The history of international industrialization shows that Latin American countries and former Soviet Union and Eastern European countries experienced a siginificant drop in economic growth and fell into the middle-inc...The history of international industrialization shows that Latin American countries and former Soviet Union and Eastern European countries experienced a siginificant drop in economic growth and fell into the middle-income trap when their per capita GDP reached 4,000-7,000 international dollar （based on the 1990 prices） as a result of long-term implemented import-oriented strategy and planned economic system. Fortunately, China adopted reform and opening-up policy beginning at a lower development phase and achieved sustained high-speed growth for more than thirty years. Currently, China has surpassed the phase which the above-mentioned countries fell into the middle-income trap. On the other side, experiences of successful runner-ups show that when per capita GDP reached II,000 international dollar （based on the 1990 prices）, economic growth speed will present regularly ＂natural drop ＂. Without internal and external shocks, China＇s economy is expected to reach this level by 2015 and the potential growth rate will possibly drop significantly. In this regard, China＇s toughest challenges will be whether it can effectively prevent and solve the financial risks accumulated during high-speed growth and make a shift to innovation-driven growth model Time is pressing for addressing the above challenges. A fundamental change in the growth model depends on the intensification of reform, in particular, the promotion of an ＂participatory and facilitative reform ＂approach.展开更多
Through review of relevant studies and analysis, this article indicates that the ＂middleincome trap ＂ is in line with the framework of the mainstream economic growth theories, and, therefore, it is a useful concept ...Through review of relevant studies and analysis, this article indicates that the ＂middleincome trap ＂ is in line with the framework of the mainstream economic growth theories, and, therefore, it is a useful concept through which we can analyze economic growth phenomena in specific economic growth phases. The empirical experiences of many countries also indicate that at specific middle-income stages, economies with high rates of growth tend to encounter economic slowdown or even stagnation. The article shows that China is facing the challenge of determining how to move smoothly beyond the middle-income stage of economic development, while taking into account the shifting population structure, changing resource endowment and growth patterns. The article, drawing on international experiences, puts forward several policy suggestions relating to improvement in total factor productivity, expansion of human capital accumulation and deepening of system and governmentfunction reforms.展开更多
China is at a crucial stage of overcoming the middle-income trap, with the factors that drive economic growth having undergone significant changes, and domestic consumption playing a more important role in economic gr...China is at a crucial stage of overcoming the middle-income trap, with the factors that drive economic growth having undergone significant changes, and domestic consumption playing a more important role in economic growth. It is necessary, at this point, to promote mass consumption by expanding the middle-income group. The present paper puts forward the concept of the ＂double middle-income traps.＂ This refers to the situation in which an economy＇s per capita output stagnates and the size of the middle- income group is unable to expand for an extended period of time. These two factors are closely related. Based on data from the Chinese Social Survey conducted by the Institute of Sociology at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the present paper analyzes the scale and development of middle-income groups, and the relationship among middle- income groups, the middle-class and middle-class identity. The marginal consumption propensities of middle-income groups are also considered. The findings of the paper indicate that the expansion of the middle-income group plays an important role in promoting mass consumption, maintaining continuous and stable economic growth, and overcoming the double middle-income traps.展开更多
The news China surpassed Japan as the world’s second largest economy in 2010 has put China in the limelight. China’s per-capita GDP has reached $4,000, turning the country from a lower middle-income country to an up...The news China surpassed Japan as the world’s second largest economy in 2010 has put China in the limelight. China’s per-capita GDP has reached $4,000, turning the country from a lower middle-income country to an upper middle-income country. But the economic growth model is still extensive and the income gap between the rich and the poor is widening.展开更多
Activation of neutrophil membrane receptors initiates intracellular signal transduction cascades that orchestrate the cell's effector functions,including phagocytosis,production of reactive oxygen and halogen spec...Activation of neutrophil membrane receptors initiates intracellular signal transduction cascades that orchestrate the cell's effector functions,including phagocytosis,production of reactive oxygen and halogen species,degranulation,and NETosis(formation of neutrophil extracellular traps[NETs]).NETs,which contain antimicrobial compounds such as myeloperoxidase(MPO),represent a strategy to combat infection.However,excessive production of NETs promotes thrombosis,diabetes mellitus,and other diseases.Therefore,investigations into the mechanisms of NETosis and the identification of modulators of this process are critical for developing strategies to address NETosis-related disorders.Here,we identified a novel NETosis inducer,human serum albumin(HSA)modified by the MPO product hypochlorous acid(HSAHOCl),whose accumulation in vivo was correlated with inflammatory processes.Using human blood neutrophils,we investigated HSAHOCl-induced NETosis and detected NET formation by flow cytometry.The results showed that the mechanism of HSAHOClinduced NETosis involved MPO,NADPH oxidase,and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases(PI3Ks),and that HSAHOCl activated a reactive oxygen species-dependent suicidal type of NETosis.Moreover,HSAHOCl-induced NETosis was inhibited by an anti-HSAHOCl monoclonal antibody.Thus,our findings may facilitate the development of strategies to modulate NETosis in inflammation associated with elevated MPO activity.展开更多
Optical tweezers technology has the characteristics of noncontact manipulation in three dimensions and steerable separation in solutions,and could be applied to obtain a separated sperm with high quality for intracyto...Optical tweezers technology has the characteristics of noncontact manipulation in three dimensions and steerable separation in solutions,and could be applied to obtain a separated sperm with high quality for intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI).However,the effects of optical tweezers on sperm motility are still unclear.To elucidate the effects on sperm motility for optical tweezers,we systematically investigated the correlation between motility parameters and the parameters of optical tweezers(wavelength,power,trapping duration,and trapping orientation).Under three systems of optical tweezers with different laser wavelengths(1064,850,and 785 nm),the nine motility parameters of free swimming were mainly affected by trapping orientation(vertical/horizontal)and trapping duration.When 850 nm laser and 1064 nm laser are used,vertical trapping significantly reduces sperm free-swimming capability with prolonged exposure time,whereas horizontal trapping exhibits relatively minor interference on sperm motility.Notably,the 785 nm laser does not induce statistically significant changes in key parameters of sperm motility under any experimental conditions(trapping orientation and duration).For the rolling frequency of trapped sperm,horizontal trapping for three wavelengths has a negligible effect compared with vertical trapping,especially for the 785 nm laser.In conclusion,horizontal trapping can preserve sperm motility under low power(below 140mW at 1064 nm,below 100mW at 850nm,below 60mW at 785 nm)and short duration(below 4 min).This trapping duration is suffcient for the separation procedure of single live sperm in ICSI.This study provides critical parameter optimization guidelines for the safe application of optical tweezers technology in reproductive medicine.展开更多
The development of electrocatalysts that both work effectively at industrial current density and resist chloride ion(Cl^(-))corrosion remains a key challenge for hydrogen production from Cl^(-)-rich alkaline water.Her...The development of electrocatalysts that both work effectively at industrial current density and resist chloride ion(Cl^(-))corrosion remains a key challenge for hydrogen production from Cl^(-)-rich alkaline water.Herein,we report a CrO_(x)-engineered nickel-based oxide catalyst(FeCoCrO_(x)/NF)that achieves exceptional activity and stability through a dual-functional interfacial mechanism.Combing in situ Raman spectroscopy,18O isotopic labeling,and electrochemical analysis,we demonstrate that the oxygen evolution reaction follows a lattice oxygen-mediated mechanism.The CrO_(x)layer selectively adsorbs hydroxide ions,forming a dynamic interfacial barrier that electrostatically repels Cl^(-)ingress,thereby mitigating Cl^(-)corrosion.Through enthalpy-based analysis,we demonstrate that electronic redistribution via Cr-O-Fe bonding increases the vacancy formation energy of Fe,thereby suppressing its dissolution.In alkaline electrolyte containing 0.5 M Cl^(-)(1.0 M KOH),the catalyst is operating continuously for 1400 h at an industrial current density of 1000 mA cm^(-2).Furthermore,the catalyst retains 99.5%of its initial activity under fluctuating current density(100-1000 mA cm^(-2)),demonstrating robustness required for industrial electrolyzers.This study establishes a paradigm for designing corrosion-resistant electrocatalysts through the synergistic modulation of interfacial ion selectivity and bulk lattice oxygen activation,advancing the application of green hydrogen production in Cl^(-)-rich alkaline water.展开更多
China’s economic growth has now changed from high to medium-high speed,which has aroused arguments on whether the Chinese economy will experience a hard landing and fall into the middle-income trap.Answers to these q...China’s economic growth has now changed from high to medium-high speed,which has aroused arguments on whether the Chinese economy will experience a hard landing and fall into the middle-income trap.Answers to these questions must factor-in long-term growth frameworks as well as international conditions.展开更多
Neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)have emerged as key mediators of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs),linking innate immune activation to vascular injury,thrombosis,and maladaptive remodeling.This review synthesizes rece...Neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)have emerged as key mediators of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs),linking innate immune activation to vascular injury,thrombosis,and maladaptive remodeling.This review synthesizes recent insights into the molecular and cellular pathways driving NET formation,including post-translational modifications,metabolic reprogramming,inflammasome signaling,and autophagy.It highlights the role of NETs in atherosclerosis,thrombosis,myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury,and hypertension,emphasizing common control points such as peptidylarginine deiminase 4(PAD4)-dependent histone citrullination and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases 2(NOX2)-mediated oxidative stress.Mechanistic interpretation of circulating biomarkers,includingmyeloperoxidase(MPO)-DNA complexes,citrullinated histoneH3,and cell-free DNA,provides a translational bridge between NET biology and patient stratification.Therapeutic strategies targeting NETs are examined through three main approaches:inhibition of NET initiation,enhancement of chromatin clearance,and neutralization of toxic extracellular components,with attention to both established and emerging interventions.In contrast to previous reviews,this study highlights the novelty of a mechano-therapeutic framework by providing a mechanistic roadmap linking NET formation pathways to therapeutic targeting in cardiovascular disease.Moving forward,integrating mechanistic information with biomarker discovery,precision profiling,and targeted therapies offers innovative strategies to reduce vascular inflammation and improve outcomes in cardiovascular disease.展开更多
Owing to the presence of a low-energy,long-lived nuclear isomeric state,^(229)Th is an ideal candidate for developing the next generation clock—the nuclear clock—holding great promise for both applied and fundamenta...Owing to the presence of a low-energy,long-lived nuclear isomeric state,^(229)Th is an ideal candidate for developing the next generation clock—the nuclear clock—holding great promise for both applied and fundamental physics.The^(229)Th ionic nuclear optical clock has garnered considerable attention,attributed to its high precision with a relative uncertainty of≤1.5×10^(-19)and the potential for common-mode noise cancellation via self-comparison between the nuclear transition and the electronic transition of thorium ions.In this article,we focus on Th^(n+)ions(n=1,2,3)and present a comprehensive review of the current progress in the development of ionic nuclear clocks,covering essential steps such as ion generation,trapping,and cooling.Furthermore,we discuss the realization of a closed-loop clock cycle,addressing key aspects including stable isomer excitation and efficient isomer deexcitation.展开更多
Self-trapped excitons(STEs),known for their unique radiative properties,have been harnessed in diverse photonic devices;however,their comprehensive understanding and manipulation remain elusive.In this study,we presen...Self-trapped excitons(STEs),known for their unique radiative properties,have been harnessed in diverse photonic devices;however,their comprehensive understanding and manipulation remain elusive.In this study,we present novel experimental and theoretical evidence revealing the hybrid nature and optical tunability of STE state in Cs_(2)Ag_(0.4)Na_(0.6)InCl_(6).The detection of the Fano resonance in laser energy-dependent Raman and photoluminescence spectra indicates the emergence of an exciton-phonon hybrid state,arising from robust quantum interference between the discrete phonon and continuum exciton states.Moreover,we demonstrate continuous tuning of this hybrid state with the energy and intensity of the laser field.These findings lay the foundation for a comprehensive understanding of the nature of STE and their potential for state control.展开更多
Little is known about the role of active school travel(AST)on mental health among adolescents.Thus,this study aimed to explore the AST-depression association among adolescents aged 12–15 years from 26 low-and middle-...Little is known about the role of active school travel(AST)on mental health among adolescents.Thus,this study aimed to explore the AST-depression association among adolescents aged 12–15 years from 26 low-and middle-income countries(LMICs).Data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey were analyzed in 51,702 adolescents[mean(SD)age 13.8(1.0)years;49.3%boys).Both depressive symptoms and AST were assessed by a single question self-reported measure,respectively.Participants who reported having 5 days or above were considered as AST.Multivariable logistic regression analysis(accounting for sampling weights)was performed while controlling for gender,age,physical activity,sedentary behavior,and food insecurity,and a countrywide meta-analysis was undertaken.The prevalence of depressive symptoms and AST were 30.1%and 37.0%,respectively.Compared with those not having AST,adolescents with AST were less likely to have self-reported depressive symptoms(OR=0.88,95%CI:0.85-0.93)regardless of gender.Countrywide meta-analysis demonstrated that having AST versus not having AST was associated with 12%lower odds for depressive symptoms(OR=0.88;95%CI:0.82-0.94)but with a moderate between-country heterogeneity(I^(2)=59.0%).Based on large samples of adolescents from LMICs,it would be expected that AST may play a critical role in preventing adolescent depression worldwide.However,it is necessary to consider more country-specific factors when implementing AST-related mental health interventions.Future studies should adopt the solid study design to confirm or negate our researchfindings.展开更多
The WHO declared the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak as a public health emergency of international concern on January 30,2020,and then a pandemic on March 11,2020.COVID-19 affected over 200 countries and te...The WHO declared the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak as a public health emergency of international concern on January 30,2020,and then a pandemic on March 11,2020.COVID-19 affected over 200 countries and territories worldwide,with 25,541,380 confirmed cases and 852,000 deaths associated with COVID-19 globally,as of September 1,2020.1 While facing such a public health emergency,hospitals were on the front line to deliver health care and psychological services.The early detection,diagnosis,reporting,isolation,and clinical management of patients during a public health emergency required the extensive involvement of hospitals in all aspects.The response capacity of hospitals directly determined the outcomes of the prevention and control of an outbreak.The COVID-19 pandemic has affected almost all nations and territories regardless of their development level or geographic location,although suitable risk mitigation measures differ between developing and developed countries.In low-and middle-income countries(LMICs),the consequences of the pandemic could be more complicated because incidence and mortality might be associated more with a fragile health care system and shortage of related resources.2-3 As evidenced by the situation in Bangladesh,India,Kenya,South Africa,and other LMICs,socioeconomic status(SES)disparity was a major factor in the spread of disease,potentially leading to alarmingly insufficient preparedness and responses in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic.4 Conversely,the pandemic might also bring more unpredictable socioeconomic and long-term impacts in LMICs,and those with lower SES fare worse in these situations.This review aimed to summarize the responsibilities of and measures taken by hospitals in combatting the COVID-19 outbreak.Our findings are hoped to provide experiences,as well as lessons and potential implications for LMICs.展开更多
In recent decades, the ecological environment has been increasingly challenged by the development of global industrialization and urbanization all over the world, even as global attention for health has raised dramati...In recent decades, the ecological environment has been increasingly challenged by the development of global industrialization and urbanization all over the world, even as global attention for health has raised dramatically. Common global environmental issues, such as air pollution and noise pollution, are associated with lasting impacts on health and contribute significantly to the overall burden of disease. Moreover, a global disparity exists between the burden of such environmental health issues and the global resources available to address this issue. To alleviate the environmental health impacts and ensure a sustainable future for human beings, China has made an important contribution to improving access to ecological protection, environmental governance, patriotic health campaigns, smart city construction, and so on. Experiences gained in China may be useful for some other countries, particularly the low- and middle-income countries with limited sources.展开更多
This paper draws attention to the prospects of sea-based economy to promote Bangladesh in a middle-income country through the sustainable use of marine resources. About three-fourths of the earth is covered by the sea...This paper draws attention to the prospects of sea-based economy to promote Bangladesh in a middle-income country through the sustainable use of marine resources. About three-fourths of the earth is covered by the seas. It plays the vital role in two important functions from ancient time known as the means of communication and the source of huge living and non-living natural resources. At present, the countries are becoming very much concerned about their marine resources to resolve many of the present and future challenges of their economies. Generally for Bangladesh, ocean is contributing a significant role to its overall socio-economic progress through rising up the economic activities across the country and especially to the coastal zone at southern part. This paper investigates how much Bangladesh is capable to take of or handle the challenges to become a middle income country through the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In addition, it has attempted with a closer-look to find out the barriers or limitations of these activities from different angles if exist.展开更多
文摘The history of international industrialization shows that Latin American countries and former Soviet Union and Eastern European countries experienced a siginificant drop in economic growth and fell into the middle-income trap when their per capita GDP reached 4,000-7,000 international dollar （based on the 1990 prices） as a result of long-term implemented import-oriented strategy and planned economic system. Fortunately, China adopted reform and opening-up policy beginning at a lower development phase and achieved sustained high-speed growth for more than thirty years. Currently, China has surpassed the phase which the above-mentioned countries fell into the middle-income trap. On the other side, experiences of successful runner-ups show that when per capita GDP reached II,000 international dollar （based on the 1990 prices）, economic growth speed will present regularly ＂natural drop ＂. Without internal and external shocks, China＇s economy is expected to reach this level by 2015 and the potential growth rate will possibly drop significantly. In this regard, China＇s toughest challenges will be whether it can effectively prevent and solve the financial risks accumulated during high-speed growth and make a shift to innovation-driven growth model Time is pressing for addressing the above challenges. A fundamental change in the growth model depends on the intensification of reform, in particular, the promotion of an ＂participatory and facilitative reform ＂approach.
文摘Through review of relevant studies and analysis, this article indicates that the ＂middleincome trap ＂ is in line with the framework of the mainstream economic growth theories, and, therefore, it is a useful concept through which we can analyze economic growth phenomena in specific economic growth phases. The empirical experiences of many countries also indicate that at specific middle-income stages, economies with high rates of growth tend to encounter economic slowdown or even stagnation. The article shows that China is facing the challenge of determining how to move smoothly beyond the middle-income stage of economic development, while taking into account the shifting population structure, changing resource endowment and growth patterns. The article, drawing on international experiences, puts forward several policy suggestions relating to improvement in total factor productivity, expansion of human capital accumulation and deepening of system and governmentfunction reforms.
文摘China is at a crucial stage of overcoming the middle-income trap, with the factors that drive economic growth having undergone significant changes, and domestic consumption playing a more important role in economic growth. It is necessary, at this point, to promote mass consumption by expanding the middle-income group. The present paper puts forward the concept of the ＂double middle-income traps.＂ This refers to the situation in which an economy＇s per capita output stagnates and the size of the middle- income group is unable to expand for an extended period of time. These two factors are closely related. Based on data from the Chinese Social Survey conducted by the Institute of Sociology at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the present paper analyzes the scale and development of middle-income groups, and the relationship among middle- income groups, the middle-class and middle-class identity. The marginal consumption propensities of middle-income groups are also considered. The findings of the paper indicate that the expansion of the middle-income group plays an important role in promoting mass consumption, maintaining continuous and stable economic growth, and overcoming the double middle-income traps.
文摘The news China surpassed Japan as the world’s second largest economy in 2010 has put China in the limelight. China’s per-capita GDP has reached $4,000, turning the country from a lower middle-income country to an upper middle-income country. But the economic growth model is still extensive and the income gap between the rich and the poor is widening.
文摘Activation of neutrophil membrane receptors initiates intracellular signal transduction cascades that orchestrate the cell's effector functions,including phagocytosis,production of reactive oxygen and halogen species,degranulation,and NETosis(formation of neutrophil extracellular traps[NETs]).NETs,which contain antimicrobial compounds such as myeloperoxidase(MPO),represent a strategy to combat infection.However,excessive production of NETs promotes thrombosis,diabetes mellitus,and other diseases.Therefore,investigations into the mechanisms of NETosis and the identification of modulators of this process are critical for developing strategies to address NETosis-related disorders.Here,we identified a novel NETosis inducer,human serum albumin(HSA)modified by the MPO product hypochlorous acid(HSAHOCl),whose accumulation in vivo was correlated with inflammatory processes.Using human blood neutrophils,we investigated HSAHOCl-induced NETosis and detected NET formation by flow cytometry.The results showed that the mechanism of HSAHOClinduced NETosis involved MPO,NADPH oxidase,and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases(PI3Ks),and that HSAHOCl activated a reactive oxygen species-dependent suicidal type of NETosis.Moreover,HSAHOCl-induced NETosis was inhibited by an anti-HSAHOCl monoclonal antibody.Thus,our findings may facilitate the development of strategies to modulate NETosis in inflammation associated with elevated MPO activity.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province in China(2508085MF166)Research Fund of Anhui Institute of Translational Medicine(2024zh-03)+2 种基金Key Scientific Research Foundation of Education Department of Anhui Province(2023AH040083)National Natural Science Foundation of China(12404353)Cultivation Project of Training Young and Middle-aged Teachers in Universities of Anhui Province(DTR2023013).
文摘Optical tweezers technology has the characteristics of noncontact manipulation in three dimensions and steerable separation in solutions,and could be applied to obtain a separated sperm with high quality for intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI).However,the effects of optical tweezers on sperm motility are still unclear.To elucidate the effects on sperm motility for optical tweezers,we systematically investigated the correlation between motility parameters and the parameters of optical tweezers(wavelength,power,trapping duration,and trapping orientation).Under three systems of optical tweezers with different laser wavelengths(1064,850,and 785 nm),the nine motility parameters of free swimming were mainly affected by trapping orientation(vertical/horizontal)and trapping duration.When 850 nm laser and 1064 nm laser are used,vertical trapping significantly reduces sperm free-swimming capability with prolonged exposure time,whereas horizontal trapping exhibits relatively minor interference on sperm motility.Notably,the 785 nm laser does not induce statistically significant changes in key parameters of sperm motility under any experimental conditions(trapping orientation and duration).For the rolling frequency of trapped sperm,horizontal trapping for three wavelengths has a negligible effect compared with vertical trapping,especially for the 785 nm laser.In conclusion,horizontal trapping can preserve sperm motility under low power(below 140mW at 1064 nm,below 100mW at 850nm,below 60mW at 785 nm)and short duration(below 4 min).This trapping duration is suffcient for the separation procedure of single live sperm in ICSI.This study provides critical parameter optimization guidelines for the safe application of optical tweezers technology in reproductive medicine.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China under Grant No.22269021the Tianshan Talent Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region:2023TSYCQNTJ0039the Open project of Key Laboratory in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China:2023D04027。
文摘The development of electrocatalysts that both work effectively at industrial current density and resist chloride ion(Cl^(-))corrosion remains a key challenge for hydrogen production from Cl^(-)-rich alkaline water.Herein,we report a CrO_(x)-engineered nickel-based oxide catalyst(FeCoCrO_(x)/NF)that achieves exceptional activity and stability through a dual-functional interfacial mechanism.Combing in situ Raman spectroscopy,18O isotopic labeling,and electrochemical analysis,we demonstrate that the oxygen evolution reaction follows a lattice oxygen-mediated mechanism.The CrO_(x)layer selectively adsorbs hydroxide ions,forming a dynamic interfacial barrier that electrostatically repels Cl^(-)ingress,thereby mitigating Cl^(-)corrosion.Through enthalpy-based analysis,we demonstrate that electronic redistribution via Cr-O-Fe bonding increases the vacancy formation energy of Fe,thereby suppressing its dissolution.In alkaline electrolyte containing 0.5 M Cl^(-)(1.0 M KOH),the catalyst is operating continuously for 1400 h at an industrial current density of 1000 mA cm^(-2).Furthermore,the catalyst retains 99.5%of its initial activity under fluctuating current density(100-1000 mA cm^(-2)),demonstrating robustness required for industrial electrolyzers.This study establishes a paradigm for designing corrosion-resistant electrocatalysts through the synergistic modulation of interfacial ion selectivity and bulk lattice oxygen activation,advancing the application of green hydrogen production in Cl^(-)-rich alkaline water.
文摘China’s economic growth has now changed from high to medium-high speed,which has aroused arguments on whether the Chinese economy will experience a hard landing and fall into the middle-income trap.Answers to these questions must factor-in long-term growth frameworks as well as international conditions.
文摘Neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)have emerged as key mediators of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs),linking innate immune activation to vascular injury,thrombosis,and maladaptive remodeling.This review synthesizes recent insights into the molecular and cellular pathways driving NET formation,including post-translational modifications,metabolic reprogramming,inflammasome signaling,and autophagy.It highlights the role of NETs in atherosclerosis,thrombosis,myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury,and hypertension,emphasizing common control points such as peptidylarginine deiminase 4(PAD4)-dependent histone citrullination and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases 2(NOX2)-mediated oxidative stress.Mechanistic interpretation of circulating biomarkers,includingmyeloperoxidase(MPO)-DNA complexes,citrullinated histoneH3,and cell-free DNA,provides a translational bridge between NET biology and patient stratification.Therapeutic strategies targeting NETs are examined through three main approaches:inhibition of NET initiation,enhancement of chromatin clearance,and neutralization of toxic extracellular components,with attention to both established and emerging interventions.In contrast to previous reviews,this study highlights the novelty of a mechano-therapeutic framework by providing a mechanistic roadmap linking NET formation pathways to therapeutic targeting in cardiovascular disease.Moving forward,integrating mechanistic information with biomarker discovery,precision profiling,and targeted therapies offers innovative strategies to reduce vascular inflammation and improve outcomes in cardiovascular disease.
基金Project supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB0920000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12341401)。
文摘Owing to the presence of a low-energy,long-lived nuclear isomeric state,^(229)Th is an ideal candidate for developing the next generation clock—the nuclear clock—holding great promise for both applied and fundamental physics.The^(229)Th ionic nuclear optical clock has garnered considerable attention,attributed to its high precision with a relative uncertainty of≤1.5×10^(-19)and the potential for common-mode noise cancellation via self-comparison between the nuclear transition and the electronic transition of thorium ions.In this article,we focus on Th^(n+)ions(n=1,2,3)and present a comprehensive review of the current progress in the development of ionic nuclear clocks,covering essential steps such as ion generation,trapping,and cooling.Furthermore,we discuss the realization of a closed-loop clock cycle,addressing key aspects including stable isomer excitation and efficient isomer deexcitation.
基金funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12525405)funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12393831)the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(Grant No.YSBR-120)。
文摘Self-trapped excitons(STEs),known for their unique radiative properties,have been harnessed in diverse photonic devices;however,their comprehensive understanding and manipulation remain elusive.In this study,we present novel experimental and theoretical evidence revealing the hybrid nature and optical tunability of STE state in Cs_(2)Ag_(0.4)Na_(0.6)InCl_(6).The detection of the Fano resonance in laser energy-dependent Raman and photoluminescence spectra indicates the emergence of an exciton-phonon hybrid state,arising from robust quantum interference between the discrete phonon and continuum exciton states.Moreover,we demonstrate continuous tuning of this hybrid state with the energy and intensity of the laser field.These findings lay the foundation for a comprehensive understanding of the nature of STE and their potential for state control.
基金supported by the National Social Science Foundation(18BTY011)Brendon Stubbs is supported by a Clinical Lectureship(ICA-CL-2017-03-001)jointly funded by Health Education England(HEE)and the National Institute for Health Research(NIHR)+1 种基金Brendon Stubbs is part funded by the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust.Brendon Stubbs also holds active grants with the Medical Research Council(GCRF and multimorbidity calls)and Guys and St Thomas Charity(GSTT).Brendon Stubbs has received consultancy fees from ASICS Europe BV.The views expressed are those of the author(s)and not necessarily those of the(partner organization),the NHS,the NIHR,the Department of Health and Social Care,the MRC or GSTTZD’s contribution was supported by the Hungarian National Research,Development and Innovation Office(KKP126835,ELTE Thematic Excellence Programme 2020,KP2020-IKA-05).
文摘Little is known about the role of active school travel(AST)on mental health among adolescents.Thus,this study aimed to explore the AST-depression association among adolescents aged 12–15 years from 26 low-and middle-income countries(LMICs).Data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey were analyzed in 51,702 adolescents[mean(SD)age 13.8(1.0)years;49.3%boys).Both depressive symptoms and AST were assessed by a single question self-reported measure,respectively.Participants who reported having 5 days or above were considered as AST.Multivariable logistic regression analysis(accounting for sampling weights)was performed while controlling for gender,age,physical activity,sedentary behavior,and food insecurity,and a countrywide meta-analysis was undertaken.The prevalence of depressive symptoms and AST were 30.1%and 37.0%,respectively.Compared with those not having AST,adolescents with AST were less likely to have self-reported depressive symptoms(OR=0.88,95%CI:0.85-0.93)regardless of gender.Countrywide meta-analysis demonstrated that having AST versus not having AST was associated with 12%lower odds for depressive symptoms(OR=0.88;95%CI:0.82-0.94)but with a moderate between-country heterogeneity(I^(2)=59.0%).Based on large samples of adolescents from LMICs,it would be expected that AST may play a critical role in preventing adolescent depression worldwide.However,it is necessary to consider more country-specific factors when implementing AST-related mental health interventions.Future studies should adopt the solid study design to confirm or negate our researchfindings.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72042014).
文摘The WHO declared the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak as a public health emergency of international concern on January 30,2020,and then a pandemic on March 11,2020.COVID-19 affected over 200 countries and territories worldwide,with 25,541,380 confirmed cases and 852,000 deaths associated with COVID-19 globally,as of September 1,2020.1 While facing such a public health emergency,hospitals were on the front line to deliver health care and psychological services.The early detection,diagnosis,reporting,isolation,and clinical management of patients during a public health emergency required the extensive involvement of hospitals in all aspects.The response capacity of hospitals directly determined the outcomes of the prevention and control of an outbreak.The COVID-19 pandemic has affected almost all nations and territories regardless of their development level or geographic location,although suitable risk mitigation measures differ between developing and developed countries.In low-and middle-income countries(LMICs),the consequences of the pandemic could be more complicated because incidence and mortality might be associated more with a fragile health care system and shortage of related resources.2-3 As evidenced by the situation in Bangladesh,India,Kenya,South Africa,and other LMICs,socioeconomic status(SES)disparity was a major factor in the spread of disease,potentially leading to alarmingly insufficient preparedness and responses in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic.4 Conversely,the pandemic might also bring more unpredictable socioeconomic and long-term impacts in LMICs,and those with lower SES fare worse in these situations.This review aimed to summarize the responsibilities of and measures taken by hospitals in combatting the COVID-19 outbreak.Our findings are hoped to provide experiences,as well as lessons and potential implications for LMICs.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFC0206500)the National Research Program for Key Issues in Air Pollution Control of China(No.DQGG0401).
文摘In recent decades, the ecological environment has been increasingly challenged by the development of global industrialization and urbanization all over the world, even as global attention for health has raised dramatically. Common global environmental issues, such as air pollution and noise pollution, are associated with lasting impacts on health and contribute significantly to the overall burden of disease. Moreover, a global disparity exists between the burden of such environmental health issues and the global resources available to address this issue. To alleviate the environmental health impacts and ensure a sustainable future for human beings, China has made an important contribution to improving access to ecological protection, environmental governance, patriotic health campaigns, smart city construction, and so on. Experiences gained in China may be useful for some other countries, particularly the low- and middle-income countries with limited sources.
文摘This paper draws attention to the prospects of sea-based economy to promote Bangladesh in a middle-income country through the sustainable use of marine resources. About three-fourths of the earth is covered by the seas. It plays the vital role in two important functions from ancient time known as the means of communication and the source of huge living and non-living natural resources. At present, the countries are becoming very much concerned about their marine resources to resolve many of the present and future challenges of their economies. Generally for Bangladesh, ocean is contributing a significant role to its overall socio-economic progress through rising up the economic activities across the country and especially to the coastal zone at southern part. This paper investigates how much Bangladesh is capable to take of or handle the challenges to become a middle income country through the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In addition, it has attempted with a closer-look to find out the barriers or limitations of these activities from different angles if exist.
