BACKGROUND Micronodular thymic tumors with lymphoid stroma include micronodular thymoma with lymphoid stroma(MNT)and micronodular thymic carcinoma with lymphoid hyperplasia(MNC),whose micromorphological features are l...BACKGROUND Micronodular thymic tumors with lymphoid stroma include micronodular thymoma with lymphoid stroma(MNT)and micronodular thymic carcinoma with lymphoid hyperplasia(MNC),whose micromorphological features are lymphoid stromal hyperplasia and nodular arrangement of tumor epithelial cells.This type of tumor is rare;therefore,the corresponding clinical guidelines,histopathological diagnostic criteria,prognostic factors,and therapeutic regimens have not been established.CASE SUMMARY This study covers a novel presentation of MNC in a patient and summarizes the clinicopathological characteristics of this type of tumor by using pooled-analysis methods.Morphologically,this tumor type is a series of benign to malignant pedigrees.We establish the following criteria for the classification of micronodular thymic tumors with lymphoid stroma:(1)Tumor cells with moderate-to-severe dysplasia;(2)Tumor cell mitotic figures>2/10 high-power fields;(3)Appearance of neoplastic necrosis;(4)No terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-positive immature T lymphocytes within the tumor;(5)Tumor cells with a Ki-67 index≥10%;and(6)Tumor cells express CD5.Cases that fall into the borders of two categories in terms of morphology are attributed to atypical MNT.It is proposed that the diagnosis of MNT should be established on the diagnostic criteria mentioned above.CONCLUSION Our diagnostic algorithm can effectively distinguish malignant tumors from benign tumors and provides a potent basis for predicting a prognosis,which offers a practical reference for oncologists and pathologists.展开更多
BACKGROUND Adrenal incidentaloma(AI)has been frequently encountered in the clinical setting.It has been shown that primary aldosteronism(PA)or subclinical Cushing’s syndrome(SCS)are the representative causative disea...BACKGROUND Adrenal incidentaloma(AI)has been frequently encountered in the clinical setting.It has been shown that primary aldosteronism(PA)or subclinical Cushing’s syndrome(SCS)are the representative causative diseases of AI.However,the coexistence of PA and SCS has been reportedly observed.Recently,we encountered a case of AI,in which PA and SCS coexisted,confirmed by histopathological examinations after a laparoscopic adrenalectomy.We believe that there were some clinical implications in the diagnosis of the present case.CASE SUMMARY A 58-year-old man presented with lower right abdominal pain with a blood pressure of 170/100 mmHg.A subsequent computed tomography scan revealed right ureterolithiasis,which was the cause of right abdominal pain,and right AI measuring 22 mm×25 mm.After the disappearance of right abdominal pain,subsequent endocrinological examinations were performed.Aldosterone-related evaluations,including adrenal venous sampling,revealed the presence of bilateral PA.In addition,several cortisol-related evaluations showed the presence of SCS on the right adrenal adenoma.A laparoscopic right adrenalectomy was then performed.The histopathological examination of the resected right adrenal revealed the presence of a cortisol-producing adenoma,while CYP11B2 immunoreactivity was absent in this adenoma.However,in the adjacent nonneoplastic adrenal,multiple CYP11B2-positive adrenocortical micronodules were detected,showing the presence of aldosterone-producing adrenocortical micronodules.CONCLUSION Careful clinical and pathological examination should be performed when a patient harboring AI presents with concomitant SCS and PA.展开更多
目的:探讨伴有淋巴间质的微结节型胸腺瘤(micronodular thymoma with lymphoid stroma,MNT)患者的临床、病理特点。方法:对2020年1月至2023年7月在上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院胸外科手术切除,并经病理确诊的连续的5例MNT患者的临床...目的:探讨伴有淋巴间质的微结节型胸腺瘤(micronodular thymoma with lymphoid stroma,MNT)患者的临床、病理特点。方法:对2020年1月至2023年7月在上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院胸外科手术切除,并经病理确诊的连续的5例MNT患者的临床症状、病理特征、免疫表型、临床治疗及预后进行回顾性分析,并复习相关文献。结果:5例MNT患者中男性3例,女性2例,年龄为55~68岁。4例位于前纵隔,1例位于上纵隔,为胸部CT偶然发现。肿瘤直径1.3~4.5 cm,3例包膜完整,边界清楚,切面呈实性,灰白色,质地细腻;2例呈囊实性,2例包膜侵犯。显微镜下均有MNT独特的组织学表现:肿瘤主要由上皮性结节及淋巴细胞组成;上皮细胞呈短梭形或卵圆形,异型性小,核仁不清楚,核分裂象罕见,无坏死;上皮性结节之间被淋巴细胞间隔,可见淋巴滤泡形成。免疫组化检测显示,5例肿瘤细胞全都表达AE1/AE3、CK19、P63、Bcl-2;1例囊性区囊壁腔缘衬覆细胞表达EMA,不表达P63、Bcl-2;5例淋巴细胞表达CD20、CD3、CD5、TdT(少量+),滤泡生发中心表达CD10,结节内朗格汉斯细胞表达Langerin、S100、CD1α。5例患者中3例行EBER原位杂交检测,结果显示,上皮细胞及淋巴细胞均阴性。5例患者手术切除肿瘤后,随访7~39个月,均未见肿瘤复发。复习2019年至2023年间Pubmed、Medline、中国知网、万方数据库新报道的以及文献中总结的既往1999年至2018年间的MNT病例,共206例MNT患者,中老年人(>45岁)195例,青年人(18~45岁)9例,儿童(<18岁)2例,发病部位以纵隔为主,也可见于颈部,发病人群无性别差异,多为体检时发现,切面以囊性稍多见,术后仅1例复发。结论:MNT罕见,好发于中老年人纵隔,手术切除后预后良好。MNT病理特征为上皮性结节散在分布于丰富的淋巴间质中,可见淋巴滤泡形成,结节内散在朗格汉斯细胞,可伴囊性变,结合发生部位、组织病理学特点及免疫组化标志物可以确诊,但仍需与其他病变鉴别。展开更多
目的探讨伴淋巴样间质的微结节型胸腺瘤(micronodular thymoma with lymphoid stroma,MNT)的临床病理学特征及鉴别诊断。方法结合文献对2例MNT的临床资料、病理学特征、免疫表型及治疗预后进行分析。结果患者男女各1例,年龄分别为56岁...目的探讨伴淋巴样间质的微结节型胸腺瘤(micronodular thymoma with lymphoid stroma,MNT)的临床病理学特征及鉴别诊断。方法结合文献对2例MNT的临床资料、病理学特征、免疫表型及治疗预后进行分析。结果患者男女各1例,年龄分别为56岁和62岁。临床上均为体检发现,无明显症状,无重症肌无力或自身免疫疾病等,影像学和大体检查均提示为前纵膈囊实性占位。镜检:实性区域表现为大量的短梭形或卵圆形上皮细胞呈小结节状分布,上皮细胞无明显异型,无明显核分裂象。其中1例结节中可见成簇的腺样结构。间质为丰富的淋巴细胞,并可见伴有生发中心的淋巴滤泡形成。免疫表型:结节内肿瘤细胞CKpan、CK19、p63、CK5/6均阳性,EMA阴性,上皮细胞巢内可见个别CD3阳性的T淋巴细胞浸润。而囊壁上皮细胞和腺样结构上皮细胞表达相反,EMA阳性,p63、CK5/6阴性。淋巴间质内,淋巴滤泡主要为CD20阳性的B细胞,CD3和CD5阳性的T细胞分布在滤泡间区,非生发中心区域尤其是套区BCL-2阳性。网状纤维染色显示网状纤维包绕多个肿瘤细胞组成的上皮巢团,而非单个上皮细胞。结论 MNT是一种非常罕见的肿瘤,肿瘤细胞p63和CK5/6弥漫阳性对其鉴别诊断有一定价值,作者推测MNT来源于胸腺髓质。展开更多
目的:探讨微结节性胸腺瘤伴淋巴样间质(micronodular thymoma with lymphoid stroma,MNT)的临床病理特征。方法:通过组织学和免疫组织化学方法观察3例MNT,研究其临床病理特征,并复习文献。结果:肿瘤有纤维性假包膜,肿块内见多发性散在...目的:探讨微结节性胸腺瘤伴淋巴样间质(micronodular thymoma with lymphoid stroma,MNT)的临床病理特征。方法:通过组织学和免疫组织化学方法观察3例MNT,研究其临床病理特征,并复习文献。结果:肿瘤有纤维性假包膜,肿块内见多发性散在或局部融合的上皮性结节,由丰富淋巴细胞间质分隔,其中可见淋巴滤泡形成。上皮性结节由温和的细长形或卵圆形细胞组成,核仁不明显,结节内淋巴细胞稀少。免疫组织化学:上皮性结节内上皮细胞CKpan,CK5/6,CK19,CK8/18均阳性,Ki67约2%阳性,CD20,EMA阴性;间隔内淋巴细胞CD20,CD3,CD5,CD99,TdT均灶区阳性,p53,CD1α均散在阳性;淋巴细胞背景内CK5/6,C8/18,EMA均阴性。结论:MNT是一种罕见的胸腺肿瘤,目前WHO归于交界性,有特殊的发病部位和形态学表现,组织学及免疫组织化学有助于该肿瘤的诊断和鉴别诊断。展开更多
2例伴有淋巴样间质的微结节型胸腺瘤(micronodular thymoma with lymphoid stroma,MNT)发病年龄52,63岁,均为女性,分别为纵隔囊实性肿物和胸骨上窝实性肿物,无重症肌无力及自身免疫疾病等。瘤组织以丰富淋巴细胞间质分隔的散在上皮性结...2例伴有淋巴样间质的微结节型胸腺瘤(micronodular thymoma with lymphoid stroma,MNT)发病年龄52,63岁,均为女性,分别为纵隔囊实性肿物和胸骨上窝实性肿物,无重症肌无力及自身免疫疾病等。瘤组织以丰富淋巴细胞间质分隔的散在上皮性结节为特征,上皮性结节的细胞呈梭形或卵圆形,形态温和,未见病理性核分裂及坏死,淋巴细胞间质可见具生发中心的滤泡。免疫组织化学上皮细胞CK,CK5/6,p63(+),CD99散在(+),EMA囊性变区域(+),CD117(-);淋巴细胞间质包含B和T细胞,以CD20(+)的B细胞为主,成熟T细胞CD3,CD5(+),而Td T,CD1α,CD99阳性的未成熟T细胞分布在上皮结节周围,少数散在分布在上皮结节内。MNT非常罕见,具有恶性潜能,恶性MNT具有低度恶性生物学行为,极少数病例可出现死亡,其上皮细胞成分和淋巴细胞间质都有恶变的可能。恶性的MNT很可能是一个连续有移行的过程。MNT的治疗中,完整切除肿物并保证肿物切缘未受肿瘤累及是至关重要的。展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Micronodular thymic tumors with lymphoid stroma include micronodular thymoma with lymphoid stroma(MNT)and micronodular thymic carcinoma with lymphoid hyperplasia(MNC),whose micromorphological features are lymphoid stromal hyperplasia and nodular arrangement of tumor epithelial cells.This type of tumor is rare;therefore,the corresponding clinical guidelines,histopathological diagnostic criteria,prognostic factors,and therapeutic regimens have not been established.CASE SUMMARY This study covers a novel presentation of MNC in a patient and summarizes the clinicopathological characteristics of this type of tumor by using pooled-analysis methods.Morphologically,this tumor type is a series of benign to malignant pedigrees.We establish the following criteria for the classification of micronodular thymic tumors with lymphoid stroma:(1)Tumor cells with moderate-to-severe dysplasia;(2)Tumor cell mitotic figures>2/10 high-power fields;(3)Appearance of neoplastic necrosis;(4)No terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-positive immature T lymphocytes within the tumor;(5)Tumor cells with a Ki-67 index≥10%;and(6)Tumor cells express CD5.Cases that fall into the borders of two categories in terms of morphology are attributed to atypical MNT.It is proposed that the diagnosis of MNT should be established on the diagnostic criteria mentioned above.CONCLUSION Our diagnostic algorithm can effectively distinguish malignant tumors from benign tumors and provides a potent basis for predicting a prognosis,which offers a practical reference for oncologists and pathologists.
文摘BACKGROUND Adrenal incidentaloma(AI)has been frequently encountered in the clinical setting.It has been shown that primary aldosteronism(PA)or subclinical Cushing’s syndrome(SCS)are the representative causative diseases of AI.However,the coexistence of PA and SCS has been reportedly observed.Recently,we encountered a case of AI,in which PA and SCS coexisted,confirmed by histopathological examinations after a laparoscopic adrenalectomy.We believe that there were some clinical implications in the diagnosis of the present case.CASE SUMMARY A 58-year-old man presented with lower right abdominal pain with a blood pressure of 170/100 mmHg.A subsequent computed tomography scan revealed right ureterolithiasis,which was the cause of right abdominal pain,and right AI measuring 22 mm×25 mm.After the disappearance of right abdominal pain,subsequent endocrinological examinations were performed.Aldosterone-related evaluations,including adrenal venous sampling,revealed the presence of bilateral PA.In addition,several cortisol-related evaluations showed the presence of SCS on the right adrenal adenoma.A laparoscopic right adrenalectomy was then performed.The histopathological examination of the resected right adrenal revealed the presence of a cortisol-producing adenoma,while CYP11B2 immunoreactivity was absent in this adenoma.However,in the adjacent nonneoplastic adrenal,multiple CYP11B2-positive adrenocortical micronodules were detected,showing the presence of aldosterone-producing adrenocortical micronodules.CONCLUSION Careful clinical and pathological examination should be performed when a patient harboring AI presents with concomitant SCS and PA.
文摘目的:探讨微结节性胸腺瘤伴淋巴样间质(micronodular thymoma with lymphoid stroma,MNT)的临床病理特征。方法:通过组织学和免疫组织化学方法观察3例MNT,研究其临床病理特征,并复习文献。结果:肿瘤有纤维性假包膜,肿块内见多发性散在或局部融合的上皮性结节,由丰富淋巴细胞间质分隔,其中可见淋巴滤泡形成。上皮性结节由温和的细长形或卵圆形细胞组成,核仁不明显,结节内淋巴细胞稀少。免疫组织化学:上皮性结节内上皮细胞CKpan,CK5/6,CK19,CK8/18均阳性,Ki67约2%阳性,CD20,EMA阴性;间隔内淋巴细胞CD20,CD3,CD5,CD99,TdT均灶区阳性,p53,CD1α均散在阳性;淋巴细胞背景内CK5/6,C8/18,EMA均阴性。结论:MNT是一种罕见的胸腺肿瘤,目前WHO归于交界性,有特殊的发病部位和形态学表现,组织学及免疫组织化学有助于该肿瘤的诊断和鉴别诊断。
