Nitric acid or qiangshui强水(“strong liquid,”from lat.aqua fortis)was introduced to China multiple times by European missionaries during the Ming and Qing dynasties.Xu Guangqi徐光啟(1562-1633)was the first Chinese t...Nitric acid or qiangshui强水(“strong liquid,”from lat.aqua fortis)was introduced to China multiple times by European missionaries during the Ming and Qing dynasties.Xu Guangqi徐光啟(1562-1633)was the first Chinese to record related knowledge from his communication with Johann Schreck(1576-1630).Johann Adam Schall von Bell(1591-1666),Joachim Bouvet(1656-1730),and Matteo Ripa(1682-1746)independently described the substance to the Chinese in their writings,explaining production methods together with different applications such as separating and assaying of gold and silver,etching of iron or copperplates,and manufacturing of thermometers.This paper focuses on newly discovered Chinese materials,mainly from the Investigations of the Earth’s Interior(Kunyu gezhi坤輿格致,1640)by Schall von Bell and his Chinese collaborators,but also from the Record of Essentials of Inception and Completion(Kaicheng jiyao開成紀要)by Xu Guangqi.It analyzes different aspects of knowledge transmission processes including the identification of useful knowledge,the purpose of transmission,the sources of European knowledge,and the applied methods of translation and explanation.From these analyses we can better understand the reasons of their failure or success.展开更多
Auspicious pulse diagnosis/pregnancy diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine involves such issues as medical skills,narrative skills,family decency,and ethics.It is an excellent case for the exploration of ethical d...Auspicious pulse diagnosis/pregnancy diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine involves such issues as medical skills,narrative skills,family decency,and ethics.It is an excellent case for the exploration of ethical dilemmas in traditional Chinese medical practice.The early classical medical texts such as Su Wen(Basic Questions)and Ling Shu Jing(Spiritual Pivot Canon)provide a principle-based ethical guide for doctor-patient communication,while popular fiction such as Hong Lou Meng(A Dream of Red Mansions),Yu Mu Xing Xin Bian(Stories:Entertain to Enlighten),and Feng Yue Meng(Courtesans and Opium)in the Ming and Qing dynasties present literary examples for solving ethical dilemmas.This article will analyze these texts from three perspectives.First,the doctors in the text were subject to gender order and other delicate etiquette and customs,therefore were unable to make the diagnosis without embarrassing the patients and jeopardizing family decency.Second,the narrator tends to attribute pregnancy misdiagnosis to three reasons:incomplete patient information,doctors’poor narrative competence,and doctors’corrupted medical ethics.Finally,the Ming-Qing fiction proposes three methods to solve this moral dilemma:clear pulse reading,tactful speech,and taboo challenging.This discussion of moral dilemmas in pregnancy diagnosis in traditional Chinese medical practice can be used as a reference for the localization of narrative medicine.展开更多
Based on the “Ming-Qing Women’s Writings （MQWW）, a digital archive and database” project and the “China Biographical Database （CBDB）” project, which have been collaborating since 2008, this paper uses dif...Based on the “Ming-Qing Women’s Writings （MQWW）, a digital archive and database” project and the “China Biographical Database （CBDB）” project, which have been collaborating since 2008, this paper uses different digital methods to analyse the Ming-Qing women poets’ lives, such as the themes of their poems, their geographical distribution, and their social networks. The aim of this paper is to show researchers various prospects for the integration of digital humanities projects.展开更多
文摘Nitric acid or qiangshui强水(“strong liquid,”from lat.aqua fortis)was introduced to China multiple times by European missionaries during the Ming and Qing dynasties.Xu Guangqi徐光啟(1562-1633)was the first Chinese to record related knowledge from his communication with Johann Schreck(1576-1630).Johann Adam Schall von Bell(1591-1666),Joachim Bouvet(1656-1730),and Matteo Ripa(1682-1746)independently described the substance to the Chinese in their writings,explaining production methods together with different applications such as separating and assaying of gold and silver,etching of iron or copperplates,and manufacturing of thermometers.This paper focuses on newly discovered Chinese materials,mainly from the Investigations of the Earth’s Interior(Kunyu gezhi坤輿格致,1640)by Schall von Bell and his Chinese collaborators,but also from the Record of Essentials of Inception and Completion(Kaicheng jiyao開成紀要)by Xu Guangqi.It analyzes different aspects of knowledge transmission processes including the identification of useful knowledge,the purpose of transmission,the sources of European knowledge,and the applied methods of translation and explanation.From these analyses we can better understand the reasons of their failure or success.
基金This article is sponsored by the National Social Science Fund of China project“Building of the Database Construction of Health for All”(No.21ZDA130).
文摘Auspicious pulse diagnosis/pregnancy diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine involves such issues as medical skills,narrative skills,family decency,and ethics.It is an excellent case for the exploration of ethical dilemmas in traditional Chinese medical practice.The early classical medical texts such as Su Wen(Basic Questions)and Ling Shu Jing(Spiritual Pivot Canon)provide a principle-based ethical guide for doctor-patient communication,while popular fiction such as Hong Lou Meng(A Dream of Red Mansions),Yu Mu Xing Xin Bian(Stories:Entertain to Enlighten),and Feng Yue Meng(Courtesans and Opium)in the Ming and Qing dynasties present literary examples for solving ethical dilemmas.This article will analyze these texts from three perspectives.First,the doctors in the text were subject to gender order and other delicate etiquette and customs,therefore were unable to make the diagnosis without embarrassing the patients and jeopardizing family decency.Second,the narrator tends to attribute pregnancy misdiagnosis to three reasons:incomplete patient information,doctors’poor narrative competence,and doctors’corrupted medical ethics.Finally,the Ming-Qing fiction proposes three methods to solve this moral dilemma:clear pulse reading,tactful speech,and taboo challenging.This discussion of moral dilemmas in pregnancy diagnosis in traditional Chinese medical practice can be used as a reference for the localization of narrative medicine.
文摘Based on the “Ming-Qing Women’s Writings （MQWW）, a digital archive and database” project and the “China Biographical Database （CBDB）” project, which have been collaborating since 2008, this paper uses different digital methods to analyse the Ming-Qing women poets’ lives, such as the themes of their poems, their geographical distribution, and their social networks. The aim of this paper is to show researchers various prospects for the integration of digital humanities projects.
