Surface engineering plays a crucial role in improving the performance of high energy materials,and polydopamine(PDA)is widely used in the field of energetic materials for surface modification and functionalization.In ...Surface engineering plays a crucial role in improving the performance of high energy materials,and polydopamine(PDA)is widely used in the field of energetic materials for surface modification and functionalization.In order to obtain high-quality HMX@PDA-based PBX explosives with high sphericity and a narrow particle size distribution,composite microspheres were prepared using co-axial droplet microfluidic technology.The formation mechanism,thermal behavior,mechanical sensitivity,electrostatic spark sensitivity,compressive strength,and combustion performance of the microspheres were investigated.The results show that PDA can effectively enhance the interfacial interaction between the explosive particles and the binder under the synergistic effect of chemical bonds and the physical"mechanical interlocking"structure.Interface reinforcement causes the thermal decomposition temperature of the sample microspheres to move to a higher temperature,with the sensitivity to impact,friction,and electrostatic sparks(for S-1)increasing by 12.5%,31.3%,and 81.5%respectively,and the compressive strength also increased by 30.7%,effectively enhancing the safety performance of the microspheres.Therefore,this study provides an effective and universal strategy for preparing high-quality functional explosives,and also provides some reference for the safe use of energetic materials in practical applications.展开更多
With the continuous discovery and research of predictive cancer-related biomarkers,liquid biopsy shows great potential in cancer diagnosis.Surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)and microfluidic technology have receiv...With the continuous discovery and research of predictive cancer-related biomarkers,liquid biopsy shows great potential in cancer diagnosis.Surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)and microfluidic technology have received much attention among the various cancer biomarker detection methods.The former has ultrahigh detection sensitivity and can provide a unique fingerprint.In contrast,the latter has the characteristics of miniaturization and integration,which can realize accurate control of the detection samples and high-throughput detection through design.Both have the potential for point-of-care testing(POCT),and their combination(lab-on-a-chip SERS(LoC-SERS))shows good compatibility.In this paper,the basic situation of circulating proteins,circulating tumor cells,exosomes,circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA),and microRNA(miRNA)in the diagnosis of various cancers is reviewed,and the detection research of these biomarkers by the LoC-SERS platform in recent years is described in detail.At the same time,the challenges and future development of the platform are discussed at the end of the review.Summarizing the current technology is expected to provide a reference for scholars engaged in related work and interested in this field.展开更多
CONSPECTUS:The microfluidic biochemical/immunoassay systems typically consist of microfluidic chips,fluid driving devices,and detection components.The core of the system is the microfluidic chips based on microfluidic...CONSPECTUS:The microfluidic biochemical/immunoassay systems typically consist of microfluidic chips,fluid driving devices,and detection components.The core of the system is the microfluidic chips based on microfluidic technology,which are typically constructed with nonresponsive materials such as silicon,glass,and rigid plastics,thus requiring complex external air/liquid pumps to manipulate the samples.The external equipment renders the microfluidic systems cumbersome and increases the risk of biosample contamination.展开更多
Combining deep-learning image inpainting algorithms with the microfluidic technology,the paper proposes a method to achieve dynamic stealth and camouflage by using a microfluidic vision camouflage system simulating th...Combining deep-learning image inpainting algorithms with the microfluidic technology,the paper proposes a method to achieve dynamic stealth and camouflage by using a microfluidic vision camouflage system simulating the chameleon skin.The basic principle is to perceive color changes in the external environment and collect ambient image information,and then utilize the image inpainting algorithm to adjust the control signals of the microfluidic system in real time.The detailed working principle of the microfluidic vision camouflage system is presented,and the mechanism of generating control signals for the system through deep-learning image inpainting algorithms and image-processing techniques is elucidated.The camouflage effect of the chameleon skin is analyzed and evaluated using color similarity.Results indicate that the camouflaged images are consistent with the background environment,thereby improving the target’s stealth and maneuvering characteristics.The camouflage technology developed in the paper based on the microfluidic vision camouflage system can be applied to several situations,such as military camouflage uniforms,robot skins,and weapon equipment.展开更多
Energetic materials,characterized by their capacity to store and release substantial energy,hold pivotal significance in some fields,particularly in defense applications.Microfluidics,with its ability to manipulate fl...Energetic materials,characterized by their capacity to store and release substantial energy,hold pivotal significance in some fields,particularly in defense applications.Microfluidics,with its ability to manipulate fluids and facilitate droplet formation at the microscale,enables precise control of chemical reactions.Recent scholarly endeavors have increasingly harnessed microfluidic reactors in the realm of energetic materials,yielding morphologically controllable particles with enhanced uniformity and explosive efficacy.However,crucial insights into microfluidic-based methodologies are dispersed across various publications,necessitating a systematic compilation.Accordingly,this review addresses this gap by concentrating on the synthesis of energetic materials through microfluidics.Specifically,the methods based on micro-mixing and droplets in the previous papers are summarized and the strategies to control the critical parameters within chemical reactions are discussed in detail.Then,the comparison in terms of advantages and disadvantages is attempted.As demonstrated in the last section regarding perspectives,challenges such as clogging,dead zones,and suboptimal production yields are non-ignoble in the promising fields and they might be addressed by integrating sound,optics,or electrical energy to meet heightened requirements.This comprehensive overview aims to consolidate and analyze the diverse array of microfluidic approaches in energetic material synthesis,offering valuable insights for future research directions.展开更多
Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR)is considered as a promising candidate to achieve ammonia synthesis because of clean electric energy,moderate reaction condition,safe operating process and harmless by-...Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR)is considered as a promising candidate to achieve ammonia synthesis because of clean electric energy,moderate reaction condition,safe operating process and harmless by-products.However,the chemical inertness of nitrogen and poor activated capacity on catalyst surface usually produce low ammonia yield and faradic efficiency.Herein,the microfluidic technology is proposed to efficiently fabricate enriched iridium nanodots/carbon architecture.Owing to in-situ co-precipitation reaction and microfluidic manipulation,the iridium nanodots/carbon nanomaterials possess small average size,uniform dispersion,high conductivity and abundant active sites,producing good proton activation and rapid electrons transmission and moderate adsorption/desorption capacity.As a result,the as-prepared iridium nanodots/carbon nanomaterials realize large ammonia yield of 28.73 μg h^(-1) cm^(-2) and faradic efficiency of 9.14%in KOH solution.Moreover,the high ammonia yield of 11.21 μg h^(-1) cm^(-2) and faradic efficiency of 24.30%are also achieved in H_(2)SO_(4) solution.The microfluidic method provides a reference for large-scale fabrication of nano-sized catalyst materials,which may accelerate the progress of electrocatalytic NRR in industrialization field.展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with a complex etiology.The main neu-ropathological feature is the accumulation of amyloid-beta(Aβ),and the dysregulation of the cholinergic system i...Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with a complex etiology.The main neu-ropathological feature is the accumulation of amyloid-beta(Aβ),and the dysregulation of the cholinergic system is well associated with its mechanism of occurrence,for which no effective treatment is yet available.Daily oral administration remains the mainstay of treatment with AD,and how to improve the efficacy,prolong adsorp-tion and medication compliance is still the focus of the current solution.We proposed a microcapsule based on microfluidic electrospray to form an intestinal epithelial lining for AD treatment,reducing the frequency of administration.Microfluidic electrospray technology was recruited to overcome the limitations associated with the variability in the microencapsulation production process and to produce functional microcapsules with finely adapted chemical composition,capsule thickness and encapsulant volume ratio.These microcapsules could slowly release drugs after adhering to the intestine,and their effectiveness and safety were further evaluated using cell culture studies and animal model studies.The results from the in vivo and in vitro experiments showed a significant reduction in administration frequency(i.e.,from daily medication to once every five days),superior therapeutic efficacy and sufficient safety of these microcapsules in cell culture and APP/PS1 mice.These features make the microcapsules an excellent drug delivery system and represent great potential for clinical applications in AD.展开更多
Heparin monitoring is widely used to measure the anticoagulant effect of unfractionated heparin and adjust the dose to keep within the target treatment range. This technology has applications in many fields and also p...Heparin monitoring is widely used to measure the anticoagulant effect of unfractionated heparin and adjust the dose to keep within the target treatment range. This technology has applications in many fields and also prospects in the future. Its application has the advantages of rapidity, high throughput and minimum sample consumption. Many point of care devices for heparin monitoring are available. The CoaguChek device only requires a small sample size, which is obtained through a fingerstick. Over the last few years, the point-of-care (POC) testing was used widely for its convenience, efficiency, and faster turnaround times.展开更多
Quantitatively mapping enzyme sequence-catalysis landscapes remains a critical challenge in understanding enzyme function,evolution,and design.In this study,we leveraged emerging microfluidic technology to measure cat...Quantitatively mapping enzyme sequence-catalysis landscapes remains a critical challenge in understanding enzyme function,evolution,and design.In this study,we leveraged emerging microfluidic technology to measure catalytic constants-kcat and KM-for hundreds of diverse orthologs and mutants of adenylate kinase(ADK).We dissected this sequence-catalysis landscape's topology,navigability,and mechanistic underpinnings,revealing catalytically heterogeneous neighborhoods organized by domain architecture.展开更多
Quantumdot inks(QDIs)represent an emerging functionalmaterial that integrates nanotechnology and fluid engineering,demonstrating significant application potential in flexible optoelectronics and high-color gamut displ...Quantumdot inks(QDIs)represent an emerging functionalmaterial that integrates nanotechnology and fluid engineering,demonstrating significant application potential in flexible optoelectronics and high-color gamut displays.Their wide applicability is due to a unique quantum confinement effect that enables precise spectral tunability and solution-processable properties.However,the complex fluid dynamics associated with QDIs at micro-/nano-scales severely limit the accuracy of inkjet printing and pattern deposition.This review systematically addresses recent advances in the hydrodynamics of QDIs,establishing scientific mechanisms and key technical breakthroughs from an interdisciplinary perspective.Current research has focused on three optimization directions:(1)regulating ligand structures to enhance colloidal stability,flow consistency,and anti-shear performance while mitigating nanoparticle aggregation;(2)incorporating low-viscosity or high-volatility solvents and surface tension modifiers to modify droplet dynamic characteristics and suppress the“coffee-ring”effect;(3)integrating advanced technologies such as electrohydrodynamic jetting and microfluidic targeted deposition to achieve submicron pattern resolution and high film uniformity,expanding adaptability in flexible electronics,biosensing,and anti-counterfeiting printing.A comparison of current technical routes and critical performance indicators has identified the dominant variables that influence QDI macroscopic/microscopic properties.A comprehensive analytical framework is presented which spans material structure,rheological behavior,manufacturing processes,and functional characteristics.Moreover,a proposed engineering‘structure–parameter–behavior–performance’serves to link core–shell structure,formulation parameters(e.g.,viscosity and surface tension),fluidic behavior(e.g.,shear thinning and Marangoni flow),and device performance(e.g.,resolution and photoluminescence efficiency).The findings provide theoretical support and decision-making guidance for the large-scale application and interdisciplinary expansion of QDIs.展开更多
An improved biosorbent of thiourea modified chitosan microsphere（TMCM） with high specific surface,favorable mechanical strength and excellent adsorption performance had been synthesized via microfluidic technology. ...An improved biosorbent of thiourea modified chitosan microsphere（TMCM） with high specific surface,favorable mechanical strength and excellent adsorption performance had been synthesized via microfluidic technology. Polyethylene glycol was used as a significant component added in aqueous solution of chitosan to produce such microspheres through droplets forming, chemical crosslinking and pores creating. For the improvement of adsorption capacity, thiourea was considered as an excellent choice in increasing amino functional group by graft modification. The SEM, FTIR and EDS were employed to detect distinct features of TMCM. Copper（Ⅱ） was used to test the adsorption performance of TMCM. The experimental results indicated that TMCM exhibited higher adsorption capacity（q_e= 60.6 mg g_（-1）） and faster adsorption rate than that non-modified chitosan microsphere（NMCM）.The adsorption kinetic was described well by the pseudo-second order kinetic model, which suggested that chemical adsorption along with electrons transferring was dominant in adsorption process.展开更多
Digital microfluidic(DMF)technology is widely used in bioanalysis and chemical reactions due to its accuracy and flexibility in manipulating droplets.However,most DMF systems usually rely on complex electrode fabricat...Digital microfluidic(DMF)technology is widely used in bioanalysis and chemical reactions due to its accuracy and flexibility in manipulating droplets.However,most DMF systems usually rely on complex electrode fabrication and high driving voltages.Sensor integration in DMF systems is also quite rare.In this study,a programmable magnetic digital microfluidic(PMDMF)platform integrated with electrochemical detection system was proposed.It enables non-contact,flexible droplet manipulation without complex processes and high voltages,meeting the requirements of automated electrochemical detection.The platform includes a magnetic control system,a microfluidic chip,and an electrochemical detection system.The magnetic control system consists of a microcoil array circuit board,a N52 permanent magnet,and an Arduino control module.N52 magnets generate localized magnetic fields to drive droplet movement,while the Arduino module enables programmable control for precise manipulation.The maximum average velocity of the droplet is about 3.9 cm/s.The microfluidic chip was fabricated using 3D printing and the superhydrophobic surface of chip was fabricated by spray coating.The electrochemical detection system consists of the MoS_(2)@CeO_(2)/PVA working electrode,Ag/AgCl reference electrode,and carbon counter electrode.To evaluate the practical value of the integrated platform,glucose in sweat was automatically and accurately detected.The proposed platform has a wide linear detection range(0.01–0.25 mM),a lower LOD(6.5μM),a superior sensitivity(7833.54μA·mM^(−1)·cm^(−2)),and excellent recovery rate(88.1-113.5%).It has an extensive potential for future application in the fields of medical diagnostics and point-of-care testing.展开更多
In this article, morphology, structure and size controllable chitosan microspheres with high mechanical strength were synthesized by microfluidic technology combining chemical crosslinking and used as an adsorbent for...In this article, morphology, structure and size controllable chitosan microspheres with high mechanical strength were synthesized by microfluidic technology combining chemical crosslinking and used as an adsorbent for methyl orange. The synthesized adsorbents were characterized using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), and an Energy Dispersive Spectrometer(EDS). The effect of pH revealed that the adsorption process depended on pH and the pH variation of methyl orange solution after adsorption indicated that adsorption capacity was affected through the associated role of chitosan nature and pH variation. Experimental results suggested that the as-prepared chitosan microspheres were controlled within a narrow size distribution(coefficients of variation is 1.81%), whose adsorption capacity reached to 207 mg·g^(-1) and mechanical strength was suitable to resist forces. In addition, the adsorption isotherm was well fitted with the Langmuir model, and the adsorption kinetic was best described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.The high performance microfluidic-synthesized chitosan microspheres have promising potentials in the applications of removing dyes from wastewater.展开更多
Digital microfluidics technology offers a platform for developing diagnostic applications with the advantages of portability,sample and reagent volume reduction,faster analysis,increased automation,low power consumpti...Digital microfluidics technology offers a platform for developing diagnostic applications with the advantages of portability,sample and reagent volume reduction,faster analysis,increased automation,low power consumption,compatibility with mass manufacturing and high throughput.In addition to diagnostics,digital microfluidics is finding use in nucleic acid analysis,peptide and protein analysis,cell analysis,drug analysis and delivery and immunization analysis.In this review,we describe these applications,their implementation,and associated design issues.As other review in the digital microfluidics technology,there have been and will be unexpected developments as DMF matures,but we predict that the future is bright for this promising technology at the last section.展开更多
Microsystems that manipulate small amounts of fluids to transport in a pre-defined direction and to perform reactions or analyses are quite important in both laboratory investigations and industry applications[1],due ...Microsystems that manipulate small amounts of fluids to transport in a pre-defined direction and to perform reactions or analyses are quite important in both laboratory investigations and industry applications[1],due to their close relevance to people’s daily life and commercial run.Natural creatures,after centuries’evolution,have realized the importance of structure and wettability designs in achiev-展开更多
Microfluidic technology is an emerging arena that manipulates tiny fluids through the use of microchannels,which typically range in dimensions from tens to hundreds of micrometers.This technology has been widely appli...Microfluidic technology is an emerging arena that manipulates tiny fluids through the use of microchannels,which typically range in dimensions from tens to hundreds of micrometers.This technology has been widely applied in chemical analysis,biological detection,and materials synthesis due to its precise processing and manipulation of tiny fluids.Moreover,droplet microfluidics with polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)devices is one of the most famous ways to carry out some applications or investigations that were not previously possible using conventional techniques.This review covers the mechanisms of droplet formation,innovative applications in synthesis,and potential integration with advanced techniques.Precise control over microfluidic channels,excellent efficiency,product consistency,and high-throughput screening capabilities are highlighted.In this respect,employing this technology in the synthesis of nanomaterials,small molecules,and polymers is discussed,as well as facilitating the development of novel materials.Additionally,we discuss future prospects,including optimizing device design,integrating with cutting-edge technologies,and advancing precision medicine.Despite challenges related to device complexity and fabrication costs,the potential for resolution through new materials and methods underscores the critical role of droplet microfluidics in scientific innovation.展开更多
Refers to:Immunogenic-cell-killing and immunosuppression-inhibiting nan omedicine Ca^(2+)-supplying black phosphorus-based scaffolds fabricated with microfluidic technology for osteogenesis Triple-synergistic MOF-nano...Refers to:Immunogenic-cell-killing and immunosuppression-inhibiting nan omedicine Ca^(2+)-supplying black phosphorus-based scaffolds fabricated with microfluidic technology for osteogenesis Triple-synergistic MOF-nanozyme for efficient antibacterial treatment An NIR photothermal-responsive hybrid hydrogel for enhanced wound healing Dr.Xingcai Zhang was a full-time Scientific Editor for the journal Matter,under the employment of Cell Press(part of Elsevier)at the time of publication,which was not disclosed in the original manuscripts.展开更多
Advancements in screening technologies employing small organisms have enabled deep profiling of compounds in vivo.However,current strategies for phenotyping of behaving animals,such as zebrafish,typically involve tedi...Advancements in screening technologies employing small organisms have enabled deep profiling of compounds in vivo.However,current strategies for phenotyping of behaving animals,such as zebrafish,typically involve tedious manipulations.Here,we develop and validate a fully automated in vivo screening system(AISS)that integrates microfluidic technology and computer-vision-based control methods to enable rapid evaluation of biological responses of non-anesthetized zebrafish to molecular gradients.Via precise fluidic control,the AISS allows automatic loading,encapsulation,transportation and immobilization of single-larva in droplets for multi-organ imaging and chemical gradients generation inaccessible in previous systems.Using this platform,we examine the cardiac sensitivity of an antipsychotic drug with multiple concentration gradients,and reveal dramatic diversity and complexity in the accurate chemical regulation of cardiac functions in vivo.This proposed system expands the arsenal of tools available for in vivo screening and facilitates comprehensive profiling of pharmaceuticals.展开更多
The efficacy of stem cell therapy is substantially compromised due to low cell survival rate and poor local retention post-delivery. These issues drastically limit the application of stem cells for ischemic limb thera...The efficacy of stem cell therapy is substantially compromised due to low cell survival rate and poor local retention post-delivery. These issues drastically limit the application of stem cells for ischemic limb therapy, which requires effective blood perfusion and skeletal muscle regeneration. Herein, based on microfluidic technology, an integrated stem cell and cytokine co-delivery system designed for functional ischemic limb salvage was constructed by first incorporating the myogenic cytokine, fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), into microspheres composed of methacrylate gelatin (GelMA). Then adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were highly absorbed into the porous structure of the microspheres, overcoming the insufficient loading efficiency and activities by conventional encapsulation strategy. The fabricated ADSCs/FGF19@μsphere system demonstrated a uniform size of about 180 μm and a highly porous structure with pore sizes between 20 and 40 μm. The resultant system allowed high doses of ADSCs to be precisely engrafted in the lesion and to survive, and achieved sustained FGF19 release in the ischemic region to facilitate myoblast recruitment and differentiation and myofibrils growth. Furthermore, the combination of ADSCs and FGF19 exhibited a positive synergistic effect which substantially improved the therapeutic benefit of angiogenesis and myogenesis, both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, a stem cell and cytokine co-delivery system with the properties of easy preparation and minimal invasiveness was designed to ensure highly efficient cell delivery, sustained cytokine release, and ultimately realizes effective treatment of ischemic limb regeneration.展开更多
This paper reviews recent development and achievements in controllable preparation of nanoparticles, micron spherical and non-spherical particles, using microfluidics. A variety of synthesis strategies are presented a...This paper reviews recent development and achievements in controllable preparation of nanoparticles, micron spherical and non-spherical particles, using microfluidics. A variety of synthesis strategies are presented and compared, including single-phase and multiphase microflows. The main structures of microfluidic devices and the fundamental principles of microflows for particle preparation are summarized and identified. The controllability of particle size, size distribution, crystal structure, morphology, physical and chemical properties, is examined in terms of the special features of microfluidic reactors. An outlook on opinions and predictions concerning the future development of powder technology with microfluidics is specially provided.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22005275).
文摘Surface engineering plays a crucial role in improving the performance of high energy materials,and polydopamine(PDA)is widely used in the field of energetic materials for surface modification and functionalization.In order to obtain high-quality HMX@PDA-based PBX explosives with high sphericity and a narrow particle size distribution,composite microspheres were prepared using co-axial droplet microfluidic technology.The formation mechanism,thermal behavior,mechanical sensitivity,electrostatic spark sensitivity,compressive strength,and combustion performance of the microspheres were investigated.The results show that PDA can effectively enhance the interfacial interaction between the explosive particles and the binder under the synergistic effect of chemical bonds and the physical"mechanical interlocking"structure.Interface reinforcement causes the thermal decomposition temperature of the sample microspheres to move to a higher temperature,with the sensitivity to impact,friction,and electrostatic sparks(for S-1)increasing by 12.5%,31.3%,and 81.5%respectively,and the compressive strength also increased by 30.7%,effectively enhancing the safety performance of the microspheres.Therefore,this study provides an effective and universal strategy for preparing high-quality functional explosives,and also provides some reference for the safe use of energetic materials in practical applications.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(Grant No.:2021JJ80078).
文摘With the continuous discovery and research of predictive cancer-related biomarkers,liquid biopsy shows great potential in cancer diagnosis.Surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)and microfluidic technology have received much attention among the various cancer biomarker detection methods.The former has ultrahigh detection sensitivity and can provide a unique fingerprint.In contrast,the latter has the characteristics of miniaturization and integration,which can realize accurate control of the detection samples and high-throughput detection through design.Both have the potential for point-of-care testing(POCT),and their combination(lab-on-a-chip SERS(LoC-SERS))shows good compatibility.In this paper,the basic situation of circulating proteins,circulating tumor cells,exosomes,circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA),and microRNA(miRNA)in the diagnosis of various cancers is reviewed,and the detection research of these biomarkers by the LoC-SERS platform in recent years is described in detail.At the same time,the challenges and future development of the platform are discussed at the end of the review.Summarizing the current technology is expected to provide a reference for scholars engaged in related work and interested in this field.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51927805,52233001)the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(2023ZKZD07).
文摘CONSPECTUS:The microfluidic biochemical/immunoassay systems typically consist of microfluidic chips,fluid driving devices,and detection components.The core of the system is the microfluidic chips based on microfluidic technology,which are typically constructed with nonresponsive materials such as silicon,glass,and rigid plastics,thus requiring complex external air/liquid pumps to manipulate the samples.The external equipment renders the microfluidic systems cumbersome and increases the risk of biosample contamination.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China for the support(No.51175101)on this paper.
文摘Combining deep-learning image inpainting algorithms with the microfluidic technology,the paper proposes a method to achieve dynamic stealth and camouflage by using a microfluidic vision camouflage system simulating the chameleon skin.The basic principle is to perceive color changes in the external environment and collect ambient image information,and then utilize the image inpainting algorithm to adjust the control signals of the microfluidic system in real time.The detailed working principle of the microfluidic vision camouflage system is presented,and the mechanism of generating control signals for the system through deep-learning image inpainting algorithms and image-processing techniques is elucidated.The camouflage effect of the chameleon skin is analyzed and evaluated using color similarity.Results indicate that the camouflaged images are consistent with the background environment,thereby improving the target’s stealth and maneuvering characteristics.The camouflage technology developed in the paper based on the microfluidic vision camouflage system can be applied to several situations,such as military camouflage uniforms,robot skins,and weapon equipment.
基金financially supported by Science and Technology on Applied Physical Chemistry Laboratory,China(Grant No.61426022220303)supported by the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52305617)。
文摘Energetic materials,characterized by their capacity to store and release substantial energy,hold pivotal significance in some fields,particularly in defense applications.Microfluidics,with its ability to manipulate fluids and facilitate droplet formation at the microscale,enables precise control of chemical reactions.Recent scholarly endeavors have increasingly harnessed microfluidic reactors in the realm of energetic materials,yielding morphologically controllable particles with enhanced uniformity and explosive efficacy.However,crucial insights into microfluidic-based methodologies are dispersed across various publications,necessitating a systematic compilation.Accordingly,this review addresses this gap by concentrating on the synthesis of energetic materials through microfluidics.Specifically,the methods based on micro-mixing and droplets in the previous papers are summarized and the strategies to control the critical parameters within chemical reactions are discussed in detail.Then,the comparison in terms of advantages and disadvantages is attempted.As demonstrated in the last section regarding perspectives,challenges such as clogging,dead zones,and suboptimal production yields are non-ignoble in the promising fields and they might be addressed by integrating sound,optics,or electrical energy to meet heightened requirements.This comprehensive overview aims to consolidate and analyze the diverse array of microfluidic approaches in energetic material synthesis,offering valuable insights for future research directions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22025801)and(22208190)National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX2021146)Shuimu Tsinghua Scholar Program(2021SM055).
文摘Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR)is considered as a promising candidate to achieve ammonia synthesis because of clean electric energy,moderate reaction condition,safe operating process and harmless by-products.However,the chemical inertness of nitrogen and poor activated capacity on catalyst surface usually produce low ammonia yield and faradic efficiency.Herein,the microfluidic technology is proposed to efficiently fabricate enriched iridium nanodots/carbon architecture.Owing to in-situ co-precipitation reaction and microfluidic manipulation,the iridium nanodots/carbon nanomaterials possess small average size,uniform dispersion,high conductivity and abundant active sites,producing good proton activation and rapid electrons transmission and moderate adsorption/desorption capacity.As a result,the as-prepared iridium nanodots/carbon nanomaterials realize large ammonia yield of 28.73 μg h^(-1) cm^(-2) and faradic efficiency of 9.14%in KOH solution.Moreover,the high ammonia yield of 11.21 μg h^(-1) cm^(-2) and faradic efficiency of 24.30%are also achieved in H_(2)SO_(4) solution.The microfluidic method provides a reference for large-scale fabrication of nano-sized catalyst materials,which may accelerate the progress of electrocatalytic NRR in industrialization field.
基金This work was supported partly by grants from the National Natu-ral Science Foundation of China(No.82071186)Clinical Trials from the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital,Medical School of Nanjing Univer-sity(No.2022-LCYG-MS-05)+1 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFA1105300)Jiangsu Province Senior Health Project(No.LKZ2023014).
文摘Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with a complex etiology.The main neu-ropathological feature is the accumulation of amyloid-beta(Aβ),and the dysregulation of the cholinergic system is well associated with its mechanism of occurrence,for which no effective treatment is yet available.Daily oral administration remains the mainstay of treatment with AD,and how to improve the efficacy,prolong adsorp-tion and medication compliance is still the focus of the current solution.We proposed a microcapsule based on microfluidic electrospray to form an intestinal epithelial lining for AD treatment,reducing the frequency of administration.Microfluidic electrospray technology was recruited to overcome the limitations associated with the variability in the microencapsulation production process and to produce functional microcapsules with finely adapted chemical composition,capsule thickness and encapsulant volume ratio.These microcapsules could slowly release drugs after adhering to the intestine,and their effectiveness and safety were further evaluated using cell culture studies and animal model studies.The results from the in vivo and in vitro experiments showed a significant reduction in administration frequency(i.e.,from daily medication to once every five days),superior therapeutic efficacy and sufficient safety of these microcapsules in cell culture and APP/PS1 mice.These features make the microcapsules an excellent drug delivery system and represent great potential for clinical applications in AD.
文摘Heparin monitoring is widely used to measure the anticoagulant effect of unfractionated heparin and adjust the dose to keep within the target treatment range. This technology has applications in many fields and also prospects in the future. Its application has the advantages of rapidity, high throughput and minimum sample consumption. Many point of care devices for heparin monitoring are available. The CoaguChek device only requires a small sample size, which is obtained through a fingerstick. Over the last few years, the point-of-care (POC) testing was used widely for its convenience, efficiency, and faster turnaround times.
文摘Quantitatively mapping enzyme sequence-catalysis landscapes remains a critical challenge in understanding enzyme function,evolution,and design.In this study,we leveraged emerging microfluidic technology to measure catalytic constants-kcat and KM-for hundreds of diverse orthologs and mutants of adenylate kinase(ADK).We dissected this sequence-catalysis landscape's topology,navigability,and mechanistic underpinnings,revealing catalytically heterogeneous neighborhoods organized by domain architecture.
基金supported by the Shenzhen Polytechnic Research Fund(6023310025K)Post-doctoral Later-stage Foundation Project of Shenzhen Polytechnic(6023271017K)Horizontal Technology Development Project(6024260101K).
文摘Quantumdot inks(QDIs)represent an emerging functionalmaterial that integrates nanotechnology and fluid engineering,demonstrating significant application potential in flexible optoelectronics and high-color gamut displays.Their wide applicability is due to a unique quantum confinement effect that enables precise spectral tunability and solution-processable properties.However,the complex fluid dynamics associated with QDIs at micro-/nano-scales severely limit the accuracy of inkjet printing and pattern deposition.This review systematically addresses recent advances in the hydrodynamics of QDIs,establishing scientific mechanisms and key technical breakthroughs from an interdisciplinary perspective.Current research has focused on three optimization directions:(1)regulating ligand structures to enhance colloidal stability,flow consistency,and anti-shear performance while mitigating nanoparticle aggregation;(2)incorporating low-viscosity or high-volatility solvents and surface tension modifiers to modify droplet dynamic characteristics and suppress the“coffee-ring”effect;(3)integrating advanced technologies such as electrohydrodynamic jetting and microfluidic targeted deposition to achieve submicron pattern resolution and high film uniformity,expanding adaptability in flexible electronics,biosensing,and anti-counterfeiting printing.A comparison of current technical routes and critical performance indicators has identified the dominant variables that influence QDI macroscopic/microscopic properties.A comprehensive analytical framework is presented which spans material structure,rheological behavior,manufacturing processes,and functional characteristics.Moreover,a proposed engineering‘structure–parameter–behavior–performance’serves to link core–shell structure,formulation parameters(e.g.,viscosity and surface tension),fluidic behavior(e.g.,shear thinning and Marangoni flow),and device performance(e.g.,resolution and photoluminescence efficiency).The findings provide theoretical support and decision-making guidance for the large-scale application and interdisciplinary expansion of QDIs.
基金support by National Basic Research Program of China(No.2014CB748500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51578239,51322805)
文摘An improved biosorbent of thiourea modified chitosan microsphere（TMCM） with high specific surface,favorable mechanical strength and excellent adsorption performance had been synthesized via microfluidic technology. Polyethylene glycol was used as a significant component added in aqueous solution of chitosan to produce such microspheres through droplets forming, chemical crosslinking and pores creating. For the improvement of adsorption capacity, thiourea was considered as an excellent choice in increasing amino functional group by graft modification. The SEM, FTIR and EDS were employed to detect distinct features of TMCM. Copper（Ⅱ） was used to test the adsorption performance of TMCM. The experimental results indicated that TMCM exhibited higher adsorption capacity（q_e= 60.6 mg g_（-1）） and faster adsorption rate than that non-modified chitosan microsphere（NMCM）.The adsorption kinetic was described well by the pseudo-second order kinetic model, which suggested that chemical adsorption along with electrons transferring was dominant in adsorption process.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFB3208200)the equipment research and development projects of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(PTYQ2024YZ0010)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality Project(XTCX-KJ-2024-038)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62401555)Shanghai Science and Technology Development Funds(23J21900100)supported by the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF under Grant Number GZC20232838.
文摘Digital microfluidic(DMF)technology is widely used in bioanalysis and chemical reactions due to its accuracy and flexibility in manipulating droplets.However,most DMF systems usually rely on complex electrode fabrication and high driving voltages.Sensor integration in DMF systems is also quite rare.In this study,a programmable magnetic digital microfluidic(PMDMF)platform integrated with electrochemical detection system was proposed.It enables non-contact,flexible droplet manipulation without complex processes and high voltages,meeting the requirements of automated electrochemical detection.The platform includes a magnetic control system,a microfluidic chip,and an electrochemical detection system.The magnetic control system consists of a microcoil array circuit board,a N52 permanent magnet,and an Arduino control module.N52 magnets generate localized magnetic fields to drive droplet movement,while the Arduino module enables programmable control for precise manipulation.The maximum average velocity of the droplet is about 3.9 cm/s.The microfluidic chip was fabricated using 3D printing and the superhydrophobic surface of chip was fabricated by spray coating.The electrochemical detection system consists of the MoS_(2)@CeO_(2)/PVA working electrode,Ag/AgCl reference electrode,and carbon counter electrode.To evaluate the practical value of the integrated platform,glucose in sweat was automatically and accurately detected.The proposed platform has a wide linear detection range(0.01–0.25 mM),a lower LOD(6.5μM),a superior sensitivity(7833.54μA·mM^(−1)·cm^(−2)),and excellent recovery rate(88.1-113.5%).It has an extensive potential for future application in the fields of medical diagnostics and point-of-care testing.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2014CB748500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51578239,51322805)
文摘In this article, morphology, structure and size controllable chitosan microspheres with high mechanical strength were synthesized by microfluidic technology combining chemical crosslinking and used as an adsorbent for methyl orange. The synthesized adsorbents were characterized using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), and an Energy Dispersive Spectrometer(EDS). The effect of pH revealed that the adsorption process depended on pH and the pH variation of methyl orange solution after adsorption indicated that adsorption capacity was affected through the associated role of chitosan nature and pH variation. Experimental results suggested that the as-prepared chitosan microspheres were controlled within a narrow size distribution(coefficients of variation is 1.81%), whose adsorption capacity reached to 207 mg·g^(-1) and mechanical strength was suitable to resist forces. In addition, the adsorption isotherm was well fitted with the Langmuir model, and the adsorption kinetic was best described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.The high performance microfluidic-synthesized chitosan microspheres have promising potentials in the applications of removing dyes from wastewater.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NO.60927001,60971045)the National Key Program for Developing Basic Research(2010CB933903,2007CB936104)+1 种基金the Chinese 863 High Tech Project(NO.2007AA022007)China National Science and Technology Major Projects(2009ZX10004-311).
文摘Digital microfluidics technology offers a platform for developing diagnostic applications with the advantages of portability,sample and reagent volume reduction,faster analysis,increased automation,low power consumption,compatibility with mass manufacturing and high throughput.In addition to diagnostics,digital microfluidics is finding use in nucleic acid analysis,peptide and protein analysis,cell analysis,drug analysis and delivery and immunization analysis.In this review,we describe these applications,their implementation,and associated design issues.As other review in the digital microfluidics technology,there have been and will be unexpected developments as DMF matures,but we predict that the future is bright for this promising technology at the last section.
文摘Microsystems that manipulate small amounts of fluids to transport in a pre-defined direction and to perform reactions or analyses are quite important in both laboratory investigations and industry applications[1],due to their close relevance to people’s daily life and commercial run.Natural creatures,after centuries’evolution,have realized the importance of structure and wettability designs in achiev-
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22071112 and 22275098)Natural Science Research Start-up Foundation of Recruiting Talents of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(Grant No.NY224034).
文摘Microfluidic technology is an emerging arena that manipulates tiny fluids through the use of microchannels,which typically range in dimensions from tens to hundreds of micrometers.This technology has been widely applied in chemical analysis,biological detection,and materials synthesis due to its precise processing and manipulation of tiny fluids.Moreover,droplet microfluidics with polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)devices is one of the most famous ways to carry out some applications or investigations that were not previously possible using conventional techniques.This review covers the mechanisms of droplet formation,innovative applications in synthesis,and potential integration with advanced techniques.Precise control over microfluidic channels,excellent efficiency,product consistency,and high-throughput screening capabilities are highlighted.In this respect,employing this technology in the synthesis of nanomaterials,small molecules,and polymers is discussed,as well as facilitating the development of novel materials.Additionally,we discuss future prospects,including optimizing device design,integrating with cutting-edge technologies,and advancing precision medicine.Despite challenges related to device complexity and fabrication costs,the potential for resolution through new materials and methods underscores the critical role of droplet microfluidics in scientific innovation.
文摘Refers to:Immunogenic-cell-killing and immunosuppression-inhibiting nan omedicine Ca^(2+)-supplying black phosphorus-based scaffolds fabricated with microfluidic technology for osteogenesis Triple-synergistic MOF-nanozyme for efficient antibacterial treatment An NIR photothermal-responsive hybrid hydrogel for enhanced wound healing Dr.Xingcai Zhang was a full-time Scientific Editor for the journal Matter,under the employment of Cell Press(part of Elsevier)at the time of publication,which was not disclosed in the original manuscripts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82372088)the National Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2021A1515010266)+2 种基金the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(202206193000001,20220816161126002)the Foundation of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument(2020B1212060077)2021 Foshan Science and Technology Innovation Team for Young-Top Talents(2120001010795).
文摘Advancements in screening technologies employing small organisms have enabled deep profiling of compounds in vivo.However,current strategies for phenotyping of behaving animals,such as zebrafish,typically involve tedious manipulations.Here,we develop and validate a fully automated in vivo screening system(AISS)that integrates microfluidic technology and computer-vision-based control methods to enable rapid evaluation of biological responses of non-anesthetized zebrafish to molecular gradients.Via precise fluidic control,the AISS allows automatic loading,encapsulation,transportation and immobilization of single-larva in droplets for multi-organ imaging and chemical gradients generation inaccessible in previous systems.Using this platform,we examine the cardiac sensitivity of an antipsychotic drug with multiple concentration gradients,and reveal dramatic diversity and complexity in the accurate chemical regulation of cardiac functions in vivo.This proposed system expands the arsenal of tools available for in vivo screening and facilitates comprehensive profiling of pharmaceuticals.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 8207021027)Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine(grant number 19MC1910300)Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(grant numbers 19441906600,21S31904800).
文摘The efficacy of stem cell therapy is substantially compromised due to low cell survival rate and poor local retention post-delivery. These issues drastically limit the application of stem cells for ischemic limb therapy, which requires effective blood perfusion and skeletal muscle regeneration. Herein, based on microfluidic technology, an integrated stem cell and cytokine co-delivery system designed for functional ischemic limb salvage was constructed by first incorporating the myogenic cytokine, fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), into microspheres composed of methacrylate gelatin (GelMA). Then adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were highly absorbed into the porous structure of the microspheres, overcoming the insufficient loading efficiency and activities by conventional encapsulation strategy. The fabricated ADSCs/FGF19@μsphere system demonstrated a uniform size of about 180 μm and a highly porous structure with pore sizes between 20 and 40 μm. The resultant system allowed high doses of ADSCs to be precisely engrafted in the lesion and to survive, and achieved sustained FGF19 release in the ischemic region to facilitate myoblast recruitment and differentiation and myofibrils growth. Furthermore, the combination of ADSCs and FGF19 exhibited a positive synergistic effect which substantially improved the therapeutic benefit of angiogenesis and myogenesis, both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, a stem cell and cytokine co-delivery system with the properties of easy preparation and minimal invasiveness was designed to ensure highly efficient cell delivery, sustained cytokine release, and ultimately realizes effective treatment of ischemic limb regeneration.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21036002, 20876084, and 20976096)the National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB714302)
文摘This paper reviews recent development and achievements in controllable preparation of nanoparticles, micron spherical and non-spherical particles, using microfluidics. A variety of synthesis strategies are presented and compared, including single-phase and multiphase microflows. The main structures of microfluidic devices and the fundamental principles of microflows for particle preparation are summarized and identified. The controllability of particle size, size distribution, crystal structure, morphology, physical and chemical properties, is examined in terms of the special features of microfluidic reactors. An outlook on opinions and predictions concerning the future development of powder technology with microfluidics is specially provided.
