In this study,copper extraction from low-grade oxide-sulfide ores was investigated using a leaching method combined with response surface methodology(RSM)to optimize operational conditions and assess leaching kinetics...In this study,copper extraction from low-grade oxide-sulfide ores was investigated using a leaching method combined with response surface methodology(RSM)to optimize operational conditions and assess leaching kinetics.Given copper's extensive industrial applications,sustainable recovery from low-grade ores is critical.Five key parameters-acid concentration,leaching time,particle size,temperature,and solids percentage-were identified as major influences on copper recovery.The results revealed that leaching time and solids percentage,along with interactions between temperature-time and temperature-solids percentage,had the most significant effects.Optimal conditions for 80% copper recovery while minimizing iron recovery below 3% included an acid concentration of 1.21 mol L^(-1),a leaching time of 108 min,a particle size of 438μm,a temperature of 45℃,and a solids percentage of 18.2%.Leaching kinetics were analyzed using shrinking core models,with the Dickinson model best describing the process,showing an activation energy of 32.63 kJ mol^(-1),indicative of mixed diffusion and chemical reaction control.The final kinetic model effectively predicted the influence of key parameters.These findings highlight the importance of optimizing process variables and selecting suitable kinetic models to enhance extraction efficiency,reduce costs,and improve sustainability in copper recovery.展开更多
This paper presents the properties of fluid inclusions found in sphalerite from Latala epithermal base and precious metal deposit(Central Iran),which is hosted in Cenozoic volcanicsedimentary host-rocks.The Latala Dep...This paper presents the properties of fluid inclusions found in sphalerite from Latala epithermal base and precious metal deposit(Central Iran),which is hosted in Cenozoic volcanicsedimentary host-rocks.The Latala Deposit represents an example of vein type,base metal deposits in the Miduk porphyry copper deposits(PCDs)in southern Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic belt(UDMB).Mineralization in Latala epithermal base and precious metal vein type formed in 3 stages and sphalerite-quartz veins occur in stages 2 and 3.Stage 2 quartz-sphalerite veins are associated with chalcopyrite and zoned sphalerite,along with quartz+hematite,and Stage 3 quartz-sphalerite veins contain galena+sphalerite+chalcopyrite and quartz with overgrowth of calcite.Mineralization in Stage 3 occurs as replacement bodies and contains Fe-poor sphalerite without zoning in the outer parts of the deposit.This paper focuses on fluid inclusions in veins bearing sphalerite and quartz.The fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures and salinity in sphalerite(some with typical zoning)range from 144 to 285℃and from 0.2 wt.%to 7.6 wt.%NaCl eq.Sphalerite and fluid inclusions of the Latala base and precious metal deposit formed from relatively low-T and low-salinity solutions.Raman spectroscopy analyses indicate a high percentage of CO2 in the gas phase of fluid inclusions in Fe-poor sphalerites,as expected with melting temperature for CO2 of-56.6℃,and significant amounts of H2.Lack of reduced carbon species(methane and lighter hydrocarbons)was confirmed in the petrographic study using UV light and Raman spectroscopy.High amounts of H2 in fluid inclusions of Fe-poor sphalerite can be the result of different intensities of alteration and diffusion processes.The common occurrences of CO2 in fluid inclusions have originated from magma degassing and dissolution of carbonates.Theδ^34S values for sulfide minerals in galena of sphalerite bearing veins vary between-9.8‰and-1.0‰,and theδ^34S values calculated for H2 S are between-7.1‰and+0.6‰.These values correspond to magmatic sulfur whit possible interaction with wall rocks.Magmatic fluids were successively diluted during cooling and continuous ascent.Secondary boiling would lead to variable amounts of potassic or prophylactic alteration and the hydrogen diffusion into the inclusions hosted in sphalerite of Latala.展开更多
基金Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.
文摘In this study,copper extraction from low-grade oxide-sulfide ores was investigated using a leaching method combined with response surface methodology(RSM)to optimize operational conditions and assess leaching kinetics.Given copper's extensive industrial applications,sustainable recovery from low-grade ores is critical.Five key parameters-acid concentration,leaching time,particle size,temperature,and solids percentage-were identified as major influences on copper recovery.The results revealed that leaching time and solids percentage,along with interactions between temperature-time and temperature-solids percentage,had the most significant effects.Optimal conditions for 80% copper recovery while minimizing iron recovery below 3% included an acid concentration of 1.21 mol L^(-1),a leaching time of 108 min,a particle size of 438μm,a temperature of 45℃,and a solids percentage of 18.2%.Leaching kinetics were analyzed using shrinking core models,with the Dickinson model best describing the process,showing an activation energy of 32.63 kJ mol^(-1),indicative of mixed diffusion and chemical reaction control.The final kinetic model effectively predicted the influence of key parameters.These findings highlight the importance of optimizing process variables and selecting suitable kinetic models to enhance extraction efficiency,reduce costs,and improve sustainability in copper recovery.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology of Iran and TRIGGER Program。
文摘This paper presents the properties of fluid inclusions found in sphalerite from Latala epithermal base and precious metal deposit(Central Iran),which is hosted in Cenozoic volcanicsedimentary host-rocks.The Latala Deposit represents an example of vein type,base metal deposits in the Miduk porphyry copper deposits(PCDs)in southern Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic belt(UDMB).Mineralization in Latala epithermal base and precious metal vein type formed in 3 stages and sphalerite-quartz veins occur in stages 2 and 3.Stage 2 quartz-sphalerite veins are associated with chalcopyrite and zoned sphalerite,along with quartz+hematite,and Stage 3 quartz-sphalerite veins contain galena+sphalerite+chalcopyrite and quartz with overgrowth of calcite.Mineralization in Stage 3 occurs as replacement bodies and contains Fe-poor sphalerite without zoning in the outer parts of the deposit.This paper focuses on fluid inclusions in veins bearing sphalerite and quartz.The fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures and salinity in sphalerite(some with typical zoning)range from 144 to 285℃and from 0.2 wt.%to 7.6 wt.%NaCl eq.Sphalerite and fluid inclusions of the Latala base and precious metal deposit formed from relatively low-T and low-salinity solutions.Raman spectroscopy analyses indicate a high percentage of CO2 in the gas phase of fluid inclusions in Fe-poor sphalerites,as expected with melting temperature for CO2 of-56.6℃,and significant amounts of H2.Lack of reduced carbon species(methane and lighter hydrocarbons)was confirmed in the petrographic study using UV light and Raman spectroscopy.High amounts of H2 in fluid inclusions of Fe-poor sphalerite can be the result of different intensities of alteration and diffusion processes.The common occurrences of CO2 in fluid inclusions have originated from magma degassing and dissolution of carbonates.Theδ^34S values for sulfide minerals in galena of sphalerite bearing veins vary between-9.8‰and-1.0‰,and theδ^34S values calculated for H2 S are between-7.1‰and+0.6‰.These values correspond to magmatic sulfur whit possible interaction with wall rocks.Magmatic fluids were successively diluted during cooling and continuous ascent.Secondary boiling would lead to variable amounts of potassic or prophylactic alteration and the hydrogen diffusion into the inclusions hosted in sphalerite of Latala.
