Development of on-chip coherent light sources with desired single-mode operation and straightforward spectral tunability has attracted intense interest due to ever-increasing demand for photonic devices and optoelectr...Development of on-chip coherent light sources with desired single-mode operation and straightforward spectral tunability has attracted intense interest due to ever-increasing demand for photonic devices and optoelectronic integration,but still faces serious challenges.Herein,we propose a facile method to synthesize cesium lead halide(CsPbX3)microstructures with well-defined morphologies,sizes,and constituent element gradient.The scheme is conducted using a chemical vapor deposition(CVD),which is subsequently associated with annealing-assisted solid-solid anion exchange.For the plate-shaped structures,the controllability on the cross-sectional dimension enables to precisely modulate the lasing modes,thus achieving single-mode operation;while tuning the stoichiometric of the halogen anion components in the plate-shaped CsPbI_(x)Br_(3−x) alloy samples,the lasing wavelengths are straightforwardly varied to span the entire visible spectrum.By comparison,the experimental scheme on synthesizing alloyed CsPbI_(x)Br_(3−x) perovskites is conducted using an in-situ approach,thereby achieving precise modulation of bandgap-controlled microlasers by controlling the reaction time.Such laser properties like controllable microcavity modes and broad stoichiometry-dependent tunability of light-emitting/lasing colors,associated with the facile synthesizing method of monocrystalline CsPbI_(x)Br_(3−x) structures,make lead halide perovskites ideal materials for the development of wavelength-controlled microlasers toward practical photonic integration.展开更多
On-chip microlasers and waveguide amplifiers offer promising applications in optical communication,sensing,and photonic computing,presenting efficient,compact,and scalable light source solutions for integrated photoni...On-chip microlasers and waveguide amplifiers offer promising applications in optical communication,sensing,and photonic computing,presenting efficient,compact,and scalable light source solutions for integrated photonics systems.We demonstrated a low-threshold on-chip microdisk resonator laser and a high-gain optical waveguide amplifier on thin-film erbium-doped tantalum pentoxide(Er:Ta_(2)O_(5)).The fabricated Er:Ta_(2)O_(5) microdisk microlaser achieved a low threshold of 225μW,and the fabricated Er:Ta_(2)O_(5) waveguide amplifier achieved an on-chip gain of 8.8 dB/cm.These results demonstrate that active functional high-performance integrated photonic devices can be realized on the thin-film Ta_(2)O_(5) platform.展开更多
Metal halide perovskites have rapidly emerged as outstanding semiconductors for laser applications.Surface plasmon resonances of metals offer a platform for improving the perovskite lasing properties of metal halide p...Metal halide perovskites have rapidly emerged as outstanding semiconductors for laser applications.Surface plasmon resonances of metals offer a platform for improving the perovskite lasing properties of metal halide perovskites by accelerating radiative recombination.However,the constraint on degrees of freedom of perovskite-metal interactions in two dimensions keeps us from getting a full picture of plasmon-involved carrier dynamics and reaching the optimum perovskite lasing performance.Here we report a strategy of synthesizing quantitative coassemblies of perovskite and metal nanocrystals for studying the effect of surface plasmons on carrier dynamics in depth and exploring plasmon-enhanced perovskite lasing performance.Within the coassembly,each metal nanocrystal supports localized surface plasmon resonances capable of accelerating radiative recombination of all adjacent perovskite nanocrystals in three dimensions.The quantitative coassemblies disclose the evolution of radiative and nonradiative recombination processes in perovskite nanocrystals with the plasmon modes,identifying an optimal metal nanocrystal content for fulfilling the highest radiative efficiency in perovskite nanocrystals.By virtue of accelerated radiative recombination,the coassemblies of perovskite and metal nanocrystals allowed for the construction of microlaser arrays with enhanced performance including low thresholds and ultrafast outputs.This work fundamentally advances the perovskite-metal systems for plasmonically enhancing perovskite optoelectronic performance.展开更多
The large size of lasers limits their applications in confined spaces,such as in biosensing and in vivo brain tissue imaging.In this regard,micron-sized lasers have been developed.They exhibit great potential for biol...The large size of lasers limits their applications in confined spaces,such as in biosensing and in vivo brain tissue imaging.In this regard,micron-sized lasers have been developed.They exhibit great potential for biological detecting,remote sensing,and depth tracking due to their small sizes,sensitive properties of their spectral fingerprints,and flexible positional modulation in the microenvironment.Lanthanide-based luminescent materials that possess long excited-state lifetime,narrow emission bandwidth,and upconversion behaviors are promising as gain mediums for novel microlasers.In addition,lanthanide-based microlasers could be generated under natural ambient conditions with pumped or continuous light sources,which significantly promotes the practical applications of microlasers.Recent progress in the design,synthesis,and biomedical applications of lanthanide-based microlasers has been outlined in this review.Lanthanide ions doped and upconverted lanthanide-based microlasers are highlighted,which exhibit advantageous structures,miniaturized dimensions,and high lasing performance.The applications of lanthanide-based microlasers are further discussed,the upconverted microlasers show great advantages for biological applications owing to their tunable excitation and emission characteristics and excellent environmental stability.Moreover,perspectives and challenges in the field of lanthanide-based microlasers are presented.展开更多
We demonstrate ultralow-threshold thulium-doped, as well as thulium-holmium-codoped, microtoroid lasers on silicon chips, operating at the wavelength of around 2 ?m. High quality factor whispering gallery mode(WGM) mi...We demonstrate ultralow-threshold thulium-doped, as well as thulium-holmium-codoped, microtoroid lasers on silicon chips, operating at the wavelength of around 2 ?m. High quality factor whispering gallery mode(WGM) microtoroid cavities with proper thulium and holmium concentrations are fabricated from the silica sol-gel films. The highly confined WGMs make the microcavity lasers operate with ultralow thresholds, approximately 2.8 ?W and 2.7 ?W for the thulium-doped and the thulium-holmium-codoped microlasers, respectively.展开更多
InGaAsP semiconductor ETR microlasers with side length of 5 and 10 um are fabricated by ICP etching. The peaks in photoluminenscent spectra corresponding to longitudinal modes are observed with the interval consisting...InGaAsP semiconductor ETR microlasers with side length of 5 and 10 um are fabricated by ICP etching. The peaks in photoluminenscent spectra corresponding to longitudinal modes are observed with the interval consisting with the theoretical formulae.展开更多
AlGalnAs/InP coupled-circular microlasers with radius of 10-and 2-μm width middle bus waveguide are fabricated by photolithography and inductively coupled plasma etching techniques. Room-temperature continuous-wave s...AlGalnAs/InP coupled-circular microlasers with radius of 10-and 2-μm width middle bus waveguide are fabricated by photolithography and inductively coupled plasma etching techniques. Room-temperature continuous-wave single-mode operation is realized with an output power of 0.17 mW and a side-mode suppression ratio of 23 dB at 45 mA. A longitudinal mode interval of 11 nm is obtained from the lasing spectra, and mode Q factor of 6.2×10^3 is estimated from 3-dB width of a minor peak near the threshold current. The mode characteristics are simulated by finite-difference time-domain technique for coupled- circular resonators. The results show that, in addition to the coupled modes, high-radial-order whispering gallery modes with travelling wave behaviors can also have high Q factors in the coupled-circular resonators with a middle bus waveguide.展开更多
Hybrid octagonal-ring microlasers are investigated for realizing a stable output from a silicon waveguide based on a two-dimensional simulation. The inner radius of the ring is optimized to achieve single-mode and low...Hybrid octagonal-ring microlasers are investigated for realizing a stable output from a silicon waveguide based on a two-dimensional simulation. The inner radius of the ring is optimized to achieve single-mode and low-threshold operation. Using the divinylsiloxane-benzocyclobutene （DVS-BCB） bonding technique, a hybrid A1GaInAs/Si octagonal-ring microlaser vertically coupled to a silicon waveguide is fabricated with a side length of 21.6 pm and an inner radius of 15 pm. A single transverse-mode operation is achieved with a threshold current density of 0.8 kA/cm2 and a side-mode suppression ratio above 30 dB, and a stable output from the lower silicon waveguide is obtained.展开更多
We describe modeling the solid-state dye laser with the microcavity size comparable to light wavelength. Certain symmetry in the allocation of gain material leads to depletion of odd longitudinal modes that, in turn, ...We describe modeling the solid-state dye laser with the microcavity size comparable to light wavelength. Certain symmetry in the allocation of gain material leads to depletion of odd longitudinal modes that, in turn, increases the tunability range of the microlaser. We provide simple physical explanation for the modeling results.展开更多
Microlasers are narrow-band and coherent light from small cavities,which have been widely applied in biomedicine,optical interconnection,integration devices,etc.Lanthanide doped upconversion materials are potential ga...Microlasers are narrow-band and coherent light from small cavities,which have been widely applied in biomedicine,optical interconnection,integration devices,etc.Lanthanide doped upconversion materials are potential gain media for microlasers from near infrared(NIR)to visible and UV regimes due to their multi ladder-like metastable energy levels and superior optical frequency conversion capability.The optical feedback from photon scattering of the porous upconversion nanoparticles clusters has been reported to produce upconversion random lasers.The light bouncing back and forth between two reflective surfaces or internal surface has been utilized to achieve modulated upconversion lasing emission.In addition,photon lattices and plasmonic cavities with enhanced electromagnetic fields can amplify the upconversion process within the sub-diffraction volumes and produce highly efficient upconverting lasers.In this review,the recent advances on using lanthanide doped upconversion materials for random,whispering gallery mode(WGM)/Fabry-Perot(FP)cavity and photon lattice/plasmonic cavity modulated upconversion microlasers are overviewed.Current challenges and future directions of the upconverting lasers are also discussed.展开更多
Metal halide perovskites have been regarded as remarkable materials for next-generation light-harvesting and light emission devices.Due to their unique optical properties,such as high absorption coefficient,high optic...Metal halide perovskites have been regarded as remarkable materials for next-generation light-harvesting and light emission devices.Due to their unique optical properties,such as high absorption coefficient,high optical gain,low trappingstate density,and ease of band gap engineering,perovskites promise to be used in lasing devices.In this article,the recent progresses of microlasers based on reduced-dimensional structures including nanoplatelets,nanowires,and quantum dots are reviewed from both fundamental photophysics and device applications.Furthermore,perovskite-based plasmonic nanolasers and polariton lasers are summarized.Perspectives on perovskite-based small lasers are also discussed.This review can serve as an overview and evaluation of state-of-the-art micro/nanolaser science.展开更多
Lead halide perovskites have attracted considerable attention as potential candidates for high-performance nano/microlasers,owing to their outstanding optical properties.However,the further development of perovskite m...Lead halide perovskites have attracted considerable attention as potential candidates for high-performance nano/microlasers,owing to their outstanding optical properties.However,the further development of perovskite microlaser arrays(especially based on polycrystalline thin films)produced by the conventional processing techniques is hindered by the chemical instability and surface roughness of the perovskite structures.Herein,we demonstrate a laser patterning of large-scale,highly crystalline perovskite single-crystal films to fabricate reproducible perovskite single-crystal-based microlaser arrays.Perovskite thin films were directly ablated by femtosecond-laser in multiple low-power cycles at a minimum machining line width of approximately 300 nm to realize high-precision,chemically clean,and repeatable fabrication of microdisk arrays.The surface impurities generated during the process can be washed away to avoid external optical loss due to the robustness of the single-crystal film.Moreover,the high-quality,large-sized perovskite single-crystal films can significantly improve the quality of microcavities,thereby realizing a perovskite microdisk laser with narrow linewidth(0.09 nm)and low threshold(5.1µJ/cm2).Benefiting from the novel laser patterning method and the large-sized perovskite single-crystal films,a high power and high color purity laser display with single-mode microlasers as pixels was successfully fabricated.Thus,this study may offer a potential platform for mass-scale and reproducible fabrication of microlaser arrays,and further facilitate the development of highly integrated applications based on perovskite materials.展开更多
Optical whispering gallery mode （WGM） microresonators have attracted great attention due to their remarkable proper- ties such as extremely high quality factor, small mode volume, tight confinement of modes, and str...Optical whispering gallery mode （WGM） microresonators have attracted great attention due to their remarkable proper- ties such as extremely high quality factor, small mode volume, tight confinement of modes, and strong evanescent field. All these properties of WGM microresonators have ensured their great potentials for applications, such as physical sen- sors, bio/chemical sensors and microlasers. In this mini-review, the key parameters and coupling conditions of WGM microresonators are firstly introduced. The geometries of WGM optical microcavities are presented based on their fabri- cation methods. This is followed by the discussion on the state-of-the-art applications of WGM microresonators in sen- sors and microlasers.展开更多
The ability to manipulate microlaser is highly desirable towards high-performance optoelectronic devices.Here we demonstrate feasible mode manipulation of Fabry-Perot type microlasers of a perovskite nanowire via inco...The ability to manipulate microlaser is highly desirable towards high-performance optoelectronic devices.Here we demonstrate feasible mode manipulation of Fabry-Perot type microlasers of a perovskite nanowire via incorporation of single gold nanoparticles.The influences of resonant wavelength,quality factor and emission directions are successively investigated using a two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method.It is found that blueshift of resonant wavelength could be achieved together with either promoted or degraded quality factor of the microlaser via single Au NPs with varied sizes.Unidirectional emission could also be realized which is favorable for on-chip integration.Our results provide useful reference for feasible manipulation of light-matter interactions and mode selection.展开更多
Visible light microlasers are essential building blocks for integrated photonics.However,achieving low-threshold(μw),continuous-wave(CW)visible light lasing at room temperature(RT)has been a challenge because of the ...Visible light microlasers are essential building blocks for integrated photonics.However,achieving low-threshold(μw),continuous-wave(CW)visible light lasing at room temperature(RT)has been a challenge because of the formidable requirement of population inversion at short wavelengths.Rare-earth(RE)-activated microcavities,featuring highquality factor(Q)and small mode volume of whispering gallery modes,offer a great opportunity for achieving infrared-to-visible upconversion(UC)lasing.Here,we report that batch-produced nano-glass composite(GC)microspheres incorporating RE-doped fluoride nanocrystals show efficient UC emissions.These multi-phase composite microspheres exhibit a high Q value(≥10^(5)),comparable to that of conventional multi-component glass microspheres.The UC lasing with pure red,green,and blue(RGB)emissions are demonstrated based on a highly efficient tapered fiber-microsphere system.More importantly,the GC microspheres manifest reduced(by 45%)lasing threshold and enhanced(more than four times)slope effciency.These characteristics,together with excellent long-term stability,suggest a promising solution to achieving highly robust,stand-alone,low-threshold,and versatile UC microlasers.展开更多
Lanthanide-based microlasers have attracted considerable attention owing to their large anti-Stokes shifts,multiple emission bands,and narrow linewidths.Various applications of microlasers,such as optical communicatio...Lanthanide-based microlasers have attracted considerable attention owing to their large anti-Stokes shifts,multiple emission bands,and narrow linewidths.Various applications of microlasers,such as optical communication,optical storage,and polarization imaging,require selecting the appropriate laser polarization mode and remote control of the laser properties.Here,we propose a unique plasmon-assisted method for the mode selection and remote control of microlasing using a lanthanide-based microcavity coupled with surface plasmon polaritons(SPPs)that propagate on a silver microplate.With this method,the transverse electrical(TE)mode of microlasers can be easily separated from the transverse magnetic(TM)mode.Because the SPPs excited on the silver microplate only support TM mode propagation,the reserved TE mode is resonance-enhanced in the microcavity and amplified by the local electromagnetic field.Meanwhile,lasingmode splitting can be observed under the near-field excitation of SPPs due to the coherent coupling between the microcavity and mirror microcavity modes.Benefiting from the long-distance propagation characteristics of tens of micrometers of SPPs on a silver microplate,remote excitation and control of upconversion microlasing can also be realized.These plasmon-assisted polarization mode-optional and remote-controllable upconversion microlasers have promising prospects in on-chip optoelectronic devices,encrypted optical information transmission,and high-precision sensors.展开更多
Mid-infrared microcavity lasers have important applications in biosensing,mid-infrared spectroscopy,and environmental monitoring.However,the low output power of existing mid-infrared microcavity lasers hinders their p...Mid-infrared microcavity lasers have important applications in biosensing,mid-infrared spectroscopy,and environmental monitoring.However,the low output power of existing mid-infrared microcavity lasers hinders their practical use.This drawback is attributed to the insufficient laser gain medium,which limits the development of mid-infrared whispering-gallerymode(WGM)lasers.To address this issue,we have employed ion implantation-enhanced etching to fabricate Tm:YAG thin films as effective gain media for mid-infrared WGM lasers.The Tm:YAG thin film,with a thickness of 2μm,exhibits excellent fluorescence characteristics.Subsequently,the Tm:YAG thin film is processed using focused ion beam to form microdisks with a diameter of 30μm.Under 785 nm laser pumping,the maximum output power of the Tm:YAG microdisk at 2023.1 nm is229μW,with a slope efficiency of 2.9%.This work demonstrates the outstanding potential of Tm:YAG as a mid-infrared laser gain medium,providing a new option for the development of mid-infrared lasers.展开更多
Lithium niobate(LN)thin film has received much attention as an integrated photonic platform,due to its rich and great photoelectric characteristics,based on which various functional photonic devices,such as electro-op...Lithium niobate(LN)thin film has received much attention as an integrated photonic platform,due to its rich and great photoelectric characteristics,based on which various functional photonic devices,such as electro-optic modulators and nonlinear wavelength converters,have been demonstrated with impressive performance.As an important part of the integrated photonic system,the long-awaited laser and amplifier on the LN thin-film platform have made a series of breakthroughs and important progress recently.In this review paper,the research progress of lasers and amplifiers realized on lithium niobate thin film platforms is reviewed comprehensively.Specifically,the research progress on optically pumped lasers and amplifiers based on rare-earth ions doping of LN thin films is introduced.Some important parameters and existing limitations of the current development are discussed.In addition,the implementation scheme and research progress of electrically pumped lasers and amplifiers on LN thin-film platforms are summarized.The advantages and disadvantages of optically and electrically pumped LN thin film light sources are analyzed.Finally,the applications of LN thin film lasers and amplifiers and other on-chip functional devices are envisaged.展开更多
We report an electro-optically(EO)tunable microdisk laser fabricated on the erbium(Er^(3+))-doped lithium niobate on insulator(LNOI) substrate.By applying a variable voltage on a pair of integrated chromium(Cr) microe...We report an electro-optically(EO)tunable microdisk laser fabricated on the erbium(Er^(3+))-doped lithium niobate on insulator(LNOI) substrate.By applying a variable voltage on a pair of integrated chromium(Cr) microelectrodes fabricated near the LNOI microdisk,electro-optic modulation with an effective resonance-frequency tuning rate of 2.6 GHz/100 V has been achieved.This gives rise to a tuning range of 45 pm when the electric voltage is varied between-200 V and 200 V.展开更多
Microlaser with multiple lasing bands is critical in various applications,such as full-color display,optical communications,and computing.Here,we propose a simple and efficient method for homogeneously doping rare ear...Microlaser with multiple lasing bands is critical in various applications,such as full-color display,optical communications,and computing.Here,we propose a simple and efficient method for homogeneously doping rare earth elements into a silica whispering-gallery microcavity.By this method,an Er-Yb co-doped silica microsphere cavity with the highest quality(Q)factor(exceeding 108)among the rare-earth-doped microcavities is fabricated to demonstrate simultaneous and stable lasing covering ultraviolet,visible,and near-infrared bands under room temperature and a continuous-wave pump.The thresholds of all the lasing bands are estimated to be at the submilliwatt level,where both the ultraviolet and violet continuous wave upconversion lasing from rare earth elements has not been separately demonstrated under room temperature until this work.This ultrahigh-Q doped microcavity is an excellent platform for highperformance multiband microlasers,ultrahigh-precision sensors,optical memories,and cavity-enhanced light–matter interaction studies.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12374257)。
文摘Development of on-chip coherent light sources with desired single-mode operation and straightforward spectral tunability has attracted intense interest due to ever-increasing demand for photonic devices and optoelectronic integration,but still faces serious challenges.Herein,we propose a facile method to synthesize cesium lead halide(CsPbX3)microstructures with well-defined morphologies,sizes,and constituent element gradient.The scheme is conducted using a chemical vapor deposition(CVD),which is subsequently associated with annealing-assisted solid-solid anion exchange.For the plate-shaped structures,the controllability on the cross-sectional dimension enables to precisely modulate the lasing modes,thus achieving single-mode operation;while tuning the stoichiometric of the halogen anion components in the plate-shaped CsPbI_(x)Br_(3−x) alloy samples,the lasing wavelengths are straightforwardly varied to span the entire visible spectrum.By comparison,the experimental scheme on synthesizing alloyed CsPbI_(x)Br_(3−x) perovskites is conducted using an in-situ approach,thereby achieving precise modulation of bandgap-controlled microlasers by controlling the reaction time.Such laser properties like controllable microcavity modes and broad stoichiometry-dependent tunability of light-emitting/lasing colors,associated with the facile synthesizing method of monocrystalline CsPbI_(x)Br_(3−x) structures,make lead halide perovskites ideal materials for the development of wavelength-controlled microlasers toward practical photonic integration.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFB4604600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12274133,12204176,12192251,12334014,12134001,12474378,and 12474325)+2 种基金the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(No.2021ZD0301403)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(No.2019SHZDZX01)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,the Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics&Advanced Instrument,Ministry of Education,East China Normal University(No.2023nmc005)。
文摘On-chip microlasers and waveguide amplifiers offer promising applications in optical communication,sensing,and photonic computing,presenting efficient,compact,and scalable light source solutions for integrated photonics systems.We demonstrated a low-threshold on-chip microdisk resonator laser and a high-gain optical waveguide amplifier on thin-film erbium-doped tantalum pentoxide(Er:Ta_(2)O_(5)).The fabricated Er:Ta_(2)O_(5) microdisk microlaser achieved a low threshold of 225μW,and the fabricated Er:Ta_(2)O_(5) waveguide amplifier achieved an on-chip gain of 8.8 dB/cm.These results demonstrate that active functional high-performance integrated photonic devices can be realized on the thin-film Ta_(2)O_(5) platform.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52272186,22090023 and 22375207)Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars(No.XSQD-6120220081)
文摘Metal halide perovskites have rapidly emerged as outstanding semiconductors for laser applications.Surface plasmon resonances of metals offer a platform for improving the perovskite lasing properties of metal halide perovskites by accelerating radiative recombination.However,the constraint on degrees of freedom of perovskite-metal interactions in two dimensions keeps us from getting a full picture of plasmon-involved carrier dynamics and reaching the optimum perovskite lasing performance.Here we report a strategy of synthesizing quantitative coassemblies of perovskite and metal nanocrystals for studying the effect of surface plasmons on carrier dynamics in depth and exploring plasmon-enhanced perovskite lasing performance.Within the coassembly,each metal nanocrystal supports localized surface plasmon resonances capable of accelerating radiative recombination of all adjacent perovskite nanocrystals in three dimensions.The quantitative coassemblies disclose the evolution of radiative and nonradiative recombination processes in perovskite nanocrystals with the plasmon modes,identifying an optimal metal nanocrystal content for fulfilling the highest radiative efficiency in perovskite nanocrystals.By virtue of accelerated radiative recombination,the coassemblies of perovskite and metal nanocrystals allowed for the construction of microlaser arrays with enhanced performance including low thresholds and ultrafast outputs.This work fundamentally advances the perovskite-metal systems for plasmonically enhancing perovskite optoelectronic performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22020102003,22207104,and 22125701)the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2022YFF071000 and 2021YFF0701800)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(No.20230101102JC)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2020M681055 and 2022T150634)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(Nos.2021-2023QNRC and YESS20210067).
文摘The large size of lasers limits their applications in confined spaces,such as in biosensing and in vivo brain tissue imaging.In this regard,micron-sized lasers have been developed.They exhibit great potential for biological detecting,remote sensing,and depth tracking due to their small sizes,sensitive properties of their spectral fingerprints,and flexible positional modulation in the microenvironment.Lanthanide-based luminescent materials that possess long excited-state lifetime,narrow emission bandwidth,and upconversion behaviors are promising as gain mediums for novel microlasers.In addition,lanthanide-based microlasers could be generated under natural ambient conditions with pumped or continuous light sources,which significantly promotes the practical applications of microlasers.Recent progress in the design,synthesis,and biomedical applications of lanthanide-based microlasers has been outlined in this review.Lanthanide ions doped and upconverted lanthanide-based microlasers are highlighted,which exhibit advantageous structures,miniaturized dimensions,and high lasing performance.The applications of lanthanide-based microlasers are further discussed,the upconverted microlasers show great advantages for biological applications owing to their tunable excitation and emission characteristics and excellent environmental stability.Moreover,perspectives and challenges in the field of lanthanide-based microlasers are presented.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2012CB921804 and 2011CBA00205)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61435007 and 11321063)
文摘We demonstrate ultralow-threshold thulium-doped, as well as thulium-holmium-codoped, microtoroid lasers on silicon chips, operating at the wavelength of around 2 ?m. High quality factor whispering gallery mode(WGM) microtoroid cavities with proper thulium and holmium concentrations are fabricated from the silica sol-gel films. The highly confined WGMs make the microcavity lasers operate with ultralow thresholds, approximately 2.8 ?W and 2.7 ?W for the thulium-doped and the thulium-holmium-codoped microlasers, respectively.
文摘InGaAsP semiconductor ETR microlasers with side length of 5 and 10 um are fabricated by ICP etching. The peaks in photoluminenscent spectra corresponding to longitudinal modes are observed with the interval consisting with the theoretical formulae.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 60777028,60723002, 60838003, 61006042, and 61061160502
文摘AlGalnAs/InP coupled-circular microlasers with radius of 10-and 2-μm width middle bus waveguide are fabricated by photolithography and inductively coupled plasma etching techniques. Room-temperature continuous-wave single-mode operation is realized with an output power of 0.17 mW and a side-mode suppression ratio of 23 dB at 45 mA. A longitudinal mode interval of 11 nm is obtained from the lasing spectra, and mode Q factor of 6.2×10^3 is estimated from 3-dB width of a minor peak near the threshold current. The mode characteristics are simulated by finite-difference time-domain technique for coupled- circular resonators. The results show that, in addition to the coupled modes, high-radial-order whispering gallery modes with travelling wave behaviors can also have high Q factors in the coupled-circular resonators with a middle bus waveguide.
基金supported by the High Technology Project of China(No.2012AA012202)the NSFC/RGC joint project(No.61431166003)
文摘Hybrid octagonal-ring microlasers are investigated for realizing a stable output from a silicon waveguide based on a two-dimensional simulation. The inner radius of the ring is optimized to achieve single-mode and low-threshold operation. Using the divinylsiloxane-benzocyclobutene （DVS-BCB） bonding technique, a hybrid A1GaInAs/Si octagonal-ring microlaser vertically coupled to a silicon waveguide is fabricated with a side length of 21.6 pm and an inner radius of 15 pm. A single transverse-mode operation is achieved with a threshold current density of 0.8 kA/cm2 and a side-mode suppression ratio above 30 dB, and a stable output from the lower silicon waveguide is obtained.
文摘We describe modeling the solid-state dye laser with the microcavity size comparable to light wavelength. Certain symmetry in the allocation of gain material leads to depletion of odd longitudinal modes that, in turn, increases the tunability range of the microlaser. We provide simple physical explanation for the modeling results.
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52102003,52072086,51972043)the fellowship of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M631919,2021M690816)+2 种基金the Science of Heilongjiang Province(LH2019E079)the Sichuan-Hong Kong Collaborative Research Fund(2021YFH0184)Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry(Heilongjiang University),Ministry of Education。
文摘Microlasers are narrow-band and coherent light from small cavities,which have been widely applied in biomedicine,optical interconnection,integration devices,etc.Lanthanide doped upconversion materials are potential gain media for microlasers from near infrared(NIR)to visible and UV regimes due to their multi ladder-like metastable energy levels and superior optical frequency conversion capability.The optical feedback from photon scattering of the porous upconversion nanoparticles clusters has been reported to produce upconversion random lasers.The light bouncing back and forth between two reflective surfaces or internal surface has been utilized to achieve modulated upconversion lasing emission.In addition,photon lattices and plasmonic cavities with enhanced electromagnetic fields can amplify the upconversion process within the sub-diffraction volumes and produce highly efficient upconverting lasers.In this review,the recent advances on using lanthanide doped upconversion materials for random,whispering gallery mode(WGM)/Fabry-Perot(FP)cavity and photon lattice/plasmonic cavity modulated upconversion microlasers are overviewed.Current challenges and future directions of the upconverting lasers are also discussed.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2017YFA0304600,2017YFA0205700,and2016YFA0200700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61774003 and 21673054)+2 种基金the Start-up Funding of Peking University,National Young 1000-talents Scholarship of Chinathe Open Research Fund Program of the State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics,China(Grant No.KF201604)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.QYZDB-SSW-SYS031)
文摘Metal halide perovskites have been regarded as remarkable materials for next-generation light-harvesting and light emission devices.Due to their unique optical properties,such as high absorption coefficient,high optical gain,low trappingstate density,and ease of band gap engineering,perovskites promise to be used in lasing devices.In this article,the recent progresses of microlasers based on reduced-dimensional structures including nanoplatelets,nanowires,and quantum dots are reviewed from both fundamental photophysics and device applications.Furthermore,perovskite-based plasmonic nanolasers and polariton lasers are summarized.Perspectives on perovskite-based small lasers are also discussed.This review can serve as an overview and evaluation of state-of-the-art micro/nanolaser science.
基金the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61925506)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (No. 20JC1414605)+1 种基金Hangzhou Science and Technology Bureau of Zhejiang Province (No. TD2020002)the Academic/Technology Research Leader Program of Shanghai (23XD1404500)
文摘Lead halide perovskites have attracted considerable attention as potential candidates for high-performance nano/microlasers,owing to their outstanding optical properties.However,the further development of perovskite microlaser arrays(especially based on polycrystalline thin films)produced by the conventional processing techniques is hindered by the chemical instability and surface roughness of the perovskite structures.Herein,we demonstrate a laser patterning of large-scale,highly crystalline perovskite single-crystal films to fabricate reproducible perovskite single-crystal-based microlaser arrays.Perovskite thin films were directly ablated by femtosecond-laser in multiple low-power cycles at a minimum machining line width of approximately 300 nm to realize high-precision,chemically clean,and repeatable fabrication of microdisk arrays.The surface impurities generated during the process can be washed away to avoid external optical loss due to the robustness of the single-crystal film.Moreover,the high-quality,large-sized perovskite single-crystal films can significantly improve the quality of microcavities,thereby realizing a perovskite microdisk laser with narrow linewidth(0.09 nm)and low threshold(5.1µJ/cm2).Benefiting from the novel laser patterning method and the large-sized perovskite single-crystal films,a high power and high color purity laser display with single-mode microlasers as pixels was successfully fabricated.Thus,this study may offer a potential platform for mass-scale and reproducible fabrication of microlaser arrays,and further facilitate the development of highly integrated applications based on perovskite materials.
基金This work is partially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （11774102）, the Scientific Research Funds and Promotion Program for Young and Middle-aged Teacher in Science ＆ Technology Research of Huaqiao University （ZQN-YXS04, 17BS412）, Open Fund of IPOC （BUPT）, National Research Foundation Singapore （NRF） （NRF-CRP13-2014-05）, European Union＇s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement （No. 798916） and Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier 1 （RG89/16）.
文摘Optical whispering gallery mode （WGM） microresonators have attracted great attention due to their remarkable proper- ties such as extremely high quality factor, small mode volume, tight confinement of modes, and strong evanescent field. All these properties of WGM microresonators have ensured their great potentials for applications, such as physical sen- sors, bio/chemical sensors and microlasers. In this mini-review, the key parameters and coupling conditions of WGM microresonators are firstly introduced. The geometries of WGM optical microcavities are presented based on their fabri- cation methods. This is followed by the discussion on the state-of-the-art applications of WGM microresonators in sen- sors and microlasers.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12174116 and 91850107)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFA0306200)+1 种基金Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program(Grant No.2016ZT06C594)Science and Technology Project of Guangdong(Grant No.2020B010190001)。
文摘The ability to manipulate microlaser is highly desirable towards high-performance optoelectronic devices.Here we demonstrate feasible mode manipulation of Fabry-Perot type microlasers of a perovskite nanowire via incorporation of single gold nanoparticles.The influences of resonant wavelength,quality factor and emission directions are successively investigated using a two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method.It is found that blueshift of resonant wavelength could be achieved together with either promoted or degraded quality factor of the microlaser via single Au NPs with varied sizes.Unidirectional emission could also be realized which is favorable for on-chip integration.Our results provide useful reference for feasible manipulation of light-matter interactions and mode selection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62305244,52372003,62374112,62105078)Shandong Province Natural ScienceFoundation(ZR2021QE060,ZR2021QF009)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(ZD2023E004)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(2022QNRC001)Youth science and technology innovation team of Shandong Province institution of higher learning(2022KJ258).
文摘Visible light microlasers are essential building blocks for integrated photonics.However,achieving low-threshold(μw),continuous-wave(CW)visible light lasing at room temperature(RT)has been a challenge because of the formidable requirement of population inversion at short wavelengths.Rare-earth(RE)-activated microcavities,featuring highquality factor(Q)and small mode volume of whispering gallery modes,offer a great opportunity for achieving infrared-to-visible upconversion(UC)lasing.Here,we report that batch-produced nano-glass composite(GC)microspheres incorporating RE-doped fluoride nanocrystals show efficient UC emissions.These multi-phase composite microspheres exhibit a high Q value(≥10^(5)),comparable to that of conventional multi-component glass microspheres.The UC lasing with pure red,green,and blue(RGB)emissions are demonstrated based on a highly efficient tapered fiber-microsphere system.More importantly,the GC microspheres manifest reduced(by 45%)lasing threshold and enhanced(more than four times)slope effciency.These characteristics,together with excellent long-term stability,suggest a promising solution to achieving highly robust,stand-alone,low-threshold,and versatile UC microlasers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U22A6005,92150110,12074237,and 12304426)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2020YFA0211300 and 2021YFA1201500)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2024JC-JCQN-07)the Fundamental Science Foundation of Shaanxi(Grant No.22JSZ010)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(Grant Nos.GK202201012,GK202308001,and LHRCTS23065)the Xi’an Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program(Grant No.1203050367)
文摘Lanthanide-based microlasers have attracted considerable attention owing to their large anti-Stokes shifts,multiple emission bands,and narrow linewidths.Various applications of microlasers,such as optical communication,optical storage,and polarization imaging,require selecting the appropriate laser polarization mode and remote control of the laser properties.Here,we propose a unique plasmon-assisted method for the mode selection and remote control of microlasing using a lanthanide-based microcavity coupled with surface plasmon polaritons(SPPs)that propagate on a silver microplate.With this method,the transverse electrical(TE)mode of microlasers can be easily separated from the transverse magnetic(TM)mode.Because the SPPs excited on the silver microplate only support TM mode propagation,the reserved TE mode is resonance-enhanced in the microcavity and amplified by the local electromagnetic field.Meanwhile,lasingmode splitting can be observed under the near-field excitation of SPPs due to the coherent coupling between the microcavity and mirror microcavity modes.Benefiting from the long-distance propagation characteristics of tens of micrometers of SPPs on a silver microplate,remote excitation and control of upconversion microlasing can also be realized.These plasmon-assisted polarization mode-optional and remote-controllable upconversion microlasers have promising prospects in on-chip optoelectronic devices,encrypted optical information transmission,and high-precision sensors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12122508)supported by State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology,Peking University(Grant No.NPT2023KFJ11)。
文摘Mid-infrared microcavity lasers have important applications in biosensing,mid-infrared spectroscopy,and environmental monitoring.However,the low output power of existing mid-infrared microcavity lasers hinders their practical use.This drawback is attributed to the insufficient laser gain medium,which limits the development of mid-infrared whispering-gallerymode(WGM)lasers.To address this issue,we have employed ion implantation-enhanced etching to fabricate Tm:YAG thin films as effective gain media for mid-infrared WGM lasers.The Tm:YAG thin film,with a thickness of 2μm,exhibits excellent fluorescence characteristics.Subsequently,the Tm:YAG thin film is processed using focused ion beam to form microdisks with a diameter of 30μm.Under 785 nm laser pumping,the maximum output power of the Tm:YAG microdisk at 2023.1 nm is229μW,with a slope efficiency of 2.9%.This work demonstrates the outstanding potential of Tm:YAG as a mid-infrared laser gain medium,providing a new option for the development of mid-infrared lasers.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2019YFA0705000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92250302,12034010,12134007,92050111,12074199,92050114,and 12004197)the 111 Project(Grant No.B23045).
文摘Lithium niobate(LN)thin film has received much attention as an integrated photonic platform,due to its rich and great photoelectric characteristics,based on which various functional photonic devices,such as electro-optic modulators and nonlinear wavelength converters,have been demonstrated with impressive performance.As an important part of the integrated photonic system,the long-awaited laser and amplifier on the LN thin-film platform have made a series of breakthroughs and important progress recently.In this review paper,the research progress of lasers and amplifiers realized on lithium niobate thin film platforms is reviewed comprehensively.Specifically,the research progress on optically pumped lasers and amplifiers based on rare-earth ions doping of LN thin films is introduced.Some important parameters and existing limitations of the current development are discussed.In addition,the implementation scheme and research progress of electrically pumped lasers and amplifiers on LN thin-film platforms are summarized.The advantages and disadvantages of optically and electrically pumped LN thin film light sources are analyzed.Finally,the applications of LN thin film lasers and amplifiers and other on-chip functional devices are envisaged.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2019YFA0705000)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 12004116, 11874154, 11734009, 11933005, 11874060, and 61991444)+1 种基金Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (No. HZDZX01)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, and Shanghai Sailing Program (No. 1410400)
文摘We report an electro-optically(EO)tunable microdisk laser fabricated on the erbium(Er^(3+))-doped lithium niobate on insulator(LNOI) substrate.By applying a variable voltage on a pair of integrated chromium(Cr) microelectrodes fabricated near the LNOI microdisk,electro-optic modulation with an effective resonance-frequency tuning rate of 2.6 GHz/100 V has been achieved.This gives rise to a tuning range of 45 pm when the electric voltage is varied between-200 V and 200 V.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91850115,11774110)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(HUST:2019kfy XKJC036,2019kfy RCPY092)+1 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks(2021GZKF003)the State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics(SKLAO2021001A10)。
文摘Microlaser with multiple lasing bands is critical in various applications,such as full-color display,optical communications,and computing.Here,we propose a simple and efficient method for homogeneously doping rare earth elements into a silica whispering-gallery microcavity.By this method,an Er-Yb co-doped silica microsphere cavity with the highest quality(Q)factor(exceeding 108)among the rare-earth-doped microcavities is fabricated to demonstrate simultaneous and stable lasing covering ultraviolet,visible,and near-infrared bands under room temperature and a continuous-wave pump.The thresholds of all the lasing bands are estimated to be at the submilliwatt level,where both the ultraviolet and violet continuous wave upconversion lasing from rare earth elements has not been separately demonstrated under room temperature until this work.This ultrahigh-Q doped microcavity is an excellent platform for highperformance multiband microlasers,ultrahigh-precision sensors,optical memories,and cavity-enhanced light–matter interaction studies.
