2023 marks the 50th anniversary of legal regulation of acupuncture in the United States,as the first acupuncture law was enacted in Nevada.Acupuncture,like any other medical modality,is regulated at the state level,wi...2023 marks the 50th anniversary of legal regulation of acupuncture in the United States,as the first acupuncture law was enacted in Nevada.Acupuncture,like any other medical modality,is regulated at the state level,with each state formulating and enforcing its own laws and statutes over time.This article narrates the legislative process and major developments of the acupuncture profession in Minnesota,in the context of legislative developments across the country.It tells how this midsize,Midwest state’s acupuncture profession became regulated,and examines the challenges faced by the profession before and after state statutes were enacted.Minnesota stands as a representative example of the legislative process in other states.展开更多
This paper mainly deals with the Bayesian statistical inference theory on the VAR(p) forecasting model based on the parameters’ Minnesota conjugate prior distribution,including the prior distribution’s structure, th...This paper mainly deals with the Bayesian statistical inference theory on the VAR(p) forecasting model based on the parameters’ Minnesota conjugate prior distribution,including the prior distribution’s structure, the parameters’ posterior distribution, and compares the forecasting accuracy of AR,VAR and BVAR model.展开更多
Previous studies using magnetic resonance imaging（MRI）and functional MRI to study depression have primarily focused on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy（1H-MRS）appearance in various areas of the brain and vol...Previous studies using magnetic resonance imaging（MRI）and functional MRI to study depression have primarily focused on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy（1H-MRS）appearance in various areas of the brain and volume measurements in the limbic system.However,results have not been consistent.To the best of our knowledge,very little is known about the relationship between 1H-MRS appearance and depression inventory.In the present study,the relationship between 1H-MRS appearance in depressive patients and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 scale was analyzed.MRI and 1H-MRS exhibited widened sulci and cisterns,as well as an absence of abnormal signals in depressive patients.In addition,N-acetyl aspartate/total creatine ratios in bilateral hippocampi and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were significantly less in depressive patients than in control subjects（P 〈 0.01）.In contrast,choline-containing compounds/total creatine ratios in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were significantly greater in depressive patients than in control subjects（P 〈 0.01）.These ratios significantly and positively correlated with patient total depression scores as assessed using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 scale（r=0.934 7,0.878 7,P 〈 0.01）.These results suggested that 1H-MRS could be used to reveal a reduced number of neurons in the hippocampus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,as well as altered membrane phospholipid metabolism in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,in patients with depressive disorder.Abnormal mechanisms partially reflected severity of depressive disorder.展开更多
ECGs of 3 565 clinically normal male pilots,aged from 21 to 51 years,were classi-fied and analyzed by Minnesota code.Among the 3 565 pilots,there were 1 315 coded pilots,making up 36.89％ of the total number.The resul...ECGs of 3 565 clinically normal male pilots,aged from 21 to 51 years,were classi-fied and analyzed by Minnesota code.Among the 3 565 pilots,there were 1 315 coded pilots,making up 36.89％ of the total number.The results were as follows:abnormal Q/QS wave0.14％,electrocardial axis deflection 5.11％,high voltage of left ventricle 10.58％,chargedST-T segment 2.07％,atrioventricular conduction block 1.71％,intraventricular conductionblock 4.60％,arrhytmias 10.66％ and other abnormalities 13.04％.The research showed thatthere were various changes in the coded pilots,although no abnormal alteration of the cardio-vascular system was discovered by physical examination,the ECG exercise stress test and otherrelevant clinical tests.This suggests that most of ECG abnormalities in clinically normal pilotsare normal physiological and functional variations.展开更多
目的:探讨神经性厌食患者的人格特征及焦虑抑郁症状,为临床治疗和疾病预防提供参考依据。方法:选取94例同时符合中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第3版(CCMD-3)和美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版(DSM-Ⅳ)诊断标准的神经性厌食患者,其中限食...目的:探讨神经性厌食患者的人格特征及焦虑抑郁症状,为临床治疗和疾病预防提供参考依据。方法:选取94例同时符合中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第3版(CCMD-3)和美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版(DSM-Ⅳ)诊断标准的神经性厌食患者,其中限食型41例,暴食/清除型53例;选取72例某精神专科医院实习护士为对照组。两组均采用明尼苏达多项人格(MMPI)、汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密顿焦虑量表(HAMA)进行测查。结果:病例组抑郁症状(85.1%vs.8.3%)和焦虑症状(75.5%vs.2.8%)的检出率高于对照组(均P<0.05)。病例组M M PI测试结果除男子-女子气、说谎量表、诈病量表、校正量表的T分与对照组无统计学差异外(均P>0.05),精神病态、抑郁、癔病、疑病、偏执、精神衰弱、精神分裂症、轻躁狂及社会内向的T分均高于对照组(均P<0.05);T分最高的量表分为精神病态(Pd)(63.8±11.2),其次是抑郁(D)(61.0±12.8),两点编码呈现24/42编码。暴食/清除型患者的疑病(Hs)的T分高于限食型[(53.3±9.9)vs.(58.7±9.3),P<0.05]。结论:神经性厌食患者有其特定的人格特征,尤其是精神病态和抑郁更为突出。展开更多
文摘2023 marks the 50th anniversary of legal regulation of acupuncture in the United States,as the first acupuncture law was enacted in Nevada.Acupuncture,like any other medical modality,is regulated at the state level,with each state formulating and enforcing its own laws and statutes over time.This article narrates the legislative process and major developments of the acupuncture profession in Minnesota,in the context of legislative developments across the country.It tells how this midsize,Midwest state’s acupuncture profession became regulated,and examines the challenges faced by the profession before and after state statutes were enacted.Minnesota stands as a representative example of the legislative process in other states.
文摘This paper mainly deals with the Bayesian statistical inference theory on the VAR(p) forecasting model based on the parameters’ Minnesota conjugate prior distribution,including the prior distribution’s structure, the parameters’ posterior distribution, and compares the forecasting accuracy of AR,VAR and BVAR model.
文摘Previous studies using magnetic resonance imaging（MRI）and functional MRI to study depression have primarily focused on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy（1H-MRS）appearance in various areas of the brain and volume measurements in the limbic system.However,results have not been consistent.To the best of our knowledge,very little is known about the relationship between 1H-MRS appearance and depression inventory.In the present study,the relationship between 1H-MRS appearance in depressive patients and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 scale was analyzed.MRI and 1H-MRS exhibited widened sulci and cisterns,as well as an absence of abnormal signals in depressive patients.In addition,N-acetyl aspartate/total creatine ratios in bilateral hippocampi and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were significantly less in depressive patients than in control subjects（P 〈 0.01）.In contrast,choline-containing compounds/total creatine ratios in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were significantly greater in depressive patients than in control subjects（P 〈 0.01）.These ratios significantly and positively correlated with patient total depression scores as assessed using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 scale（r=0.934 7,0.878 7,P 〈 0.01）.These results suggested that 1H-MRS could be used to reveal a reduced number of neurons in the hippocampus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,as well as altered membrane phospholipid metabolism in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,in patients with depressive disorder.Abnormal mechanisms partially reflected severity of depressive disorder.
文摘ECGs of 3 565 clinically normal male pilots,aged from 21 to 51 years,were classi-fied and analyzed by Minnesota code.Among the 3 565 pilots,there were 1 315 coded pilots,making up 36.89％ of the total number.The results were as follows:abnormal Q/QS wave0.14％,electrocardial axis deflection 5.11％,high voltage of left ventricle 10.58％,chargedST-T segment 2.07％,atrioventricular conduction block 1.71％,intraventricular conductionblock 4.60％,arrhytmias 10.66％ and other abnormalities 13.04％.The research showed thatthere were various changes in the coded pilots,although no abnormal alteration of the cardio-vascular system was discovered by physical examination,the ECG exercise stress test and otherrelevant clinical tests.This suggests that most of ECG abnormalities in clinically normal pilotsare normal physiological and functional variations.
文摘目的:探讨神经性厌食患者的人格特征及焦虑抑郁症状,为临床治疗和疾病预防提供参考依据。方法:选取94例同时符合中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第3版(CCMD-3)和美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版(DSM-Ⅳ)诊断标准的神经性厌食患者,其中限食型41例,暴食/清除型53例;选取72例某精神专科医院实习护士为对照组。两组均采用明尼苏达多项人格(MMPI)、汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密顿焦虑量表(HAMA)进行测查。结果:病例组抑郁症状(85.1%vs.8.3%)和焦虑症状(75.5%vs.2.8%)的检出率高于对照组(均P<0.05)。病例组M M PI测试结果除男子-女子气、说谎量表、诈病量表、校正量表的T分与对照组无统计学差异外(均P>0.05),精神病态、抑郁、癔病、疑病、偏执、精神衰弱、精神分裂症、轻躁狂及社会内向的T分均高于对照组(均P<0.05);T分最高的量表分为精神病态(Pd)(63.8±11.2),其次是抑郁(D)(61.0±12.8),两点编码呈现24/42编码。暴食/清除型患者的疑病(Hs)的T分高于限食型[(53.3±9.9)vs.(58.7±9.3),P<0.05]。结论:神经性厌食患者有其特定的人格特征,尤其是精神病态和抑郁更为突出。
