Effluents from wastewater treatment plants（WWTPs） containing microorganisms and residual nutrients can influence the biofilm formation. Although the process and mechanism of bacterial biofilm formation have been wel...Effluents from wastewater treatment plants（WWTPs） containing microorganisms and residual nutrients can influence the biofilm formation. Although the process and mechanism of bacterial biofilm formation have been well characterized, little is known about the characteristics and interaction of bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes in the early colonization, especially under the influence of WWTP effluent. The aim of this study was to characterize the important bacterial, archaeal and eukaryotic species in the early stage of biofilm formation downstream of the WWTP outlet. Water and biofilm samples were collected 24 and 48 hr after the deposition of bio-cords in the stream. Illumina Miseq sequencing of the 16 S and 18 S rDNA showed that, among the three domains, the bacterial biofilm community had the largest alpha and beta diversity. The early bacterial colonizers appeared to be ＂biofilm-specific＂, with only a few dominant operational taxonomic units（OTUs） shared between the biofilm and the ambient water environment. Alpha-proteobacteria and Ciliophora tended to dominate the bacterial and eukaryotic communities, respectively, of the early biofilm already at 24 hr, whereas archaea played only a minor role during the early stage of colonization. The network analysis showed that the three domains of microbial community connected highly during the early colonization and it might be a characteristic of the microbial communities in the biofilm formation process where co-occurrence relationships could drive coexistence and diversity maintenance within the microbial communities.展开更多
Colonization and development of the gut microbiome is a crucial consideration for optimizing the health and performance of livestock animals. This is mainly attributed to the fact that dietary and management practices...Colonization and development of the gut microbiome is a crucial consideration for optimizing the health and performance of livestock animals. This is mainly attributed to the fact that dietary and management practices greatly influence the gut microbiota, subsequently leading to changes in nutrient utilization and immune response. A favorable microbiome can be implanted through dietary or management in-terventions of livestock animals, especially during early life. In this review, we explore all the possible factors (for example gestation, colostrum, and milk feeding, drinking water, starter feed, inoculation from healthy animals, prebiotics/probiotics, weaning time, essential oil and transgenesis), which can influence rumen microbiome colonization and development. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of potential strategies used to manipulate gut development and microbial colonization to improve the production and health of newborn calves at an early age when they are most susceptible to enteric disease. Moreover, we provide insights into possible interventions and their potential effects on rumen development and microbiota establishment. Prospects of latest techniques like transgenesis and host genetics have also been discussed regarding their potential role in modulation of rumen microbiome and subsequent effects on gut development and performance in neonatal ruminants.展开更多
Colonic delivery of quercetin using encapsulation techniques is an effective approach in maximizing quercetin efficacy against oxidative-stress related diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease.We hypothesized that ...Colonic delivery of quercetin using encapsulation techniques is an effective approach in maximizing quercetin efficacy against oxidative-stress related diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease.We hypothesized that colon-targeted delivery of quercetin with quercetin loaded alginate-chitosan microgels(ALQ)could alter colonic microbial metabolism regulating microbial metabolites production that may exert biological effects at the cellular level.To demonstrate this,ALQ were subjected to colonic fermentation using human fecal microbiota with empty microgels(AL)as control,and fermented fecal samples were collected at 0,8,and 24 h.Short chain fatty acid analysis using gas chromatography showed that ALQ increased productions of acetic acid,while decreased isobutyric and isovaleric acid production.Semi-targeted metabolome scanning using Orbitrap mass spectrometer showed that the overall metabolome profile was remarkably different between AL and ALQ treatments at both 8 h and 24 h of fermentation.There were 9 metabolites at 8 h,and 54 metabolites at 24 h that were significantly regulated with more than 2-fold changes between AL and ALQ treatments.The metabolites included quercetin derived metabolites,amino acids and their derivatives,nucleotide derivatives,and organic acids.ALQ significantly modulated tyrosine metabolism,amino acids metabolic pathways,and the tricarboxylic acid cycle.These ALQ modulated metabolites in turn protected the Caco-2 cells from lipopolysaccharides induced injury,increased cellular antioxidant activities,and alleviated lipid oxidation induced by H_(2)O_(2).Conclusively,ALQ could alter human fecal metabolome in vitro with significant shifts in key metabolites and exert antioxidant effects on cellular level,exhibiting potentials in colonic disease management.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YFC0502801)
文摘Effluents from wastewater treatment plants（WWTPs） containing microorganisms and residual nutrients can influence the biofilm formation. Although the process and mechanism of bacterial biofilm formation have been well characterized, little is known about the characteristics and interaction of bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes in the early colonization, especially under the influence of WWTP effluent. The aim of this study was to characterize the important bacterial, archaeal and eukaryotic species in the early stage of biofilm formation downstream of the WWTP outlet. Water and biofilm samples were collected 24 and 48 hr after the deposition of bio-cords in the stream. Illumina Miseq sequencing of the 16 S and 18 S rDNA showed that, among the three domains, the bacterial biofilm community had the largest alpha and beta diversity. The early bacterial colonizers appeared to be ＂biofilm-specific＂, with only a few dominant operational taxonomic units（OTUs） shared between the biofilm and the ambient water environment. Alpha-proteobacteria and Ciliophora tended to dominate the bacterial and eukaryotic communities, respectively, of the early biofilm already at 24 hr, whereas archaea played only a minor role during the early stage of colonization. The network analysis showed that the three domains of microbial community connected highly during the early colonization and it might be a characteristic of the microbial communities in the biofilm formation process where co-occurrence relationships could drive coexistence and diversity maintenance within the microbial communities.
基金supported by the Southwest Medical University(SWMU)grant No.42-00040149 that was awarded to Dr.Ahmad Ud Din
文摘Colonization and development of the gut microbiome is a crucial consideration for optimizing the health and performance of livestock animals. This is mainly attributed to the fact that dietary and management practices greatly influence the gut microbiota, subsequently leading to changes in nutrient utilization and immune response. A favorable microbiome can be implanted through dietary or management in-terventions of livestock animals, especially during early life. In this review, we explore all the possible factors (for example gestation, colostrum, and milk feeding, drinking water, starter feed, inoculation from healthy animals, prebiotics/probiotics, weaning time, essential oil and transgenesis), which can influence rumen microbiome colonization and development. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of potential strategies used to manipulate gut development and microbial colonization to improve the production and health of newborn calves at an early age when they are most susceptible to enteric disease. Moreover, we provide insights into possible interventions and their potential effects on rumen development and microbiota establishment. Prospects of latest techniques like transgenesis and host genetics have also been discussed regarding their potential role in modulation of rumen microbiome and subsequent effects on gut development and performance in neonatal ruminants.
文摘Colonic delivery of quercetin using encapsulation techniques is an effective approach in maximizing quercetin efficacy against oxidative-stress related diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease.We hypothesized that colon-targeted delivery of quercetin with quercetin loaded alginate-chitosan microgels(ALQ)could alter colonic microbial metabolism regulating microbial metabolites production that may exert biological effects at the cellular level.To demonstrate this,ALQ were subjected to colonic fermentation using human fecal microbiota with empty microgels(AL)as control,and fermented fecal samples were collected at 0,8,and 24 h.Short chain fatty acid analysis using gas chromatography showed that ALQ increased productions of acetic acid,while decreased isobutyric and isovaleric acid production.Semi-targeted metabolome scanning using Orbitrap mass spectrometer showed that the overall metabolome profile was remarkably different between AL and ALQ treatments at both 8 h and 24 h of fermentation.There were 9 metabolites at 8 h,and 54 metabolites at 24 h that were significantly regulated with more than 2-fold changes between AL and ALQ treatments.The metabolites included quercetin derived metabolites,amino acids and their derivatives,nucleotide derivatives,and organic acids.ALQ significantly modulated tyrosine metabolism,amino acids metabolic pathways,and the tricarboxylic acid cycle.These ALQ modulated metabolites in turn protected the Caco-2 cells from lipopolysaccharides induced injury,increased cellular antioxidant activities,and alleviated lipid oxidation induced by H_(2)O_(2).Conclusively,ALQ could alter human fecal metabolome in vitro with significant shifts in key metabolites and exert antioxidant effects on cellular level,exhibiting potentials in colonic disease management.
