This paper is concerned with the minimizers of L^(2)-subcritical constraint variar tional problems with spatially decaying nonlinearities in a bounded domain Ω of R~N(N≥1).We prove that the problem admits minimizers...This paper is concerned with the minimizers of L^(2)-subcritical constraint variar tional problems with spatially decaying nonlinearities in a bounded domain Ω of R~N(N≥1).We prove that the problem admits minimizers for any M> 0.Moreover,the limiting behavior of minimizers as M→∞ is also analyzed rigorously.展开更多
This study examines the multicriteria scheduling problem on a single machine to minimize three criteria: the maximum cost function, denoted by maximum late work (V<sub>max</sub>), maximum tardy job, denote...This study examines the multicriteria scheduling problem on a single machine to minimize three criteria: the maximum cost function, denoted by maximum late work (V<sub>max</sub>), maximum tardy job, denoted by (T<sub>max</sub>), and maximum earliness (E<sub>max</sub>). We propose several algorithms based on types of objectives function to be optimized when dealing with simultaneous minimization problems with and without weight and hierarchical minimization problems. The proposed Algorithm (3) is to find the set of efficient solutions for 1//F (V<sub>max</sub>, T<sub>max</sub>, E<sub>max</sub>) and 1//(V<sub>max</sub> + T<sub>max</sub> + E<sub>max</sub>). The Local Search Heuristic Methods (Descent Method (DM), Simulated Annealing (SA), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and the Tree Type Heuristics Method (TTHM) are applied to solve all suggested problems. Finally, the experimental results of Algorithm (3) are compared with the results of the Branch and Bound (BAB) method for optimal and Pareto optimal solutions for smaller instance sizes and compared to the Local Search Heuristic Methods for large instance sizes. These results ensure the efficiency of Algorithm (3) in a reasonable time.展开更多
In early 2018,the Boliden Garpenberg operation implemented an optimized control strategy as an addition to the existing ventilation on demand system.The purpose of the strategy is to further minimize energy use for ma...In early 2018,the Boliden Garpenberg operation implemented an optimized control strategy as an addition to the existing ventilation on demand system.The purpose of the strategy is to further minimize energy use for main and booster fans,whilst also fulfilling airflow setpoints without violating constraints such as min/max differential pressure over fans and interaction of air between areas in mines.Using air flow measurements and a dynamical model of the ventilation system,a mine-wide coordination control of fans can be carried out.The numerical model is data driven and derived from historical operational data or step changes experiments.This makes both initial deployment and lifetime model maintenance,as the mine evolves,a comparably easy operation.The control has been proven to operate in a stable manner over long periods without having to re-calibrate the model.Results prove a 40%decrease in energy use for the fans involved and a greater controllability of air flow.Moreover,a 15%decrease of the total air flow into the mine will give additional proportional heating savings during winter periods.All in all,the multivariable controller shows a correlation between production in the mine and the ventilation system performance superior to all of its predecessors.展开更多
Thermoelastic martensitic transformations in shape memory alloys can be modeled on the basis of nonlinear elastic theory.Microstructures of fine phase mixtures are local energy minimizers of the total energy.Using a o...Thermoelastic martensitic transformations in shape memory alloys can be modeled on the basis of nonlinear elastic theory.Microstructures of fine phase mixtures are local energy minimizers of the total energy.Using a one-dimensional effective model,we have shown that such microstructures are inhomogeneous solutions of the nonlinear Euler-Lagrange equation and can appear upon loading or unloading to certain critical conditions,the bifurcation conditions.A hybrid numerical method is utilized to calculate the inhomogeneous solutions with a large number of interfaces.The characteristics of the solutions are clarified by three parameters：the number of interfaces,the interface thickness,and the oscillating amplitude.Approximated analytical expressions are obtained for the interface and inhomogeneity energies through the numerical solutions.展开更多
In this paper, the properties of the maps for the Heisenberg group targets are studied. For u e∈W1,α(Ω, Hm), some Poincare type inequalities are proved. For the energy minimizers, the ∈-regularity theorems and the...In this paper, the properties of the maps for the Heisenberg group targets are studied. For u e∈W1,α(Ω, Hm), some Poincare type inequalities are proved. For the energy minimizers, the ∈-regularity theorems and the singularity theorems are obtained.展开更多
In this article, we study constrained minimizers of the following variational problem ε（p）：={u∈H1 inf（R3）,｜｜u｜｜22=p} E（u）,ρ〉0,where E（u） is the SchrSdinger-Poisson-Slater （SPS） energy functional E（...In this article, we study constrained minimizers of the following variational problem ε（p）：={u∈H1 inf（R3）,｜｜u｜｜22=p} E（u）,ρ〉0,where E（u） is the SchrSdinger-Poisson-Slater （SPS） energy functional E（u）：1/2∫R3｜△u（x）｜2dx-1/4∫R3∫R3u2（y）u2（x）/｜x-y｜dydx-1/p∫R3｜u（x）∫pdx in R3,and p ∈ （2,6）. We prove the existence of minimizers for the cases 2 〈 p 〈10/3, p 〉 0, and P =10/3, 0 〈 p 〈 p＊, and show that e（ρ） = -∞ for the other cases, where p＊ = ｜｜φ｜｜22 and φ（x） is the unique （up to translations） positive radially symmetric solution of -△u ＋ u = u7/3 in R3. Moreover, when e（ρ＊） = -∞, the blow-up behavior of minimizers as p/p＊ is also analyzed rigorously.展开更多
We combine the maximum principle for vector-valued mappings established by D＇Ottavio, Leonetti and Musciano [7] with regularity results from [5] and prove the Holder continuity of the first derivatives for local mini...We combine the maximum principle for vector-valued mappings established by D＇Ottavio, Leonetti and Musciano [7] with regularity results from [5] and prove the Holder continuity of the first derivatives for local minimizers u： Ω→^R^N of splitting-type variational integrals provided Ω is a domain in R^2.展开更多
In this paper, we introduce the concept of a (weak) minimizer of order k for a nonsmooth vector optimization problem over cones. Generalized classes of higher-order cone-nonsmooth (F, ρ)-convex functions are introduc...In this paper, we introduce the concept of a (weak) minimizer of order k for a nonsmooth vector optimization problem over cones. Generalized classes of higher-order cone-nonsmooth (F, ρ)-convex functions are introduced and sufficient optimality results are proved involving these classes. Also, a unified dual is associated with the considered primal problem, and weak and strong duality results are established.展开更多
The behavior of radial minimizers for a Ginzburg-Landau type functional is considered. The weak convergence of minimizers in W1,n is improved to the strong convergence in W1,n. Some estimates of the rate of the conver...The behavior of radial minimizers for a Ginzburg-Landau type functional is considered. The weak convergence of minimizers in W1,n is improved to the strong convergence in W1,n. Some estimates of the rate of the convergence for the module of minimizers are presented.展开更多
Today,much information from traffic infrastructures and sensors of ego vehicle is available.Using such information has a potential for internal combustion engine vehicle to reduce fuel consumption in real world.In thi...Today,much information from traffic infrastructures and sensors of ego vehicle is available.Using such information has a potential for internal combustion engine vehicle to reduce fuel consumption in real world.In this paper,a powertrain controller for a hybrid electric vehicle aiming to reduce fuel consumption is introduced,which uses information from traffic signals,the global positioning system and sensors,and the preceding vehicle.This study was carried out as a benchmark problem of engine and powertrain control simulation and modeling 2021(E-COSM 2021).The developed controller firstly decides reference acceleration of the ego vehicle using the traffic signal and the position information and the preceding vehicle speed.The acceleration and deceleration leading to increase in unnecessary fuel consumption is avoided.Next,the reference engine,generator,and motor torques are decided to achieve the reference acceleration and minimize fuel consumption.In addition,the reference engine,generator and motor torques were decided by the given fuel consumption map for the engine,and by the virtual fuel consumption maps for the generator and the motor.The virtual fuel consumption is derived from the efficiency maps of the generator and the motor using a given equivalent factor,which converts electricity consumption to fuel for the generator and the motor.In this study,a controller was designed through the benchmark problem of E-COSM 2021 for minimizing total fuel consumption of the engine,the generator,and the motor.The developed controller was evaluated in driving simulations.The result shows that operating the powertrain in efficient area is a key factor in reducing total fuel consumption.展开更多
The research reported in this paper focuses on non-technical power loss reduction for power distribution systems. Such reduction of costs of energy not served (ENS.COST), is intelligently evaluated and optimized using...The research reported in this paper focuses on non-technical power loss reduction for power distribution systems. Such reduction of costs of energy not served (ENS.COST), is intelligently evaluated and optimized using a firefly algorithm, from where savings of 43.3% on energy not served are achieved.展开更多
This paper proposes a real-time optimization strategy,aimed at minimizing switching losses in a three-level neutral-point-clamped(3L-NPC)inverter.The proposed strategy consists of optimized clamping strategy and unifi...This paper proposes a real-time optimization strategy,aimed at minimizing switching losses in a three-level neutral-point-clamped(3L-NPC)inverter.The proposed strategy consists of optimized clamping strategy and unified triangular carrier based discontinuous pulse width modulation(DPWM)strategy.In each control period,the optimized clamping strategy determines optimal clamped phases and voltage levels to clamp the phase with absolute current as big as possible.Based on obtained optimal results,unified triangular carrier based DPWM strategy calculates the injected common mode voltage(CMV)and generates driving signals for semiconductor switching devices by comparing final modulation signals and two phase-deposited carriers.Analysis and experiment results show the proposed strategy not only can reduce switching losses up to 49.8%compared with conventional space vector PWM(SVPWM)but also has features of low computation burden and easy implementation.展开更多
Background:Postoperative lactate levels have been considered a marker of intraoperative ischemia,which can affect patients’prognosis.This study aims to compare the immediate postoperative complications due to high se...Background:Postoperative lactate levels have been considered a marker of intraoperative ischemia,which can affect patients’prognosis.This study aims to compare the immediate postoperative complications due to high serum lactate levels of patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass graft(CABG)via minimally invasive cardiac surgery(MICS)vs.conventional me-dian sternotomy(MS).Methods:A total of 111 MICS CABG patients were retrospectively analysed and compared with 3614 MS CABG patients from a mixed Asian population between January 2009 and June 2020.A generalized structural equation model(gSEM)was constructed and applied for data anal-ysis,with the primary outcome of this study being high postoperative serum lactate levels(≥4 mmol/L)and its associated complications.The model con-sidered patients’demographics,blood tests,Charlson co-morbidity index,and the type of operation.Results:There were no significant differences in the pa-tients’preoperative profiles.The average postoperative serum lactate level in both groups was 3.2 mmol/L(range:0.5 to 15.6 mmol/L).MICS patients had significantly lower postoperative lactate levels(coefficient:−1.1;95%C.I.:−1.8 to−0.4,p-value:0.002).Moreover,a unit increase in lactate level was associ-ated with a 12%increase in the odds of developing a new arrhythmia postop-eratively(adjusted odds ratio:1.1;95%C.I.:1.0 to 1.3,p-value:0.048).Con clusion:MICS was associated with lower postoperative lactate levels and re duced metabolic stress,likely due to less trauma.Elevated lactate during CPB correlated with higher morbidity and mortality.Patients who are eligible for both approaches may benefit more from the MICS approach.展开更多
In this paper,we investigate the minimization problem e_(s)(p)=_(u∈W_(V)^(1,N))(r^(N)),||u||_(N)^(N)=p>0 inf E(u),where E(u)=1/N∫_(R_(N))|▽_(u)|^(N)dx+1/N∫_(R_(N))V(x)|u|^(N)dx-1/s∫_(R_(N))|u|^(s)dx.Here s>...In this paper,we investigate the minimization problem e_(s)(p)=_(u∈W_(V)^(1,N))(r^(N)),||u||_(N)^(N)=p>0 inf E(u),where E(u)=1/N∫_(R_(N))|▽_(u)|^(N)dx+1/N∫_(R_(N))V(x)|u|^(N)dx-1/s∫_(R_(N))|u|^(s)dx.Here s>N,V is a spherically symmetric increasing function satisfying V(0)=0,|x|→∞lin V(x)=+∞We discuss the problem in three cases.First,for the case s>2N,e_(s)(ρ)=-∞for anyρ>0.Secondly,for the case N<s<2N,for anyρ>0,we prove that it admits a minimizer which is nonnegative,spherically symmetric and decreasing via the N-Laplacian GagliardoNirenberg inequality.When s=2N,the existence and nonexistence of minimizers of e_(s)(ρ)will also be given.During the arguments,we provide the detailed proof of the N-Laplacian Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequality and N-Laplacian Pohozaev identity.展开更多
We study the following minimization problem d_(p)(M_(p)=∫_(R^(n))|▽u|^(2)-c|u|^(2)/|x|^(2)+V(x)|u|^(2)dx-2/p+2∫_(R^(N))|u|^p+2dx.when=p=p^(*):=4/N,,the precise concentration behavior of minimizers is analyzed as M_...We study the following minimization problem d_(p)(M_(p)=∫_(R^(n))|▽u|^(2)-c|u|^(2)/|x|^(2)+V(x)|u|^(2)dx-2/p+2∫_(R^(N))|u|^p+2dx.when=p=p^(*):=4/N,,the precise concentration behavior of minimizers is analyzed as M_(p^(*))↗‖Q_(p^(*))‖_(L^(2)),where Q_(p^(*))is the unique radially positive solution of-Δφ-cφ/|x|^(2-|φ|^(p^(*)+1)φ=0.When 0<p<p^(*)we prove that all minimizers must blow up if lim p→p^(*)M_(p)≥‖Q_(p^(*))‖L^(2).On his argument,the detailed concentration behavior of minimizers is established as p↗p^(*).展开更多
In the practice of healthcare,patient-reported outcomes(PROs)and PRO measures(PROMs)are used as an attempt to observe the changes in complex clinical situations.They guide us in making decisions based on the evidence ...In the practice of healthcare,patient-reported outcomes(PROs)and PRO measures(PROMs)are used as an attempt to observe the changes in complex clinical situations.They guide us in making decisions based on the evidence regarding patient care by recording the change in outcomes for a particular treatment to a given condition and finally to understand whether a patient will benefit from a particular treatment and to quantify the treatment effect.For any PROM to be usable in health care,we need it to be reliable,encapsulating the points of interest with the potential to detect any real change.Using structured outcome measures routinely in clinical practice helps the physician to understand the functional limitation of a patient that would otherwise not be clear in an office interview,and this allows the physician and patient to have a meaningful conver-sation as well as a customized plan for each patient.Having mentioned the rationale and the benefits of PROMs,understanding the quantification process is crucial before embarking on management decisions.A better interpretation of change needs to identify the treatment effect based on clinical relevance for a given condition.There are a multiple set of measurement indices to serve this effect and most of them are used interchangeably without clear demarcation on their differences.This article details the various quantification metrics used to evaluate the treatment effect using PROMs,their limitations and the scope of usage and implementation in clinical practice.展开更多
With the rapidly increasing bandwidth requirements of optical communication networks, compact and low-cost large-scale optical switches become necessary. Silicon pbotonics is a promising technology due to its small fo...With the rapidly increasing bandwidth requirements of optical communication networks, compact and low-cost large-scale optical switches become necessary. Silicon pbotonics is a promising technology due to its small footprint, cost competitiveness, and high bandwidth density. In this paper, we demonstrate a 12 × 12 silicon wavelength routing switch employing cascaded arrayed waveguide interconnection network on a the switch＇s footprint. We single chip. We optimize develop an algorithm based gratings （AWGs） connected by a silicon waveguide the connecting strategy of the crossing structure to reduce on minimum standard deviation to minimize the port-to- port insertion loss （IL） fluctuation of the switch globally. The simulated port-to-port IL fluctuation decreases by about 3 dB compared with that of the conventional one. The average measured port-to-port IL is 13.03 dB, with a standard deviation of 0.78 dB and a fluctuation of 2.39 dB. The device can be used for wide applications in core networks and data centers.展开更多
基金supported by the Graduate Education Innovation Funds(2022CXZZ088)at Central China Normal University in Chinasupported by the NSFC(12225106,11931012)the Fundamental Research Funds(CCNU22LJ002)for the Central Universities in China。
文摘This paper is concerned with the minimizers of L^(2)-subcritical constraint variar tional problems with spatially decaying nonlinearities in a bounded domain Ω of R~N(N≥1).We prove that the problem admits minimizers for any M> 0.Moreover,the limiting behavior of minimizers as M→∞ is also analyzed rigorously.
文摘This study examines the multicriteria scheduling problem on a single machine to minimize three criteria: the maximum cost function, denoted by maximum late work (V<sub>max</sub>), maximum tardy job, denoted by (T<sub>max</sub>), and maximum earliness (E<sub>max</sub>). We propose several algorithms based on types of objectives function to be optimized when dealing with simultaneous minimization problems with and without weight and hierarchical minimization problems. The proposed Algorithm (3) is to find the set of efficient solutions for 1//F (V<sub>max</sub>, T<sub>max</sub>, E<sub>max</sub>) and 1//(V<sub>max</sub> + T<sub>max</sub> + E<sub>max</sub>). The Local Search Heuristic Methods (Descent Method (DM), Simulated Annealing (SA), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and the Tree Type Heuristics Method (TTHM) are applied to solve all suggested problems. Finally, the experimental results of Algorithm (3) are compared with the results of the Branch and Bound (BAB) method for optimal and Pareto optimal solutions for smaller instance sizes and compared to the Local Search Heuristic Methods for large instance sizes. These results ensure the efficiency of Algorithm (3) in a reasonable time.
文摘In early 2018,the Boliden Garpenberg operation implemented an optimized control strategy as an addition to the existing ventilation on demand system.The purpose of the strategy is to further minimize energy use for main and booster fans,whilst also fulfilling airflow setpoints without violating constraints such as min/max differential pressure over fans and interaction of air between areas in mines.Using air flow measurements and a dynamical model of the ventilation system,a mine-wide coordination control of fans can be carried out.The numerical model is data driven and derived from historical operational data or step changes experiments.This makes both initial deployment and lifetime model maintenance,as the mine evolves,a comparably easy operation.The control has been proven to operate in a stable manner over long periods without having to re-calibrate the model.Results prove a 40%decrease in energy use for the fans involved and a greater controllability of air flow.Moreover,a 15%decrease of the total air flow into the mine will give additional proportional heating savings during winter periods.All in all,the multivariable controller shows a correlation between production in the mine and the ventilation system performance superior to all of its predecessors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 11461161008 and 11272092)
文摘Thermoelastic martensitic transformations in shape memory alloys can be modeled on the basis of nonlinear elastic theory.Microstructures of fine phase mixtures are local energy minimizers of the total energy.Using a one-dimensional effective model,we have shown that such microstructures are inhomogeneous solutions of the nonlinear Euler-Lagrange equation and can appear upon loading or unloading to certain critical conditions,the bifurcation conditions.A hybrid numerical method is utilized to calculate the inhomogeneous solutions with a large number of interfaces.The characteristics of the solutions are clarified by three parameters：the number of interfaces,the interface thickness,and the oscillating amplitude.Approximated analytical expressions are obtained for the interface and inhomogeneity energies through the numerical solutions.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (19771048)
文摘In this paper, the properties of the maps for the Heisenberg group targets are studied. For u e∈W1,α(Ω, Hm), some Poincare type inequalities are proved. For the energy minimizers, the ∈-regularity theorems and the singularity theorems are obtained.
基金partially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(11671394)
文摘In this article, we study constrained minimizers of the following variational problem ε（p）：={u∈H1 inf（R3）,｜｜u｜｜22=p} E（u）,ρ〉0,where E（u） is the SchrSdinger-Poisson-Slater （SPS） energy functional E（u）：1/2∫R3｜△u（x）｜2dx-1/4∫R3∫R3u2（y）u2（x）/｜x-y｜dydx-1/p∫R3｜u（x）∫pdx in R3,and p ∈ （2,6）. We prove the existence of minimizers for the cases 2 〈 p 〈10/3, p 〉 0, and P =10/3, 0 〈 p 〈 p＊, and show that e（ρ） = -∞ for the other cases, where p＊ = ｜｜φ｜｜22 and φ（x） is the unique （up to translations） positive radially symmetric solution of -△u ＋ u = u7/3 in R3. Moreover, when e（ρ＊） = -∞, the blow-up behavior of minimizers as p/p＊ is also analyzed rigorously.
文摘We combine the maximum principle for vector-valued mappings established by D＇Ottavio, Leonetti and Musciano [7] with regularity results from [5] and prove the Holder continuity of the first derivatives for local minimizers u： Ω→^R^N of splitting-type variational integrals provided Ω is a domain in R^2.
文摘In this paper, we introduce the concept of a (weak) minimizer of order k for a nonsmooth vector optimization problem over cones. Generalized classes of higher-order cone-nonsmooth (F, ρ)-convex functions are introduced and sufficient optimality results are proved involving these classes. Also, a unified dual is associated with the considered primal problem, and weak and strong duality results are established.
文摘The behavior of radial minimizers for a Ginzburg-Landau type functional is considered. The weak convergence of minimizers in W1,n is improved to the strong convergence in W1,n. Some estimates of the rate of the convergence for the module of minimizers are presented.
文摘Today,much information from traffic infrastructures and sensors of ego vehicle is available.Using such information has a potential for internal combustion engine vehicle to reduce fuel consumption in real world.In this paper,a powertrain controller for a hybrid electric vehicle aiming to reduce fuel consumption is introduced,which uses information from traffic signals,the global positioning system and sensors,and the preceding vehicle.This study was carried out as a benchmark problem of engine and powertrain control simulation and modeling 2021(E-COSM 2021).The developed controller firstly decides reference acceleration of the ego vehicle using the traffic signal and the position information and the preceding vehicle speed.The acceleration and deceleration leading to increase in unnecessary fuel consumption is avoided.Next,the reference engine,generator,and motor torques are decided to achieve the reference acceleration and minimize fuel consumption.In addition,the reference engine,generator and motor torques were decided by the given fuel consumption map for the engine,and by the virtual fuel consumption maps for the generator and the motor.The virtual fuel consumption is derived from the efficiency maps of the generator and the motor using a given equivalent factor,which converts electricity consumption to fuel for the generator and the motor.In this study,a controller was designed through the benchmark problem of E-COSM 2021 for minimizing total fuel consumption of the engine,the generator,and the motor.The developed controller was evaluated in driving simulations.The result shows that operating the powertrain in efficient area is a key factor in reducing total fuel consumption.
文摘The research reported in this paper focuses on non-technical power loss reduction for power distribution systems. Such reduction of costs of energy not served (ENS.COST), is intelligently evaluated and optimized using a firefly algorithm, from where savings of 43.3% on energy not served are achieved.
文摘This paper proposes a real-time optimization strategy,aimed at minimizing switching losses in a three-level neutral-point-clamped(3L-NPC)inverter.The proposed strategy consists of optimized clamping strategy and unified triangular carrier based discontinuous pulse width modulation(DPWM)strategy.In each control period,the optimized clamping strategy determines optimal clamped phases and voltage levels to clamp the phase with absolute current as big as possible.Based on obtained optimal results,unified triangular carrier based DPWM strategy calculates the injected common mode voltage(CMV)and generates driving signals for semiconductor switching devices by comparing final modulation signals and two phase-deposited carriers.Analysis and experiment results show the proposed strategy not only can reduce switching losses up to 49.8%compared with conventional space vector PWM(SVPWM)but also has features of low computation burden and easy implementation.
基金supported by The National Research Foundation(NRF),Singa-pore,Central Gap Fund[NRF2020NRF-CG001-018].
文摘Background:Postoperative lactate levels have been considered a marker of intraoperative ischemia,which can affect patients’prognosis.This study aims to compare the immediate postoperative complications due to high serum lactate levels of patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass graft(CABG)via minimally invasive cardiac surgery(MICS)vs.conventional me-dian sternotomy(MS).Methods:A total of 111 MICS CABG patients were retrospectively analysed and compared with 3614 MS CABG patients from a mixed Asian population between January 2009 and June 2020.A generalized structural equation model(gSEM)was constructed and applied for data anal-ysis,with the primary outcome of this study being high postoperative serum lactate levels(≥4 mmol/L)and its associated complications.The model con-sidered patients’demographics,blood tests,Charlson co-morbidity index,and the type of operation.Results:There were no significant differences in the pa-tients’preoperative profiles.The average postoperative serum lactate level in both groups was 3.2 mmol/L(range:0.5 to 15.6 mmol/L).MICS patients had significantly lower postoperative lactate levels(coefficient:−1.1;95%C.I.:−1.8 to−0.4,p-value:0.002).Moreover,a unit increase in lactate level was associ-ated with a 12%increase in the odds of developing a new arrhythmia postop-eratively(adjusted odds ratio:1.1;95%C.I.:1.0 to 1.3,p-value:0.048).Con clusion:MICS was associated with lower postoperative lactate levels and re duced metabolic stress,likely due to less trauma.Elevated lactate during CPB correlated with higher morbidity and mortality.Patients who are eligible for both approaches may benefit more from the MICS approach.
基金supported by the Xingdian Talents Support Program of Yunnan Province of Youthsthe Yunnan Province Basic Research Project for General Program(202401AT070441)+5 种基金the Yunnan Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Mathematics and Applications(202302AN360007)supported by the NNSF(12261031)supported by the NNSF(12401145)supported by the NNSF(12371120)the Yunnan Province Basic Research Project for Key Program(202401AS070024)the General Program(202301AT070141)。
文摘In this paper,we investigate the minimization problem e_(s)(p)=_(u∈W_(V)^(1,N))(r^(N)),||u||_(N)^(N)=p>0 inf E(u),where E(u)=1/N∫_(R_(N))|▽_(u)|^(N)dx+1/N∫_(R_(N))V(x)|u|^(N)dx-1/s∫_(R_(N))|u|^(s)dx.Here s>N,V is a spherically symmetric increasing function satisfying V(0)=0,|x|→∞lin V(x)=+∞We discuss the problem in three cases.First,for the case s>2N,e_(s)(ρ)=-∞for anyρ>0.Secondly,for the case N<s<2N,for anyρ>0,we prove that it admits a minimizer which is nonnegative,spherically symmetric and decreasing via the N-Laplacian GagliardoNirenberg inequality.When s=2N,the existence and nonexistence of minimizers of e_(s)(ρ)will also be given.During the arguments,we provide the detailed proof of the N-Laplacian Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequality and N-Laplacian Pohozaev identity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11771314,12071323).
文摘We study the following minimization problem d_(p)(M_(p)=∫_(R^(n))|▽u|^(2)-c|u|^(2)/|x|^(2)+V(x)|u|^(2)dx-2/p+2∫_(R^(N))|u|^p+2dx.when=p=p^(*):=4/N,,the precise concentration behavior of minimizers is analyzed as M_(p^(*))↗‖Q_(p^(*))‖_(L^(2)),where Q_(p^(*))is the unique radially positive solution of-Δφ-cφ/|x|^(2-|φ|^(p^(*)+1)φ=0.When 0<p<p^(*)we prove that all minimizers must blow up if lim p→p^(*)M_(p)≥‖Q_(p^(*))‖L^(2).On his argument,the detailed concentration behavior of minimizers is established as p↗p^(*).
文摘In the practice of healthcare,patient-reported outcomes(PROs)and PRO measures(PROMs)are used as an attempt to observe the changes in complex clinical situations.They guide us in making decisions based on the evidence regarding patient care by recording the change in outcomes for a particular treatment to a given condition and finally to understand whether a patient will benefit from a particular treatment and to quantify the treatment effect.For any PROM to be usable in health care,we need it to be reliable,encapsulating the points of interest with the potential to detect any real change.Using structured outcome measures routinely in clinical practice helps the physician to understand the functional limitation of a patient that would otherwise not be clear in an office interview,and this allows the physician and patient to have a meaningful conver-sation as well as a customized plan for each patient.Having mentioned the rationale and the benefits of PROMs,understanding the quantification process is crucial before embarking on management decisions.A better interpretation of change needs to identify the treatment effect based on clinical relevance for a given condition.There are a multiple set of measurement indices to serve this effect and most of them are used interchangeably without clear demarcation on their differences.This article details the various quantification metrics used to evaluate the treatment effect using PROMs,their limitations and the scope of usage and implementation in clinical practice.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(61775069,61635004)National High Technology Research and Development Program of China,863 Program(2015AA015504)
文摘With the rapidly increasing bandwidth requirements of optical communication networks, compact and low-cost large-scale optical switches become necessary. Silicon pbotonics is a promising technology due to its small footprint, cost competitiveness, and high bandwidth density. In this paper, we demonstrate a 12 × 12 silicon wavelength routing switch employing cascaded arrayed waveguide interconnection network on a the switch＇s footprint. We single chip. We optimize develop an algorithm based gratings （AWGs） connected by a silicon waveguide the connecting strategy of the crossing structure to reduce on minimum standard deviation to minimize the port-to- port insertion loss （IL） fluctuation of the switch globally. The simulated port-to-port IL fluctuation decreases by about 3 dB compared with that of the conventional one. The average measured port-to-port IL is 13.03 dB, with a standard deviation of 0.78 dB and a fluctuation of 2.39 dB. The device can be used for wide applications in core networks and data centers.
