The optimal process conditions for solvent-free microwave extraction(SFME)of essential oils from Cinnamomum longepaniculatum deciduous leaves after moisture conditioning were established by response surface methodolog...The optimal process conditions for solvent-free microwave extraction(SFME)of essential oils from Cinnamomum longepaniculatum deciduous leaves after moisture conditioning were established by response surface methodology(RSM).A Box-Behnken design(BBD)was applied to evaluate the effects of three independent variables:moisture content(A:54%–74%),microwave power(B:300–500 W)and microwave time(C:20–40 min),on the extraction yield of essential oil.The compounds of the essential oils obtained by SFME,hydro-distillation and microwaveassisted hydro-distillation(MADE)were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),and the total lipids of C.longepaniculatum fresh leaves and deciduous leaves were analyzed.The correlation analysis of the response regression model indicated that quadratic polynomial model could be employed to optimize the extraction of essential oil.The optimal extraction condition was A:58%,B:400 W and C:28 min.In the optimal condition,the maximum extraction yield was 4.475 mL/100 g dw and higher than that by MADE.The main compound of the essential oil was eucalyptol(63.54%),and total oxygenated compounds was 78.95%,mainly caused by SFME and the metabolism of endophytic bacteria with decreasing content of phospholipids and fatty acids.Analysis of variance under the extraction condition illustrated high fitness of the model and the success of RSM for optimizing and reflecting the expected process condition.SFME combined with moisture regulation was an effective method for extracting essential oil from C.longepaniculatum deciduous leaves.展开更多
This study was undertaken to optimize the solvent-free microwave extraction conditions and DPPH radicalscavenging activity of essential oil from Schisandra chinesis fruits.The uniform design method was employed for pr...This study was undertaken to optimize the solvent-free microwave extraction conditions and DPPH radicalscavenging activity of essential oil from Schisandra chinesis fruits.The uniform design method was employed for process optimization.The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows:extraction time,50 rain;microwave power,800 W;and amount of water addition for pretreatment,40%.Under these conditions,the extraction yield of essential oil was 0.92%.A total of 35 compounds were identified by GC-MS in the obtained essential oil with a total content of 91.06%,mostly consisting of ylangene(34.81%),β-himachalene(10.74%)andα-bergamotene(9.22%).The ICs0 value of the essential oil against DPPH free radicals was determined as 3.01 mg/mL.In conclusion,solvent-free microwave extraction is a feasible method for essential oil extraction from Schisandra chinensis fruits.展开更多
An improved solvent free microwave extraction, in which a kind of microwave absorption medium （carbonyl iron powder） was used, was applied to the extraction of essential oil from dried menthol mint and orange peel w...An improved solvent free microwave extraction, in which a kind of microwave absorption medium （carbonyl iron powder） was used, was applied to the extraction of essential oil from dried menthol mint and orange peel without addition of any solvent and pretreatment. It took much less time of extraction （30 min） than microwave-assisted hydrodistillation （90 min） and conventional hydrodistillation （180 min）. The kinds of chemical compositions in essential oil extracted by different methods were almost the same and such improved solvent free microwave extraction can be a feasible way in extraction of essential oil from dried plant materials.展开更多
Afghanistan has many kinds of volatile-off-rich and not-fully-utilized flora. This article represents a review on Afghanistan medicinal plants contain essential oils. Lamiaceae, Asteraceae and Apiaceae are the most im...Afghanistan has many kinds of volatile-off-rich and not-fully-utilized flora. This article represents a review on Afghanistan medicinal plants contain essential oils. Lamiaceae, Asteraceae and Apiaceae are the most important botanical families which are widely found and used as traditional medicines, food and spices in Afghanistan. Over 215 plants which are used in traditional therapy in Afghanistan, 93 plants contain essential oils. Twenty-two plants contain essential oils applied to microwave extraction techniques and forty-nine plants contain essential oils applied to conventional extraction techniques. Totally 41 extracted species belong to above mentioned botanical families that could be found in Afghanistan too. But still there are some species of these families which are endemic in Afghanistan and not studied yet.展开更多
Process parameters of microwave assisted extraction （MAE） of the polysaccharides from pumpkin viz. extraction temperature, time and liquid-solid ratio were studied by using single factor and response surface methodo...Process parameters of microwave assisted extraction （MAE） of the polysaccharides from pumpkin viz. extraction temperature, time and liquid-solid ratio were studied by using single factor and response surface methodology method. The results showed that the liquid-solid ratio was the most important factor in polysaccharides yield, followed the extraction temperature was the least important factor. The optimum microwave assisted extraction co by ndi extraction time, and tions for the highest polysaccharides yield from pumpkin （16.76%-4-0.38%） were obtained by using the response surface methodology with extraction time of 29 min, an extraction temperature of 79 ℃ and a liquid-solid ratio of 22 mL·g^-1. Validation experiment result well agreed with predicted value.展开更多
Microwave assisted-semi bionic extraction (MASBE) process for lignans from Fructus Forsythiae was studied. The influences of solvent pH value, microwave power, dosage of solvent and irradiation time were investigated....Microwave assisted-semi bionic extraction (MASBE) process for lignans from Fructus Forsythiae was studied. The influences of solvent pH value, microwave power, dosage of solvent and irradiation time were investigated. Optimum extracting parameters were determined by orthogonal experiments as follows: pH value of solvent at first extraction is 5.5-6.0, that at the second extraction is 7-8; microwave power is 700 W; mass ratio of Fructus Forsythiae to water is 1-12; irradiation time is 10 min, and extracting times is two. Under these optimal conditions, the yield of lignans reaches 0.364%. Compared with the conventional extraction methods, the MASBE process has the advantages of high extraction rate, high extraction selectivity.展开更多
Pomegranate pomace is the solid waste of the pomegranate juice industry which accounts for approximately 50%of the quantity of the fruits,which is processed into juice and is a good raw material for production of high...Pomegranate pomace is the solid waste of the pomegranate juice industry which accounts for approximately 50%of the quantity of the fruits,which is processed into juice and is a good raw material for production of high added value products with diverse uses.Pomegranate pomace is rich in polyphenols and flavonoids which could substitute the potentially hazardous synthetic antioxidants/antimicrobials used in agro-food and cosmetics sectors.In this work,eco-friendly aqueous microwave assisted extraction of pomegranate pomace was investigated and optimized in order to produce effectively novel natural antioxidant/antimicrobial extracts.A three-factorial response surface optimization methodology with centered Box&Behnken experimental design was used to obtain the predictive models and the maximum values of total polyphenols,total flavonoids and total antioxidant capacity(TAC).The three optimization factors involved were:(a)water/solid ratio;(b)extraction temperature;(c)extraction time and the effectiveness and robustness of the three models were statistically verified by ANOVA.展开更多
Orange pomace is the solid waste of the orange juice industry which accounts for approximately 50%of the quantity of the fruits processed into juice and is a good raw material for production of high added value produc...Orange pomace is the solid waste of the orange juice industry which accounts for approximately 50%of the quantity of the fruits processed into juice and is a good raw material for production of high added value products with diverse uses.Orange pomace is rich in polyphenols and flavonoids which can substitute the potentially hazardous or less desirable chemical antioxidants/antimicrobials used in agro-food and cosmetics industry.In this work,an eco-friendly aqueous microwave assisted extraction of orange pomace was investigated and optimized in order to produce aqueous bioactive antioxidant/antimicrobial extracts.A three factorial Response Surface Optimization methodology with centered Box&Behnken experimental design was used to obtain optimum values of total polyphenols and total flavonoids and build predictive models for their optimal extraction conditions.The three optimization factors in terms of applied process parameters were(a)water/solid ratio,(b)extraction temperature and(c)extraction time.The effectiveness and statistical soundness of the two corresponding models regarding optimal total polyphenols and flavonoids were verified by Analysis of Variance(ANOVA).展开更多
An improved solvent-free microwave extraction（ISFME） was used for the extraction of essential oil from dried Cinnamomum cassia Presl. Two kinds of solid microwave absorption media[carbonyl iron powder（CIP） and gra...An improved solvent-free microwave extraction（ISFME） was used for the extraction of essential oil from dried Cinnamomum cassia Presl. Two kinds of solid microwave absorption media[carbonyl iron powder（CIP） and graphite powder（GP）] were used. When ISFME was applied, the heating rate was enhanced and the extraction time was obviously shorter than that consumed in conventional solvent-free microwave extraction（CSFME）. Twenty-eight kinds of compounds in the essential oil were identified, and the total content fractions of the compounds obtained by CIP-ISFME, GP-ISFME, CSFME, and hydrodistillation（HD） were 96.65%, 96.06%, 97.22%, and 96.29%, respectively. The compounds in the essential oil obtained from Cinnamomum cassia Presl. by ISFME, CSFME, and HD were compared and the quantity of the essential oil was almost the same. The ISFME has been proved to be a feasible way to extract essential oil from dried samples, and there are several obvious advantages in ISFME over those of HD and CSFME, for example, shorter extraction time（30 min） and lower energy consumption.展开更多
In this study, laurel essential oils were obtained by using solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) and hydrodistillation (HD) methods from Laurus nobilis leaves and determined their antioxidant and antimicrobial act...In this study, laurel essential oils were obtained by using solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) and hydrodistillation (HD) methods from Laurus nobilis leaves and determined their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Extraction time was reduced by about 43% in SFME at 622 W and 67% in SFME at 249 W compared to hydrodistillation. Essential oil of laurel was extracted by SFME at 622 W (100%) and 249 W (40%) power levels and HD inhibited oxidation generated by ABTS radical by 93.88%, 94.13% and 92.06%, respectively. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacities (TEAC) of essential oils were 0.18 mM/mL oil for SFME at 622 W, 1.36 mM/mL oil for SFME at 249 W and 2.40 mM/mL oil for HD (p < 0.05). Essential oils of L. nobilis were extracted by SFME at 100% and 40% power levels and HD inhibited linoleic acid peroxidation by 70.57%, 63.53% and 89.18% respectively. Inhibition effects of laurel essential oils obtained by SFME at different power levels and HD on DPPH radical cation oxidation were not significantly different. The strongest antioxidant activity against DPPH radical was found in the essential oil obtained by SFME at 100% power level. Essential oils displayed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus 6538P, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium NRRL E 4463 except for Listeria monocytogenes. The inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus 6538P survival of laurel oil obtained from SFME by using lower power level was found to be lower than that obtained from SFME at 100% power level and HD展开更多
Based on the green method of microwave extraction,this work mainly investigated the effect of different microwave extraction temperatures(55℃-75℃)on the gelling,foaming and emulsifying properties of microwaveextract...Based on the green method of microwave extraction,this work mainly investigated the effect of different microwave extraction temperatures(55℃-75℃)on the gelling,foaming and emulsifying properties of microwaveextracted Bigeye Tuna fish skin gelatin.Results showed the gelatin yield increased significantly(12.47%-16.62%,p<0.05)as the microwave extraction temperature rose,while the viscosity,thermal stability and TPA of gelatin gel decreased due to the weakening of gel network induced by the destruction of molecular structure.The destroyed structure exposed more hydrophobic groups,augmented wettability(57.90°-81.97°)and subsequently decreased surface tension,fostered the adsorption of gelatin at water-air or oil-water interfaces,facilitated the accumulation of foams or droplets.Then,it strengthened the interactions among gelatin at various foam or droplet interfaces,resulting in the formation of a dense three-dimensional network,thus improved the foaming and emulsifying characteristics.Moreover,the increased gelatin concentration further enhanced the interfacial interaction and network strength,and improved the stability of foams and emulsions.Hence,this work can provide a basis for the expanded application of microwave-extracted fish skin gelatin.展开更多
It takes flavonoid extraction rate as indicator and adopts the method of orthogonal experiment to study process of total flavonoid in Trollius chinensis through ultrasonic wave assisted extraction, microwave assisted ...It takes flavonoid extraction rate as indicator and adopts the method of orthogonal experiment to study process of total flavonoid in Trollius chinensis through ultrasonic wave assisted extraction, microwave assisted extraction and backflow extraction, as well as optimization of process parameter. The result indicates that in terms of extraction efficiency, microwave extraction method is better than ultrasonic radiation extraction method, which is better than backflow extraction method. Optimal process parameter through backflow extraction is： backflow temperature 60℃, fluid material ratio 1：20, ethanol density 65%, backflow time 60min; optimal process parameter through ultrasonic wave assisted extraction is： ultrasonic radiation temperature 70℃, fluid material ratio 1：20, ethanol density 65%, ultrasonic wave radiation time 45rain; optimal process parameter of microwave assisted extraction is： microwave radiation temperature 60℃, fluid material ratio 1：20, ethanol density 75%, microwave radiation time 45min.展开更多
Three extraction methods, ultrasonic assisted extraction (USE), microwave assisted extraction (MSE), and conventional single extraction (CSE), in conjunction with the modified three-stage BCR sequential extraction pro...Three extraction methods, ultrasonic assisted extraction (USE), microwave assisted extraction (MSE), and conventional single extraction (CSE), in conjunction with the modified three-stage BCR sequential extraction procedure (SEP) were applied to examine the contents of Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn from lake sediment samples, to know whether these techniques can reduce extraction time and improve reproducibility. The SEP and developed alternative single extrac- tion methods were validated by the analysis of certified reference material BCR 601. By the use of optimized sonication and microwave conditions, steps 1, 2 and 3 of the BCR sequential extraction methods (excluding the hydrogen peroxide digestion in step 3, which was not performed with sonication and microwave) could be completed in 15-30 min and 60- 150 s, respectively. The recoveries of total extractable metal contents in BCR 601, obtained by three single extractions ranged from 93.3%-102%, 88.9%-104% and 81.2%-96.2% for CSE, USE and MSE, respectively. The precision of the single extraction methods was found in the range of 3.7%-9.4% for all metals (n = 6).展开更多
The olive oil industry produces huge amounts of solid by-products(e.g.,pomace,leaf,and stone),representing a rich source of polyphenols.Different extraction techniques were compared,including conventional(e.g.,macerat...The olive oil industry produces huge amounts of solid by-products(e.g.,pomace,leaf,and stone),representing a rich source of polyphenols.Different extraction techniques were compared,including conventional(e.g.,maceration)versus modern(e.g.,microwave-,ultrasound-,and enzyme-assisted extraction),to yield a total of 17 extracts to include 2,7,and 8 leaf,pomace,and stone extracts,respectively.Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS/MS)combined with unsupervised and supervised modeling were employed for assessing extracts’heterogeneity and markers identification,respectively.Verbascoside and γ-tocopherol were potentially associated with microwave-(MAE)and supercritical fluid CO_(2)-assisted(SFE)extracts of olive pomace,respectively.Besides,hydroxylated product of the decarboxylated form of hydroxy elenolic acid(HDHEA),hydroxytyrosol,and verbascoside were correlated with antioxidant activity based on partial least squares regression(PLS)(R^(2)=0.8)for pomace extracts,whereas verbascoside appeared as the strongest antioxidant marker in stone extracts.Furthermore,total phenolics(TPC)and flavonoids(TFC)were determined showing that MAE-prepared extracts exhibited the highest TPC at 72.0 and 53.6 mg GAE.g^(-1) dw from aqueous extracts of pomace and stone,respectively.This study identifies MAE,particularly aqueous extracts,as the most effective method for obtaining phenolic and antioxidant-rich extracts from olive byproducts.The MAE not only maximizes the yield of beneficial compounds but also enhances their bioactivity.Future research should focus on conducting both in vivo assays,which shall provide deeper insights into the potential applications of olive by-products and validate the efficacy of the extraction methods employed.展开更多
To analyze the chemical constituents of volatile oils from the fruit of Periploca forrestii Schltr.which were collected in Guizhou province.This volatile oils were extracted by simultaneous distillation extraction (SD...To analyze the chemical constituents of volatile oils from the fruit of Periploca forrestii Schltr.which were collected in Guizhou province.This volatile oils were extracted by simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE)and microwave assistant extraction(MAE) method,and ananlyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)method.The main chemical compounds were methyl salicylate,β-amyrin and β-amyrin acetate etc.The compounds from the volatile oils extracted with SDE and MAE are quite different.The results provide scientific proof for the further development and utilization of Periploca forrestii Schltr.展开更多
Objective： To study and compare the conventional extraction procedure with microwave assisted extraction （MAE） for some Ayurvedic Rasayana drugs and to evaluate their antioxidant potential and carry out the charact...Objective： To study and compare the conventional extraction procedure with microwave assisted extraction （MAE） for some Ayurvedic Rasayana drugs and to evaluate their antioxidant potential and carry out the characterization of extracts by thin layer chromatography. Methods： Three Ayurvedic rasayana plants Allium sativum Linn., Bombax ceiba Linn. and Inula racemosa Hook. were evaluated for an improved MAE methodology by determining the effects of grinding degree, extraction solvent, effect of dielectric constant and duration of time on the extractive value. Antioxidant potential of all three drugs was evaluated with 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） radical scavenging activity and reducing power was determined by using Gallic acid as standard. Further thin layer chromatographic （TLC） analysis was performed on pre-activated Silica Gel G plates and Rf value were compared with those reported for the important biomarkers. Results： The total extractive value for Allium sativum Linn. was 36.95% （w/w） and 49.95% （w/w） for ethanol extraction respectively. In case of Bombax ceiba Linn. the yield of aqueous extract by MAE was 50% （w/w） compared to 42% （w/w） in ethanol （50% v/v）. Percent yield of Inula racernosa Hook. in aqueous extract was found to be 27.55% （w/w） which was better than ethanol extract （50%） where the yield was 25.95% （w/w）. Upon antioxidant activity evaluation A. safivum extract showed an absorbance of 0.980 ± 0.92 at concentration of 500 μg with maximum reducing capacity. This was followed by B. ceiba Linn. 0.825 ± 0.98 and I. racemosa Hook. with 0.799 ± 2.01 at a concentration of 500 μ g. TLC based standardization of A. sativum Linn. extract shows single spot with Rf value of 0.38, B. ceiba Linn. extract shows Rf values were 0.23, 0.58, 0.77, 0.92 and I. racemosa Hook. extract spot had a Rf value of 0.72. Conclusions： A significant improvement in extractive values was observed as a factor of time and other advantages by using MAE technology. All three drugs have high antioxidant potential and a TLC profiling similar to reported ones. The presence of fructan type polysaccharide can be further utilized for bioactivity directed fracUonation and evaluation of immunomodulatory activity.展开更多
In this study the antioxidant activity of barley malt rootlet (BMR) extracts w</span><span style="font-family:"">as</span><span style="font-family:""> evaluated in...In this study the antioxidant activity of barley malt rootlet (BMR) extracts w</span><span style="font-family:"">as</span><span style="font-family:""> evaluated in heat treated corn oil up to 5 hours at 185</span><span style="font-family:"">°</span><span style="font-family:"">C frying temperature. The antioxidant activity </span><span style="font-family:"">of </span><span style="font-family:"">BMR extracts was measured at 25, 50, 100 and 150 ppm concentrations. The free and bound antioxidant phenolics were extracted from BMR using three different extraction methods. Conventional solvent extraction (CSE), microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and autoclave assisted pretreated solvent extraction (APSE). In the present experiment, the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the various extracts w</span><span style="font-family:"">ere</span><span style="font-family:""> measured. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay was used to evaluate the ability of the BMR to protect lipid peroxidation in corn oil at 185</span><span style="font-family:"">°</span><span style="font-family:"">C frying temperature. The formation of TBARS at 5 hours of heat treated corn oil ha</span><span style="font-family:"">s</span><span style="font-family:""> shown similar antioxidant levels in 150 ppm butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) or MAE free phenolic extract added to corn oil. TBARS value for BHT was 1.896 ± 0.013 μg/mL of corn oil and for MAE was 1.896 ± 0.034 μg/mL of corn oil. The highest level of antioxidant activity was found for the free phenolic extracts. The order of inhibition of oxidation was found to be for free phenolics as follows: BHT (100 ppm) > APSE (50 ppm) > MAE (100 ppm) > CSE (100 ppm).展开更多
Globally,approximately 2 billion tons of agricultural waste is generated each year which is rich reservoirs of bioactive compounds.Therefore,it has become increasingly important to manage and treat waste in an environ...Globally,approximately 2 billion tons of agricultural waste is generated each year which is rich reservoirs of bioactive compounds.Therefore,it has become increasingly important to manage and treat waste in an environmentally,economically,and socially responsible manner.These compounds can be extracted without altering their properties through the utilization of deep eutectic solvents(DES).Given their exceptional qualities aligning with green chemistry principles,DESs possess significant promise in supplanting conventional organic solvents and ionic liquids(IL).This is owing to natural deep eutectic solvents(NADES)unique physicochemical properties,which include its low toxicity,biodegradability,and biological activity.Meanwhile,conjugating DES using non-conventional extraction techniques such as microwave-assisted extraction(MAE)may reduce extraction times,increase yields,and be more environmentally friendly.The purpose of this study is to give a thorough understanding of valorization of agro-industrial food wastes by extraction of phenolic compounds using green solvents.Specifically,the research concentrates on investigating the physicochemical attributes of NADES and their synergy with the MAE method to retrieve phenolic compounds.Additionally,discussion encompassed the impact of MAE and NADES on the antioxidant,antimicrobial,and other health-promoting properties of bioactive compounds.In conclusion,the results demonstrated the feasibility of using these emerging solvents with MAE for the extraction process.Further,proper elucidation of the extraction mechanisms involved is necessary in order to expand the applications of these emerging solvents for bioactive compound recovery.展开更多
As a waste of sugarcane,the added value of sugarcane leaves has not been fully utilized,and sugarcane leaf polysaccharide is an important active component of sugarcane leaves.Using new extraction methods to study the ...As a waste of sugarcane,the added value of sugarcane leaves has not been fully utilized,and sugarcane leaf polysaccharide is an important active component of sugarcane leaves.Using new extraction methods to study the structure and biological activity of polysaccharides from sugarcane leaves is of great significance for the development and application of sugarcane leaves.To determine the structural characteristics and biological activities of different acidic sugarcane leaf polysaccharides(ASLPs)extracted by microwave-assisted hot alkali extraction(MALE),three new acidic sugarcane leaf polysaccharides(ASLP-50,ASLP-70 and ASLP-90)were precipitated by ethanol.The structure of ASLPs extracted by MALE contains protein,sulfate and uronic acid.ASLP-50(195.88 kDa),ASLP-70(94.62 kDa)and ASLP-90(16.37 kDa)were acidic polysaccharides composed of mannose,galacturonic acid,glucose,arabinose and fucose.The results of XRD and NMR showed that ASLPs were amorphous polysaccharides composed of α-L-Araf-(1→main chain,and its branching points were composed of Arap and GalpA residues.In addition,ASLPs showed significant antioxidant,hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic and antibacterial activities in vitro.The research and application of ASLPs provide a reference for the recycling of sugarcane leaves,which is conducive to the development of food,agriculture and pharmaceutical industries.展开更多
Recently, biodiesel has received much more attention. Soybean oil, rapeseed oil, palm oil and corn oil are primary feedstock for biodiesel production. However, biodiesel production from these traditional oil-rich crop...Recently, biodiesel has received much more attention. Soybean oil, rapeseed oil, palm oil and corn oil are primary feedstock for biodiesel production. However, biodiesel production from these traditional oil-rich crops is limited by land availability, climate, and environmental and social issues regarding the use of feed and food crops for fuel. Oleaginous microorganisms, including microalgae, bacteria, yeast and fungi can be cultivated with high lipid contents and used as promising feedstock for biodiesel production. However, the high cost of biodiesel production using oil microorganisms has been the biggest obstacle for its industrialization. The process of biodiesel production from microorganisms involves many steps, of which the lipids extraction is the most important and costly. Therefore, searching for an effective and economical extraction system is critical. Various approaches of lipids extraction are discussed in this review, including traditional extraction procedures such as solvent extraction, pressing and solvent integrated extraction, as well as some new procedures.展开更多
基金supports of the Wuhan Scientific and Technical Payoffs Transformation Project(2019030703011505)Enterprise Technology Innovation and Development Projects(2021BLB151)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-OCRI).
文摘The optimal process conditions for solvent-free microwave extraction(SFME)of essential oils from Cinnamomum longepaniculatum deciduous leaves after moisture conditioning were established by response surface methodology(RSM).A Box-Behnken design(BBD)was applied to evaluate the effects of three independent variables:moisture content(A:54%–74%),microwave power(B:300–500 W)and microwave time(C:20–40 min),on the extraction yield of essential oil.The compounds of the essential oils obtained by SFME,hydro-distillation and microwaveassisted hydro-distillation(MADE)were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),and the total lipids of C.longepaniculatum fresh leaves and deciduous leaves were analyzed.The correlation analysis of the response regression model indicated that quadratic polynomial model could be employed to optimize the extraction of essential oil.The optimal extraction condition was A:58%,B:400 W and C:28 min.In the optimal condition,the maximum extraction yield was 4.475 mL/100 g dw and higher than that by MADE.The main compound of the essential oil was eucalyptol(63.54%),and total oxygenated compounds was 78.95%,mainly caused by SFME and the metabolism of endophytic bacteria with decreasing content of phospholipids and fatty acids.Analysis of variance under the extraction condition illustrated high fitness of the model and the success of RSM for optimizing and reflecting the expected process condition.SFME combined with moisture regulation was an effective method for extracting essential oil from C.longepaniculatum deciduous leaves.
文摘This study was undertaken to optimize the solvent-free microwave extraction conditions and DPPH radicalscavenging activity of essential oil from Schisandra chinesis fruits.The uniform design method was employed for process optimization.The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows:extraction time,50 rain;microwave power,800 W;and amount of water addition for pretreatment,40%.Under these conditions,the extraction yield of essential oil was 0.92%.A total of 35 compounds were identified by GC-MS in the obtained essential oil with a total content of 91.06%,mostly consisting of ylangene(34.81%),β-himachalene(10.74%)andα-bergamotene(9.22%).The ICs0 value of the essential oil against DPPH free radicals was determined as 3.01 mg/mL.In conclusion,solvent-free microwave extraction is a feasible method for essential oil extraction from Schisandra chinensis fruits.
文摘An improved solvent free microwave extraction, in which a kind of microwave absorption medium （carbonyl iron powder） was used, was applied to the extraction of essential oil from dried menthol mint and orange peel without addition of any solvent and pretreatment. It took much less time of extraction （30 min） than microwave-assisted hydrodistillation （90 min） and conventional hydrodistillation （180 min）. The kinds of chemical compositions in essential oil extracted by different methods were almost the same and such improved solvent free microwave extraction can be a feasible way in extraction of essential oil from dried plant materials.
文摘Afghanistan has many kinds of volatile-off-rich and not-fully-utilized flora. This article represents a review on Afghanistan medicinal plants contain essential oils. Lamiaceae, Asteraceae and Apiaceae are the most important botanical families which are widely found and used as traditional medicines, food and spices in Afghanistan. Over 215 plants which are used in traditional therapy in Afghanistan, 93 plants contain essential oils. Twenty-two plants contain essential oils applied to microwave extraction techniques and forty-nine plants contain essential oils applied to conventional extraction techniques. Totally 41 extracted species belong to above mentioned botanical families that could be found in Afghanistan too. But still there are some species of these families which are endemic in Afghanistan and not studied yet.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation (31071579)Key Program of Heilongjiang Province Science Foundation (ZP201013)
文摘Process parameters of microwave assisted extraction （MAE） of the polysaccharides from pumpkin viz. extraction temperature, time and liquid-solid ratio were studied by using single factor and response surface methodology method. The results showed that the liquid-solid ratio was the most important factor in polysaccharides yield, followed the extraction temperature was the least important factor. The optimum microwave assisted extraction co by ndi extraction time, and tions for the highest polysaccharides yield from pumpkin （16.76%-4-0.38%） were obtained by using the response surface methodology with extraction time of 29 min, an extraction temperature of 79 ℃ and a liquid-solid ratio of 22 mL·g^-1. Validation experiment result well agreed with predicted value.
基金Project(06SK3042) supported by the Science and Technology Commission Foundation of Hunan Province, China
文摘Microwave assisted-semi bionic extraction (MASBE) process for lignans from Fructus Forsythiae was studied. The influences of solvent pH value, microwave power, dosage of solvent and irradiation time were investigated. Optimum extracting parameters were determined by orthogonal experiments as follows: pH value of solvent at first extraction is 5.5-6.0, that at the second extraction is 7-8; microwave power is 700 W; mass ratio of Fructus Forsythiae to water is 1-12; irradiation time is 10 min, and extracting times is two. Under these optimal conditions, the yield of lignans reaches 0.364%. Compared with the conventional extraction methods, the MASBE process has the advantages of high extraction rate, high extraction selectivity.
文摘Pomegranate pomace is the solid waste of the pomegranate juice industry which accounts for approximately 50%of the quantity of the fruits,which is processed into juice and is a good raw material for production of high added value products with diverse uses.Pomegranate pomace is rich in polyphenols and flavonoids which could substitute the potentially hazardous synthetic antioxidants/antimicrobials used in agro-food and cosmetics sectors.In this work,eco-friendly aqueous microwave assisted extraction of pomegranate pomace was investigated and optimized in order to produce effectively novel natural antioxidant/antimicrobial extracts.A three-factorial response surface optimization methodology with centered Box&Behnken experimental design was used to obtain the predictive models and the maximum values of total polyphenols,total flavonoids and total antioxidant capacity(TAC).The three optimization factors involved were:(a)water/solid ratio;(b)extraction temperature;(c)extraction time and the effectiveness and robustness of the three models were statistically verified by ANOVA.
基金co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund of the European Union and Greek national funds through the Operational Program Competitiveness,Entrepreneurship and Innovation,under the call Research-Create-Innovate(project code:T1EDK-03942).
文摘Orange pomace is the solid waste of the orange juice industry which accounts for approximately 50%of the quantity of the fruits processed into juice and is a good raw material for production of high added value products with diverse uses.Orange pomace is rich in polyphenols and flavonoids which can substitute the potentially hazardous or less desirable chemical antioxidants/antimicrobials used in agro-food and cosmetics industry.In this work,an eco-friendly aqueous microwave assisted extraction of orange pomace was investigated and optimized in order to produce aqueous bioactive antioxidant/antimicrobial extracts.A three factorial Response Surface Optimization methodology with centered Box&Behnken experimental design was used to obtain optimum values of total polyphenols and total flavonoids and build predictive models for their optimal extraction conditions.The three optimization factors in terms of applied process parameters were(a)water/solid ratio,(b)extraction temperature and(c)extraction time.The effectiveness and statistical soundness of the two corresponding models regarding optimal total polyphenols and flavonoids were verified by Analysis of Variance(ANOVA).
文摘An improved solvent-free microwave extraction（ISFME） was used for the extraction of essential oil from dried Cinnamomum cassia Presl. Two kinds of solid microwave absorption media[carbonyl iron powder（CIP） and graphite powder（GP）] were used. When ISFME was applied, the heating rate was enhanced and the extraction time was obviously shorter than that consumed in conventional solvent-free microwave extraction（CSFME）. Twenty-eight kinds of compounds in the essential oil were identified, and the total content fractions of the compounds obtained by CIP-ISFME, GP-ISFME, CSFME, and hydrodistillation（HD） were 96.65%, 96.06%, 97.22%, and 96.29%, respectively. The compounds in the essential oil obtained from Cinnamomum cassia Presl. by ISFME, CSFME, and HD were compared and the quantity of the essential oil was almost the same. The ISFME has been proved to be a feasible way to extract essential oil from dried samples, and there are several obvious advantages in ISFME over those of HD and CSFME, for example, shorter extraction time（30 min） and lower energy consumption.
基金The TUBİTAK,The Scientific and Technologic Research Council of Turkey(Grant No.TOVAG 104 O 265)financially supported this study.
文摘In this study, laurel essential oils were obtained by using solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) and hydrodistillation (HD) methods from Laurus nobilis leaves and determined their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Extraction time was reduced by about 43% in SFME at 622 W and 67% in SFME at 249 W compared to hydrodistillation. Essential oil of laurel was extracted by SFME at 622 W (100%) and 249 W (40%) power levels and HD inhibited oxidation generated by ABTS radical by 93.88%, 94.13% and 92.06%, respectively. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacities (TEAC) of essential oils were 0.18 mM/mL oil for SFME at 622 W, 1.36 mM/mL oil for SFME at 249 W and 2.40 mM/mL oil for HD (p < 0.05). Essential oils of L. nobilis were extracted by SFME at 100% and 40% power levels and HD inhibited linoleic acid peroxidation by 70.57%, 63.53% and 89.18% respectively. Inhibition effects of laurel essential oils obtained by SFME at different power levels and HD on DPPH radical cation oxidation were not significantly different. The strongest antioxidant activity against DPPH radical was found in the essential oil obtained by SFME at 100% power level. Essential oils displayed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus 6538P, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium NRRL E 4463 except for Listeria monocytogenes. The inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus 6538P survival of laurel oil obtained from SFME by using lower power level was found to be lower than that obtained from SFME at 100% power level and HD
基金funds from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32372353)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFD2100205)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.SWU-XJPY202310).
文摘Based on the green method of microwave extraction,this work mainly investigated the effect of different microwave extraction temperatures(55℃-75℃)on the gelling,foaming and emulsifying properties of microwaveextracted Bigeye Tuna fish skin gelatin.Results showed the gelatin yield increased significantly(12.47%-16.62%,p<0.05)as the microwave extraction temperature rose,while the viscosity,thermal stability and TPA of gelatin gel decreased due to the weakening of gel network induced by the destruction of molecular structure.The destroyed structure exposed more hydrophobic groups,augmented wettability(57.90°-81.97°)and subsequently decreased surface tension,fostered the adsorption of gelatin at water-air or oil-water interfaces,facilitated the accumulation of foams or droplets.Then,it strengthened the interactions among gelatin at various foam or droplet interfaces,resulting in the formation of a dense three-dimensional network,thus improved the foaming and emulsifying characteristics.Moreover,the increased gelatin concentration further enhanced the interfacial interaction and network strength,and improved the stability of foams and emulsions.Hence,this work can provide a basis for the expanded application of microwave-extracted fish skin gelatin.
文摘It takes flavonoid extraction rate as indicator and adopts the method of orthogonal experiment to study process of total flavonoid in Trollius chinensis through ultrasonic wave assisted extraction, microwave assisted extraction and backflow extraction, as well as optimization of process parameter. The result indicates that in terms of extraction efficiency, microwave extraction method is better than ultrasonic radiation extraction method, which is better than backflow extraction method. Optimal process parameter through backflow extraction is： backflow temperature 60℃, fluid material ratio 1：20, ethanol density 65%, backflow time 60min; optimal process parameter through ultrasonic wave assisted extraction is： ultrasonic radiation temperature 70℃, fluid material ratio 1：20, ethanol density 65%, ultrasonic wave radiation time 45rain; optimal process parameter of microwave assisted extraction is： microwave radiation temperature 60℃, fluid material ratio 1：20, ethanol density 75%, microwave radiation time 45min.
基金Project supported by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan (No.Ac-I/GS/963)
文摘Three extraction methods, ultrasonic assisted extraction (USE), microwave assisted extraction (MSE), and conventional single extraction (CSE), in conjunction with the modified three-stage BCR sequential extraction procedure (SEP) were applied to examine the contents of Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn from lake sediment samples, to know whether these techniques can reduce extraction time and improve reproducibility. The SEP and developed alternative single extrac- tion methods were validated by the analysis of certified reference material BCR 601. By the use of optimized sonication and microwave conditions, steps 1, 2 and 3 of the BCR sequential extraction methods (excluding the hydrogen peroxide digestion in step 3, which was not performed with sonication and microwave) could be completed in 15-30 min and 60- 150 s, respectively. The recoveries of total extractable metal contents in BCR 601, obtained by three single extractions ranged from 93.3%-102%, 88.9%-104% and 81.2%-96.2% for CSE, USE and MSE, respectively. The precision of the single extraction methods was found in the range of 3.7%-9.4% for all metals (n = 6).
基金supported by the Science,Technology&Innovation Funding Authority(STDF),Egypt under grant number 47051“Microbial resources for a sustainable olive oil system and a healthier Mediterra-nean food:from by-products to functional food”part of a project(Oli4food)that has received funding from the PRIMA Programme supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme,project ID No.1854.
文摘The olive oil industry produces huge amounts of solid by-products(e.g.,pomace,leaf,and stone),representing a rich source of polyphenols.Different extraction techniques were compared,including conventional(e.g.,maceration)versus modern(e.g.,microwave-,ultrasound-,and enzyme-assisted extraction),to yield a total of 17 extracts to include 2,7,and 8 leaf,pomace,and stone extracts,respectively.Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS/MS)combined with unsupervised and supervised modeling were employed for assessing extracts’heterogeneity and markers identification,respectively.Verbascoside and γ-tocopherol were potentially associated with microwave-(MAE)and supercritical fluid CO_(2)-assisted(SFE)extracts of olive pomace,respectively.Besides,hydroxylated product of the decarboxylated form of hydroxy elenolic acid(HDHEA),hydroxytyrosol,and verbascoside were correlated with antioxidant activity based on partial least squares regression(PLS)(R^(2)=0.8)for pomace extracts,whereas verbascoside appeared as the strongest antioxidant marker in stone extracts.Furthermore,total phenolics(TPC)and flavonoids(TFC)were determined showing that MAE-prepared extracts exhibited the highest TPC at 72.0 and 53.6 mg GAE.g^(-1) dw from aqueous extracts of pomace and stone,respectively.This study identifies MAE,particularly aqueous extracts,as the most effective method for obtaining phenolic and antioxidant-rich extracts from olive byproducts.The MAE not only maximizes the yield of beneficial compounds but also enhances their bioactivity.Future research should focus on conducting both in vivo assays,which shall provide deeper insights into the potential applications of olive by-products and validate the efficacy of the extraction methods employed.
文摘To analyze the chemical constituents of volatile oils from the fruit of Periploca forrestii Schltr.which were collected in Guizhou province.This volatile oils were extracted by simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE)and microwave assistant extraction(MAE) method,and ananlyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)method.The main chemical compounds were methyl salicylate,β-amyrin and β-amyrin acetate etc.The compounds from the volatile oils extracted with SDE and MAE are quite different.The results provide scientific proof for the further development and utilization of Periploca forrestii Schltr.
基金the Advance Institute of Biotech and Paramedical Sciences for providing all required facilities regarding the fulfillment of this research project
文摘Objective： To study and compare the conventional extraction procedure with microwave assisted extraction （MAE） for some Ayurvedic Rasayana drugs and to evaluate their antioxidant potential and carry out the characterization of extracts by thin layer chromatography. Methods： Three Ayurvedic rasayana plants Allium sativum Linn., Bombax ceiba Linn. and Inula racemosa Hook. were evaluated for an improved MAE methodology by determining the effects of grinding degree, extraction solvent, effect of dielectric constant and duration of time on the extractive value. Antioxidant potential of all three drugs was evaluated with 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） radical scavenging activity and reducing power was determined by using Gallic acid as standard. Further thin layer chromatographic （TLC） analysis was performed on pre-activated Silica Gel G plates and Rf value were compared with those reported for the important biomarkers. Results： The total extractive value for Allium sativum Linn. was 36.95% （w/w） and 49.95% （w/w） for ethanol extraction respectively. In case of Bombax ceiba Linn. the yield of aqueous extract by MAE was 50% （w/w） compared to 42% （w/w） in ethanol （50% v/v）. Percent yield of Inula racernosa Hook. in aqueous extract was found to be 27.55% （w/w） which was better than ethanol extract （50%） where the yield was 25.95% （w/w）. Upon antioxidant activity evaluation A. safivum extract showed an absorbance of 0.980 ± 0.92 at concentration of 500 μg with maximum reducing capacity. This was followed by B. ceiba Linn. 0.825 ± 0.98 and I. racemosa Hook. with 0.799 ± 2.01 at a concentration of 500 μ g. TLC based standardization of A. sativum Linn. extract shows single spot with Rf value of 0.38, B. ceiba Linn. extract shows Rf values were 0.23, 0.58, 0.77, 0.92 and I. racemosa Hook. extract spot had a Rf value of 0.72. Conclusions： A significant improvement in extractive values was observed as a factor of time and other advantages by using MAE technology. All three drugs have high antioxidant potential and a TLC profiling similar to reported ones. The presence of fructan type polysaccharide can be further utilized for bioactivity directed fracUonation and evaluation of immunomodulatory activity.
文摘In this study the antioxidant activity of barley malt rootlet (BMR) extracts w</span><span style="font-family:"">as</span><span style="font-family:""> evaluated in heat treated corn oil up to 5 hours at 185</span><span style="font-family:"">°</span><span style="font-family:"">C frying temperature. The antioxidant activity </span><span style="font-family:"">of </span><span style="font-family:"">BMR extracts was measured at 25, 50, 100 and 150 ppm concentrations. The free and bound antioxidant phenolics were extracted from BMR using three different extraction methods. Conventional solvent extraction (CSE), microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and autoclave assisted pretreated solvent extraction (APSE). In the present experiment, the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the various extracts w</span><span style="font-family:"">ere</span><span style="font-family:""> measured. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay was used to evaluate the ability of the BMR to protect lipid peroxidation in corn oil at 185</span><span style="font-family:"">°</span><span style="font-family:"">C frying temperature. The formation of TBARS at 5 hours of heat treated corn oil ha</span><span style="font-family:"">s</span><span style="font-family:""> shown similar antioxidant levels in 150 ppm butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) or MAE free phenolic extract added to corn oil. TBARS value for BHT was 1.896 ± 0.013 μg/mL of corn oil and for MAE was 1.896 ± 0.034 μg/mL of corn oil. The highest level of antioxidant activity was found for the free phenolic extracts. The order of inhibition of oxidation was found to be for free phenolics as follows: BHT (100 ppm) > APSE (50 ppm) > MAE (100 ppm) > CSE (100 ppm).
文摘Globally,approximately 2 billion tons of agricultural waste is generated each year which is rich reservoirs of bioactive compounds.Therefore,it has become increasingly important to manage and treat waste in an environmentally,economically,and socially responsible manner.These compounds can be extracted without altering their properties through the utilization of deep eutectic solvents(DES).Given their exceptional qualities aligning with green chemistry principles,DESs possess significant promise in supplanting conventional organic solvents and ionic liquids(IL).This is owing to natural deep eutectic solvents(NADES)unique physicochemical properties,which include its low toxicity,biodegradability,and biological activity.Meanwhile,conjugating DES using non-conventional extraction techniques such as microwave-assisted extraction(MAE)may reduce extraction times,increase yields,and be more environmentally friendly.The purpose of this study is to give a thorough understanding of valorization of agro-industrial food wastes by extraction of phenolic compounds using green solvents.Specifically,the research concentrates on investigating the physicochemical attributes of NADES and their synergy with the MAE method to retrieve phenolic compounds.Additionally,discussion encompassed the impact of MAE and NADES on the antioxidant,antimicrobial,and other health-promoting properties of bioactive compounds.In conclusion,the results demonstrated the feasibility of using these emerging solvents with MAE for the extraction process.Further,proper elucidation of the extraction mechanisms involved is necessary in order to expand the applications of these emerging solvents for bioactive compound recovery.
基金support from the Guangdong Provincial Department of Science and Technology(51309166049)Guangdong Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine(51340669).
文摘As a waste of sugarcane,the added value of sugarcane leaves has not been fully utilized,and sugarcane leaf polysaccharide is an important active component of sugarcane leaves.Using new extraction methods to study the structure and biological activity of polysaccharides from sugarcane leaves is of great significance for the development and application of sugarcane leaves.To determine the structural characteristics and biological activities of different acidic sugarcane leaf polysaccharides(ASLPs)extracted by microwave-assisted hot alkali extraction(MALE),three new acidic sugarcane leaf polysaccharides(ASLP-50,ASLP-70 and ASLP-90)were precipitated by ethanol.The structure of ASLPs extracted by MALE contains protein,sulfate and uronic acid.ASLP-50(195.88 kDa),ASLP-70(94.62 kDa)and ASLP-90(16.37 kDa)were acidic polysaccharides composed of mannose,galacturonic acid,glucose,arabinose and fucose.The results of XRD and NMR showed that ASLPs were amorphous polysaccharides composed of α-L-Araf-(1→main chain,and its branching points were composed of Arap and GalpA residues.In addition,ASLPs showed significant antioxidant,hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic and antibacterial activities in vitro.The research and application of ASLPs provide a reference for the recycling of sugarcane leaves,which is conducive to the development of food,agriculture and pharmaceutical industries.
基金Acknowledgements This work was financed by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 20976140）. The authors are grateful to Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, USA and Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education for providing the condition of researching.
文摘Recently, biodiesel has received much more attention. Soybean oil, rapeseed oil, palm oil and corn oil are primary feedstock for biodiesel production. However, biodiesel production from these traditional oil-rich crops is limited by land availability, climate, and environmental and social issues regarding the use of feed and food crops for fuel. Oleaginous microorganisms, including microalgae, bacteria, yeast and fungi can be cultivated with high lipid contents and used as promising feedstock for biodiesel production. However, the high cost of biodiesel production using oil microorganisms has been the biggest obstacle for its industrialization. The process of biodiesel production from microorganisms involves many steps, of which the lipids extraction is the most important and costly. Therefore, searching for an effective and economical extraction system is critical. Various approaches of lipids extraction are discussed in this review, including traditional extraction procedures such as solvent extraction, pressing and solvent integrated extraction, as well as some new procedures.
