Selenium(Se)is a nutrient that is considered beneficial for plants,because its improvement in growth,yield and quality helps plants to mitigate stress.The objective of this research was to evaluate the application of ...Selenium(Se)is a nutrient that is considered beneficial for plants,because its improvement in growth,yield and quality helps plants to mitigate stress.The objective of this research was to evaluate the application of sodium selenite(Na2SeO3),nanoparticles(SeNPs)and microparticles(SeMPs)of Se in cucumber seedlings,via two experiments:one with seed priming and the other with foliar application of Sematerials.The doses used were:0,0.1,0.5,1.0,1.5 and 3.0 mg⋅L^(−1),for each form of Se and for each form of application.Treatment 0 consisted of the application of distilled water,which was used as a control.The results indicated that the SeMPs treatment at 3.0 mg⋅L^(−1)for seed priming had the greatest effect on stem diameter and leaf area.Foliar application of SeMPs at 1.5 mg⋅L^(−1)was the most effective at increasing the leaf area.In terms of fresh and dry biomass(aerial,root and total)for seed priming,all the treatments were superior to the control,and SeMPs at 1.5 and 3.0 mg⋅L^(−1)caused the greatest effects.With foliar application,fresh root biomass improved to a greater extent with the SeMPs treatment at 3.0 mg⋅L^(−1),and dry biomass(aerial,root and total)increased with the SeMPs at 1.0 and 3.0 mg⋅L^(−1).With respect to the photosynthetic pigments,proteins,phenols and minerals,the Se treatments,both for seed priming and foliar application,caused increases and decreases;however,reduced glutathione(GSH)increased with treatments in both forms of application.The Se concentration in the seedlings increased as the dose of Se material increased,and greater accumulation was achieved with foliar application of SeNPs and SeMPs.The results indicate that the use of Se materials is recommended,mainly the use of SeMPs,which improved the variables studied.This opens new opportunities for further studies with SeMPs,as little information is available on their application in agricultural crops.展开更多
Living microtissues are used in a multitude of applications as they more closely resemble native tissue physiology,as compared to 2D cultures.Microtissues are typically composed of a combination of cells and materials...Living microtissues are used in a multitude of applications as they more closely resemble native tissue physiology,as compared to 2D cultures.Microtissues are typically composed of a combination of cells and materials in varying combinations,which are dictated by the applications’design requirements.Their applications range wide,from fundamental biological research such as differentiation studies to industrial applications such as cruelty-free meat production.However,their translation to industrial and clinical settings has been hindered due to the lack of scalability of microtissue production techniques.Continuous microfluidic processes provide an opportunity to overcome this limitation as they offer higher throughput production rates as compared to traditional batch techniques,while maintaining reproducible control over microtissue composition and size.In this review,we provide a comprehensive overview of the current approaches to engineer microtissues with a focus on the advantages of,and need for,the use of continuous processes to produce microtissues in large quantities.Finally,an outlook is provided that outlines the required developments to enable large-scale microtissue fabrication using continuous processes.展开更多
文摘Selenium(Se)is a nutrient that is considered beneficial for plants,because its improvement in growth,yield and quality helps plants to mitigate stress.The objective of this research was to evaluate the application of sodium selenite(Na2SeO3),nanoparticles(SeNPs)and microparticles(SeMPs)of Se in cucumber seedlings,via two experiments:one with seed priming and the other with foliar application of Sematerials.The doses used were:0,0.1,0.5,1.0,1.5 and 3.0 mg⋅L^(−1),for each form of Se and for each form of application.Treatment 0 consisted of the application of distilled water,which was used as a control.The results indicated that the SeMPs treatment at 3.0 mg⋅L^(−1)for seed priming had the greatest effect on stem diameter and leaf area.Foliar application of SeMPs at 1.5 mg⋅L^(−1)was the most effective at increasing the leaf area.In terms of fresh and dry biomass(aerial,root and total)for seed priming,all the treatments were superior to the control,and SeMPs at 1.5 and 3.0 mg⋅L^(−1)caused the greatest effects.With foliar application,fresh root biomass improved to a greater extent with the SeMPs treatment at 3.0 mg⋅L^(−1),and dry biomass(aerial,root and total)increased with the SeMPs at 1.0 and 3.0 mg⋅L^(−1).With respect to the photosynthetic pigments,proteins,phenols and minerals,the Se treatments,both for seed priming and foliar application,caused increases and decreases;however,reduced glutathione(GSH)increased with treatments in both forms of application.The Se concentration in the seedlings increased as the dose of Se material increased,and greater accumulation was achieved with foliar application of SeNPs and SeMPs.The results indicate that the use of Se materials is recommended,mainly the use of SeMPs,which improved the variables studied.This opens new opportunities for further studies with SeMPs,as little information is available on their application in agricultural crops.
基金financial support from Dutch Research Council(Vidi,17522)European Research Council(Starting Grant,759425),European Fund for Regional Development(EFRO-00963)Dutch Arthritis Foundation(17-1-405).
文摘Living microtissues are used in a multitude of applications as they more closely resemble native tissue physiology,as compared to 2D cultures.Microtissues are typically composed of a combination of cells and materials in varying combinations,which are dictated by the applications’design requirements.Their applications range wide,from fundamental biological research such as differentiation studies to industrial applications such as cruelty-free meat production.However,their translation to industrial and clinical settings has been hindered due to the lack of scalability of microtissue production techniques.Continuous microfluidic processes provide an opportunity to overcome this limitation as they offer higher throughput production rates as compared to traditional batch techniques,while maintaining reproducible control over microtissue composition and size.In this review,we provide a comprehensive overview of the current approaches to engineer microtissues with a focus on the advantages of,and need for,the use of continuous processes to produce microtissues in large quantities.Finally,an outlook is provided that outlines the required developments to enable large-scale microtissue fabrication using continuous processes.
