Tomato cultivation faces formidable challenges from both biotic and abiotic stressors,necessitating innovative and sustainable strategies to ensure crop resilience and yield stability.This comprehensive review delves ...Tomato cultivation faces formidable challenges from both biotic and abiotic stressors,necessitating innovative and sustainable strategies to ensure crop resilience and yield stability.This comprehensive review delves into the evolving landscape of employing microbial consortia as a dynamic tool for the integrated management of biotic and abiotic stresses in tomato plants.The microbial consortium,comprising an intricate network of bacteria,fungi,and other beneficial microorganisms,plays a pivotal role in promoting plant health and bolstering defense mechanisms.Against biotic stressors,the consortium exhibits multifaceted actions,including the suppression of pathogenic organisms through antagonistic interactions and the induction of systemic resistance in tomato plants.On the abiotic front,the microbial consortium enhances nutrient availability,optimizes water retention,and ameliorates soil structure,thus mitigating the adverse effects of factors such as drought,salinity,and nutrient imbalances.This review synthesizes current research findings,highlighting the diverse mechanisms through which microbial consortia positively influence the physiological and molecular responses of tomato plants to stress.Furthermore,it explores the adaptability of microbial consortia to various agroecosystems,offering a versatile and sustainable approach to stress management.As a promising avenue for eco-friendly agriculture,the utilization of microbial consortia in tomato cultivation emerges not only as a tool for stress mitigation but also as a transformative strategy to foster long-term sustainability,reduce reliance on synthetic inputs,and enhance overall crop productivity in the face of changing environmental conditions.展开更多
While the global waste crisis is intensifying,we are missing a crucial opportunity to address this challenge by embracing a transformative approach:engineered microbial consortia have the potential to revolutionize in...While the global waste crisis is intensifying,we are missing a crucial opportunity to address this challenge by embracing a transformative approach:engineered microbial consortia have the potential to revolutionize industrial waste management,reduce greenhouse gas emissions for climate mitigation,and promote a sustainable bioeconomy.Greenhouse gas emissions(GHG)from industrial processes pose a notable threat to planetary health[1].The need for biotechnological solutions specifically targeting CO_(2) capture and recycling for bio-based compounds and energy production is clear but far from achieved[2].There are one trillion microorganisms with a pangenome covering an unspeakable potential of processes.Microbes could provide a solution to many of the challenges our planet is currently facing,such as restoring environmental health,substituting fossil fuels-originating chemicals and products with biomassoriginating ones,enabling regenerative agriculture,restoring eutrophic water recipients,reducing biodiversity losses,and mitigating pollution.展开更多
The rapid development of synthetic biology enables the design,construction and optimization of synthetic microbial consortia to achieve specific functions.In China,the“973”project-“Design and Construction of Microb...The rapid development of synthetic biology enables the design,construction and optimization of synthetic microbial consortia to achieve specific functions.In China,the“973”project-“Design and Construction of Microbial Consortia”was funded by the National Basic Research Program of China in January 2014.It was proposed to address the fundamental challenges in engineering natural microbial consortia and reconstructing microbial consortia to meet industrial demands.In this review,we will introduce this“973”project,including the significance of microbial consortia,the fundamental scientific issues,the recent research progresses,and some case studies about synthetic microbial consortia in the past two and a half years.展开更多
Currently,the establishment of synthetic microbial consortia with rational strategies has gained extensive attention,becoming one of the important frontiers of synthetic biology.Systems biology can offer insights into...Currently,the establishment of synthetic microbial consortia with rational strategies has gained extensive attention,becoming one of the important frontiers of synthetic biology.Systems biology can offer insights into the design and construction of synthetic microbial consortia.Taking the high-efficiency production of 2-keto-L-gulonic acid(2-KLG)as an example,we constructed a synthetic microbial consortium“Saccharomyces cerevisiae-Ketogulonigenium vulgare”based on systems biology analysis.In the consortium,K.vulgare was the 2-KLG pro-ducing strain,and S.cerevisiae acted as the helper strain.Comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed on an engineered S.cerevisiae(VTC2)and a wild-type S.cerevisiae BY4741.The results showed that the up-regulated genes in VTC2,compared with BY4741,were mainly involved in glycolysis,TCA cycle,purine metabolism,and biosynthesis of amino acids,B vitamins,and antioxidant proteases,all of which play important roles in pro-moting the growth of K.vulgare.Furthermore,Vitamin C produced by VTC2 could further relieve the oxidative stress in the environment to increase the production of 2-KLG.Therefore,VTC2 would be of great advantage in working with K.vulgare.Thus,the synthetic microbial consortium"VTC2-K.vulgare"was constructed based on transcriptomics analyses,and the accumulation of 2-KLG was increased by 1.49-fold compared with that of mono-cultured K.vulgare,reaching 13.2±0.52 g/L.In addition,the increased production of 2-KLG was accompanied by the up-regulated activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the medium and the up-regulated oxidative stress-related genes(sod,cat and gpd)in K.vulgare.The results indicated that the oxida-tive stress in the synthetic microbial consortium was efficiently reduced.Thus,systems analysis confirmed a favorable symbiotic relationship between microorganisms,providing guidance for further engineering synthetic consortia.展开更多
Background： Synthetic microbial consortia are conglomerations of genetically engineered microbes programmed to cooperatively bring about population-level phenotypes. By coordinating their activity, the constituent st...Background： Synthetic microbial consortia are conglomerations of genetically engineered microbes programmed to cooperatively bring about population-level phenotypes. By coordinating their activity, the constituent strains can display emergent behaviors that are difficult to engineer into isogenic populations. To do so, strains are engineered to communicate with one another through intercellular signaling pathways that depend on cell density. Methods： Here, we used computational modeling to examine how the behavior of synthetic microbial consortia results from the interplay between population dynamics governed by cell growth and internal transcriptional dynamics governed by cell-ceil signaling. Specifically, we examined a synthetic microbial consortium in which two strains each produce signals that down-regulate transcription in the other. Within a single strain this regulatory topology is called a ＂co-repressive toggle switch＂ and can lead to bistability. Results： We found that in co-repressive synthetic microbial consortia the existence and stability of different states depend on population-level dynamics. As the two strains passively compete for space within the colony, their relative fractions fluctuate and thus alter the strengths of intercellular signals. These fluctuations drive the consortium to alternative equilibria. Additionally, if the growth rates of the strains depend on their transcriptional states, an additional feedback loop is created that can generate oscillations. Conclusions： Our findings demonstrate that the dynamics of microbial consortia cannot be predicted from their regulatory topologies alone, but are also determined by interactions between the strains. Therefore, when designing synthetic microbial consortia that use intercellular signaling, one must account for growth variations caused by the production of protein.展开更多
Background:Light-driven synthetic microbial consortia are composed of photoautotrophs and heterotrophs.They exhibited better performance in stability,robustness and capacity for handling complex tasks when comparing w...Background:Light-driven synthetic microbial consortia are composed of photoautotrophs and heterotrophs.They exhibited better performance in stability,robustness and capacity for handling complex tasks when comparing with axenic cultures.Different from general microbial consortia,the intrinsic property of photosynthetic oxygen evolution in light-driven synthetic microbial consortia is an important factor affecting the functions of the consortia.Results:In light-driven microbial consortia,the oxygen liberated by photoautotrophs will result in an aerobic environment,which exerts dual effects on different species and processes.On one hand,oxygen is favorable to the synthetic microbial consortia when they are used for wastewater treatment and aerobic chemical production,in which biomass accumulation and oxidized product formation will benefit from the high energy yield of aerobic respiration.On the other hand,the oxygen is harmful to the synthetic microbial consortia when they were used for anaerobic processes including biohydrogen production and bioelectricity generation,in which the presence of oxygen will deactivate some biological components and compete for electrons.Conclusions:Developing anaerobic processes in using light-driven synthetic microbial consortia represents a costeffective alternative for production of chemicals from carbon dioxide and light.Thus,exploring a versatile approach addressing the oxygen dilemma is essential to enable light-driven synthetic microbial consortia to get closer to practical applications.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： The increasing popularity and widespread use of traditional Chinese herbs as alterna- tive medicine have sparked an interest in understanding their biosafety, especially in decoctions that are consumed. Th...OBJECTIVE： The increasing popularity and widespread use of traditional Chinese herbs as alterna- tive medicine have sparked an interest in understanding their biosafety, especially in decoctions that are consumed. This study aimed to assess the level of microbial and heavy metal contamination in commonly consumed herbal medicine in Malay- sia and the effects of boiling on these contamination levels. METHODS： Four commonly consumed Chinese herbal medicine in Malaysia-＂Eight Treasure Herbal Tea＂, ＂Herbal Tea＂, Xiyangshen （Radix Panacis Quin- quefolii） and Dangshen （Radix Codonopsis） were evaluated in this study. Herbal medicines were pre- pared as boiled and non-boiled decoctions, and their microbial enumeration and heavy metal detection were conducted with plate assay and atom- ic absorption spectroscopy, respectively. RESULTS： Findings revealed that herbal medicines generally had 6 Iogl0cfu/mL microbial cells and that boiling had significantly reduced microbial contaminants, where no Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Clostridium spp. were recovered. Heavy metals such as Mn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Fe and Zn were also detect- ed from all the samples, generally in low concentra- tions （〈1 mg/L） except for Mn （18.545 mg/L）. All de- coctions （after boiling） have reduced concentra- tions of Cu, while others were not significantly dif- ferent. Comparisons between samples with single and multi-herbs suggest level of microbial and metal contamination is not influenced by number of herbs in sample. CONCLUSION： Herbal medicines generally have microbial and heavy metal contaminants. However, the boiling process to generate decoctions was able to successfully reduce the number of microbes and Cu, ensuring safety of herbal medicines for consumption.展开更多
Microbial consortia are ubiquitous in nature,in which multiple microbial species cooperate to complete some important tasks such as lignocellulose degradation.Because of the advantages such as reduced metabolic burden...Microbial consortia are ubiquitous in nature,in which multiple microbial species cooperate to complete some important tasks such as lignocellulose degradation.Because of the advantages such as reduced metabolic burden and robustness to environment disturbances,developing a microbial consortium is a promising approach for valuable product synthesis,lignocellulose utilization,human health care,bioremediation and sustainable energy,etc.Despite the benefits,however,most artificial microbial consortia confront the problems of instability and low efficiency due to growth competition and metabolite incompatibility.To overcome these challenges,multiple strategies to design efficient synthetic microbial consortia have been reported.In this review,the interactions that determine the stability and performance of microbial consortia were described.Progress of artificial microbial consortia research was summarized,and the key strategies i.e.,spatial or temporal segregation,separated utilization of nutrients,nutrient cross-feeding and division of labor,that will be of great importance for achieving a stable and efficient microbial consortium were highlighted.Two novel advanced tools,signaling molecule systems and computational models,were also introduced and discussed.We believed that combining the universal cell–cell signaling molecule systems with computational models will be promising for synthetic microbial consortia construction in the future.展开更多
Broom grass(Thysanolaena maxima)is an evergreen non-timber forest produce species.This grass is now domesticated for cultivation by farmers.It is a multi-purpose grass providing mainly inflorescence used as brooms for...Broom grass(Thysanolaena maxima)is an evergreen non-timber forest produce species.This grass is now domesticated for cultivation by farmers.It is a multi-purpose grass providing mainly inflorescence used as brooms for cleaning every household and also fodder for cattle,fuel wood for cooking and thus enhance farmers income.An earlier pot culture study brought out that Claroideoglomus etunicatum as the best arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus(AMF)and Pantoea dispersa as the best plant growth promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)for inoculating broom grass.In the present investigation,a pot culture experiment was conducted in glasshouse to study the effect of individual and combined inoculation of C.etunicatum and P.dispersa on the growth of broom grass.The plant height,stem girth,biovolume index,plant dry weight,major and minor nutrient concentrations were significantly higher in plants inoculated with C.etunicatum+P.dispersa compared to inoculation with either of them.It was concluded that dual inoculation with the two selected beneficial microorganisms is best for enhancing the growth and yield of broom grass which in turn will improve the livelihood of the farmers.展开更多
This study investigated the application of biochar and microbial-inoculated biochar in municipal solid waste(MSW)composting to enhance and accelerate the process.Microbial consortium from the active composting phase w...This study investigated the application of biochar and microbial-inoculated biochar in municipal solid waste(MSW)composting to enhance and accelerate the process.Microbial consortium from the active composting phase was utilized for inoculation and biofilm formation on the biochar surface.Five experimental windrow piles were established,including a control pile without biochar,and piles amended with either biochar or microbial-inoculated biochar.The composting process and the quality of the final product were evaluated by analyzing a range of physicochemical and biological parameters.The results demonstrated that piles amended with inoculated biochar exhibited higher levels of FDA hydrolytic activity and organic matter reduction,indicating enhanced microbial activity.Notably,piles 3 and 5,amended with biochar inoculated with a bacterial consortium and a bacterial-fungal consortium,respectively,achieved the highest composting temperatures(65℃)and produced the highest-quality end products(C/N ratio:10.1–11.8,Germination index:100,and fecal coliform levels within acceptable limits)compared to the control piles.These findings provide valuable insights into the practical application of microbial-inoculated biochar in the real field of MSW composting,offering a promising approach to optimize composting efficiency and product quality.展开更多
Environmental sustainability is an increasingly important issue in industry.As an environmentally friendly and sustainable way,constructing microbial cell factories to produce all kinds of valuable products has attrac...Environmental sustainability is an increasingly important issue in industry.As an environmentally friendly and sustainable way,constructing microbial cell factories to produce all kinds of valuable products has attracted more and more attention.In the process of constructing microbial cell factories,systems biology plays a crucial role.This review summarizes the recent applications of systems biology in the design and construction of microbial cell factories from four perspectives,including functional genes/enzymes discovery,bottleneck pathways identification,strains tolerance improvement and design and construction of synthetic microbial consortia.Systems biology tools can be employed to identify functional genes/enzymes involved in the biosynthetic pathways of products.These discovered genes are introduced into appropriate chassis strains to build engineering microorganisms capable of producing products.Subsequently,systems biology tools are used to identify bottleneck pathways,improve strains tolerance and guide design and construction of synthetic microbial consortia,resulting in increasing the yield of engineered strains and constructing microbial cell factories successfully.展开更多
Pyrethroids are a class of novel broad-spectrum pesticides synthesized to mimic natural pyrethrins.Due to their high efficiency,low toxicity,and safety,pyrethroids have been widely used as alternatives to organophosph...Pyrethroids are a class of novel broad-spectrum pesticides synthesized to mimic natural pyrethrins.Due to their high efficiency,low toxicity,and safety,pyrethroids have been widely used as alternatives to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides in the control of agricultural and sanitary pests.However,with the increasing use of pyrethroid pesticides,the resulting pesticide residues have posed threats to both the environment and human health.Biodegradation is considered one of the most promising methods for the removal of pyrethroids,and significant research has been conducted in this area.This review summarizes recent advances in the biodegradation of pyrethroids,including degradation by single strains,microbial consortia,and enzymes.It provides an in-depth analysis of the biodegradation pathways and catalytic mechanisms involved in the degradation of pyrethroids and outlines enhancement strategies for improving the activity of pyrethroid-degrading enzymes.The review also identifies current challenges in pyrethroid biodegradation and offers perspectives for future research.This review serves as a valuable reference for subsequent studies on pyrethroid biodegradation.展开更多
Compared to single microbial strains,complex interactions between microbial consortia composed of various microorganisms have been shown to be effective in expanding ecological functions and accomplishing biological p...Compared to single microbial strains,complex interactions between microbial consortia composed of various microorganisms have been shown to be effective in expanding ecological functions and accomplishing biological processes.Electroactive microorganisms(EMs)and degradable microorganisms(DMs)play vital roles in bioenergy production and the degradation of organic pollutants hazardous to human health.These microorganisms can strongly interact with other microorganisms and promote metabolic cooperation,thus facilitating electricity production and pollutant degradation.In this review,we describe several specific types of EMs and DMs based on their ability to adapt to different environments,and summarize the mechanism of EMs in extracellular electron transfer.The effects of interactions between EMs and DMs are evaluated in terms of electricity production and degradation efficiency.The principle of the enhancement in microbial consortia is also introduced,such as improved biomass,changed degradation pathways,and biocatalytic potentials,which are directly or indirectly conducive to human health.展开更多
基金funded by the Phytopathology Unit of the Department of Plant Pathology—Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture(Meknès)Financial support has been provided to SIRAM by PRIMA and MESRSI(Morocco),a program supported by H2020,the European Program for Research and Innovation.
文摘Tomato cultivation faces formidable challenges from both biotic and abiotic stressors,necessitating innovative and sustainable strategies to ensure crop resilience and yield stability.This comprehensive review delves into the evolving landscape of employing microbial consortia as a dynamic tool for the integrated management of biotic and abiotic stresses in tomato plants.The microbial consortium,comprising an intricate network of bacteria,fungi,and other beneficial microorganisms,plays a pivotal role in promoting plant health and bolstering defense mechanisms.Against biotic stressors,the consortium exhibits multifaceted actions,including the suppression of pathogenic organisms through antagonistic interactions and the induction of systemic resistance in tomato plants.On the abiotic front,the microbial consortium enhances nutrient availability,optimizes water retention,and ameliorates soil structure,thus mitigating the adverse effects of factors such as drought,salinity,and nutrient imbalances.This review synthesizes current research findings,highlighting the diverse mechanisms through which microbial consortia positively influence the physiological and molecular responses of tomato plants to stress.Furthermore,it explores the adaptability of microbial consortia to various agroecosystems,offering a versatile and sustainable approach to stress management.As a promising avenue for eco-friendly agriculture,the utilization of microbial consortia in tomato cultivation emerges not only as a tool for stress mitigation but also as a transformative strategy to foster long-term sustainability,reduce reliance on synthetic inputs,and enhance overall crop productivity in the face of changing environmental conditions.
基金I.A.was supported by the ERC-advanced grant 101098064 e ANAEROB。
文摘While the global waste crisis is intensifying,we are missing a crucial opportunity to address this challenge by embracing a transformative approach:engineered microbial consortia have the potential to revolutionize industrial waste management,reduce greenhouse gas emissions for climate mitigation,and promote a sustainable bioeconomy.Greenhouse gas emissions(GHG)from industrial processes pose a notable threat to planetary health[1].The need for biotechnological solutions specifically targeting CO_(2) capture and recycling for bio-based compounds and energy production is clear but far from achieved[2].There are one trillion microorganisms with a pangenome covering an unspeakable potential of processes.Microbes could provide a solution to many of the challenges our planet is currently facing,such as restoring environmental health,substituting fossil fuels-originating chemicals and products with biomassoriginating ones,enabling regenerative agriculture,restoring eutrophic water recipients,reducing biodiversity losses,and mitigating pollution.
基金the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(“973”Program:2014CB745100).
文摘The rapid development of synthetic biology enables the design,construction and optimization of synthetic microbial consortia to achieve specific functions.In China,the“973”project-“Design and Construction of Microbial Consortia”was funded by the National Basic Research Program of China in January 2014.It was proposed to address the fundamental challenges in engineering natural microbial consortia and reconstructing microbial consortia to meet industrial demands.In this review,we will introduce this“973”project,including the significance of microbial consortia,the fundamental scientific issues,the recent research progresses,and some case studies about synthetic microbial consortia in the past two and a half years.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0902100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(21676190).
文摘Currently,the establishment of synthetic microbial consortia with rational strategies has gained extensive attention,becoming one of the important frontiers of synthetic biology.Systems biology can offer insights into the design and construction of synthetic microbial consortia.Taking the high-efficiency production of 2-keto-L-gulonic acid(2-KLG)as an example,we constructed a synthetic microbial consortium“Saccharomyces cerevisiae-Ketogulonigenium vulgare”based on systems biology analysis.In the consortium,K.vulgare was the 2-KLG pro-ducing strain,and S.cerevisiae acted as the helper strain.Comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed on an engineered S.cerevisiae(VTC2)and a wild-type S.cerevisiae BY4741.The results showed that the up-regulated genes in VTC2,compared with BY4741,were mainly involved in glycolysis,TCA cycle,purine metabolism,and biosynthesis of amino acids,B vitamins,and antioxidant proteases,all of which play important roles in pro-moting the growth of K.vulgare.Furthermore,Vitamin C produced by VTC2 could further relieve the oxidative stress in the environment to increase the production of 2-KLG.Therefore,VTC2 would be of great advantage in working with K.vulgare.Thus,the synthetic microbial consortium"VTC2-K.vulgare"was constructed based on transcriptomics analyses,and the accumulation of 2-KLG was increased by 1.49-fold compared with that of mono-cultured K.vulgare,reaching 13.2±0.52 g/L.In addition,the increased production of 2-KLG was accompanied by the up-regulated activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the medium and the up-regulated oxidative stress-related genes(sod,cat and gpd)in K.vulgare.The results indicated that the oxida-tive stress in the synthetic microbial consortium was efficiently reduced.Thus,systems analysis confirmed a favorable symbiotic relationship between microorganisms,providing guidance for further engineering synthetic consortia.
基金This work was funded by the National Institutes of Health, through the joint NSF/NIGMS grant R01GM104974 （MRB, KJ）, the National Science Foundation grant DMS-1122094 （KJ）, the Robert A. Welch Foundation grant C-1729 （MRB）, and the National Science Foundation grant 1300319 （60）,
文摘Background： Synthetic microbial consortia are conglomerations of genetically engineered microbes programmed to cooperatively bring about population-level phenotypes. By coordinating their activity, the constituent strains can display emergent behaviors that are difficult to engineer into isogenic populations. To do so, strains are engineered to communicate with one another through intercellular signaling pathways that depend on cell density. Methods： Here, we used computational modeling to examine how the behavior of synthetic microbial consortia results from the interplay between population dynamics governed by cell growth and internal transcriptional dynamics governed by cell-ceil signaling. Specifically, we examined a synthetic microbial consortium in which two strains each produce signals that down-regulate transcription in the other. Within a single strain this regulatory topology is called a ＂co-repressive toggle switch＂ and can lead to bistability. Results： We found that in co-repressive synthetic microbial consortia the existence and stability of different states depend on population-level dynamics. As the two strains passively compete for space within the colony, their relative fractions fluctuate and thus alter the strengths of intercellular signals. These fluctuations drive the consortium to alternative equilibria. Additionally, if the growth rates of the strains depend on their transcriptional states, an additional feedback loop is created that can generate oscillations. Conclusions： Our findings demonstrate that the dynamics of microbial consortia cannot be predicted from their regulatory topologies alone, but are also determined by interactions between the strains. Therefore, when designing synthetic microbial consortia that use intercellular signaling, one must account for growth variations caused by the production of protein.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32201194)the Projects funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.BX20220333 and 2022M710161)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDPB18).
文摘Background:Light-driven synthetic microbial consortia are composed of photoautotrophs and heterotrophs.They exhibited better performance in stability,robustness and capacity for handling complex tasks when comparing with axenic cultures.Different from general microbial consortia,the intrinsic property of photosynthetic oxygen evolution in light-driven synthetic microbial consortia is an important factor affecting the functions of the consortia.Results:In light-driven microbial consortia,the oxygen liberated by photoautotrophs will result in an aerobic environment,which exerts dual effects on different species and processes.On one hand,oxygen is favorable to the synthetic microbial consortia when they are used for wastewater treatment and aerobic chemical production,in which biomass accumulation and oxidized product formation will benefit from the high energy yield of aerobic respiration.On the other hand,the oxygen is harmful to the synthetic microbial consortia when they were used for anaerobic processes including biohydrogen production and bioelectricity generation,in which the presence of oxygen will deactivate some biological components and compete for electrons.Conclusions:Developing anaerobic processes in using light-driven synthetic microbial consortia represents a costeffective alternative for production of chemicals from carbon dioxide and light.Thus,exploring a versatile approach addressing the oxygen dilemma is essential to enable light-driven synthetic microbial consortia to get closer to practical applications.
文摘OBJECTIVE： The increasing popularity and widespread use of traditional Chinese herbs as alterna- tive medicine have sparked an interest in understanding their biosafety, especially in decoctions that are consumed. This study aimed to assess the level of microbial and heavy metal contamination in commonly consumed herbal medicine in Malay- sia and the effects of boiling on these contamination levels. METHODS： Four commonly consumed Chinese herbal medicine in Malaysia-＂Eight Treasure Herbal Tea＂, ＂Herbal Tea＂, Xiyangshen （Radix Panacis Quin- quefolii） and Dangshen （Radix Codonopsis） were evaluated in this study. Herbal medicines were pre- pared as boiled and non-boiled decoctions, and their microbial enumeration and heavy metal detection were conducted with plate assay and atom- ic absorption spectroscopy, respectively. RESULTS： Findings revealed that herbal medicines generally had 6 Iogl0cfu/mL microbial cells and that boiling had significantly reduced microbial contaminants, where no Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Clostridium spp. were recovered. Heavy metals such as Mn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Fe and Zn were also detect- ed from all the samples, generally in low concentra- tions （〈1 mg/L） except for Mn （18.545 mg/L）. All de- coctions （after boiling） have reduced concentra- tions of Cu, while others were not significantly dif- ferent. Comparisons between samples with single and multi-herbs suggest level of microbial and metal contamination is not influenced by number of herbs in sample. CONCLUSION： Herbal medicines generally have microbial and heavy metal contaminants. However, the boiling process to generate decoctions was able to successfully reduce the number of microbes and Cu, ensuring safety of herbal medicines for consumption.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0902200)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21776157No.22078173).
文摘Microbial consortia are ubiquitous in nature,in which multiple microbial species cooperate to complete some important tasks such as lignocellulose degradation.Because of the advantages such as reduced metabolic burden and robustness to environment disturbances,developing a microbial consortium is a promising approach for valuable product synthesis,lignocellulose utilization,human health care,bioremediation and sustainable energy,etc.Despite the benefits,however,most artificial microbial consortia confront the problems of instability and low efficiency due to growth competition and metabolite incompatibility.To overcome these challenges,multiple strategies to design efficient synthetic microbial consortia have been reported.In this review,the interactions that determine the stability and performance of microbial consortia were described.Progress of artificial microbial consortia research was summarized,and the key strategies i.e.,spatial or temporal segregation,separated utilization of nutrients,nutrient cross-feeding and division of labor,that will be of great importance for achieving a stable and efficient microbial consortium were highlighted.Two novel advanced tools,signaling molecule systems and computational models,were also introduced and discussed.We believed that combining the universal cell–cell signaling molecule systems with computational models will be promising for synthetic microbial consortia construction in the future.
基金This work was financed by SEED Division,Department of Science and Technology,GOI with File no.SP/TSP/007/2016.
文摘Broom grass(Thysanolaena maxima)is an evergreen non-timber forest produce species.This grass is now domesticated for cultivation by farmers.It is a multi-purpose grass providing mainly inflorescence used as brooms for cleaning every household and also fodder for cattle,fuel wood for cooking and thus enhance farmers income.An earlier pot culture study brought out that Claroideoglomus etunicatum as the best arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus(AMF)and Pantoea dispersa as the best plant growth promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)for inoculating broom grass.In the present investigation,a pot culture experiment was conducted in glasshouse to study the effect of individual and combined inoculation of C.etunicatum and P.dispersa on the growth of broom grass.The plant height,stem girth,biovolume index,plant dry weight,major and minor nutrient concentrations were significantly higher in plants inoculated with C.etunicatum+P.dispersa compared to inoculation with either of them.It was concluded that dual inoculation with the two selected beneficial microorganisms is best for enhancing the growth and yield of broom grass which in turn will improve the livelihood of the farmers.
基金supported by Isfahan university of medical sciences,Isfahan,Iran(Research Approval cod 3400876).
文摘This study investigated the application of biochar and microbial-inoculated biochar in municipal solid waste(MSW)composting to enhance and accelerate the process.Microbial consortium from the active composting phase was utilized for inoculation and biofilm formation on the biochar surface.Five experimental windrow piles were established,including a control pile without biochar,and piles amended with either biochar or microbial-inoculated biochar.The composting process and the quality of the final product were evaluated by analyzing a range of physicochemical and biological parameters.The results demonstrated that piles amended with inoculated biochar exhibited higher levels of FDA hydrolytic activity and organic matter reduction,indicating enhanced microbial activity.Notably,piles 3 and 5,amended with biochar inoculated with a bacterial consortium and a bacterial-fungal consortium,respectively,achieved the highest composting temperatures(65℃)and produced the highest-quality end products(C/N ratio:10.1–11.8,Germination index:100,and fecal coliform levels within acceptable limits)compared to the control piles.These findings provide valuable insights into the practical application of microbial-inoculated biochar in the real field of MSW composting,offering a promising approach to optimize composting efficiency and product quality.
基金by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFA0706900)National Natural Science Foundation of China (22278310).
文摘Environmental sustainability is an increasingly important issue in industry.As an environmentally friendly and sustainable way,constructing microbial cell factories to produce all kinds of valuable products has attracted more and more attention.In the process of constructing microbial cell factories,systems biology plays a crucial role.This review summarizes the recent applications of systems biology in the design and construction of microbial cell factories from four perspectives,including functional genes/enzymes discovery,bottleneck pathways identification,strains tolerance improvement and design and construction of synthetic microbial consortia.Systems biology tools can be employed to identify functional genes/enzymes involved in the biosynthetic pathways of products.These discovered genes are introduced into appropriate chassis strains to build engineering microorganisms capable of producing products.Subsequently,systems biology tools are used to identify bottleneck pathways,improve strains tolerance and guide design and construction of synthetic microbial consortia,resulting in increasing the yield of engineered strains and constructing microbial cell factories successfully.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42207148)the Science and Technology Plan Project of Quanzhou,China(Nos.2025QZNS002 and 2022N030)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(No.2022J01573)the Educational Research Project for Young and Middle-Aged Teachers in Fujian Province,China(No.JAT210042)the Open Project Fund of Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources,Ministry of Natural Resources of China(Nos.HY202201 and HY202202)。
文摘Pyrethroids are a class of novel broad-spectrum pesticides synthesized to mimic natural pyrethrins.Due to their high efficiency,low toxicity,and safety,pyrethroids have been widely used as alternatives to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides in the control of agricultural and sanitary pests.However,with the increasing use of pyrethroid pesticides,the resulting pesticide residues have posed threats to both the environment and human health.Biodegradation is considered one of the most promising methods for the removal of pyrethroids,and significant research has been conducted in this area.This review summarizes recent advances in the biodegradation of pyrethroids,including degradation by single strains,microbial consortia,and enzymes.It provides an in-depth analysis of the biodegradation pathways and catalytic mechanisms involved in the degradation of pyrethroids and outlines enhancement strategies for improving the activity of pyrethroid-degrading enzymes.The review also identifies current challenges in pyrethroid biodegradation and offers perspectives for future research.This review serves as a valuable reference for subsequent studies on pyrethroid biodegradation.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China as a Shandong joint fund project(grant No.U1906222)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant No.2019YFC1804104)the Tianjin Science and Technology Bureau as a key science and technology supporting project(grant No.19YFZCSF00920).
文摘Compared to single microbial strains,complex interactions between microbial consortia composed of various microorganisms have been shown to be effective in expanding ecological functions and accomplishing biological processes.Electroactive microorganisms(EMs)and degradable microorganisms(DMs)play vital roles in bioenergy production and the degradation of organic pollutants hazardous to human health.These microorganisms can strongly interact with other microorganisms and promote metabolic cooperation,thus facilitating electricity production and pollutant degradation.In this review,we describe several specific types of EMs and DMs based on their ability to adapt to different environments,and summarize the mechanism of EMs in extracellular electron transfer.The effects of interactions between EMs and DMs are evaluated in terms of electricity production and degradation efficiency.The principle of the enhancement in microbial consortia is also introduced,such as improved biomass,changed degradation pathways,and biocatalytic potentials,which are directly or indirectly conducive to human health.
