As a new type of pollutant,the harm caused by microplastics(MPs)to organisms has been the research focus.Recently,the proportion of MPs ingested through the digestive tract has gradually increased with the popularity ...As a new type of pollutant,the harm caused by microplastics(MPs)to organisms has been the research focus.Recently,the proportion of MPs ingested through the digestive tract has gradually increased with the popularity of fast-food products,such as takeout.The damage to the digestive system has attracted increasing attention.We reviewed the literature regarding toxicity of MPs and observed that they have different effects on multiple organs of the digestive system.The mechanism may be related to the toxic effects of MPs themselves,interactions with various substances in the biological body,and participation in various signaling pathways to induce adverse reactions as a carrier of toxins to increase the time and amount of body absorption.Based on the toxicity mechanism of MPs,we propose specific suggestions to provide a theoretical reference for the government and relevant departments.展开更多
As the main component of electronic products,plastics contain complex and diverse metal additives.Recycling process is not conducive to stable existence of metal additives in electronic plastics.Once the e-waste plast...As the main component of electronic products,plastics contain complex and diverse metal additives.Recycling process is not conducive to stable existence of metal additives in electronic plastics.Once the e-waste plastics enter the environment,they will continue to release harmful metals into environment after aging,causing serious hazards.This study delved into the analysis and comparison of metal content of e-waste plastics,elucidating aging process and metal leaching behavior over a 112-day natural light exposure period.The findings underscored that metal content in recycled plastics surpassed that in their new counterparts.Specifically,Ti content in new plastics remained below 100 mg/kg,while recycled plastics exhibited Ti content surpassing 100 mg/kg threshold.Throughout prolonged natural light exposure,metals such as Zn,Ba and Sb demonstrated a heightened likelihood of release from electronic plastics in comparison to other metals.The aging process during light exposure led to fragmentation of electronic plastics,accompanied by a reduction in particle size.Notably,the particle size reduction was more pronounced in poly acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS)and recycled ABS,experiencing reductions of 40µm and 85µm,respectively.This phenomenon was attributed to the presence of polybutadiene structural units,which proved more susceptible to aging.Along with the breaking of plastics,the ABS plastics released metal species such as Pb,Cd,Ni,Al that had not been detected in other plastics solutions.The collective evidence from this study suggested that ABS and recycled ABS electronic plastics might pose a heightened potential environmental risk compared to other electronic plastics.展开更多
This paper summarizes the mechanisms and environmental effects of interactions between microplastics and surfactants: surfactants adsorb onto microplastics surfaces through hydrophobic interactions and electrostatic f...This paper summarizes the mechanisms and environmental effects of interactions between microplastics and surfactants: surfactants adsorb onto microplastics surfaces through hydrophobic interactions and electrostatic forces, changing their surface properties and transport behavior. In addition, microplastics act as carriers influencing surfactant distribution. Environmental factors (pH, ionic strength, etc. ) significantly regulate this process. Current research still has limitations in areas such as desorption kinetics and combined pollution effects, necessitating in-depth studies under environmentally relevant conditions to provide a basis for risk assessment.展开更多
Microplastics(MPs) are an emerging environmental pollutant and have penetrated the most remote and primitive areas. MPs degradation has received widespread attention. Manganese(Mn) is a highly reactive metal element i...Microplastics(MPs) are an emerging environmental pollutant and have penetrated the most remote and primitive areas. MPs degradation has received widespread attention. Manganese(Mn) is a highly reactive metal element in the environment, yet its contribution to MPs degradation remains unclear. Herein,we simulated the aging of polyethylene MPs with Mn(Ⅱ) under aqueous conditions at pH 5 and 8 for720 days. Mn greatly promoted the MPs degradation, and the average particle sizes of polyethylene MPs were reduced from 9.2 μm to 5.9 μm after aging at pH 5 under light irradiation for 720 days. Plenty of oxygen-containing groups were generated on the MPs surfaces, and the carbonyl index remarkably increased, reaching four times that of the control without adding Mn. Mechanistically, the adsorbed Mn(Ⅱ)on the MPs surfaces were primarily oxidized to high-valence Mn(Ⅲ/Ⅳ) profited from the photoproduced radicals, followed by the MPs oxidation via Mn(Ⅲ/Ⅳ), which were reduced to regenerate Mn(Ⅱ), initiating a new redox cycling. During the degradation, dissolved organic matter was continuously released, mainly including bisphenol A and phthalic acid esters. Mn acts as a catalyst to accelerate the MPs degradation by redox cycling. Our results provide a new insight into the mechanisms of abiotic degradation of MPs in aqueous environments.展开更多
Co-exposure of pharmaceuticals and microplastics(MPs)significantly exacerbates the aquatic environmental pollution issue.While MPs are identified as carriers of pollutants,research on the adsorption behaviors of biode...Co-exposure of pharmaceuticals and microplastics(MPs)significantly exacerbates the aquatic environmental pollution issue.While MPs are identified as carriers of pollutants,research on the adsorption behaviors of biodegradable and conventional MPs to pharmaceuticals limited.The study investigated the adsorption behavior of conventional MPs(polystyrene and polyethylene terephthalate),biodegradable MPs polylactic acid(PLA)and polybutylene succinate(PBS)for sulfamethoxazole(SMX).Meanwhile,changes in physicalchemical properties,including morphology,crystallinity,hydrophobicity and structures of MPs after aging(e.g.,ultraviolet treatment)were investigated.Results exhibited that the oxygen-containing functional groups of MPs surface increased after ultraviolet treatment and enhanced the adsorption capacity for SMX,except for PLA.PLA exhibits the highest adsorption capacity,primarily due to its higher hydrophobicity and larger pore size.In contrast,PBS shows the lowest adsorption affinity for SMX because of its hydrophilicity and small pore size.The adsorption capacity of degradable MPs after aging is greater than that of non-degradable MPs.Electrostatic interaction and hydrophobic interaction are the main mechanisms of adsorption of virgin MPs,while hydrogen bond interaction and electrostatic interaction are the primary adsorption mechanisms for aged MPs.These results contribute to understanding the co-transport and migration of SMX and MPs in the environment,and furnish the necessary data for their ecological risk assessment.展开更多
Against the backdrop of the global push for environmental protection and the reduction of plastic pollution,the research and development of alternatives to daily disposable plastic products such as straws have become ...Against the backdrop of the global push for environmental protection and the reduction of plastic pollution,the research and development of alternatives to daily disposable plastic products such as straws have become a hot topic in the environmental protection field.Traditional plastic straws are difficult to degrade,imposing a severe burden on the environment.Meanwhile,existing alternatives like paper straws and PLA(polylactic acid)straws also have numerous drawbacks.展开更多
Microplastics(MPs),as a new category of environmental pollutant,have been the hotspot of eco-friendly issues nowadays.Studies based on the aging process,the migration pattern of MPs in runoff rainwater,and the use of ...Microplastics(MPs),as a new category of environmental pollutant,have been the hotspot of eco-friendly issues nowadays.Studies based on the aging process,the migration pattern of MPs in runoff rainwater,and the use of bioretention cells to remove MPs from runoff rainwater are beginning to attract widespread attention.This review analyses the migration patterns of MPs in rainwater runoff through their sources,structure and characteristics.The mechanism of removing MPs from runoff stormwater,the purification efficiency of different fillers and their influencing factors,and the accumulation,fate,and aging of MPs in bioretention cells are described.Furthermore,the hazards of MP accumulation on the performance of bioretention cells are summarised.Future directions for removing MPs in bioretention cells are proposed:(1)research on MPs smaller than 100μm;(2)influence of MPs aging process on bioretention cells;(3)exploration of more effective fillers to enhance their removal efficiency;(4)research on synergistic removal mechanism of MPs and other pollution.展开更多
As ubiquitous environmental contaminants,microplastics(MPs)have garnered global concern due to their persistence,bioaccumulation potential,and multifaceted threats to ecosystem health.These particles threaten terrestr...As ubiquitous environmental contaminants,microplastics(MPs)have garnered global concern due to their persistence,bioaccumulation potential,and multifaceted threats to ecosystem health.These particles threaten terrestrial ecosystems via soil contamination;however,research on their phytotoxicity remains predominantly focused on herbaceous plants.The responses of woody plants to MPs and their interspecific differences are severely unexplored.Here,two important ecological and economical tree species in southern China,Pinus massoniana(P.massoniana)and Schima superba(S.superba),were selected to explore the ecotoxicity effects of polyethylene(PE)and polypropylene(PP)MPs(the two most abundant species in the soil)on seedling growth characteristics,specific leaf area(SLA)and biomass allocation at 0%,1%,5%and 10%concentration gradients in the 120-day potted experiment.The results showed that the inhibition effect of MPs was concentration and tree species-dependent.Seedling height,basal diameter,and total biomass of P.massoniana decreased significantly with increased concentration,while S.superba showed a non-significant growth effect at 1%concentration.The SLA was generally increased,revealing that plants enhanced their light capture ability through leaf morphological plasticity to compensate for the loss of carbon assimilation.There were interspecific differences in root investment strategies:the root-shoot ratio of P.massoniana was significantly reduced by 48.43%under 10%PP treatment.In comparison,the root-shoot ratio of S.superba was significantly reduced by maintaining a higher root-shoot ratio(65.26%higher than that of P.massoniana on average)and phased resource allocation(5%concentration biomass is higher than 10%)partially alleviated the toxic pressure.Collectively,our results indicate that the ecotoxicity of MPs was mainly driven by concentration and was not correlated with type(PE/PP),while the differences in tree species response were closely related to their resource allocation strategies and morphological plasticity.These findings imply that MPs contamination can differently impact the growth and development of dominant tree species,potentially altering the structure,diversity,and function of forest ecosystems.This study systematically revealed the growth response mechanism of native common tree species to MPs pollution and provided a theoretical basis for sustainable management of plantations and toxicological risk assessment of forest ecosystems.展开更多
Microplastics(MPs)pollution has become a worldwide environmental problem.The study about the effects of microplastics on fish,especially on the fish immune system is limited.In the present study,the transcriptome of s...Microplastics(MPs)pollution has become a worldwide environmental problem.The study about the effects of microplastics on fish,especially on the fish immune system is limited.In the present study,the transcriptome of soiny mullet(Liza haematocheila)larvae at 7 d and 14 d post 0.5μm MPs exposure were analyzed by DNBSEQ platform.A total number of 96585 unigenes were obtained with average length of 1925 bp.Approximately 72.48%(70004),76.80%(74176),and 62.94%(60787)unigenes were matched with the annotated sequences for non-redundant(NR),NCBI nucleotide(NT)and Swissprot database,respectively.Compared with control group,1336 differently expressed genes(DEGs)were identified at 7 d post MPs exposure.As the MPs exposure time extended to 14 d,the number of DEGs in the MPs exposure group reached to 3561.Further,KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that several immune-related pathways,such as interleukin(IL)-17 signaling pathway,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)signaling pathway,were affected by MPs exposure.In addition,apoptosis signaling pathway was also enriched under MPs exposure.These results demonstrated that MPs can alter the expressions of immune-related genes,providing basis for understanding the immune toxicity of MPs on fish and other vertebrates.展开更多
Microplastics(MPs)are of particular concern due to their ubiquitous occurrence and propensity to interact and concentrate various waterborne contaminants from aqueous surroundings.Studies on the interaction and joint ...Microplastics(MPs)are of particular concern due to their ubiquitous occurrence and propensity to interact and concentrate various waterborne contaminants from aqueous surroundings.Studies on the interaction and joint toxicity of MPs on engineered nanoparticles(ENPs)are exhaustive,but limited research on the effect of MPs on the properties of ENPs in multisolute systems.Here,the effect of MPs on adsorption ability of ENPs to antibiotics was investigated for the first time.The results demonstrated that MPs enhanced the adsorption affinity of ENPs to antibiotics and MPs before and after aging showed different effects on ENPs.Aged polyamide prevented aggregation of ZnONPs by introducing negative charges,whereas virgin polyamide affected ZnONPs with the help of electrostatic attraction.FT-IR and XPS analyses were used to probe the physicochemical interactions between ENPs and MPs.The results showed no chemical interaction and electrostatic interactionwas the dominant force between them.Furthermore,the adsorption rate of antibiotics positively correlated with pH and humic acid but exhibited a negative correlation with ionic strength.Our study highlights that ENPs are highly capable of accumulating and transporting antibiotics in the presence of MPs,which could result in a widespread distribution of antibiotics and an expansion of their environmental risks and toxic effects on biota.It also improves our understanding of the mutual interaction of various co-existing contaminants in aqueous environments.展开更多
As emerging pollutants,microplastics have recently received considerable attention owing to detection in various organisms and environments.Mass production and widespread use of plastic products increase their potenti...As emerging pollutants,microplastics have recently received considerable attention owing to detection in various organisms and environments.Mass production and widespread use of plastic products increase their potential risks to humans owing to their persistent,mobile,and toxic properties.Numerous methods have been used to identify and quantify the various forms of microplastics,however,unified standards do not exist.In this review,we systematically summarize the sources,migration,transformation,and analytical methods for microplastics in diverse ecosystems,particularly the most recent sampling and identification techniques.Additionally,the environmental effects and health hazards of microplastics on aquatic and terrestrial systems,as well as human beings are discussed.We also present management strategies for reducing microplastics in a broader social and policy context.This review aims to provide an overview of the migration,transformation,sampling,analysis,and environmental effects of microplastics,which addresses knowledge gaps in microplastic pollution and provides proposals for key research gaps.展开更多
Airborne microplastics(MPs)are important pollutants that have been present in the environment for many years and are characterized by their universality,persistence,and potential toxicity.This study investigated the e...Airborne microplastics(MPs)are important pollutants that have been present in the environment for many years and are characterized by their universality,persistence,and potential toxicity.This study investigated the effects of terrestrial and marine transport of MPs in the atmosphere of a coastal city and compared the difference between daytime and nighttime.Laser direct infrared imaging(LDIR)and polarized light microscopy were used to characterize the physical and chemical properties of MPs,including number concentration,chemical types,shape,and size.Backward trajectories were used to distinguish the air masses from marine and terrestrial transport.Twenty chemical types were detected by LDIR,with rubber(16.7%)and phenol-formaldehyde resin(PFR;14.8%)being major components.Three main morphological types of MPs were identified,and fragments(78.1%)are the dominant type.MPs in the atmosphere were concentrated in the small particle size segment(20-50μm).The concentration of MPs in the air mass from marine transport was 14.7 items/m^(3)-lower than that from terrestrial transport(32.0 items/m^(3)).The number concentration of airborne MPs was negatively correlated with relative humidity.MPs from terrestrial transport were mainly rubber(20.2%),while those from marine transport were mainly PFR(18%).MPs in the marine transport air mass were more aged and had a lower number concentration than those in the terrestrial transport air mass.The number concentration of airborne MPs is higher during the day than at night.These findings could contribute to the development of targeted control measures and methods to reduce MP pollution.展开更多
Microplastics(MPs)are ubiquitous in the environment,continuously undergo aging processes and release toxic chemical substances.Understanding the environmental behaviors of MPs is critical to accurately evaluate their ...Microplastics(MPs)are ubiquitous in the environment,continuously undergo aging processes and release toxic chemical substances.Understanding the environmental behaviors of MPs is critical to accurately evaluate their long-term ecological risk.Generalized twodimensional correlation spectroscopy(2D-COS)is a powerful tool for MPs studies,which can dig more comprehensive information hiding in the conventional one-dimensional spectra,such as infrared(IR)and Raman spectra.The recent applications of 2D-COS in analyzing the behaviors and fates of MPs in the environment,including their aging processes,and interactions with natural organicmatter(NOM)or other chemical substances,were summarized systematically.The main requirements and limitations of current approaches for exploring these processes are discussed,and the corresponding strategies to address these limitations and drawbacks are proposed as well.Finally,new trends of 2D-COS are prospected for analyzing the properties and behaviors of MPs in both natural and artificial environmental processes.展开更多
P-arsanilic acid(AA)has received widespread attention because of its conversion to more toxic inorganic arsenic compounds(arsenate and arsenite)in the natural ecosystems.Its removal process and mechanisms with co-exis...P-arsanilic acid(AA)has received widespread attention because of its conversion to more toxic inorganic arsenic compounds(arsenate and arsenite)in the natural ecosystems.Its removal process and mechanisms with co-existence of microplastics remain unkown.In this study,biochar loaded with nano zero-valent iron(nZVI)particles(ISBC)was prepared by using iron scrap obtained from a steel works and wood chips collected from a wood processing plant.The advanced oxidation system of sodium persulfate(PDS)activated by ISBC was applied for AA degradation and inorganic arsenic control in aqueous media.More than 99%of the AA was completely degraded by the ISBC/PDS system,and the As(III)on AA was almost completely oxidized to As(V)and finally removed by ISBC.HCO_(3)−inhibited the removal of AA by the ISBC/PDS system,while Cl^(−)had a dual effect that showing inhibition at low concentrations yet promotion at high concentrations.The effect of microplastics on the degradation of AA by the ISBC/PDS system was further investigated due to the potential for combined microplastic and organic arsenic contamination in rural/remote areas.Microplastics were found to have little effect on AA degradation in the ISBC/PDS system,while affect the transport of inorganic arsenic generated from AA degradation.Overall,this study provides new insights and methods for efficient removal of p-arsanilic acid from water with coexisting microplastics.展开更多
Marine pollution poses a critical threat to biodiversity.The synergistic effects of microplastics,specifically high-density polyethylene(HDPE),combined with benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P)and heavy metals,on the physiology and ...Marine pollution poses a critical threat to biodiversity.The synergistic effects of microplastics,specifically high-density polyethylene(HDPE),combined with benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P)and heavy metals,on the physiology and feeding behavior of the seahorse,Hippocampus erectus were studied.The growth parameters,pollutant bioaccumulation,enzymatic response,and feeding dynamics were extensively analyzed.Seahorses exposed to microplastics-borne B[a]P and heavy metals exhibited notable reductions in body length and weight,as well as in survival rates,indicating severe stress from these contaminants.The accumulation of pollutant particularly B[a]P in seahorse exceeded China’s national regulatory limit of 5μg/kg,and the B[a]P accumulation in seahorses was obviously aided by HDPE microplastics,posing a risk to marine organisms and human health via the food chain.The adaptive response of the seahorses was evident shown in the elevation of antioxidant enzyme activities,which is a biological mechanism to mitigate oxidative stress induced by the pollutants.However,this physiological adaptation comes at a cost,as evidenced by marked changes in the feeding behavior.Results show that the efficiency and frequency of feeding were greatly reduced,indicating a heavy impact on the ecological role and survival of this marine creature in polluted habitats.This research offers a crucial perspective on the compound threats of microplastics and associated pollutants in marine ecosystems.It highlights the urgent need develop comprehensive strategies to address these environmental issues.The findings are an important contribution to ecotoxicology,providing a deeper understanding of how microplastics act as vectors for other contaminants and their profound effects on marine life,especially species like seahorses.This study calls for action to strengthen environmental policies and practices aimed at mitigating the impact of marine pollution.展开更多
Plastic pollution and microplastics in sediments are a growing concern for marine ecosystems worldwide.We examined the vertical distribution and properties of microplastics in beach sediments of Xuwen Coral Reef Natio...Plastic pollution and microplastics in sediments are a growing concern for marine ecosystems worldwide.We examined the vertical distribution and properties of microplastics in beach sediments of Xuwen Coral Reef National Nature Reserve,in Leizhou Peninsula,Zhanjiang,China.Sediment samples were taken in seven locations at 5-cm intervals from the surface to a depth of 30 cm.The vertical distribution of microplastic particles ranged from 0 to 1340 particles per kg on average of 119.05particles per kg.The most prevalent material was fibers(76%),followed by film(12%),fragments(11.2%),and foam(0.8%).The microplastics in size of 1-2 mm constituted the largest percentage(40%)of the total,followed by those in size of<1 mm(26.4%),2-3 mm(21.2%),3-4 mm(9.6%),and 4-5 mm(2.81%).Site S1 observed maximum sizes between 1 and 2 mm,S2 reported higher availability of microplastics with sizes ranging from 0.3 to 1 mm.Six different types of polymers were identified in the investigation,and mostly were polyethylene(PE)and polypropylene(PP).In general,the observation of microplastics in deeper sediments indicates that they have the ability to last for prolonged periods in the marine environment,which may present long-term hazards to benthic creatures.In conclusion,the discovery of microplastics in deep layers of coastal sediments highlights the necessity of minimizing plastic waste and enhancing management strategies to safeguard marine environments.展开更多
To explore the relationship of microplastic pollution in different media in marine environment,microplastics in the surface seawater and sediments of Laizhou Bay,Bohai Sea,North China,were studied.Seawater samples wer...To explore the relationship of microplastic pollution in different media in marine environment,microplastics in the surface seawater and sediments of Laizhou Bay,Bohai Sea,North China,were studied.Seawater samples were collected using a pre-concentrator equipped with a 20-μm mesh size sieve,and sediment samples were collected by a box sampler.The shape,color,size,and type of microplastics were obtained by a stereomicroscope and a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(ATR-μ-FT-IR).Results show that the abundance of microplastics in the surface seawater of Laizhou Bay was 858.3±573.2 items/m~3,and that of microplastics in sediments was 151.0±77.4 items/kg dry weight(d.w.)The microplastics in seawater and sediments were mainly fibrous.Meanwhile,the microplastics in seawater were mainly transparent,and those in sediments were transparent and blue.The highest proportion of microplastics in seawater was rayon(77.48%),followed by polyethylene terephthalate(PET,13.17%).The highest proportion of microplastics in sediments was rayon(73.66%),followed by PET(8.90%).The size of microplastics in 1000-2000μm accounted for the largest proportion of 28.54%in seawater,while that in 500-1000μm took 27.93%in sediment.Microplastics in seawater and sediment showed medium-level pollution.In seawater,microplastic abundance was higher in offshore and nearshore areas of Weifang.In sediment,microplastic abundance was higher in offshore and nearshore areas of Dongying.The results of the principal component analysis(PCA)indicated that microplastics in sediment exhibited greater stability compared to those in seawater.The microplastics in seawater and sediment show a positive correlation in terms of shape and plastic type,while exhibiting a negative correlation in terms of color.Overall,microplastics in sediments were smaller in size,and those in seawater and sediments had consistent size distribution characteristics in space.展开更多
In this study,the occurrence,sources,and ecological risk of microplastics(>60μm)in the surface and bottom seawater were investigated in the Beibu Gulf,the northern South China Sea.The average abundance of micropla...In this study,the occurrence,sources,and ecological risk of microplastics(>60μm)in the surface and bottom seawater were investigated in the Beibu Gulf,the northern South China Sea.The average abundance of microplastics in surface and bottom waters was 1.35±0.93 and 0.79±0.50 items/m~3,respectively.Microplastics in both surface and bottom waters were predominantly in the form of fragments,and mostly in green.The composition of microplastics in surface water was primarily poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMA),whereas in bottom water,polyethylene(PE)dominated.Positive matrix factorization(PMF)modeling revealed that the primary sources of microplastics were pipeline abrasion,fishing activities,plastic waste,landfill disposal,transportation,aquaculture,and construction activities.The pollution load index(PLI)indicated that the overall risk of microplastic pollution in the Beibu Gulf was low.Conversely,the polymer hazard index(PHI)for microplastics was relatively high.These data underscore the importance of timely and effective reduction of human-intensive activities contributing to microplastic pollution and provide valuable information for further research in microplastic ecotoxicology and biogeochemistry.展开更多
Microplastics(MPs)are one of the most concerning pollutants that affects the health and growth of aquatic organisms.We characterized the MPs dispersion in the milli-Q water and seawater,and evaluated the effects of MP...Microplastics(MPs)are one of the most concerning pollutants that affects the health and growth of aquatic organisms.We characterized the MPs dispersion in the milli-Q water and seawater,and evaluated the effects of MPs on the gut epithelial cells of brine shrimp using three sizes of polystyrene(PS)microbeads(0.05,0.5,and 5μm,respectively).Results show that microbeads evenly dispersed in milli-Q water,but exhibited aggregation tendency in seawater associating with the particle size.Apart from a reduced survival rate,we observed the structure changes in the gut epithelium that the smaller size of PS microbeads resulted in an increased reactive oxygen species(ROS)and higher apoptosis-related genes expression.Moreover,exposure to all size of PS microbeads led to increased green fluorescence of J-monomer,indicating the declined mitochondrial membrane potential.Therefore,exposure to PS microbeads led to significantly size-dependent toxicity on brine shrimp.Especially,0.05-μm PS microbeads were more toxic,leading to severe oxidative stress and activation of the p53-Bax-Bcl2 pathway,ultimately resulting in cellular apoptosis and gut damage.These findings are important to understand the mechanism of MPs toxicity and its potential ecological risks to marine aquatic animals.展开更多
Regarding the rapid shrinkage of the Arctic cryosphere, sea ice plays a significant role in the temporal storage,transport, and release of microplastics(an emergent pollutant) among atmospheric, aquatic, and terrestri...Regarding the rapid shrinkage of the Arctic cryosphere, sea ice plays a significant role in the temporal storage,transport, and release of microplastics(an emergent pollutant) among atmospheric, aquatic, and terrestrial environments. However, there are sparse studies on microplastics in the landfast sea ice and lagoon lake ice in the Alaskan Arctic region. Therefore, this study investigated characteristics and potential sources of microplastics in the landfast sea ice and lagoon lake ice in the Alaskan Arctic(Point Barrow). The results found that the average abundance of microplastics in the landfast sea ice(220.6±140.1 items/L) was comparable to that in lagoon lake ice near Point Barrow(148.9±141.8 items/L). For different layers of sea ice cores, the maximum abundance of microplastics generally occurred in the bottom layer. The overall particle sizes for the detected microplastics revealed that the abundance of microplastics decreased with increasing size for both landfast sea ice and lagoon lake ice samples. Small-sized microplastics(≤50 μm) accounted for more than 80% of the detected microplastics,with the dominant shape being fragments. The predominant polymers in sea ice were polyamide(PA), polyethylene(PE), and polyethylene terephthalate(PET). Meanwhile, PE and rubber dominated the polymers detected in lagoon lake ice. These differences between microplastics in Arctic sea ice and lagoon lake ice further indicated the discrepancies in microplastic transport pathways and deposition. Microplastics in landfast sea ice were mainly affected by seawater transported from the Pacific Ocean into the Chukchi Sea. In contrast, microplastics in lagoon lake ice were mostly influenced by the seawater of the Beaufort Sea and local vehicle emissions(e.g., rubber). This study further highlighted that a large abundance of microplastics was widely distributed in the sea ice of the Alaska Arctic region and may pose potential risks to the local ecosystems.展开更多
文摘As a new type of pollutant,the harm caused by microplastics(MPs)to organisms has been the research focus.Recently,the proportion of MPs ingested through the digestive tract has gradually increased with the popularity of fast-food products,such as takeout.The damage to the digestive system has attracted increasing attention.We reviewed the literature regarding toxicity of MPs and observed that they have different effects on multiple organs of the digestive system.The mechanism may be related to the toxic effects of MPs themselves,interactions with various substances in the biological body,and participation in various signaling pathways to induce adverse reactions as a carrier of toxins to increase the time and amount of body absorption.Based on the toxicity mechanism of MPs,we propose specific suggestions to provide a theoretical reference for the government and relevant departments.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2021B1515020041)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42277403)+4 种基金the Projects of International Cooperation and Exchange of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC-UNEP)(No:32261143459)the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control(No.2023B1212060002)the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(No.2023B0303000024)the High-level University Special Fund(No.G03050K001)the Research Projects of the General Administration of Customs(No.2022HK060)for financial support.
文摘As the main component of electronic products,plastics contain complex and diverse metal additives.Recycling process is not conducive to stable existence of metal additives in electronic plastics.Once the e-waste plastics enter the environment,they will continue to release harmful metals into environment after aging,causing serious hazards.This study delved into the analysis and comparison of metal content of e-waste plastics,elucidating aging process and metal leaching behavior over a 112-day natural light exposure period.The findings underscored that metal content in recycled plastics surpassed that in their new counterparts.Specifically,Ti content in new plastics remained below 100 mg/kg,while recycled plastics exhibited Ti content surpassing 100 mg/kg threshold.Throughout prolonged natural light exposure,metals such as Zn,Ba and Sb demonstrated a heightened likelihood of release from electronic plastics in comparison to other metals.The aging process during light exposure led to fragmentation of electronic plastics,accompanied by a reduction in particle size.Notably,the particle size reduction was more pronounced in poly acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS)and recycled ABS,experiencing reductions of 40µm and 85µm,respectively.This phenomenon was attributed to the presence of polybutadiene structural units,which proved more susceptible to aging.Along with the breaking of plastics,the ABS plastics released metal species such as Pb,Cd,Ni,Al that had not been detected in other plastics solutions.The collective evidence from this study suggested that ABS and recycled ABS electronic plastics might pose a heightened potential environmental risk compared to other electronic plastics.
基金Supported by Zhaoqing University Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students (X202410580130).
文摘This paper summarizes the mechanisms and environmental effects of interactions between microplastics and surfactants: surfactants adsorb onto microplastics surfaces through hydrophobic interactions and electrostatic forces, changing their surface properties and transport behavior. In addition, microplastics act as carriers influencing surfactant distribution. Environmental factors (pH, ionic strength, etc. ) significantly regulate this process. Current research still has limitations in areas such as desorption kinetics and combined pollution effects, necessitating in-depth studies under environmentally relevant conditions to provide a basis for risk assessment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42077120)the Special Foundation for Taishan Scholar of Shandong Province(2023)the Project of Talent Introduction and Education Program of Youth Innovation Teams in Universities of Shandong Province(No.2021-05).
文摘Microplastics(MPs) are an emerging environmental pollutant and have penetrated the most remote and primitive areas. MPs degradation has received widespread attention. Manganese(Mn) is a highly reactive metal element in the environment, yet its contribution to MPs degradation remains unclear. Herein,we simulated the aging of polyethylene MPs with Mn(Ⅱ) under aqueous conditions at pH 5 and 8 for720 days. Mn greatly promoted the MPs degradation, and the average particle sizes of polyethylene MPs were reduced from 9.2 μm to 5.9 μm after aging at pH 5 under light irradiation for 720 days. Plenty of oxygen-containing groups were generated on the MPs surfaces, and the carbonyl index remarkably increased, reaching four times that of the control without adding Mn. Mechanistically, the adsorbed Mn(Ⅱ)on the MPs surfaces were primarily oxidized to high-valence Mn(Ⅲ/Ⅳ) profited from the photoproduced radicals, followed by the MPs oxidation via Mn(Ⅲ/Ⅳ), which were reduced to regenerate Mn(Ⅱ), initiating a new redox cycling. During the degradation, dissolved organic matter was continuously released, mainly including bisphenol A and phthalic acid esters. Mn acts as a catalyst to accelerate the MPs degradation by redox cycling. Our results provide a new insight into the mechanisms of abiotic degradation of MPs in aqueous environments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52100039)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.531118010896).
文摘Co-exposure of pharmaceuticals and microplastics(MPs)significantly exacerbates the aquatic environmental pollution issue.While MPs are identified as carriers of pollutants,research on the adsorption behaviors of biodegradable and conventional MPs to pharmaceuticals limited.The study investigated the adsorption behavior of conventional MPs(polystyrene and polyethylene terephthalate),biodegradable MPs polylactic acid(PLA)and polybutylene succinate(PBS)for sulfamethoxazole(SMX).Meanwhile,changes in physicalchemical properties,including morphology,crystallinity,hydrophobicity and structures of MPs after aging(e.g.,ultraviolet treatment)were investigated.Results exhibited that the oxygen-containing functional groups of MPs surface increased after ultraviolet treatment and enhanced the adsorption capacity for SMX,except for PLA.PLA exhibits the highest adsorption capacity,primarily due to its higher hydrophobicity and larger pore size.In contrast,PBS shows the lowest adsorption affinity for SMX because of its hydrophilicity and small pore size.The adsorption capacity of degradable MPs after aging is greater than that of non-degradable MPs.Electrostatic interaction and hydrophobic interaction are the main mechanisms of adsorption of virgin MPs,while hydrogen bond interaction and electrostatic interaction are the primary adsorption mechanisms for aged MPs.These results contribute to understanding the co-transport and migration of SMX and MPs in the environment,and furnish the necessary data for their ecological risk assessment.
文摘Against the backdrop of the global push for environmental protection and the reduction of plastic pollution,the research and development of alternatives to daily disposable plastic products such as straws have become a hot topic in the environmental protection field.Traditional plastic straws are difficult to degrade,imposing a severe burden on the environment.Meanwhile,existing alternatives like paper straws and PLA(polylactic acid)straws also have numerous drawbacks.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52070152).
文摘Microplastics(MPs),as a new category of environmental pollutant,have been the hotspot of eco-friendly issues nowadays.Studies based on the aging process,the migration pattern of MPs in runoff rainwater,and the use of bioretention cells to remove MPs from runoff rainwater are beginning to attract widespread attention.This review analyses the migration patterns of MPs in rainwater runoff through their sources,structure and characteristics.The mechanism of removing MPs from runoff stormwater,the purification efficiency of different fillers and their influencing factors,and the accumulation,fate,and aging of MPs in bioretention cells are described.Furthermore,the hazards of MP accumulation on the performance of bioretention cells are summarised.Future directions for removing MPs in bioretention cells are proposed:(1)research on MPs smaller than 100μm;(2)influence of MPs aging process on bioretention cells;(3)exploration of more effective fillers to enhance their removal efficiency;(4)research on synergistic removal mechanism of MPs and other pollution.
基金supported by the Natural Science Talent Funding of Guizhou University(202132,202318)the Innovative Talent Team Project of Seedling Breeding and plantation cultivation for Precious Tree Species in Guizhou(Qiankehe Platform Talents-CXTD[2023]006).
文摘As ubiquitous environmental contaminants,microplastics(MPs)have garnered global concern due to their persistence,bioaccumulation potential,and multifaceted threats to ecosystem health.These particles threaten terrestrial ecosystems via soil contamination;however,research on their phytotoxicity remains predominantly focused on herbaceous plants.The responses of woody plants to MPs and their interspecific differences are severely unexplored.Here,two important ecological and economical tree species in southern China,Pinus massoniana(P.massoniana)and Schima superba(S.superba),were selected to explore the ecotoxicity effects of polyethylene(PE)and polypropylene(PP)MPs(the two most abundant species in the soil)on seedling growth characteristics,specific leaf area(SLA)and biomass allocation at 0%,1%,5%and 10%concentration gradients in the 120-day potted experiment.The results showed that the inhibition effect of MPs was concentration and tree species-dependent.Seedling height,basal diameter,and total biomass of P.massoniana decreased significantly with increased concentration,while S.superba showed a non-significant growth effect at 1%concentration.The SLA was generally increased,revealing that plants enhanced their light capture ability through leaf morphological plasticity to compensate for the loss of carbon assimilation.There were interspecific differences in root investment strategies:the root-shoot ratio of P.massoniana was significantly reduced by 48.43%under 10%PP treatment.In comparison,the root-shoot ratio of S.superba was significantly reduced by maintaining a higher root-shoot ratio(65.26%higher than that of P.massoniana on average)and phased resource allocation(5%concentration biomass is higher than 10%)partially alleviated the toxic pressure.Collectively,our results indicate that the ecotoxicity of MPs was mainly driven by concentration and was not correlated with type(PE/PP),while the differences in tree species response were closely related to their resource allocation strategies and morphological plasticity.These findings imply that MPs contamination can differently impact the growth and development of dominant tree species,potentially altering the structure,diversity,and function of forest ecosystems.This study systematically revealed the growth response mechanism of native common tree species to MPs pollution and provided a theoretical basis for sustainable management of plantations and toxicological risk assessment of forest ecosystems.
基金supported by the Major Projects of Natural Science Research for University and Colleges in Jiangsu Province(No.21KJA240001)the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province(No.BE2018348)+2 种基金partially by the Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund(No.CX(22)3199)the Projects for the High-Quality Development of Fishery Industry of Yancheng City(No.YCSCYJ20210014)supported financially by the projects for‘Six Talents’of Jiangsu Province(No.NY115)。
文摘Microplastics(MPs)pollution has become a worldwide environmental problem.The study about the effects of microplastics on fish,especially on the fish immune system is limited.In the present study,the transcriptome of soiny mullet(Liza haematocheila)larvae at 7 d and 14 d post 0.5μm MPs exposure were analyzed by DNBSEQ platform.A total number of 96585 unigenes were obtained with average length of 1925 bp.Approximately 72.48%(70004),76.80%(74176),and 62.94%(60787)unigenes were matched with the annotated sequences for non-redundant(NR),NCBI nucleotide(NT)and Swissprot database,respectively.Compared with control group,1336 differently expressed genes(DEGs)were identified at 7 d post MPs exposure.As the MPs exposure time extended to 14 d,the number of DEGs in the MPs exposure group reached to 3561.Further,KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that several immune-related pathways,such as interleukin(IL)-17 signaling pathway,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)signaling pathway,were affected by MPs exposure.In addition,apoptosis signaling pathway was also enriched under MPs exposure.These results demonstrated that MPs can alter the expressions of immune-related genes,providing basis for understanding the immune toxicity of MPs on fish and other vertebrates.
基金supported by the National Youth Foundation of China(No.52000064)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U20A20323)+5 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2023JJ0013)the Special Funding for the Construction of Hunan’s Innovative Province(No.2021SK2040)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(No.2021RC3133)the National Youth Foundation of China(No.52300227)the HunanMunicipal Natural Science Foundation(No.2023JJ41048)the Changsha Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.kq2208423).
文摘Microplastics(MPs)are of particular concern due to their ubiquitous occurrence and propensity to interact and concentrate various waterborne contaminants from aqueous surroundings.Studies on the interaction and joint toxicity of MPs on engineered nanoparticles(ENPs)are exhaustive,but limited research on the effect of MPs on the properties of ENPs in multisolute systems.Here,the effect of MPs on adsorption ability of ENPs to antibiotics was investigated for the first time.The results demonstrated that MPs enhanced the adsorption affinity of ENPs to antibiotics and MPs before and after aging showed different effects on ENPs.Aged polyamide prevented aggregation of ZnONPs by introducing negative charges,whereas virgin polyamide affected ZnONPs with the help of electrostatic attraction.FT-IR and XPS analyses were used to probe the physicochemical interactions between ENPs and MPs.The results showed no chemical interaction and electrostatic interactionwas the dominant force between them.Furthermore,the adsorption rate of antibiotics positively correlated with pH and humic acid but exhibited a negative correlation with ionic strength.Our study highlights that ENPs are highly capable of accumulating and transporting antibiotics in the presence of MPs,which could result in a widespread distribution of antibiotics and an expansion of their environmental risks and toxic effects on biota.It also improves our understanding of the mutual interaction of various co-existing contaminants in aqueous environments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21906179 and 22074098)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2021ZYD0047)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘As emerging pollutants,microplastics have recently received considerable attention owing to detection in various organisms and environments.Mass production and widespread use of plastic products increase their potential risks to humans owing to their persistent,mobile,and toxic properties.Numerous methods have been used to identify and quantify the various forms of microplastics,however,unified standards do not exist.In this review,we systematically summarize the sources,migration,transformation,and analytical methods for microplastics in diverse ecosystems,particularly the most recent sampling and identification techniques.Additionally,the environmental effects and health hazards of microplastics on aquatic and terrestrial systems,as well as human beings are discussed.We also present management strategies for reducing microplastics in a broader social and policy context.This review aims to provide an overview of the migration,transformation,sampling,analysis,and environmental effects of microplastics,which addresses knowledge gaps in microplastic pollution and provides proposals for key research gaps.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.42075107)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.2022YJSDC05)+1 种基金the China Scholarship Council (No.202206430058)the Yueqi Scholar Fund of China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing).
文摘Airborne microplastics(MPs)are important pollutants that have been present in the environment for many years and are characterized by their universality,persistence,and potential toxicity.This study investigated the effects of terrestrial and marine transport of MPs in the atmosphere of a coastal city and compared the difference between daytime and nighttime.Laser direct infrared imaging(LDIR)and polarized light microscopy were used to characterize the physical and chemical properties of MPs,including number concentration,chemical types,shape,and size.Backward trajectories were used to distinguish the air masses from marine and terrestrial transport.Twenty chemical types were detected by LDIR,with rubber(16.7%)and phenol-formaldehyde resin(PFR;14.8%)being major components.Three main morphological types of MPs were identified,and fragments(78.1%)are the dominant type.MPs in the atmosphere were concentrated in the small particle size segment(20-50μm).The concentration of MPs in the air mass from marine transport was 14.7 items/m^(3)-lower than that from terrestrial transport(32.0 items/m^(3)).The number concentration of airborne MPs was negatively correlated with relative humidity.MPs from terrestrial transport were mainly rubber(20.2%),while those from marine transport were mainly PFR(18%).MPs in the marine transport air mass were more aged and had a lower number concentration than those in the terrestrial transport air mass.The number concentration of airborne MPs is higher during the day than at night.These findings could contribute to the development of targeted control measures and methods to reduce MP pollution.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52293444 and 22076209)the Key R&D Project of Ningxia(No.2021BEG02006).
文摘Microplastics(MPs)are ubiquitous in the environment,continuously undergo aging processes and release toxic chemical substances.Understanding the environmental behaviors of MPs is critical to accurately evaluate their long-term ecological risk.Generalized twodimensional correlation spectroscopy(2D-COS)is a powerful tool for MPs studies,which can dig more comprehensive information hiding in the conventional one-dimensional spectra,such as infrared(IR)and Raman spectra.The recent applications of 2D-COS in analyzing the behaviors and fates of MPs in the environment,including their aging processes,and interactions with natural organicmatter(NOM)or other chemical substances,were summarized systematically.The main requirements and limitations of current approaches for exploring these processes are discussed,and the corresponding strategies to address these limitations and drawbacks are proposed as well.Finally,new trends of 2D-COS are prospected for analyzing the properties and behaviors of MPs in both natural and artificial environmental processes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52200187)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.JCYJ20220530160411025)+2 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2024A1515030273)the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hunan(No.2023JJ10012)the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hunan(No.2023JJ10012).
文摘P-arsanilic acid(AA)has received widespread attention because of its conversion to more toxic inorganic arsenic compounds(arsenate and arsenite)in the natural ecosystems.Its removal process and mechanisms with co-existence of microplastics remain unkown.In this study,biochar loaded with nano zero-valent iron(nZVI)particles(ISBC)was prepared by using iron scrap obtained from a steel works and wood chips collected from a wood processing plant.The advanced oxidation system of sodium persulfate(PDS)activated by ISBC was applied for AA degradation and inorganic arsenic control in aqueous media.More than 99%of the AA was completely degraded by the ISBC/PDS system,and the As(III)on AA was almost completely oxidized to As(V)and finally removed by ISBC.HCO_(3)−inhibited the removal of AA by the ISBC/PDS system,while Cl^(−)had a dual effect that showing inhibition at low concentrations yet promotion at high concentrations.The effect of microplastics on the degradation of AA by the ISBC/PDS system was further investigated due to the potential for combined microplastic and organic arsenic contamination in rural/remote areas.Microplastics were found to have little effect on AA degradation in the ISBC/PDS system,while affect the transport of inorganic arsenic generated from AA degradation.Overall,this study provides new insights and methods for efficient removal of p-arsanilic acid from water with coexisting microplastics.
基金Supported by the Marine Economic Development Project(No.GDNRC[2022]36)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFD0900206)the Tianjin Science and Technology Program Project(No.21YDTPJC00340)。
文摘Marine pollution poses a critical threat to biodiversity.The synergistic effects of microplastics,specifically high-density polyethylene(HDPE),combined with benzo[a]pyrene(B[a]P)and heavy metals,on the physiology and feeding behavior of the seahorse,Hippocampus erectus were studied.The growth parameters,pollutant bioaccumulation,enzymatic response,and feeding dynamics were extensively analyzed.Seahorses exposed to microplastics-borne B[a]P and heavy metals exhibited notable reductions in body length and weight,as well as in survival rates,indicating severe stress from these contaminants.The accumulation of pollutant particularly B[a]P in seahorse exceeded China’s national regulatory limit of 5μg/kg,and the B[a]P accumulation in seahorses was obviously aided by HDPE microplastics,posing a risk to marine organisms and human health via the food chain.The adaptive response of the seahorses was evident shown in the elevation of antioxidant enzyme activities,which is a biological mechanism to mitigate oxidative stress induced by the pollutants.However,this physiological adaptation comes at a cost,as evidenced by marked changes in the feeding behavior.Results show that the efficiency and frequency of feeding were greatly reduced,indicating a heavy impact on the ecological role and survival of this marine creature in polluted habitats.This research offers a crucial perspective on the compound threats of microplastics and associated pollutants in marine ecosystems.It highlights the urgent need develop comprehensive strategies to address these environmental issues.The findings are an important contribution to ecotoxicology,providing a deeper understanding of how microplastics act as vectors for other contaminants and their profound effects on marine life,especially species like seahorses.This study calls for action to strengthen environmental policies and practices aimed at mitigating the impact of marine pollution.
基金Supported by the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory、Zhanjiang(No.ZJW-2019-08)APN、CRRP2019-09MYOnodera、Shinichi Onodera、and the SCS Scholar Grant(No.002029002008/2019)。
文摘Plastic pollution and microplastics in sediments are a growing concern for marine ecosystems worldwide.We examined the vertical distribution and properties of microplastics in beach sediments of Xuwen Coral Reef National Nature Reserve,in Leizhou Peninsula,Zhanjiang,China.Sediment samples were taken in seven locations at 5-cm intervals from the surface to a depth of 30 cm.The vertical distribution of microplastic particles ranged from 0 to 1340 particles per kg on average of 119.05particles per kg.The most prevalent material was fibers(76%),followed by film(12%),fragments(11.2%),and foam(0.8%).The microplastics in size of 1-2 mm constituted the largest percentage(40%)of the total,followed by those in size of<1 mm(26.4%),2-3 mm(21.2%),3-4 mm(9.6%),and 4-5 mm(2.81%).Site S1 observed maximum sizes between 1 and 2 mm,S2 reported higher availability of microplastics with sizes ranging from 0.3 to 1 mm.Six different types of polymers were identified in the investigation,and mostly were polyethylene(PE)and polypropylene(PP).In general,the observation of microplastics in deeper sediments indicates that they have the ability to last for prolonged periods in the marine environment,which may present long-term hazards to benthic creatures.In conclusion,the discovery of microplastics in deep layers of coastal sediments highlights the necessity of minimizing plastic waste and enhancing management strategies to safeguard marine environments.
基金the Laoshan Laboratory(No.LSKJ202203901)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(No.ZR2021MD079)+1 种基金the APEC Cooperation Fund(No.WJ1323001)the Asian Cooperation Fund(Nos.WJ1223001,WJ0923015)。
文摘To explore the relationship of microplastic pollution in different media in marine environment,microplastics in the surface seawater and sediments of Laizhou Bay,Bohai Sea,North China,were studied.Seawater samples were collected using a pre-concentrator equipped with a 20-μm mesh size sieve,and sediment samples were collected by a box sampler.The shape,color,size,and type of microplastics were obtained by a stereomicroscope and a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(ATR-μ-FT-IR).Results show that the abundance of microplastics in the surface seawater of Laizhou Bay was 858.3±573.2 items/m~3,and that of microplastics in sediments was 151.0±77.4 items/kg dry weight(d.w.)The microplastics in seawater and sediments were mainly fibrous.Meanwhile,the microplastics in seawater were mainly transparent,and those in sediments were transparent and blue.The highest proportion of microplastics in seawater was rayon(77.48%),followed by polyethylene terephthalate(PET,13.17%).The highest proportion of microplastics in sediments was rayon(73.66%),followed by PET(8.90%).The size of microplastics in 1000-2000μm accounted for the largest proportion of 28.54%in seawater,while that in 500-1000μm took 27.93%in sediment.Microplastics in seawater and sediment showed medium-level pollution.In seawater,microplastic abundance was higher in offshore and nearshore areas of Weifang.In sediment,microplastic abundance was higher in offshore and nearshore areas of Dongying.The results of the principal component analysis(PCA)indicated that microplastics in sediment exhibited greater stability compared to those in seawater.The microplastics in seawater and sediment show a positive correlation in terms of shape and plastic type,while exhibiting a negative correlation in terms of color.Overall,microplastics in sediments were smaller in size,and those in seawater and sediments had consistent size distribution characteristics in space.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U20A20103)the Scientific Research Fund of the Fourth Institute of Oceanography+1 种基金Guangxi Funding Project(No.304024XM20N0006)the Guangxi Talent Science and Technology Project(No.2019AC17008)。
文摘In this study,the occurrence,sources,and ecological risk of microplastics(>60μm)in the surface and bottom seawater were investigated in the Beibu Gulf,the northern South China Sea.The average abundance of microplastics in surface and bottom waters was 1.35±0.93 and 0.79±0.50 items/m~3,respectively.Microplastics in both surface and bottom waters were predominantly in the form of fragments,and mostly in green.The composition of microplastics in surface water was primarily poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMA),whereas in bottom water,polyethylene(PE)dominated.Positive matrix factorization(PMF)modeling revealed that the primary sources of microplastics were pipeline abrasion,fishing activities,plastic waste,landfill disposal,transportation,aquaculture,and construction activities.The pollution load index(PLI)indicated that the overall risk of microplastic pollution in the Beibu Gulf was low.Conversely,the polymer hazard index(PHI)for microplastics was relatively high.These data underscore the importance of timely and effective reduction of human-intensive activities contributing to microplastic pollution and provide valuable information for further research in microplastic ecotoxicology and biogeochemistry.
基金Supported by the Program of Sustainable Development and Protection of Artemia Resources in Yuncheng Salt Lake of China(No.YHYJ-2023005)。
文摘Microplastics(MPs)are one of the most concerning pollutants that affects the health and growth of aquatic organisms.We characterized the MPs dispersion in the milli-Q water and seawater,and evaluated the effects of MPs on the gut epithelial cells of brine shrimp using three sizes of polystyrene(PS)microbeads(0.05,0.5,and 5μm,respectively).Results show that microbeads evenly dispersed in milli-Q water,but exhibited aggregation tendency in seawater associating with the particle size.Apart from a reduced survival rate,we observed the structure changes in the gut epithelium that the smaller size of PS microbeads resulted in an increased reactive oxygen species(ROS)and higher apoptosis-related genes expression.Moreover,exposure to all size of PS microbeads led to increased green fluorescence of J-monomer,indicating the declined mitochondrial membrane potential.Therefore,exposure to PS microbeads led to significantly size-dependent toxicity on brine shrimp.Especially,0.05-μm PS microbeads were more toxic,leading to severe oxidative stress and activation of the p53-Bax-Bcl2 pathway,ultimately resulting in cellular apoptosis and gut damage.These findings are important to understand the mechanism of MPs toxicity and its potential ecological risks to marine aquatic animals.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0608503)the Science and Technology Program of Gansu Province(23ZDFA017).
文摘Regarding the rapid shrinkage of the Arctic cryosphere, sea ice plays a significant role in the temporal storage,transport, and release of microplastics(an emergent pollutant) among atmospheric, aquatic, and terrestrial environments. However, there are sparse studies on microplastics in the landfast sea ice and lagoon lake ice in the Alaskan Arctic region. Therefore, this study investigated characteristics and potential sources of microplastics in the landfast sea ice and lagoon lake ice in the Alaskan Arctic(Point Barrow). The results found that the average abundance of microplastics in the landfast sea ice(220.6±140.1 items/L) was comparable to that in lagoon lake ice near Point Barrow(148.9±141.8 items/L). For different layers of sea ice cores, the maximum abundance of microplastics generally occurred in the bottom layer. The overall particle sizes for the detected microplastics revealed that the abundance of microplastics decreased with increasing size for both landfast sea ice and lagoon lake ice samples. Small-sized microplastics(≤50 μm) accounted for more than 80% of the detected microplastics,with the dominant shape being fragments. The predominant polymers in sea ice were polyamide(PA), polyethylene(PE), and polyethylene terephthalate(PET). Meanwhile, PE and rubber dominated the polymers detected in lagoon lake ice. These differences between microplastics in Arctic sea ice and lagoon lake ice further indicated the discrepancies in microplastic transport pathways and deposition. Microplastics in landfast sea ice were mainly affected by seawater transported from the Pacific Ocean into the Chukchi Sea. In contrast, microplastics in lagoon lake ice were mostly influenced by the seawater of the Beaufort Sea and local vehicle emissions(e.g., rubber). This study further highlighted that a large abundance of microplastics was widely distributed in the sea ice of the Alaska Arctic region and may pose potential risks to the local ecosystems.
