The human gut microbiota comprises of a complex and diverse array of microorganisms,and over the years the interaction between human diseases and the gut microbiota has become a subject of growing interest.Disturbed m...The human gut microbiota comprises of a complex and diverse array of microorganisms,and over the years the interaction between human diseases and the gut microbiota has become a subject of growing interest.Disturbed microbial milieu in the gastrointestinal tract is central to the pathogenesis of several diseases including antibiotic-associated diarrhea and Clostridioides difficile infection(CDI).Manipulation of this microbial milieu to restore balance by microbial replacement therapies has proven to be a safe and effective treatment for recurrent CDI.There is considerable heterogeneity in various aspects of stool processing and administration for fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)across different centers globally,and standardized microbioal replacement therapies offer an attractive alternative.The adverse effects associated with FMT are usually mild.However,there is paucity of data on long term safety of FMT and there is a need for further studies in this regard.With our increasing understanding of the host-microbiome interaction,there is immense potential for microbial replacement therapies to emerge as a treatment option for several diseases.The role of microbioal replacement therapies in diseases other than CDI is being extensively studied in ongoing clinical trials and it may be a potential treatment option for inflammatory bowel disease,irritable bowel syndrome,obesity,multidrug resistant infections,and neuropsychiatric illnesses.Fecal microbiota transplantation for non-CDI disease states should currently be limited only to research settings.展开更多
Parkinson’s disease(PD)is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases.The typical symptomatology of PD includes motor symptoms;however,a range of nonmotor symptoms,such as intestinal issues,usually occur bef...Parkinson’s disease(PD)is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases.The typical symptomatology of PD includes motor symptoms;however,a range of nonmotor symptoms,such as intestinal issues,usually occur before the motor symptoms.Various microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract can profoundly influence the physiopathology of the central nervous system through neurological,endocrine,and immune system pathways involved in the microbiota-gut-brain axis.In addition,extensive evidence suggests that the gut microbiota is strongly associated with PD.This review summarizes the latest findings on microbial changes in PD and their clinical relevance,describes the underlying mechanisms through which intestinal bacteria may mediate PD,and discusses the correlations between gut microbes and anti-PD drugs.In addition,this review outlines the status of research on microbial therapies for PD and the future directions of PD-gut microbiota research.展开更多
Cigarette smoking accelerates metabolic disorders and is highly addictive,posing challenges for cessation.Recent studies have proposed that nicotine accumulates in the intestines of smokers,where it interacts with gut...Cigarette smoking accelerates metabolic disorders and is highly addictive,posing challenges for cessation.Recent studies have proposed that nicotine accumulates in the intestines of smokers,where it interacts with gut microbiota and disrupts systemic metabolism.After smoking,significant alterations in the gut microbiota affect the synthesis of numerous metabolites that are crucial for the development and progression of metabolic disorders.Gut microbiota-mediated nicotine degradation has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for smoking-related metabolic disorders associated with smoking.Herein,we explore the impact of smoking on the composition and function of the gut microbiota,emphasizing the potential link between smoking-related metabolic disorders and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites.Additionally,we discuss the in vivo distribution and metabolism of nicotine along with potential strategies for treating smoking-related metabolic disorders through the microbial degradation of nicotine.展开更多
文摘The human gut microbiota comprises of a complex and diverse array of microorganisms,and over the years the interaction between human diseases and the gut microbiota has become a subject of growing interest.Disturbed microbial milieu in the gastrointestinal tract is central to the pathogenesis of several diseases including antibiotic-associated diarrhea and Clostridioides difficile infection(CDI).Manipulation of this microbial milieu to restore balance by microbial replacement therapies has proven to be a safe and effective treatment for recurrent CDI.There is considerable heterogeneity in various aspects of stool processing and administration for fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)across different centers globally,and standardized microbioal replacement therapies offer an attractive alternative.The adverse effects associated with FMT are usually mild.However,there is paucity of data on long term safety of FMT and there is a need for further studies in this regard.With our increasing understanding of the host-microbiome interaction,there is immense potential for microbial replacement therapies to emerge as a treatment option for several diseases.The role of microbioal replacement therapies in diseases other than CDI is being extensively studied in ongoing clinical trials and it may be a potential treatment option for inflammatory bowel disease,irritable bowel syndrome,obesity,multidrug resistant infections,and neuropsychiatric illnesses.Fecal microbiota transplantation for non-CDI disease states should currently be limited only to research settings.
基金supported by the National Key Plan for Scientific Research and Development of China(2021YFC2501204)the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(81873785,82071439,81974202,and U20A20355)+2 种基金Technol-ogy Major Project of Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department(2021SK1010)the Innovation-driven Team Project from Central South Univer-sity(2020CX016)the Innovative Team Program from the Department of Science&Technology of Hunan Province(2019RS1010).
文摘Parkinson’s disease(PD)is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases.The typical symptomatology of PD includes motor symptoms;however,a range of nonmotor symptoms,such as intestinal issues,usually occur before the motor symptoms.Various microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract can profoundly influence the physiopathology of the central nervous system through neurological,endocrine,and immune system pathways involved in the microbiota-gut-brain axis.In addition,extensive evidence suggests that the gut microbiota is strongly associated with PD.This review summarizes the latest findings on microbial changes in PD and their clinical relevance,describes the underlying mechanisms through which intestinal bacteria may mediate PD,and discusses the correlations between gut microbes and anti-PD drugs.In addition,this review outlines the status of research on microbial therapies for PD and the future directions of PD-gut microbiota research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.82370848,82371643,and HY2022-7)the special fund of the National Clinical Key Specialty Construction Program,China(2023).
文摘Cigarette smoking accelerates metabolic disorders and is highly addictive,posing challenges for cessation.Recent studies have proposed that nicotine accumulates in the intestines of smokers,where it interacts with gut microbiota and disrupts systemic metabolism.After smoking,significant alterations in the gut microbiota affect the synthesis of numerous metabolites that are crucial for the development and progression of metabolic disorders.Gut microbiota-mediated nicotine degradation has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for smoking-related metabolic disorders associated with smoking.Herein,we explore the impact of smoking on the composition and function of the gut microbiota,emphasizing the potential link between smoking-related metabolic disorders and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites.Additionally,we discuss the in vivo distribution and metabolism of nicotine along with potential strategies for treating smoking-related metabolic disorders through the microbial degradation of nicotine.
