Flowering time is a critical agronomic trait with a profound effect on the productivity and adaptabillity of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.).Strategically advancing flowering time can reduce the risk of yield losses due t...Flowering time is a critical agronomic trait with a profound effect on the productivity and adaptabillity of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.).Strategically advancing flowering time can reduce the risk of yield losses due to extreme climatic conditions and facilitate the cultivation of subsequent crops on the same land,thereby enhancing overall agricultural efficiency.In this review,we synthesize current information on flowering time regulation in rapeseed through an integrated analysis of its genetic,hormonal,and environmental dimensions,emphasizing their crosstalk and implications for yield.We consolidate multi-omics evidence from population genetics,functional genomics,and systems biology to create a haplotype-based framework that overcomes the trade-off between flowering time and yield,providing support for the precision breeding of early-maturing cultivars.The insights presented here could inform future research on flowering time regulation and guide strategies for increasing rapeseed productivity.展开更多
Chili fermentation is one of the most important processes in the production of Pixian Douban(PXDB),which determines the flavor and product quality of PXDB.However,the maturity of fermented chili mainly depends on empi...Chili fermentation is one of the most important processes in the production of Pixian Douban(PXDB),which determines the flavor and product quality of PXDB.However,the maturity of fermented chili mainly depends on empirical judgment,which can not satisfy the need for standardized production of PXDB.Therefore,this study aimed to investigate volatile and non-volatile substances during the maturation process and to find markers related to the maturity of fermented chili.Two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC×GC-MS)combined with multivariate statistical analysis and relative odor activity values(ROAV)analysis revealed that 2-methoxy-3-isobutyl pyrazine,linalool,3-(methylthio)propionaldehyde,myrcene,and decanal(ROAV≥1,VIP>1,P<0.05)were regarded as potentially active aromatic markers for differentiating fermentation time.Additionally,ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLCQTOF-MS)combined with multivariate statistical analysis revealed that 25 compounds could serve as differentiated non-volatile compounds.The correlation of maturity-related physicochemical indicators with volatile and nonvolatile compounds revealed that four volatile compounds(2-methoxy-3-isobutylpyrazine,linalool,myrcene,and decanal)along with seven non-volatile compounds could serve as markers for evaluating the maturity of fermented chili.This study is expected to establish a standard for the determination of the maturity the fermented chili and lay the foundation for intelligent production of PXDB.展开更多
Objectives:B-cell maturation antigen(BCMA)-targeted antibody–drug conjugates(ADCs)have emerged as promising therapies for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma(RRMM),but the overall efficacy and safety profile is uncl...Objectives:B-cell maturation antigen(BCMA)-targeted antibody–drug conjugates(ADCs)have emerged as promising therapies for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma(RRMM),but the overall efficacy and safety profile is unclear.This study aimed to synthesize the available evidence on the safety and efficacy of BCMA-ADCs in development for RRMM.Methods:A systematic search was conducted using six bibliographic databases and ClinicalTrials.gov up to November 2024.Studies were eligible if they were human clinical trials or animal studies evaluating BCMA-ADCs and reported efficacy and safety outcomes.Data extraction and quality assessments were conducted using validated tools,including ROBINS-I and SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool.Results:A total of 21 studies were included:16 clinical trials and five animal studies.Key findings included that belantamab mafodotin demonstrated variable but generally durable response rates(32%–85%)and a broad range of progression-free survival(PFS)(2.8–36.6 months),albeit with ocular toxicities in 51%–96%.Among newer candidates,MEDI2228 showed median PFS 5.1–6.6 months with 14%discontinuation for ocular symptoms,while AMG 224 had an overall response rate(ORR)of 23%(9/40)with anemia 21%,thrombocytopenia 24%,and ocular adverse events(AEs)21%.Animal studies supported the tumor-eradicating potential of all BCMA-ADC candidates,although safety signals such as hepatic and renal toxicity were noted with HDP-101.The risk of bias assessment revealed generally moderate to serious concerns in human trials,while the overall quality of the animal studies was acceptable.Conclusions:BCMA-targeted ADC candidates show encouraging efficacy in RRMM,particularly belantamab mafodotin.However,frequent AEs,especially ocular and hematologic toxicities,underscore the need for optimization in ADC design.Further research should prioritize enhancing safety while maintaining clinical benefit.展开更多
In vitro maturation(IvM)of human oocytes offers cost efficiency and minimal invasiveness,serving as a valuable supplementary tool in assisted reproduction for fertility preservation,ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome p...In vitro maturation(IvM)of human oocytes offers cost efficiency and minimal invasiveness,serving as a valuable supplementary tool in assisted reproduction for fertility preservation,ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome prevention,and other reproductive strategies.Despite its availability for three decades,the clinical use of IVM remains limited due to efficacy and safety concerns.This study examines the DNA methylation profile of IVM oocytes collected during laparoscopic/hysteroscopic surgeries compared to in vivo matured oocytes via reduced representation bisulfite sequencing.Results indicate IVM oocytes exhibit a higher global methylation level.Differentially methylated regions(DMRs)analysis reveals that the in vitro group displays more hypermethylated and fewer hypomethylated DMRs compared to the in vivo group.Additionally,the in vitro group exhibits a higher level of non-CpG methylation than the in vivo group.However,no significant correlation between methylation levels and transcriptional activity in these oocytes is found,especially for those specific imprinted genes or genes related to embryonic development.These findings shed light on the epigenetic landscape of IvM oocytes,contributing to the ongoing assessment of their clinical feasibility and safety in assisted reproduction.展开更多
In order to evaluate the involvement of the thyroid gland in reproduction, thyroid functioning was described in female cultivated Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) in progressive stages of sexual maturation induced by ...In order to evaluate the involvement of the thyroid gland in reproduction, thyroid functioning was described in female cultivated Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) in progressive stages of sexual maturation induced by chum salmon pituitary homogenate (SPH) treatment. Serum thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) were also measured in each stage. Thyroid gland activity (epithelial cell height) was high before SPH injection (previtellogenic stage), further increasing at the early vitellogenic stage, thereafter decreasing to late vitellogenic and migratory nucleus stages. The profiles of both T3 and T4 changed during vitellogenesis, being high during previtellogenic and early vitellogenic stages, and subsequently declining, thus mimicking thyroid gland activity. These results suggest that the thyroid has relation with eel ovarian development during artificial maturation.展开更多
Background Globally,the cultivation of cotton is constrained by its tendency for extended periods of growth.Early maturity plays a potential role in rainfed-based multiple cropping system especially in the current era...Background Globally,the cultivation of cotton is constrained by its tendency for extended periods of growth.Early maturity plays a potential role in rainfed-based multiple cropping system especially in the current era of climate change.In the current study,a set of 20 diverse Gossypium hirsutum genotypes were evaluated in two crop seasons with three planting densities and assessed for 11 morphological traits related to early maturity.The study aimed to identify genotype(s)that mature rapidly and accomplish well under diverse environmental conditions based on the two robust multivariate techniques called multi-trait stability index(MTSI)and multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index(MGIDI).Results MTSI analysis revealed that out of the 20 genotypes,three genotypes,viz.,NNDC-30,A-2,and S-32 accomplished well in terms of early maturity traits in two seasons.Furthermore,three genotypes were selected using MGIDI method for each planting densities with a selection intensity of 15%.The strengths and weaknesses of the genotypes selected based on MGIDI method highlighted that the breeders could focus on developing early-maturing genotypes with specific traits such as days to first flower and boll opening.The selected genotypes exhibited positive genetic gains for traits related to earliness and a successful harvest during the first and second pickings.However,there were negative gains for traits related to flowering and boll opening.Conclusion The study identified three genotypes exhibiting early maturity and accomplished well under different planting densities.The multivariate methods(MTSI and MGIDI)serve as novel approaches for selecting desired genotypes in plant breeding programs,especially across various growing environments.These methods offer exclusive benefits and can easily construe and minimize multicollinearity issues.展开更多
Turkey ranks the third in the production of chestnuts in the world having an important place both in domestic and global markets. However, the chestnut production and the number of trees have been diminishing in recen...Turkey ranks the third in the production of chestnuts in the world having an important place both in domestic and global markets. However, the chestnut production and the number of trees have been diminishing in recent years. Therefore, in vitro propagation of the chestnut, in addition to the classical propagation techniques, should be applied. Especially the propogation of the early maturing cultivars and production of the quality chestnuts will provide a better income to the producer. Here, somatic embryo production and regeneration from the immature cotyledons of the early maturing cultivars of the European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill), Haciibis and Karamehmet, were studied using the somatic embryogenesis, one of the in vitro propagation techniques. To induce the somatic embryogenesis, 168 different combinations were applied to both cultivars. The somatic embryogenesis rate in Haciibis cultivar, in which the interactions were observed among the applications, was found to be 9.9% while it was 11.1% for the Karamehmet cultivar. Dessication, cold treatment, gibberellic acid (GA<sub>3</sub>) and benzyladenine (BA) + naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) applications were performed on the regeneration of the somatic embryos, and 40% conversion to plant was obtained with desiccation together with BA + NAA supplementation to the medium.展开更多
Composting is a biological aerobic decomposition process consisted from different phases. Although the Japanese Standards for manure recommended that it took at least 6 months to complete the maturing phase, there was...Composting is a biological aerobic decomposition process consisted from different phases. Although the Japanese Standards for manure recommended that it took at least 6 months to complete the maturing phase, there was no reliable ground. In order to find out shortening method of the maturing phase, the microorganisms concerned with a progress of the maturing was determined by using the most probable number method (MPN) and PCR-RFLP of the 16S rDNA, which was found effective to provide numbers and taxonomy of polymyxin B resistant bacterial groups in the former paper [1]. Compared to the numbers after thermophilic phase, those of Actinobacteria, δ-proteobacteria, and the other gram negative bacteria increased to 50 times, 20 times, and 105 times, respectively, after maturing phase, while those of Bacillus spp., and α and β-proteobacteria decreased to 1/10, and 1/105 after maturing phase. Numbers of the other Fumicutes, and γ-proteobacteria remained in the same revel. Actinobacteria, δ-proteobacteria, and the other gram negative bacteria might be concerned with a progress of the maturing phase, because these bacterial groups were detected and enumerated due to their proliferation ability. Although number of Acitinobacteria might be underestimated because of a PCR bias, the method was found effective for the purpose to monitor bacteria actively proliferated in culture medium.展开更多
The new kiwifruit variety 'Fengyue' has bigger,avg.90g,max.127.8g fruit with beautiful appearance and good storage tolerance.The fruit is fine and tender in pulp texture with a thick sweet taste and rich refre...The new kiwifruit variety 'Fengyue' has bigger,avg.90g,max.127.8g fruit with beautiful appearance and good storage tolerance.The fruit is fine and tender in pulp texture with a thick sweet taste and rich refreshing aroma in addition to over 15% soluble solids content.This variety matures in September,Changsha,and has a high fruit setting percentage.Fruiters should pay great attention to fertilizer or water management,pruning,and flower or fruit thinning in cultivating'Fengyue展开更多
Mammalian development and maturation, particularly processes for humans have evolved in the context of the boundary conditions of Earth (i.e. 1 g gravity, geomagnetic field, background radiation) to yield functional i...Mammalian development and maturation, particularly processes for humans have evolved in the context of the boundary conditions of Earth (i.e. 1 g gravity, geomagnetic field, background radiation) to yield functional individuals, although the process is not perfect and “errors” do occur. With the advent of spaceflight to low Earth orbit (the International Space Station), humans are now exposed to microgravity and increased exposure to radiation. However, thus far, only adult humans have served as astronauts, but this will likely change with plans to explore deep space and colonize planets. Thus, conception, fetal development, post-birth maturation, puberty and skeletal maturity will occur in the context of boundary conditions that did not shape human evolution and influence physiological and biomechanical systems designed to function within the Earth’s boundary conditions. Thus, processes utilizing the 1 g environment (i.e. walking upright) and the geomagnetic field (i.e. the electrical/biomagnetic basis of neural interactions) will have to adapt to new boundary conditions, providing opportunity for additional errors or alterations in processing during development which could impact functional outcomes at multiple levels. This review/perspective will discuss some of these issues and attempt to provide direction for addressing the potential issues to be encountered.展开更多
The short seaso n cotton(SSC)was important Upland plant ecotype(Gossy pium hirsutum L.).The growt h of sSC was very short that is105~110 days(after planting).sSC could increa se plant index and farmer incomes on the s...The short seaso n cotton(SSC)was important Upland plant ecotype(Gossy pium hirsutum L.).The growt h of sSC was very short that is105~110 days(after planting).sSC could increa se plant index and farmer incomes on the same soil in one year.However,there was a contradiction between the early maturing and high-yield potential of SSC varieties that restrict SSC development.The ssc varietie s often exhibited premature senescence.Biochemical breeding could be one such solution to this problem.展开更多
The Early Cambrian Yuertusi Formation(Є_(1)y)in the Tarim Basin of China deposits a continuously developed suite of organic-rich black mudstones,which constitute an important source of oil and gas reservoirs in the Pa...The Early Cambrian Yuertusi Formation(Є_(1)y)in the Tarim Basin of China deposits a continuously developed suite of organic-rich black mudstones,which constitute an important source of oil and gas reservoirs in the Paleozoic.However,its hydrocarbon generation and evolution characteristics and resource potential have long been constrained by deeply buried strata and previous research.In this paper,based on the newly obtained ultra-deep well drilling data,the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion model ofЄ_(1)y shale was established by using data-driven Monte Carlo simulation,upon which the hydrocarbon generation,expulsion,and retention amounts were calculated by using the diagenetic method.The research indicates that theЄ_(1)y shale reaches the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion threshold at equivalent vitrinite reflectances of 0.46%and 0.72%,respectively.The cumulative hydrocarbon generation is 68.88×10^(10)t,the cumulative hydrocarbon expulsion is 35.59×10^(10)t,and the cumulative residual hydrocarbon is 33.29×10^(10)t.This paper systematically and quantitatively calculates the hydrocarbon expulsion at various key geological periods for theЄ_(1)y source rocks in the study area for the first time,more precisely confirming that the black shale of theЄ_(1)y is the most significant source rock contributing to the marine oil and gas resources in the Tarim Basin,filling the gap in hydrocarbon expulsion calculation in the study area,and providing an important basis for the formation and distribution of Paleozoic hydrocarbon reservoirs.The prospect of deep ultra-deep oil and gas exploration in the Tarim Basin is promising.Especially,the large area of dolomite reservoirs under the Cambrian salt and source rock interiors are the key breakthrough targets for the next exploration in the Tarim Basin.展开更多
In order to stagger the early harvest stage of daylily and critical busy summer farming season in Qingyang City, late-maturing daylily cultivar Jinlei No. 1 was systematically bred from natural variant offspring of Ma...In order to stagger the early harvest stage of daylily and critical busy summer farming season in Qingyang City, late-maturing daylily cultivar Jinlei No. 1 was systematically bred from natural variant offspring of Malian daylily. According to the results, late-maturing daylily eultivar Jinlei No. 1 exhibited good agro- nomic traits and strong resistance, The first day of harvest of Jinlei No. 1 was more than 10 d later compared with Malian daylily and Xian daylily ; harvest duration of Jinlei No. 1 was 4 d longer than Malian daylily and 5 d than Xian daylily; the yield of Jinlei No. 1 was improved by 3.41% and 5.16% compared with Malian daylily and Xian daylily, respectively. The cultivation of late-maturing daylily cuhivar Jinlei No. 1 can effectively avoid heavy economic losses caused by overlap period of early harvest of daylily and critical busy summer farming in Qingyang City.展开更多
Nanchong City has the advantages of developing late-maturing citrus in ecology,no-quarantine diseases and insect pests,base construction starting taking shape,production and management technology becoming increasingly...Nanchong City has the advantages of developing late-maturing citrus in ecology,no-quarantine diseases and insect pests,base construction starting taking shape,production and management technology becoming increasingly mature,leaders paying close attention and market recognition,and significant income increase of fruit growers. However,there are also problems such as weak infrastructure and weak anti-disaster ability,inadequate technology extension system,unmatched cold chain warehouses,and uneven quality of seedlings. Therefore,it is recommended to make scientific plan in accordance with actual local situations,regulate fine variety breeding and market supervision,build orchards with high standard and strengthen management,do a good job of propaganda and branding,improve post-harvest processing,extend the industrial chain,and issue preferential policies to promote the development of citrus industry in Nanchong City.展开更多
ONE year has passed since the new Communist Party of China （CPC） leadership took office in November 2012. Has there been a level of continuity in China＇s Africa policy in that time and what are the challenges facin...ONE year has passed since the new Communist Party of China （CPC） leadership took office in November 2012. Has there been a level of continuity in China＇s Africa policy in that time and what are the challenges facing Sino-African relations in the new era？ Against展开更多
Early maturing rice variety of high quality "Zhefu 218" was developed by prof XIA Yingwu, Zhejiang Agricultural University, Hangzhou, China. The growth period of the new rice variety is 106 d and its average...Early maturing rice variety of high quality "Zhefu 218" was developed by prof XIA Yingwu, Zhejiang Agricultural University, Hangzhou, China. The growth period of the new rice variety is 106 d and its average yield is about 5.25-7.08 t / ha. It has the speciality of early-maturing combined with good quality. Not only the grains of "Zhefu 218" are of excellent cooking, but also of nutritive quality. The flavour of the cooked rice of"Zhefu 218" is considerably better than those of the ordinary rice cultivars here.展开更多
High-water-cut mature reservoirs typically serve as the“ballast”for ensuring China’s annual crude oil production of 200 million tons.Despite the use of water flooding and chemical methods,over 40%of crude oil remai...High-water-cut mature reservoirs typically serve as the“ballast”for ensuring China’s annual crude oil production of 200 million tons.Despite the use of water flooding and chemical methods,over 40%of crude oil remains unexploited.It is critical to develop efficient revolutionary technologies to further enhance oil recovery(EOR)by a large percentage in high-water-cut mature reservoirs.To address this issue,the potential of vertical remaining oil in Daqing Oilfield is first analyzed from massive monitoring data.Using molecular dynamics simulation to design optimal synthetic routine,a copolymer without flu-orine or silicon is synthesized by modifying vinyl acetate(VAc)with maleic anhydride(MA)and styrene(St),and treated as a supercritical CO_(2)(scCO_(2))thickener.The underlying EOR mechanism of the scCO_(2) thickener is thereafter clarified by high-temperature,high-pressure oil displacement experiments.The EOR effect by thickened scCO_(2) flooding in a typical high-water-cut mature reservoir is predicted,and future technological advancements of the technique are ultimately discussed.Results show that the ver-tical remaining oil enriched in weakly swept zones is a primary target for further EOR in high-water-cut mature reservoirs.The copolymer typically exhibits good solubility,strong dispersion stability,and high thickening effect in scCO_(2).Under an ambient pressure of 10 MPa and a temperature of 50℃,the disso-lution of copolymer at a mass concentration of 0.2%can effectively increase the viscosity of scCO_(2) by 39.4 times.Due to the synergistic effect between expanding vertical swept volume and inhibiting gas channel-ing,crude oil recovery can be further enhanced by 23.1%for a typical high-water-cut mature reservoir when the scCO_(2) viscosity is increased by 50 times.Our understandings demonstrate that the thickened scCO_(2) flooding technology has significant technical advantages in high-water-cut mature reservoirs,with challenges and future development directions in field-scale applications also highlighted.展开更多
The study aimed to develop a customized Data Governance Maturity Model (DGMM) for the Ministry of Defence (MoD) in Kenya to address data governance challenges in military settings. Current frameworks lack specific req...The study aimed to develop a customized Data Governance Maturity Model (DGMM) for the Ministry of Defence (MoD) in Kenya to address data governance challenges in military settings. Current frameworks lack specific requirements for the defence industry. The model uses Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to enhance data governance procedures. Design Science Research guided the study, using qualitative and quantitative methods to gather data from MoD personnel. Major deficiencies were found in data integration, quality control, and adherence to data security regulations. The DGMM helps the MOD improve personnel, procedures, technology, and organizational elements related to data management. The model was tested against ISO/IEC 38500 and recommended for use in other government sectors with similar data governance issues. The DGMM has the potential to enhance data management efficiency, security, and compliance in the MOD and guide further research in military data governance.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1200400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272111)+4 种基金Special fund for youth team of the Southwest Universities(SWU-XJPY202306)Chongqing Natural Science Foundation(CSTB2024NSCQLZX0012)Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System(CARS-12)Chongqing Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(COMAITS202504)Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2022ZD04008).We sincerely appreciate the Plant Editors team for English language editing of the manuscript,which significantly improved its clarity and overall quality.
文摘Flowering time is a critical agronomic trait with a profound effect on the productivity and adaptabillity of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.).Strategically advancing flowering time can reduce the risk of yield losses due to extreme climatic conditions and facilitate the cultivation of subsequent crops on the same land,thereby enhancing overall agricultural efficiency.In this review,we synthesize current information on flowering time regulation in rapeseed through an integrated analysis of its genetic,hormonal,and environmental dimensions,emphasizing their crosstalk and implications for yield.We consolidate multi-omics evidence from population genetics,functional genomics,and systems biology to create a haplotype-based framework that overcomes the trade-off between flowering time and yield,providing support for the precision breeding of early-maturing cultivars.The insights presented here could inform future research on flowering time regulation and guide strategies for increasing rapeseed productivity.
基金supported by the Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology(2024ZHCG0086)the Chongqing Science and Technology Commission(cstc2021jscx-cylhX0014).
文摘Chili fermentation is one of the most important processes in the production of Pixian Douban(PXDB),which determines the flavor and product quality of PXDB.However,the maturity of fermented chili mainly depends on empirical judgment,which can not satisfy the need for standardized production of PXDB.Therefore,this study aimed to investigate volatile and non-volatile substances during the maturation process and to find markers related to the maturity of fermented chili.Two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC×GC-MS)combined with multivariate statistical analysis and relative odor activity values(ROAV)analysis revealed that 2-methoxy-3-isobutyl pyrazine,linalool,3-(methylthio)propionaldehyde,myrcene,and decanal(ROAV≥1,VIP>1,P<0.05)were regarded as potentially active aromatic markers for differentiating fermentation time.Additionally,ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLCQTOF-MS)combined with multivariate statistical analysis revealed that 25 compounds could serve as differentiated non-volatile compounds.The correlation of maturity-related physicochemical indicators with volatile and nonvolatile compounds revealed that four volatile compounds(2-methoxy-3-isobutylpyrazine,linalool,myrcene,and decanal)along with seven non-volatile compounds could serve as markers for evaluating the maturity of fermented chili.This study is expected to establish a standard for the determination of the maturity the fermented chili and lay the foundation for intelligent production of PXDB.
文摘Objectives:B-cell maturation antigen(BCMA)-targeted antibody–drug conjugates(ADCs)have emerged as promising therapies for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma(RRMM),but the overall efficacy and safety profile is unclear.This study aimed to synthesize the available evidence on the safety and efficacy of BCMA-ADCs in development for RRMM.Methods:A systematic search was conducted using six bibliographic databases and ClinicalTrials.gov up to November 2024.Studies were eligible if they were human clinical trials or animal studies evaluating BCMA-ADCs and reported efficacy and safety outcomes.Data extraction and quality assessments were conducted using validated tools,including ROBINS-I and SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool.Results:A total of 21 studies were included:16 clinical trials and five animal studies.Key findings included that belantamab mafodotin demonstrated variable but generally durable response rates(32%–85%)and a broad range of progression-free survival(PFS)(2.8–36.6 months),albeit with ocular toxicities in 51%–96%.Among newer candidates,MEDI2228 showed median PFS 5.1–6.6 months with 14%discontinuation for ocular symptoms,while AMG 224 had an overall response rate(ORR)of 23%(9/40)with anemia 21%,thrombocytopenia 24%,and ocular adverse events(AEs)21%.Animal studies supported the tumor-eradicating potential of all BCMA-ADC candidates,although safety signals such as hepatic and renal toxicity were noted with HDP-101.The risk of bias assessment revealed generally moderate to serious concerns in human trials,while the overall quality of the animal studies was acceptable.Conclusions:BCMA-targeted ADC candidates show encouraging efficacy in RRMM,particularly belantamab mafodotin.However,frequent AEs,especially ocular and hematologic toxicities,underscore the need for optimization in ADC design.Further research should prioritize enhancing safety while maintaining clinical benefit.
基金supported by funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81971349 and 81300456).
文摘In vitro maturation(IvM)of human oocytes offers cost efficiency and minimal invasiveness,serving as a valuable supplementary tool in assisted reproduction for fertility preservation,ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome prevention,and other reproductive strategies.Despite its availability for three decades,the clinical use of IVM remains limited due to efficacy and safety concerns.This study examines the DNA methylation profile of IVM oocytes collected during laparoscopic/hysteroscopic surgeries compared to in vivo matured oocytes via reduced representation bisulfite sequencing.Results indicate IVM oocytes exhibit a higher global methylation level.Differentially methylated regions(DMRs)analysis reveals that the in vitro group displays more hypermethylated and fewer hypomethylated DMRs compared to the in vivo group.Additionally,the in vitro group exhibits a higher level of non-CpG methylation than the in vivo group.However,no significant correlation between methylation levels and transcriptional activity in these oocytes is found,especially for those specific imprinted genes or genes related to embryonic development.These findings shed light on the epigenetic landscape of IvM oocytes,contributing to the ongoing assessment of their clinical feasibility and safety in assisted reproduction.
文摘In order to evaluate the involvement of the thyroid gland in reproduction, thyroid functioning was described in female cultivated Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) in progressive stages of sexual maturation induced by chum salmon pituitary homogenate (SPH) treatment. Serum thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) were also measured in each stage. Thyroid gland activity (epithelial cell height) was high before SPH injection (previtellogenic stage), further increasing at the early vitellogenic stage, thereafter decreasing to late vitellogenic and migratory nucleus stages. The profiles of both T3 and T4 changed during vitellogenesis, being high during previtellogenic and early vitellogenic stages, and subsequently declining, thus mimicking thyroid gland activity. These results suggest that the thyroid has relation with eel ovarian development during artificial maturation.
文摘Background Globally,the cultivation of cotton is constrained by its tendency for extended periods of growth.Early maturity plays a potential role in rainfed-based multiple cropping system especially in the current era of climate change.In the current study,a set of 20 diverse Gossypium hirsutum genotypes were evaluated in two crop seasons with three planting densities and assessed for 11 morphological traits related to early maturity.The study aimed to identify genotype(s)that mature rapidly and accomplish well under diverse environmental conditions based on the two robust multivariate techniques called multi-trait stability index(MTSI)and multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index(MGIDI).Results MTSI analysis revealed that out of the 20 genotypes,three genotypes,viz.,NNDC-30,A-2,and S-32 accomplished well in terms of early maturity traits in two seasons.Furthermore,three genotypes were selected using MGIDI method for each planting densities with a selection intensity of 15%.The strengths and weaknesses of the genotypes selected based on MGIDI method highlighted that the breeders could focus on developing early-maturing genotypes with specific traits such as days to first flower and boll opening.The selected genotypes exhibited positive genetic gains for traits related to earliness and a successful harvest during the first and second pickings.However,there were negative gains for traits related to flowering and boll opening.Conclusion The study identified three genotypes exhibiting early maturity and accomplished well under different planting densities.The multivariate methods(MTSI and MGIDI)serve as novel approaches for selecting desired genotypes in plant breeding programs,especially across various growing environments.These methods offer exclusive benefits and can easily construe and minimize multicollinearity issues.
文摘Turkey ranks the third in the production of chestnuts in the world having an important place both in domestic and global markets. However, the chestnut production and the number of trees have been diminishing in recent years. Therefore, in vitro propagation of the chestnut, in addition to the classical propagation techniques, should be applied. Especially the propogation of the early maturing cultivars and production of the quality chestnuts will provide a better income to the producer. Here, somatic embryo production and regeneration from the immature cotyledons of the early maturing cultivars of the European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill), Haciibis and Karamehmet, were studied using the somatic embryogenesis, one of the in vitro propagation techniques. To induce the somatic embryogenesis, 168 different combinations were applied to both cultivars. The somatic embryogenesis rate in Haciibis cultivar, in which the interactions were observed among the applications, was found to be 9.9% while it was 11.1% for the Karamehmet cultivar. Dessication, cold treatment, gibberellic acid (GA<sub>3</sub>) and benzyladenine (BA) + naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) applications were performed on the regeneration of the somatic embryos, and 40% conversion to plant was obtained with desiccation together with BA + NAA supplementation to the medium.
文摘Composting is a biological aerobic decomposition process consisted from different phases. Although the Japanese Standards for manure recommended that it took at least 6 months to complete the maturing phase, there was no reliable ground. In order to find out shortening method of the maturing phase, the microorganisms concerned with a progress of the maturing was determined by using the most probable number method (MPN) and PCR-RFLP of the 16S rDNA, which was found effective to provide numbers and taxonomy of polymyxin B resistant bacterial groups in the former paper [1]. Compared to the numbers after thermophilic phase, those of Actinobacteria, δ-proteobacteria, and the other gram negative bacteria increased to 50 times, 20 times, and 105 times, respectively, after maturing phase, while those of Bacillus spp., and α and β-proteobacteria decreased to 1/10, and 1/105 after maturing phase. Numbers of the other Fumicutes, and γ-proteobacteria remained in the same revel. Actinobacteria, δ-proteobacteria, and the other gram negative bacteria might be concerned with a progress of the maturing phase, because these bacterial groups were detected and enumerated due to their proliferation ability. Although number of Acitinobacteria might be underestimated because of a PCR bias, the method was found effective for the purpose to monitor bacteria actively proliferated in culture medium.
文摘The new kiwifruit variety 'Fengyue' has bigger,avg.90g,max.127.8g fruit with beautiful appearance and good storage tolerance.The fruit is fine and tender in pulp texture with a thick sweet taste and rich refreshing aroma in addition to over 15% soluble solids content.This variety matures in September,Changsha,and has a high fruit setting percentage.Fruiters should pay great attention to fertilizer or water management,pruning,and flower or fruit thinning in cultivating'Fengyue
文摘Mammalian development and maturation, particularly processes for humans have evolved in the context of the boundary conditions of Earth (i.e. 1 g gravity, geomagnetic field, background radiation) to yield functional individuals, although the process is not perfect and “errors” do occur. With the advent of spaceflight to low Earth orbit (the International Space Station), humans are now exposed to microgravity and increased exposure to radiation. However, thus far, only adult humans have served as astronauts, but this will likely change with plans to explore deep space and colonize planets. Thus, conception, fetal development, post-birth maturation, puberty and skeletal maturity will occur in the context of boundary conditions that did not shape human evolution and influence physiological and biomechanical systems designed to function within the Earth’s boundary conditions. Thus, processes utilizing the 1 g environment (i.e. walking upright) and the geomagnetic field (i.e. the electrical/biomagnetic basis of neural interactions) will have to adapt to new boundary conditions, providing opportunity for additional errors or alterations in processing during development which could impact functional outcomes at multiple levels. This review/perspective will discuss some of these issues and attempt to provide direction for addressing the potential issues to be encountered.
文摘The short seaso n cotton(SSC)was important Upland plant ecotype(Gossy pium hirsutum L.).The growt h of sSC was very short that is105~110 days(after planting).sSC could increa se plant index and farmer incomes on the same soil in one year.However,there was a contradiction between the early maturing and high-yield potential of SSC varieties that restrict SSC development.The ssc varietie s often exhibited premature senescence.Biochemical breeding could be one such solution to this problem.
基金supported by the CNPC Science and Technology Major Project of the Fourteenth Five-Year Plan(2021DJ0101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U19B600302,41872148)。
文摘The Early Cambrian Yuertusi Formation(Є_(1)y)in the Tarim Basin of China deposits a continuously developed suite of organic-rich black mudstones,which constitute an important source of oil and gas reservoirs in the Paleozoic.However,its hydrocarbon generation and evolution characteristics and resource potential have long been constrained by deeply buried strata and previous research.In this paper,based on the newly obtained ultra-deep well drilling data,the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion model ofЄ_(1)y shale was established by using data-driven Monte Carlo simulation,upon which the hydrocarbon generation,expulsion,and retention amounts were calculated by using the diagenetic method.The research indicates that theЄ_(1)y shale reaches the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion threshold at equivalent vitrinite reflectances of 0.46%and 0.72%,respectively.The cumulative hydrocarbon generation is 68.88×10^(10)t,the cumulative hydrocarbon expulsion is 35.59×10^(10)t,and the cumulative residual hydrocarbon is 33.29×10^(10)t.This paper systematically and quantitatively calculates the hydrocarbon expulsion at various key geological periods for theЄ_(1)y source rocks in the study area for the first time,more precisely confirming that the black shale of theЄ_(1)y is the most significant source rock contributing to the marine oil and gas resources in the Tarim Basin,filling the gap in hydrocarbon expulsion calculation in the study area,and providing an important basis for the formation and distribution of Paleozoic hydrocarbon reservoirs.The prospect of deep ultra-deep oil and gas exploration in the Tarim Basin is promising.Especially,the large area of dolomite reservoirs under the Cambrian salt and source rock interiors are the key breakthrough targets for the next exploration in the Tarim Basin.
基金Supported by National Spark Project of China(2012GA860011)Spark Project of Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Department(S2012G100009)
文摘In order to stagger the early harvest stage of daylily and critical busy summer farming season in Qingyang City, late-maturing daylily cultivar Jinlei No. 1 was systematically bred from natural variant offspring of Malian daylily. According to the results, late-maturing daylily eultivar Jinlei No. 1 exhibited good agro- nomic traits and strong resistance, The first day of harvest of Jinlei No. 1 was more than 10 d later compared with Malian daylily and Xian daylily ; harvest duration of Jinlei No. 1 was 4 d longer than Malian daylily and 5 d than Xian daylily; the yield of Jinlei No. 1 was improved by 3.41% and 5.16% compared with Malian daylily and Xian daylily, respectively. The cultivation of late-maturing daylily cuhivar Jinlei No. 1 can effectively avoid heavy economic losses caused by overlap period of early harvest of daylily and critical busy summer farming in Qingyang City.
基金Supported by the Meritocracy Research Fund of China West Normal University(17YC348)the Scientific Research Project of China West Normal University(12B021)
文摘Nanchong City has the advantages of developing late-maturing citrus in ecology,no-quarantine diseases and insect pests,base construction starting taking shape,production and management technology becoming increasingly mature,leaders paying close attention and market recognition,and significant income increase of fruit growers. However,there are also problems such as weak infrastructure and weak anti-disaster ability,inadequate technology extension system,unmatched cold chain warehouses,and uneven quality of seedlings. Therefore,it is recommended to make scientific plan in accordance with actual local situations,regulate fine variety breeding and market supervision,build orchards with high standard and strengthen management,do a good job of propaganda and branding,improve post-harvest processing,extend the industrial chain,and issue preferential policies to promote the development of citrus industry in Nanchong City.
文摘ONE year has passed since the new Communist Party of China （CPC） leadership took office in November 2012. Has there been a level of continuity in China＇s Africa policy in that time and what are the challenges facing Sino-African relations in the new era？ Against
文摘Early maturing rice variety of high quality "Zhefu 218" was developed by prof XIA Yingwu, Zhejiang Agricultural University, Hangzhou, China. The growth period of the new rice variety is 106 d and its average yield is about 5.25-7.08 t / ha. It has the speciality of early-maturing combined with good quality. Not only the grains of "Zhefu 218" are of excellent cooking, but also of nutritive quality. The flavour of the cooked rice of"Zhefu 218" is considerably better than those of the ordinary rice cultivars here.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22B6005,52174043,52474035)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(3242019)the China National Petroleum Corporation(CNPC)Innovation Foundation(2022DQ02-0208 and 2024DQ02-0114).
文摘High-water-cut mature reservoirs typically serve as the“ballast”for ensuring China’s annual crude oil production of 200 million tons.Despite the use of water flooding and chemical methods,over 40%of crude oil remains unexploited.It is critical to develop efficient revolutionary technologies to further enhance oil recovery(EOR)by a large percentage in high-water-cut mature reservoirs.To address this issue,the potential of vertical remaining oil in Daqing Oilfield is first analyzed from massive monitoring data.Using molecular dynamics simulation to design optimal synthetic routine,a copolymer without flu-orine or silicon is synthesized by modifying vinyl acetate(VAc)with maleic anhydride(MA)and styrene(St),and treated as a supercritical CO_(2)(scCO_(2))thickener.The underlying EOR mechanism of the scCO_(2) thickener is thereafter clarified by high-temperature,high-pressure oil displacement experiments.The EOR effect by thickened scCO_(2) flooding in a typical high-water-cut mature reservoir is predicted,and future technological advancements of the technique are ultimately discussed.Results show that the ver-tical remaining oil enriched in weakly swept zones is a primary target for further EOR in high-water-cut mature reservoirs.The copolymer typically exhibits good solubility,strong dispersion stability,and high thickening effect in scCO_(2).Under an ambient pressure of 10 MPa and a temperature of 50℃,the disso-lution of copolymer at a mass concentration of 0.2%can effectively increase the viscosity of scCO_(2) by 39.4 times.Due to the synergistic effect between expanding vertical swept volume and inhibiting gas channel-ing,crude oil recovery can be further enhanced by 23.1%for a typical high-water-cut mature reservoir when the scCO_(2) viscosity is increased by 50 times.Our understandings demonstrate that the thickened scCO_(2) flooding technology has significant technical advantages in high-water-cut mature reservoirs,with challenges and future development directions in field-scale applications also highlighted.
文摘The study aimed to develop a customized Data Governance Maturity Model (DGMM) for the Ministry of Defence (MoD) in Kenya to address data governance challenges in military settings. Current frameworks lack specific requirements for the defence industry. The model uses Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to enhance data governance procedures. Design Science Research guided the study, using qualitative and quantitative methods to gather data from MoD personnel. Major deficiencies were found in data integration, quality control, and adherence to data security regulations. The DGMM helps the MOD improve personnel, procedures, technology, and organizational elements related to data management. The model was tested against ISO/IEC 38500 and recommended for use in other government sectors with similar data governance issues. The DGMM has the potential to enhance data management efficiency, security, and compliance in the MOD and guide further research in military data governance.
