Manganese dioxide is widely used as a cathode material in aqueous zinc-ion batteries,and the cathode material is a key factor limiting the performance of these batteries.In this study,β-manganese dioxide was used as ...Manganese dioxide is widely used as a cathode material in aqueous zinc-ion batteries,and the cathode material is a key factor limiting the performance of these batteries.In this study,β-manganese dioxide was used as the base material to synthesize two hybrid materials,i.e.manganese dioxide-3D graphene carbon nanotube hybrids(MnO_(2)@3D-GPE/CNT)and manganese dioxide-3D-graphene hybrids(MnO_(2)@3D-GPE),via intermittent highenergy vibration ball milling.Electrochemical tests revealed that the CNT-containing hybrid materials exhibited a higher specific capacity of 480 mAh g^(-1)and superior cycling stability,maintaining over 80%of its initial capacity after 1000 cycles at 500 mA g^(-1)with a Coulombic efficiency close to 100%.MnO_(2)@3D-GPE/CNT had a smaller particle size distribution and a larger specific surface area than MnO_(2)@3D-GPE,explaining its enhanced electrochemical performance.Additionally,MnO_(2)@3D-GPE/CNT exhibited lower electrode impedance,further supporting its efficacy as a cathode material.展开更多
The thermal effects of coal combustion considerably influence the physical and chemical properties,structural characteristics, and stability of rocks, posing a serious threat to the safety of coal mining operations. I...The thermal effects of coal combustion considerably influence the physical and chemical properties,structural characteristics, and stability of rocks, posing a serious threat to the safety of coal mining operations. In this study, the impacts of temperature on the physical and chemical characteristics(i.e., mineral phase, microstructure, and mechanical strength) of sandstone were investigated by employing experimental methods, including microstructural analysis, uniaxial acoustic emission(AE), and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR). The results indicate that temperature alters the mineral phase and the pore characteristics, and these two factors jointly affect the mechanical properties of sandstone. The influence of temperature on the mechanical strength of sandstone is categorized into low-temperature strengthening and high-temperature damage, with a threshold temperature identified at 600 ℃. The lowtemperature strengthening effect encompasses both pore strengthening and mineral phase strengthening, while the high-temperature damage effect primarily results from pore damage. As the experimental temperature rises, both the number of AE events and the AE energy transition from a surge in the postpeak failure stage to a stepwise increase during the loading process. This transition implies that the failure mode of the sandstone sample evolves from brittle failure to tensile failure.展开更多
Phosphate-mineralization microbe was chosen to study the influences of bacterial mixture,filtrate,bacteria solution,bacterial body and bacterial secretion on barium hydrogen phosphate crystal formation.The chemical co...Phosphate-mineralization microbe was chosen to study the influences of bacterial mixture,filtrate,bacteria solution,bacterial body and bacterial secretion on barium hydrogen phosphate crystal formation.The chemical compositions and structures of samples were characterized with scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,transmission electron microscopy（TEM）,and X-ray diffraction techniques（XRD）,revealing that the crystal morphology of barium hydrogen phosphate was dumbbell-shaped pattern,nanoparticles via aggregate clusters,irregular sphere with different sizes.The results indicated that bacterial body and bacterial secretion could induce the formation of irregular quadrilateral and spheres,respectively.But the effect of bacterial secretion was stronger than that of bacterial body when induced barium hydrogen phosphate crystal in bacteria solution.However,the crystals form could be affected only in bacterial mixture,but filtrate could induce the formation of nanoparticles.As a result,the bacteria and metabolites play an important role in the process of crystal nucleation,growth,and accumulation of barium hydrogen phosphate.展开更多
Aluminum(Al) particles are commonly added to energetic materials including propellants,explosives and pyrotechnics to increase the overall energy density of the composite,but aluminum agglomeration on the combustion s...Aluminum(Al) particles are commonly added to energetic materials including propellants,explosives and pyrotechnics to increase the overall energy density of the composite,but aluminum agglomeration on the combustion surface may lower the combustion efficiency of propellants,resulting in a loss in twophase flow.Therefore,it is necessary to understand the agglomeration mechanism of aluminum particles on the combustion surface.In this paper,a high-pressure sealed combustion chamber is constructed,and high-speed camera is used to capture the whole process of aluminum accumulation,aggregation and agglomeration on the combustion surface,and the secondary agglomeration process near the combustion surface.The microscopic morphology and chemical composition of the condensed combustion products(CCPs) are then studied by using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive(SEM-EDS) method.Results show that there are three main types of condensed combustion products:small smoke oxide particles oxidized by aluminum vapor,usually less than 1 μm;typical agglomerates formed by the combustion of aluminum agglomerates;carbonized agglomerates that are widely distributed,usually formed by irregular movements of aluminum agglomerates.The particle size of condensed combustion products is measured by laser particle size meter.As the pressure increases from 0.5 MPa to 1.0 MPa in nitrogen,the mass average particle size of aluminum agglomerates decreases by 49.7%.As the ambient gas is changed from 0.5 MPa nitrogen to 0.5 MPa air,the mass average particle size of aluminum agglomerates decreases by 67.3%.Results show that as the ambient pressure increases,the higher oxygen content can improve combustion efficiency and reduce the average agglomeration size of aluminum particles.展开更多
It is of great significance to study the spatial distribution patterns and petrophysical complexity of volcanic vesicles which determine whether the reservoir spaces of the volcanic rocks can accumulate oil and gas an...It is of great significance to study the spatial distribution patterns and petrophysical complexity of volcanic vesicles which determine whether the reservoir spaces of the volcanic rocks can accumulate oil and gas and enrich high yields or not.In this paper,the digital images of three different textures of vesicular andesite samples,including spherical vesicular andesite,shear deformation vesicular andesite,and secondary filling vesicular andesite,are obtained by microscopic morphology X-CT imaging technology.The spatial micro-vesicle heterogeneity of vesicular andesite samples with different textures is quantitatively analyzed by fractal and multifractal methods such as box-counting dimension and the moment method.It is found that the shear stress weakens the spatial homogeneity since vesicles rupture are accelerated,elongated directionally,and connected with one another under the strain;the secondary filling breaks the vesicles,which significantly enhances the spatial heterogeneity.In addition,shear stress and secondary filling increase the complexity of vesicle microstructures characterized by different fractal and multifractal parameters.These conclusions will provide important theoretical and practical insights into understanding the degassing of volcanic rocks and prediction of high-quality volcanic reservoirs.展开更多
The effect of Al-3Ti-0.2C-5Sr （wt%） grain refiner on the refining performance and modification of A356 alloy was investigated using optical microscope （OM）.The morphology and crystal structure of ternary Al-Ti-Sr ...The effect of Al-3Ti-0.2C-5Sr （wt%） grain refiner on the refining performance and modification of A356 alloy was investigated using optical microscope （OM）.The morphology and crystal structure of ternary Al-Ti-Sr phases in Al-3Ti-0.2C-5Sr refiner were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）.The results show that the ternary Al-Ti-Sr phases in Al-3Ti-0.2C-5Sr refiner can promote the grain refining efficiency of A356 alloy.The ternary Al-Ti-Sr phases co-exist in two morphologies,i.e.,blocky-like phase and surround-like phase,besides,which both have the same chemical composition of Al34Ti3Sr.The crystal structure of Al34TiaSr is face-centered cubic,and the lattice parameter is determined to be about 1.52 nm.展开更多
Direct methanol fuel cells(DMFCs) have attracted extensive attention as promising next-generation energy conversion devices. However, commercialized proton exchange membranes(PEMs) hardly fulfill the demand of methano...Direct methanol fuel cells(DMFCs) have attracted extensive attention as promising next-generation energy conversion devices. However, commercialized proton exchange membranes(PEMs) hardly fulfill the demand of methanol tolerance for DMFCs employing high-concentration methanol solutions.Herein, we report a series of semi-crystalline poly(arylene ether ketone) PEMs with ultra-densely sulfonic-acid-functionalized pendants linked by flexible alkyl chains, namely, SL-SPEK-x(where x represents the molar ratio of the novel monomer containing multiple phenyl side chain to the bisfluoride monomers). The delicate structural design rendered SL-SPEK-x membranes with high crystallinity and well-defined nanoscale phase separation between hydrophilic and hydrophobic phases. The reinforcement from poly(ether ketone) crystals enabled membranes with inhibited dimensional variation and methanol penetration. Furthermore, microphase separation significantly enhanced proton conductivity. The SL-SPEK-12.5 membrane achieved the optimum trade-off between proton conductivity(0.182 S cm^(-1), 80 ℃), water swelling(13.6%, 80 ℃), and methanol permeability(1.6 × 10^(-7)cm~2 s^(-1)). The DMFC assembled by the SL-SPEK-12.5 membrane operated smoothly with a 10 M methanol solution, outputting a maximum power density of 158.3 mW cm^(-2), nearly twice that of Nafion 117(94.2 mW cm^(-2)). Overall, the novel structural optimization strategy provides the possibility of PEMs surviving in high-concentration methanol solutions, thus facilitating the miniaturization and portability of DMFC devices.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To study the morphological basis of the role of Siqi(cold as winter,cool as autumn,warm as spring,hot as summer),Wuwei(five flavors:sweet,pungent,salty,sour,and bitter),and Guijing(meridian tropism) through ...OBJECTIVE:To study the morphological basis of the role of Siqi(cold as winter,cool as autumn,warm as spring,hot as summer),Wuwei(five flavors:sweet,pungent,salty,sour,and bitter),and Guijing(meridian tropism) through the use of information integration.METHODS:A14C-2-deoxy-glucose autoradiography method was adopted to determine the overall impact of treatment with 39 herbs on functions of various tissues and organs.Data was measured at 4hs after a single dose and following the last treatment of repeated doses for a week.Least-squares estimation was used and fitted for each herb regression effect of organs and tissues after singleand repeated treatment.The slope of the regression line represented the cumulative trend of the effect of the herbs(β),and the standard deviation of the slope(Sβ) was compared with those of the untreated animals(t 'test).All significantly cumulative effect trends were applied with an artificial neural network,which integrated the relationship among Siqi,Wuwei,and Guijing with tissues and organs.RESULTS:There is a certain relationship among the Siqi,Wuwei,Guijing and the anatomy of organs and tissues,but the different scores indicate that influence of Siqi,Wuwei,Guijing to anatomy of organs and tissues was a nonlinear state.CONCLUSION:Results demonstrated that the effects of Siqi,Wuwei,and Guijing have a morphological basis,and each concept was associated with multiple anatomical structures.展开更多
Large-scale utilization of solid waste is the key challenge in building sustainable infrastructure.Given the high demand for sandy soil stabilizers in subgrades,dams and other infrastructure projects and the high perm...Large-scale utilization of solid waste is the key challenge in building sustainable infrastructure.Given the high demand for sandy soil stabilizers in subgrades,dams and other infrastructure projects and the high permeability of sandy soil,a sulphoaluminate composite cementitious material(SCCM)was developed by incorporating solid waste-derived sulphoaluminate cementitious material(SAC),desulfurized gypsum,ground granulated blast furnace slag(GGBS),and supplementary industrial byproducts,which can be used as high-permeability stabilizers for sandy soil.The economic and environmental assessment revealed that the carbon emission factor of the SCCM throughout their whole life cycle was 135.8 kg/t.The results revealed that the unconfined compressive strength(UCS)of stabilized sandy soil for 28 d was the highest among all the stabilized sandy soils,and the 28 d immersion stability rate was 72.5%.The 28 d permeability coefficient of sandy soil stabilized by SCCM decreased from 8.7×10^(−4)cm/s for natural sandy soil to 5.7×10^(−7)cm/s,which was 1–2 orders of magnitude lower than that of SAC and ordinary Portland cement(OPC)stabilized sandy soil.Both scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD)showed the co-existence of ettringite and hydrated calcium silicate gel,and their addition improved the properties of the stabilized sandy soil.The results of the low-field nuclear magnetic resonance(LF-NMR)test revealed that the porosity of the SCCM stabilized sandy soil was lower than that of the SAC stabilized sandy soil and OPC,resulting in a dense structure.This study provides an innovative solution for the utilization of bulk solid waste in stabilizing sandy soil in infrastructure projects.展开更多
基金2024 Hebei College students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program project(S202410075065)2025 Hebei College students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program project(DC2005444)Horizontal project 20230048,20230049.
文摘Manganese dioxide is widely used as a cathode material in aqueous zinc-ion batteries,and the cathode material is a key factor limiting the performance of these batteries.In this study,β-manganese dioxide was used as the base material to synthesize two hybrid materials,i.e.manganese dioxide-3D graphene carbon nanotube hybrids(MnO_(2)@3D-GPE/CNT)and manganese dioxide-3D-graphene hybrids(MnO_(2)@3D-GPE),via intermittent highenergy vibration ball milling.Electrochemical tests revealed that the CNT-containing hybrid materials exhibited a higher specific capacity of 480 mAh g^(-1)and superior cycling stability,maintaining over 80%of its initial capacity after 1000 cycles at 500 mA g^(-1)with a Coulombic efficiency close to 100%.MnO_(2)@3D-GPE/CNT had a smaller particle size distribution and a larger specific surface area than MnO_(2)@3D-GPE,explaining its enhanced electrochemical performance.Additionally,MnO_(2)@3D-GPE/CNT exhibited lower electrode impedance,further supporting its efficacy as a cathode material.
基金supported by the Deep Earth Probe and Mineral Resources Exploration-National Science and Technology Major Project (No. 2024ZD1004104)the Xinjiang Key Research and DevelopmentSpecialProject(Nos.2023B03009-1and 2022B03028-3)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52104103, 52174128, and 52364021)the Teaching Research Project of China University of Mining and Technology (No. 2024JY013)。
文摘The thermal effects of coal combustion considerably influence the physical and chemical properties,structural characteristics, and stability of rocks, posing a serious threat to the safety of coal mining operations. In this study, the impacts of temperature on the physical and chemical characteristics(i.e., mineral phase, microstructure, and mechanical strength) of sandstone were investigated by employing experimental methods, including microstructural analysis, uniaxial acoustic emission(AE), and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR). The results indicate that temperature alters the mineral phase and the pore characteristics, and these two factors jointly affect the mechanical properties of sandstone. The influence of temperature on the mechanical strength of sandstone is categorized into low-temperature strengthening and high-temperature damage, with a threshold temperature identified at 600 ℃. The lowtemperature strengthening effect encompasses both pore strengthening and mineral phase strengthening, while the high-temperature damage effect primarily results from pore damage. As the experimental temperature rises, both the number of AE events and the AE energy transition from a surge in the postpeak failure stage to a stepwise increase during the loading process. This transition implies that the failure mode of the sandstone sample evolves from brittle failure to tensile failure.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.5137203851178104)+1 种基金Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Southeast University(No.YBJJ1453)333 Project of Jiangsu Province
文摘Phosphate-mineralization microbe was chosen to study the influences of bacterial mixture,filtrate,bacteria solution,bacterial body and bacterial secretion on barium hydrogen phosphate crystal formation.The chemical compositions and structures of samples were characterized with scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,transmission electron microscopy（TEM）,and X-ray diffraction techniques（XRD）,revealing that the crystal morphology of barium hydrogen phosphate was dumbbell-shaped pattern,nanoparticles via aggregate clusters,irregular sphere with different sizes.The results indicated that bacterial body and bacterial secretion could induce the formation of irregular quadrilateral and spheres,respectively.But the effect of bacterial secretion was stronger than that of bacterial body when induced barium hydrogen phosphate crystal in bacteria solution.However,the crystals form could be affected only in bacterial mixture,but filtrate could induce the formation of nanoparticles.As a result,the bacteria and metabolites play an important role in the process of crystal nucleation,growth,and accumulation of barium hydrogen phosphate.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.52006099)the Fundamental Research Funds of the Central Universities (Grant No.30920021102,No.309181B8812)the Six Talent Peaks Project of Jiangsu Province of China (Grant No.2016-HKHT-017)。
文摘Aluminum(Al) particles are commonly added to energetic materials including propellants,explosives and pyrotechnics to increase the overall energy density of the composite,but aluminum agglomeration on the combustion surface may lower the combustion efficiency of propellants,resulting in a loss in twophase flow.Therefore,it is necessary to understand the agglomeration mechanism of aluminum particles on the combustion surface.In this paper,a high-pressure sealed combustion chamber is constructed,and high-speed camera is used to capture the whole process of aluminum accumulation,aggregation and agglomeration on the combustion surface,and the secondary agglomeration process near the combustion surface.The microscopic morphology and chemical composition of the condensed combustion products(CCPs) are then studied by using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive(SEM-EDS) method.Results show that there are three main types of condensed combustion products:small smoke oxide particles oxidized by aluminum vapor,usually less than 1 μm;typical agglomerates formed by the combustion of aluminum agglomerates;carbonized agglomerates that are widely distributed,usually formed by irregular movements of aluminum agglomerates.The particle size of condensed combustion products is measured by laser particle size meter.As the pressure increases from 0.5 MPa to 1.0 MPa in nitrogen,the mass average particle size of aluminum agglomerates decreases by 49.7%.As the ambient gas is changed from 0.5 MPa nitrogen to 0.5 MPa air,the mass average particle size of aluminum agglomerates decreases by 67.3%.Results show that as the ambient pressure increases,the higher oxygen content can improve combustion efficiency and reduce the average agglomeration size of aluminum particles.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41872250)supported by PetroChina Dagang Oilfield Company“Study on Igneous Rock Distribution and Reservoir Prediction in Dagang Exploration Area”(No.DGTY-2018-JS-408)China National Petroleum Corporation Major Science and Technology Program“Research and Application of Key Technologies for Increasing Efficiency,Storing and Stabilizing Production in Dagang Oilfield”(No.2018E-11).
文摘It is of great significance to study the spatial distribution patterns and petrophysical complexity of volcanic vesicles which determine whether the reservoir spaces of the volcanic rocks can accumulate oil and gas and enrich high yields or not.In this paper,the digital images of three different textures of vesicular andesite samples,including spherical vesicular andesite,shear deformation vesicular andesite,and secondary filling vesicular andesite,are obtained by microscopic morphology X-CT imaging technology.The spatial micro-vesicle heterogeneity of vesicular andesite samples with different textures is quantitatively analyzed by fractal and multifractal methods such as box-counting dimension and the moment method.It is found that the shear stress weakens the spatial homogeneity since vesicles rupture are accelerated,elongated directionally,and connected with one another under the strain;the secondary filling breaks the vesicles,which significantly enhances the spatial heterogeneity.In addition,shear stress and secondary filling increase the complexity of vesicle microstructures characterized by different fractal and multifractal parameters.These conclusions will provide important theoretical and practical insights into understanding the degassing of volcanic rocks and prediction of high-quality volcanic reservoirs.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51174177)
文摘The effect of Al-3Ti-0.2C-5Sr （wt%） grain refiner on the refining performance and modification of A356 alloy was investigated using optical microscope （OM）.The morphology and crystal structure of ternary Al-Ti-Sr phases in Al-3Ti-0.2C-5Sr refiner were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）.The results show that the ternary Al-Ti-Sr phases in Al-3Ti-0.2C-5Sr refiner can promote the grain refining efficiency of A356 alloy.The ternary Al-Ti-Sr phases co-exist in two morphologies,i.e.,blocky-like phase and surround-like phase,besides,which both have the same chemical composition of Al34Ti3Sr.The crystal structure of Al34TiaSr is face-centered cubic,and the lattice parameter is determined to be about 1.52 nm.
基金supported by the program of Jilin Provincial Department of Science and Technology (YDZJ202301ZYTS320)。
文摘Direct methanol fuel cells(DMFCs) have attracted extensive attention as promising next-generation energy conversion devices. However, commercialized proton exchange membranes(PEMs) hardly fulfill the demand of methanol tolerance for DMFCs employing high-concentration methanol solutions.Herein, we report a series of semi-crystalline poly(arylene ether ketone) PEMs with ultra-densely sulfonic-acid-functionalized pendants linked by flexible alkyl chains, namely, SL-SPEK-x(where x represents the molar ratio of the novel monomer containing multiple phenyl side chain to the bisfluoride monomers). The delicate structural design rendered SL-SPEK-x membranes with high crystallinity and well-defined nanoscale phase separation between hydrophilic and hydrophobic phases. The reinforcement from poly(ether ketone) crystals enabled membranes with inhibited dimensional variation and methanol penetration. Furthermore, microphase separation significantly enhanced proton conductivity. The SL-SPEK-12.5 membrane achieved the optimum trade-off between proton conductivity(0.182 S cm^(-1), 80 ℃), water swelling(13.6%, 80 ℃), and methanol permeability(1.6 × 10^(-7)cm~2 s^(-1)). The DMFC assembled by the SL-SPEK-12.5 membrane operated smoothly with a 10 M methanol solution, outputting a maximum power density of 158.3 mW cm^(-2), nearly twice that of Nafion 117(94.2 mW cm^(-2)). Overall, the novel structural optimization strategy provides the possibility of PEMs surviving in high-concentration methanol solutions, thus facilitating the miniaturization and portability of DMFC devices.
基金Support by National Natural Science Foundation Grant(Correlation Analysis Among Herb's Properties affecting the Multiple Parameters of the Blood and the Morphology of the Organism Structure,No.81473366)
文摘OBJECTIVE:To study the morphological basis of the role of Siqi(cold as winter,cool as autumn,warm as spring,hot as summer),Wuwei(five flavors:sweet,pungent,salty,sour,and bitter),and Guijing(meridian tropism) through the use of information integration.METHODS:A14C-2-deoxy-glucose autoradiography method was adopted to determine the overall impact of treatment with 39 herbs on functions of various tissues and organs.Data was measured at 4hs after a single dose and following the last treatment of repeated doses for a week.Least-squares estimation was used and fitted for each herb regression effect of organs and tissues after singleand repeated treatment.The slope of the regression line represented the cumulative trend of the effect of the herbs(β),and the standard deviation of the slope(Sβ) was compared with those of the untreated animals(t 'test).All significantly cumulative effect trends were applied with an artificial neural network,which integrated the relationship among Siqi,Wuwei,and Guijing with tissues and organs.RESULTS:There is a certain relationship among the Siqi,Wuwei,Guijing and the anatomy of organs and tissues,but the different scores indicate that influence of Siqi,Wuwei,Guijing to anatomy of organs and tissues was a nonlinear state.CONCLUSION:Results demonstrated that the effects of Siqi,Wuwei,and Guijing have a morphological basis,and each concept was associated with multiple anatomical structures.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2024YFC3906800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52306154)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(No.ZR2024ME095)the Science and Technology Development Plan of Jinan(No.202323018)。
文摘Large-scale utilization of solid waste is the key challenge in building sustainable infrastructure.Given the high demand for sandy soil stabilizers in subgrades,dams and other infrastructure projects and the high permeability of sandy soil,a sulphoaluminate composite cementitious material(SCCM)was developed by incorporating solid waste-derived sulphoaluminate cementitious material(SAC),desulfurized gypsum,ground granulated blast furnace slag(GGBS),and supplementary industrial byproducts,which can be used as high-permeability stabilizers for sandy soil.The economic and environmental assessment revealed that the carbon emission factor of the SCCM throughout their whole life cycle was 135.8 kg/t.The results revealed that the unconfined compressive strength(UCS)of stabilized sandy soil for 28 d was the highest among all the stabilized sandy soils,and the 28 d immersion stability rate was 72.5%.The 28 d permeability coefficient of sandy soil stabilized by SCCM decreased from 8.7×10^(−4)cm/s for natural sandy soil to 5.7×10^(−7)cm/s,which was 1–2 orders of magnitude lower than that of SAC and ordinary Portland cement(OPC)stabilized sandy soil.Both scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD)showed the co-existence of ettringite and hydrated calcium silicate gel,and their addition improved the properties of the stabilized sandy soil.The results of the low-field nuclear magnetic resonance(LF-NMR)test revealed that the porosity of the SCCM stabilized sandy soil was lower than that of the SAC stabilized sandy soil and OPC,resulting in a dense structure.This study provides an innovative solution for the utilization of bulk solid waste in stabilizing sandy soil in infrastructure projects.
