34.84 mg/L and PLM, whereas that in soil water at 0.3-m depth had little difference （20.25 mg/L in SLM and 26.51 mg/L in PLM）. Results revealed that DOC concentrations declined 5-8 times vertically from the surface down to groundwater. DOC in the groundwater only was in a very small part with the average concentration of 5.18 mg/L. In relation to the surface water, DOC concentrations varied positively with temperature just before 8 August, and only in early spring and later autumn DOC concentrations exhibited identifiable spatial trends along with standing water depths in PLM. It was supposed that the influences from standing water depth took effect only in conditions of low temperature, and temperature should be the most powerful factor controlling DOC dynamics in the mires. Redox potential （Red） showed negative relationship with DOC values while total nitrogen （TN） and the majority of free ions in the soil solution exhibited no relationship. High soil TOC/TN ratio and low redox potentials also led to DOC accumulation in the mires in the Sanjiang Plain.
文摘The northeast region is one of the principal mire distribution regions in China. According to the process of peat formation and accumulation , middle geomorphology type controlling water source supplement and the plant cover, 2 types, 10 subtypes and 27 mire bodies are divided. The mire area decreases gradually from north to south. There is more peat mire in the mountain and there is mainly gley mire without peat in the plain. The paper also explains the mire types in the principal mire distribution region and the utilization of mire in the fields of agriculture, forest, animal husbandry. The mire is a wetland ecosystem. It can reserve a lot of water, adjust rivers, humidify air. Thereby , attention must be paid to protecting ecological balance in the process of reclaiming mire and the mire protection.
文摘A mire as an ecosystem, usually is considered as an aquatic ecosystem,or a terrestrial ecosystem. The author thinks that mire is a special ecosystem between these two ecosystems, and proposes the new concept that a mire is a natural ecosystem with transitional nature of semi-water and semi-land formed by water and land interaction. The paper discusses the nature of the mire ecosystem, the exploitation and utilization and ecological construction of a mire.
文摘A method has been developed for estimating the filtered narrow band surface albedo with Landsat/TM date. In this method, the surface albedo from fitered range of Landsat/TM is converted to the surface albedo with unfiltered spcectral range. The atmospheric effects on each channel are systematically different, because of the different spectral behavior of atmospheric parameters.As a result, in this study, atmospheric correction has ho done respectively in different parameters for visible and infrared channels. The surface albedos of the Kushiro Mire gotten with this method were compared with the observed date there. The results show that the satellite inferred albedos have a good agreement tO the diurnal mean of ground observed albedos with 3% systematic error. There is a seasonal variation of albedo in high and low mires, the albedo decreased gradually from April to July and reached its minimum in July, further it rose gradually from August to October. It is also clear that there is a characteristic pattern of surface distribution according to the vegetation types of this area. The average surface albedos of each type of community are 0.164 for Sphagnum, 0.175 for Carex, 0.179 for Pragmites and 0.166 for Alnus. In the other words, the albedo in high mire (mainly covered by Sphagnum) is lower than that in low mire (mainly covered by phragmites and Carex).
文摘Qinghai Lake is located in the northeastern Qinghai Xizang(Tibet) Plateau. It is an especially big light saltwater lake. The mire meadow in Qinghai Lake drainage area is an eco system which is affected by the eco environment factors. Its formation, development and temporal and spatial distribution law are decided by a few main meteorological factors in the eco environment to a certain extent. The main meteorological factors are ≥10℃ accumulated temperature, precipitation from May to September and annual humidity coefficient. The mathematical model of the mire wetland rate and the main meteorological factors is given by multivariate linear regression in the paper.
文摘Mire is the product of the Quaternary. It mostly formed, developed and declined after the postglacial age. Therefore the chemical element analysis, spore-pollen analysis, 14C dating, mire plant determination for mire sediment, and the study on hierarchy relation of mire sediment, can provide a lot of information for restoring paleogeography, paleoclimate and environmental change. So some people called mire sediment-peat as 'database of environment'.
文摘The southern part of the Qinghai Xizang (Tibet) Plateau and its adjacent area are rich in mire flora. There are 51 families, 101 genera and 220 species. The geographical compositions of this region are very complex, consisting of the following geographical elements: tropic subtropic elements approximating to 8.33% of the entire flora in the region, tropic temperate elements 22.71%, temperate elements 43.18%, cosmopolitan elements 9.85%, the Qinghai Xizang endemic elements 14.39%, north polemountain elements 1.51%. Temperate elements in this region are dominant. The dominant species of mires, Carex lasiocarpa, in this region is also found in northeast China, Finland and North America. The origin of mires of this region is earlier than northeast China and Finland. This shows that the southern part of the Qinghai Xizang Plateau and its adjacent areas may be the centre of the origin and distribution of temperate elements.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. U20A2083, U19A2042, and 41771103)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (No. 2018265)。
文摘Soil macroinvertebrates as ecosystem engineers play significant, but largely ignored, roles in affecting mercury(Hg) cycle by altering soil physical-chemical properties. Ant is likely expanded into boreal mires with climate warming, however, its impacts on Hg cycle remained poorly understood. We compared total Hg(THg) and methylmercury(Me Hg) contents in soils from antmounds( Lasius flavus) and the nearby ambient in a boreal mire in Northeast China. The present work seeks to unravel factors that controlling Me Hg levels in case of ant appearance or absence. The average THg was 179 μg/kg in the ant mound and was 106.1 μg/kg in nearby soils, respectively. The average Me Hg was 10.9 μg/kg in the ant mound and was 12.9 μg/kg in nearby soils, respectively. The ratios of Me Hg to THg(%Me Hg) were 7.61% in ant mounds and 16.75% in nearby soils, respectively. Ant colonization caused THg enrichment and Me Hg depletion, and this change was obvious in the 10-20 cm depth soil layer where ants mainly inhabited. Spectrometry characteristics of soil dissolved organic matter(DOM) exert a stronger control than microorganisms on Me Hg variation in soils. A structural equation model revealed that the molecular weight of DOM inhibited Me Hg irrespective of ant presence or absence, while humification conducive to Me Hg significantly in ant mound soils. Microorganisms mainly affected Hg methylation by altering the molecular weight and humification of DOM. We propose that the effects of ant colonization on Me Hg rested on DOM feature variations caused by microorganisms in boreal mires.
文摘Relationship between volcanic activity and vegetation change with special reference to chemical environmental change in soil by volcanic activity has been investigated in Tadewara mire in the Aso-Kujyu volcano area, south western Japan. A core of 420.0 cm depth was collected for peat forming plants analysis and chemical analysis. A distinct peak of sulfur content in peat core was found at the depth of 105.0-115.0 cm. Chronological changes of dominant species within the peat forming plants community showed both progressive and retrogressive successions. Vegetation change of Tadewara mire within recent 1000 years showed retrogressive succession from Sphagnum community to Moliniopsis and Phragmites communities after the sulfur compound deposition, whereas vegetation showed progressive succession after the deposition of sulfur became smaller. Enrichment of sulfur in sediment core appeared over the water impermeable layer with clay texture on volcanic ash horizon, and then vegetation change could be induced by the paludification caused by the clay layer. Deposition of volcanic ash layer and the following formation of water impermeable layer were dated at 970 ＋ 40 yBP by 14C dating data, and it corresponded to the eruption of Mount Kurotake recorded at 980 ＋ 30 yBP. Retrogressive succession can be the result of hydrological change rather than direct chemical changes in soil.
文摘S:Understanding how surface energy fluxes respond to environmental variables and how their components vary on daily and seasonal temporal scales are critical for understanding the ecological process of wetland ecosystem. In view of the fact that studies on surface energy flux over mire in China have been very limited, we have initiated a long-term latent and sensible heat flux (two main components of the surface energy balance) observation over mire in the Sanjiang Plain from June to October in 2004 with the eddy covariance technique. Results showed that the latent and sensible heat flux had large seasonal and diurnal variation during the period of measurement. Generally, latent heat flux between the mire wetland and the atmosphere reached the maximum value in June and then gradually decreased from June to October, whose daily mean fluxes were 9.83,8.00,7.33, 4.82 and 2.04 MJ/(m^2·d), respectively. By comparison, sensible heat flux changed unnoticeably with season change from June to October, which were 1.47,0.88,1.75, 1.61,1.33 MJ/(m^2·d) respectively. The diurnal variation of both latent and sensible heat flux varied noticeably within a day. After the sunrise, the latent and sensible heat flux increased and reached the maximum at noon (11:00-13:00). Then they decreased gradually and reached the minimum value during the nighttime. The patterns of temporal variation in latent and sensible heat flux were significantly controlled by environmental factors. The latent heat flux was linearly dependent on net radiation and increased with increasing vapour pressure deficit until the vapour pressure deficit surpassed 11 hPa. Wind speed effect on latent heat flux was more complicated and, in general, showed a positive correlation between them in daytime. The sensible heat flux was controlled mainly by air temperature difference between the land surface and the overlying air. However, when the temperature difference was larger than 0.3 ℃, it had no effect on the sensible heat flux. The study showed up the temporal variation of latent and sensible heat flux and how the environmental factors affected them.
