Modeling the potential distribution areas for a given species is important in understanding the relationship between the actual distribution and the most suitable habitat for a species. In this study, we obtained all ...Modeling the potential distribution areas for a given species is important in understanding the relationship between the actual distribution and the most suitable habitat for a species. In this study, we obtained all available records of Trapelus ruderatus and Trapelus persicus from museums, literature and fieldwork and used them with environmental layers in the Maximum Entropy algorithm to predict highly suitable habitat areas. The distribution model of T. ruderatus and T. persicus showed excellent performance for both models （T. ruderatus AUC = 0.964 ± 0.001 and T. persicus AUC = 0.996 ± 0.003）, and predicted suitable regions in Iran, Turkey, Iraq and Syria. Niche overlap was measured between the two groups by ENMtools and 13% overlapped. We used a niche identity test to determine differences between the niches of the two species. Finally, by comparing our null hypothesis to the true niche overlap of the two species, we were able to reject our null hypothesis of no difference between the niches. Due to the sympatric distribution pattern of these species, we do not need a background test for niche divergence.展开更多
As one of the important components of China’s Middle East diplomacy and overall foreign aid,Middle East states have received aid from China since 1954.While the research in this regard is fragmented to a certain exte...As one of the important components of China’s Middle East diplomacy and overall foreign aid,Middle East states have received aid from China since 1954.While the research in this regard is fragmented to a certain extent,the problem of interpretation has become more and more controversial.This paper attempts to review the history of China’s aid to Middle East states through the integration of research data,through three stages of division and analysis of typical forms of aid.This paper finds that the medical teams of foreign aid sent by China in the 1960s and the labour export in the 1970s were developed from the practice of China’s aid to the Middle East states and then extended to other regions.In the early 21st century,China further strengthened its technological cooperation and human resources development cooperation with Middle East states in the new era of rising economic status.This article finds complexities in the role of Middle East states in the field of international aid and the dynamic changes in actual aid needs,due to the lack of authoritative information on relevant regions,total amount of country aid and the amount of funds for each type of aid,as well as the deviations in definitions of‘aid’at home and abroad,which has limited Chinese literature on aid to the Middle East.展开更多
文摘Modeling the potential distribution areas for a given species is important in understanding the relationship between the actual distribution and the most suitable habitat for a species. In this study, we obtained all available records of Trapelus ruderatus and Trapelus persicus from museums, literature and fieldwork and used them with environmental layers in the Maximum Entropy algorithm to predict highly suitable habitat areas. The distribution model of T. ruderatus and T. persicus showed excellent performance for both models （T. ruderatus AUC = 0.964 ± 0.001 and T. persicus AUC = 0.996 ± 0.003）, and predicted suitable regions in Iran, Turkey, Iraq and Syria. Niche overlap was measured between the two groups by ENMtools and 13% overlapped. We used a niche identity test to determine differences between the niches of the two species. Finally, by comparing our null hypothesis to the true niche overlap of the two species, we were able to reject our null hypothesis of no difference between the niches. Due to the sympatric distribution pattern of these species, we do not need a background test for niche divergence.
基金supported by China’s National Social Science Key Research Programme‘China’s Integrative Diplomacy towards the Arab Countries under the Framework of China-Arab States Cooperation Forum’(19AGJ010)supported by the China Scholarship Council(CSC).
文摘As one of the important components of China’s Middle East diplomacy and overall foreign aid,Middle East states have received aid from China since 1954.While the research in this regard is fragmented to a certain extent,the problem of interpretation has become more and more controversial.This paper attempts to review the history of China’s aid to Middle East states through the integration of research data,through three stages of division and analysis of typical forms of aid.This paper finds that the medical teams of foreign aid sent by China in the 1960s and the labour export in the 1970s were developed from the practice of China’s aid to the Middle East states and then extended to other regions.In the early 21st century,China further strengthened its technological cooperation and human resources development cooperation with Middle East states in the new era of rising economic status.This article finds complexities in the role of Middle East states in the field of international aid and the dynamic changes in actual aid needs,due to the lack of authoritative information on relevant regions,total amount of country aid and the amount of funds for each type of aid,as well as the deviations in definitions of‘aid’at home and abroad,which has limited Chinese literature on aid to the Middle East.
