Alzheimer s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease chara cterized by memory decline and the accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates in the brain.While the precise cause of Alzheimer s disease remains u...Alzheimer s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease chara cterized by memory decline and the accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates in the brain.While the precise cause of Alzheimer s disease remains under investigation,recent research suggests that dys regulation of brainspecific microRNAs(miRs)plays a significant role in Alzheimer s disease pathogenesis.Brain-specific miRs are predominantly expressed within the central nervous system and are crucial for neuronal development,and function,potentially in brain disorders.This review identifies some key brainspecific miRs in Alzheimer's disease,including miR-9,miR-26b,miR-34a,miR-107,miR-124,miR-125b,miR-128,miR-132,miR-146a,miR-155,miR-219,miR-501-3p,and miR-502-3p.The review also shed light on the brain-specific location of these miRs,their dysregulation in Alzheimer s disease,and how they are involved in disease progression.Apparently,these brain-specific miRs modulate specific genes and are therefo re crucial for various cellular processes,including autophagy,cell cycle,tau phosphorylation,amyloid-beta production,and neuroinflammation.Moreover,these miRs are potent disease-modifying factors and their expression levels co uld serve as potential biomarkers for diagnosing or monitoring Alzheimer s disease progression.展开更多
This literature review explores the complex interaction between p53 and microRNAs(miRNAs)in the occurrence and progression of breast cancer(BC),the most common and lethal tumor type among women.BC is a multifactorial ...This literature review explores the complex interaction between p53 and microRNAs(miRNAs)in the occurrence and progression of breast cancer(BC),the most common and lethal tumor type among women.BC is a multifactorial disease resulting from a combination of genetic and epigenetic alterations in cell DNA,influencing proliferation,differentiation,and migration.TP53 gene,which codifies p53 protein,is a known tumor suppressor,and it plays an important role in cell maintenance as DNA repair,cell proliferation control,and apoptosis activation.TP53 expression can be modulated by several miRNAs,as miR-30c,miR-34a,and the miR-200 family,inhibiting p53 production and silencing its tumor suppressor effects.On the other hand,p53 protein can modulate several miRNAs expression,as miR-146a,miR-192,and the miR-200 family,by acting as a transcription factor or by modulating miRNA processing,interfering with BC aggressiveness and progression.Understanding the role of p53 and miRNAs in BC may aid in identifying new biomarkers and developing new targeted therapies for patient treatment.展开更多
Neurodegenerative diseases(neurodegenerative disorders)are marked by the progressive degeneration of the structure and function of the central nervous system.They may res ult in the deterioration of cognitive,motor,an...Neurodegenerative diseases(neurodegenerative disorders)are marked by the progressive degeneration of the structure and function of the central nervous system.They may res ult in the deterioration of cognitive,motor,and functional abilities.Diseases such as Alzheimer s disease,Parkinson's disease,Huntington's disease,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis represent some of the most prominent examples of neurodegenerative disorders.Des pite scientific advancement in understanding disease pathology and prognosis,the therapeutic strategies available for management remain limited.In recent years,microRNAs,small non-coding RNA molecules,have emerged as key players in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorde rs.Therefo re,understanding how these microRNAs affect disease pathology and pathway signaling is essential,and may open microRNAs as new avenues for potential therapeutic intervention.This review explores the role of microRNAs in va rious neurodegenerative diseases,discuss how microRNAs affect signaling pathways,and examine the potential of microRNAs as therapeutic targets.展开更多
Objective To examine the important roles of microRNAs （miRNAs） in regulating amphid structure and function, we performed a computational analysis for the genetic loci required for the sensory perception and their po...Objective To examine the important roles of microRNAs （miRNAs） in regulating amphid structure and function, we performed a computational analysis for the genetic loci required for the sensory perception and their possibly corresponding miRNAs in C. elegans. Methods Total 55 genetic loci required for the amphid structure and function were selected. Sequence alignment was combined with E value evaluation to investigate and identify the possible corresponding miRNAs. Results Total 30 genes among the 55 genetic loci selected have their possible corresponding regulatory miRNA（s）, and identified genes participate in the regulation of almost all aspects of amphid structure and function. In addition, our data suggest that both the amphid structure and the amphid functions might be regulated by a series of network signaling pathways. Moreover, the distribution of miRNAs along the 3＇ untranslated region （UTR） of these 30 genes exhibits different patterns. Conclusion We present the possible miRNA-mediated signaling pathways involved in the regulation of chemosensation and thermosensation by controlling the corresponding sensory neuron and interneuron functions. Our work will be useful for better understanding of the miRNA-mediated control of the chemotaxis and thermotaxis in C. elegans.展开更多
Aim of the present review is to summarize the current knowledge about the potential relationship between mi RNAs and hepatitis B virus(HBV)-hepatitis C virus(HCV) related liver diseases. A systematic computerbased sea...Aim of the present review is to summarize the current knowledge about the potential relationship between mi RNAs and hepatitis B virus(HBV)-hepatitis C virus(HCV) related liver diseases. A systematic computerbased search of published articles, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis Statement, was performed to identify relevant studies on usefulness of serum/plasma/urine mi RNAs, as noninvasive biomarkers for early detection of HBV and HCV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) development, as well as for its prognostic evaluation. The used Medical Subject Headings terms and keywords were: "HBV", "HCV", "hepatocellular carcinoma", "micro RNAs", "mi RNAs", "diagnosis", "prognosis", "therapy", "treatment". Some serum/plasma mi RNAs, including mi R-21, mi R-122, mi-125a/b, mi R-199a/b, mi R-221, mi R-222, mi R-223, mi R-224 might serve as biomarkers for early diagnosis/prognosis of HCC, but, to date, not definitive results or well-defined panels of mi RNAs have been obtained. More well-designed studies, focusing on populations of different geographical areas and involving larger series of patients, should be carried out to improve our knowledge on the potential role of mi RNAs for HCC early detection and prognosis.展开更多
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system.It is the main cause of non-traumatic neurological disability in young adults.Multiple sclerosis mostly affects people aged 20–50 years...Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system.It is the main cause of non-traumatic neurological disability in young adults.Multiple sclerosis mostly affects people aged 20–50 years;however,it can occur in young children and much older adults.Factors identified in the distribution of MS include age,gender,genetics,environment,and ethnic background.Multiple sclerosis is usually associated with progressive degrees of disability.The disease involves demyelination of axons of the central nervous system and causes brain and spinal cord neuronal loss and atrophy.Diagnosing multiple sclerosis is based on a patient’s medical history including symptoms,physical examination,and various tests such as magnetic resonance imaging,cerebrospinal fluid and blood tests,and electrophysiology.The disease course of multiple sclerosis is not well correlated with the biomarkers presently used in clinical practice.Blood-derived biomarkers that can detect and distinguish the different phenotypes in multiple sclerosis may be advantageous in personalized treatment with disease-modifying drugs and to predict response to treatment.The studies reviewed have shown that the expression levels of a large number of miRNAs in peripheral blood,serum,exosomes isolated from serum,and cerebrospinal fluid are altered in multiple sclerosis and can distinguish the disease phenotypes from each other.Further studies are warranted to independently validate these findings so that individual or pairs of miRNAs in serum or cerebrospinal fluid can be used as potential diagnostic markers for adult and pediatric multiple sclerosis and for monitoring disease progression and response to therapy.展开更多
MicroRNAs are a family of small, genome-encoded endogenous RNAs that are transcribed but are not translated into proteins. They serve essential roles in virtually every aspect of brain function, including neurogenesis...MicroRNAs are a family of small, genome-encoded endogenous RNAs that are transcribed but are not translated into proteins. They serve essential roles in virtually every aspect of brain function, including neurogenesis, neural development, and cellular responses leading to changes in synaptic plasticity. They are also implicated in neurodegeneration and neurological disorders, in responses to hypoxia and ischemia, and in ischemic tolerance induced by ischemic preconditioning. In recent developments, miRNA expres- sion profiling has been examined in stroke, and these studies indicate that miRNAs have emerged as key mediators in ischemic stroke biology. Both increased and decreased miRNA levels may be needed either as prevention or treatment of stroke. Novel approaches are being developed to get miRNA related therapeu- tics into the brain across an intact blood-brain barrier, including chemical modification, use of targeting molecules and methods to disrupt the blood-brain barrier.展开更多
Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental disorder caused by exposure to severe traumatic life events.Currently,there are no validated biomarkers or laboratory tests that can distinguish between trauma survivors with...Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental disorder caused by exposure to severe traumatic life events.Currently,there are no validated biomarkers or laboratory tests that can distinguish between trauma survivors with and without post-traumatic stress disorder.In addition,the heterogeneity of clinical presentations of post-traumatic stress disorder and the overlap of symptoms with other conditions can lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment.Evidence suggests that this condition is a multisystem disorder that affects many biological systems,raising the possibility that peripheral markers of disease may be used to diagnose post-traumatic stress disorder.We performed a PubMed search for microRNAs(miRNAs)in post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)that could serve as diagnostic biomarkers and found 18 original research articles on studies performed with human patients and published January 2012 to December 2023.These included four studies with whole blood,seven with peripheral blood mononuclear cells,four with plasma extracellular vesicles/exosomes,and one with serum exosomes.One of these studies had also used whole plasma.Two studies were excluded as they did not involve microRNA biomarkers.Most of the studies had collected samples from adult male Veterans who had returned from deployment and been exposed to combat,and only two were from recently traumatized adult subjects.In measuring miRNA expression levels,many of the studies had used microarray miRNA analysis,miRNA Seq analysis,or NanoString panels.Only six studies had used real time polymerase chain reaction assay to determine/validate miRNA expression in PTSD subjects compared to controls.The miRNAs that were found/validated in these studies may be considered as potential candidate biomarkers for PTSD and include miR-3130-5p in whole blood;miR-193a-5p,-7113-5p,-125a,-181c,and-671-5p in peripheral blood mononuclear cells;miR-10b-5p,-203a-3p,-4488,-502-3p,-874-3p,-5100,and-7641 in plasma extracellular vesicles/exosomes;and miR-18a-3p and-7-1-5p in blood plasma.Several important limitations identified in the studies need to be taken into account in future studies.Further studies are warranted with war veterans and recently traumatized children,adolescents,and adults having PTSD and use of animal models subjected to various stressors and the effects of suppressing or overexpressing specific microRNAs.展开更多
Proper medical treatment of a stroke victim relies on accurate and rapid differentiation between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke,which in current practice is performed by computerized tomography（CT） or magnetic reso...Proper medical treatment of a stroke victim relies on accurate and rapid differentiation between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke,which in current practice is performed by computerized tomography（CT） or magnetic resonance imaging（MRI） scans.A panel of micro RNAs could be an extremely useful clinical tool for distinguishing between hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke.This review has shown that blood miRNA profile can distinguish hemorrhagic from ischemic stroke in patients and in experimental animal models.It also seems likely they can differentiate between intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage stroke.The miRNA profile in cerebrospinal fluid could be a useful diagnostic tool for subarachnoid hemorrhagic stroke.Decreased or increased miRNA levels may be needed either as prevention or treatment of stroke.Administration in vivo of miR-130 a inhibitor or miRNA mimic（miR-367,miR-223） in an intracerebral hemorrhage animal model improved neurological outcomes.展开更多
基金National Institute on Aging(NIA),National Institutes of Health(NIH),Nos.K99AG065645,RO0AG065645,ROOAG065645-04S1SARP mini grants TTUHSC EP,Edward N.&Margaret G.Marsh FoundationTTUHSC EP MTM Startup Funds(all to SK)。
文摘Alzheimer s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease chara cterized by memory decline and the accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates in the brain.While the precise cause of Alzheimer s disease remains under investigation,recent research suggests that dys regulation of brainspecific microRNAs(miRs)plays a significant role in Alzheimer s disease pathogenesis.Brain-specific miRs are predominantly expressed within the central nervous system and are crucial for neuronal development,and function,potentially in brain disorders.This review identifies some key brainspecific miRs in Alzheimer's disease,including miR-9,miR-26b,miR-34a,miR-107,miR-124,miR-125b,miR-128,miR-132,miR-146a,miR-155,miR-219,miR-501-3p,and miR-502-3p.The review also shed light on the brain-specific location of these miRs,their dysregulation in Alzheimer s disease,and how they are involved in disease progression.Apparently,these brain-specific miRs modulate specific genes and are therefo re crucial for various cellular processes,including autophagy,cell cycle,tau phosphorylation,amyloid-beta production,and neuroinflammation.Moreover,these miRs are potent disease-modifying factors and their expression levels co uld serve as potential biomarkers for diagnosing or monitoring Alzheimer s disease progression.
文摘This literature review explores the complex interaction between p53 and microRNAs(miRNAs)in the occurrence and progression of breast cancer(BC),the most common and lethal tumor type among women.BC is a multifactorial disease resulting from a combination of genetic and epigenetic alterations in cell DNA,influencing proliferation,differentiation,and migration.TP53 gene,which codifies p53 protein,is a known tumor suppressor,and it plays an important role in cell maintenance as DNA repair,cell proliferation control,and apoptosis activation.TP53 expression can be modulated by several miRNAs,as miR-30c,miR-34a,and the miR-200 family,inhibiting p53 production and silencing its tumor suppressor effects.On the other hand,p53 protein can modulate several miRNAs expression,as miR-146a,miR-192,and the miR-200 family,by acting as a transcription factor or by modulating miRNA processing,interfering with BC aggressiveness and progression.Understanding the role of p53 and miRNAs in BC may aid in identifying new biomarkers and developing new targeted therapies for patient treatment.
基金1RO1EY032959-01 from NIH,Leonard A Mann Chair Endowment Fund,from the University of Dayton(to AS)Knights Templar Eye Foundation grant(to MS)。
文摘Neurodegenerative diseases(neurodegenerative disorders)are marked by the progressive degeneration of the structure and function of the central nervous system.They may res ult in the deterioration of cognitive,motor,and functional abilities.Diseases such as Alzheimer s disease,Parkinson's disease,Huntington's disease,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis represent some of the most prominent examples of neurodegenerative disorders.Des pite scientific advancement in understanding disease pathology and prognosis,the therapeutic strategies available for management remain limited.In recent years,microRNAs,small non-coding RNA molecules,have emerged as key players in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorde rs.Therefo re,understanding how these microRNAs affect disease pathology and pathway signaling is essential,and may open microRNAs as new avenues for potential therapeutic intervention.This review explores the role of microRNAs in va rious neurodegenerative diseases,discuss how microRNAs affect signaling pathways,and examine the potential of microRNAs as therapeutic targets.
文摘Objective To examine the important roles of microRNAs （miRNAs） in regulating amphid structure and function, we performed a computational analysis for the genetic loci required for the sensory perception and their possibly corresponding miRNAs in C. elegans. Methods Total 55 genetic loci required for the amphid structure and function were selected. Sequence alignment was combined with E value evaluation to investigate and identify the possible corresponding miRNAs. Results Total 30 genes among the 55 genetic loci selected have their possible corresponding regulatory miRNA（s）, and identified genes participate in the regulation of almost all aspects of amphid structure and function. In addition, our data suggest that both the amphid structure and the amphid functions might be regulated by a series of network signaling pathways. Moreover, the distribution of miRNAs along the 3＇ untranslated region （UTR） of these 30 genes exhibits different patterns. Conclusion We present the possible miRNA-mediated signaling pathways involved in the regulation of chemosensation and thermosensation by controlling the corresponding sensory neuron and interneuron functions. Our work will be useful for better understanding of the miRNA-mediated control of the chemotaxis and thermotaxis in C. elegans.
文摘Aim of the present review is to summarize the current knowledge about the potential relationship between mi RNAs and hepatitis B virus(HBV)-hepatitis C virus(HCV) related liver diseases. A systematic computerbased search of published articles, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis Statement, was performed to identify relevant studies on usefulness of serum/plasma/urine mi RNAs, as noninvasive biomarkers for early detection of HBV and HCV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) development, as well as for its prognostic evaluation. The used Medical Subject Headings terms and keywords were: "HBV", "HCV", "hepatocellular carcinoma", "micro RNAs", "mi RNAs", "diagnosis", "prognosis", "therapy", "treatment". Some serum/plasma mi RNAs, including mi R-21, mi R-122, mi-125a/b, mi R-199a/b, mi R-221, mi R-222, mi R-223, mi R-224 might serve as biomarkers for early diagnosis/prognosis of HCC, but, to date, not definitive results or well-defined panels of mi RNAs have been obtained. More well-designed studies, focusing on populations of different geographical areas and involving larger series of patients, should be carried out to improve our knowledge on the potential role of mi RNAs for HCC early detection and prognosis.
文摘Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system.It is the main cause of non-traumatic neurological disability in young adults.Multiple sclerosis mostly affects people aged 20–50 years;however,it can occur in young children and much older adults.Factors identified in the distribution of MS include age,gender,genetics,environment,and ethnic background.Multiple sclerosis is usually associated with progressive degrees of disability.The disease involves demyelination of axons of the central nervous system and causes brain and spinal cord neuronal loss and atrophy.Diagnosing multiple sclerosis is based on a patient’s medical history including symptoms,physical examination,and various tests such as magnetic resonance imaging,cerebrospinal fluid and blood tests,and electrophysiology.The disease course of multiple sclerosis is not well correlated with the biomarkers presently used in clinical practice.Blood-derived biomarkers that can detect and distinguish the different phenotypes in multiple sclerosis may be advantageous in personalized treatment with disease-modifying drugs and to predict response to treatment.The studies reviewed have shown that the expression levels of a large number of miRNAs in peripheral blood,serum,exosomes isolated from serum,and cerebrospinal fluid are altered in multiple sclerosis and can distinguish the disease phenotypes from each other.Further studies are warranted to independently validate these findings so that individual or pairs of miRNAs in serum or cerebrospinal fluid can be used as potential diagnostic markers for adult and pediatric multiple sclerosis and for monitoring disease progression and response to therapy.
文摘MicroRNAs are a family of small, genome-encoded endogenous RNAs that are transcribed but are not translated into proteins. They serve essential roles in virtually every aspect of brain function, including neurogenesis, neural development, and cellular responses leading to changes in synaptic plasticity. They are also implicated in neurodegeneration and neurological disorders, in responses to hypoxia and ischemia, and in ischemic tolerance induced by ischemic preconditioning. In recent developments, miRNA expres- sion profiling has been examined in stroke, and these studies indicate that miRNAs have emerged as key mediators in ischemic stroke biology. Both increased and decreased miRNA levels may be needed either as prevention or treatment of stroke. Novel approaches are being developed to get miRNA related therapeu- tics into the brain across an intact blood-brain barrier, including chemical modification, use of targeting molecules and methods to disrupt the blood-brain barrier.
文摘Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental disorder caused by exposure to severe traumatic life events.Currently,there are no validated biomarkers or laboratory tests that can distinguish between trauma survivors with and without post-traumatic stress disorder.In addition,the heterogeneity of clinical presentations of post-traumatic stress disorder and the overlap of symptoms with other conditions can lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment.Evidence suggests that this condition is a multisystem disorder that affects many biological systems,raising the possibility that peripheral markers of disease may be used to diagnose post-traumatic stress disorder.We performed a PubMed search for microRNAs(miRNAs)in post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)that could serve as diagnostic biomarkers and found 18 original research articles on studies performed with human patients and published January 2012 to December 2023.These included four studies with whole blood,seven with peripheral blood mononuclear cells,four with plasma extracellular vesicles/exosomes,and one with serum exosomes.One of these studies had also used whole plasma.Two studies were excluded as they did not involve microRNA biomarkers.Most of the studies had collected samples from adult male Veterans who had returned from deployment and been exposed to combat,and only two were from recently traumatized adult subjects.In measuring miRNA expression levels,many of the studies had used microarray miRNA analysis,miRNA Seq analysis,or NanoString panels.Only six studies had used real time polymerase chain reaction assay to determine/validate miRNA expression in PTSD subjects compared to controls.The miRNAs that were found/validated in these studies may be considered as potential candidate biomarkers for PTSD and include miR-3130-5p in whole blood;miR-193a-5p,-7113-5p,-125a,-181c,and-671-5p in peripheral blood mononuclear cells;miR-10b-5p,-203a-3p,-4488,-502-3p,-874-3p,-5100,and-7641 in plasma extracellular vesicles/exosomes;and miR-18a-3p and-7-1-5p in blood plasma.Several important limitations identified in the studies need to be taken into account in future studies.Further studies are warranted with war veterans and recently traumatized children,adolescents,and adults having PTSD and use of animal models subjected to various stressors and the effects of suppressing or overexpressing specific microRNAs.
文摘Proper medical treatment of a stroke victim relies on accurate and rapid differentiation between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke,which in current practice is performed by computerized tomography（CT） or magnetic resonance imaging（MRI） scans.A panel of micro RNAs could be an extremely useful clinical tool for distinguishing between hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke.This review has shown that blood miRNA profile can distinguish hemorrhagic from ischemic stroke in patients and in experimental animal models.It also seems likely they can differentiate between intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage stroke.The miRNA profile in cerebrospinal fluid could be a useful diagnostic tool for subarachnoid hemorrhagic stroke.Decreased or increased miRNA levels may be needed either as prevention or treatment of stroke.Administration in vivo of miR-130 a inhibitor or miRNA mimic（miR-367,miR-223） in an intracerebral hemorrhage animal model improved neurological outcomes.
