Hypergravity can be realized by creating a field imposed by centripetal acceleration in a centrifuge apparatus.Such an apparatus is often used to test soil response in geotechnical engineering problems.Here we present...Hypergravity can be realized by creating a field imposed by centripetal acceleration in a centrifuge apparatus.Such an apparatus is often used to test soil response in geotechnical engineering problems.Here we present the potential usage of a centrifuge apparatus to study various topics in hydrodynamics.The scaling law associated with hydrodynamics is first reviewed,and the advantage of controlling the body force is described.One of the perceived disadvantages in such experiments is the unwanted presence of the Coriolis effect in the centrifuge.However,we propose exploiting this effect to our advantage to study geophysical fluid-dynamic problems that occur particularly in the equatorial region.展开更多
In order to comprehensively understand the mechanical behavior of biological entities and aerospace applications subjected to hypergravity environments,we delve into the impact of hypergravity on the equivalent compli...In order to comprehensively understand the mechanical behavior of biological entities and aerospace applications subjected to hypergravity environments,we delve into the impact of hypergravity on the equivalent compliance of cubic lattice structures.Capitalizing on the periodic spatial distribution,we employ a unit cell methodology to deduce the homogenized stress-strain relationship for the lattice structures,subsequently obtaining the associated equivalent compliance.The equivalent compliance can be conveniently reduced to instances without hypergravity influence.Furthermore,numerical simulations are executed to validate the derivations and to illustrate that hypergravity indeed affects the mechanical properties of lattice structures.We introduce a non-dimensional hypergravity factor,which quantifies the impact of hypergravity magnitude relative to the Young’s modulus of the base material.Our findings reveal that the hypergravity factor influences perpendicular compliance quadratically and parallel compliance linearly.Simultaneously,the perpendicular shear compliance remains unaffected,whereas the parallel shear compliance experiences an inverse effect.Additionally,the lattice structure transforms into a gradient material oriented in the hypergravity direction,consequently generating a scale effect.展开更多
Fueled by the increasing imperative for sustainable energy solutions and the burgeoning emphasis on health awareness,self-powered techniques have undergone notable strides in advancement.Triboelectric nanogenerators(T...Fueled by the increasing imperative for sustainable energy solutions and the burgeoning emphasis on health awareness,self-powered techniques have undergone notable strides in advancement.Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)stand out as a prominent device capitalizing on the principles of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction to generate electricity or electrical signals.In efforts to augment the electrical output performance of TENGs and broaden their range of applications,researchers have endeavored to refine materials,surface morphology,and structural design.Among them,physical morphological modifications play a pivotal role in enhancing the electrical properties of TENGs by increasing the contact surface area,which can be achieved by building micro-/nano-structures on the surface or inside the friction material.In this review,we summarize the common morphologies of TENGs,categorize the morphologies into surface and internal structures,and elucidate their roles in enhancing the electric output performance of devices.Moreover,we systematically classify the methodologies employed for morphological preparation into physical and chemical approaches,thereby furnishing a comprehensive survey of the diverse techniques.Subsequently,typical applications of TENGs with special morphology divided by energy harvesting and self-powered sensors are presented.Finally,an overview of the challenges and future trajectories pertinent to TENGs is conducted.Through this endeavor,the aim of this article is to catalyze the evolution of further strategies for enhancing performance of TENGs.展开更多
The Chinese cabbage seed used in this study was Xinfengkang 90. The tested seeds were treated with 1 000×g, 2 000×g and 4 000×g of hypergravity for 20, 40 and 60 min respectively. The Chinese cabbage le...The Chinese cabbage seed used in this study was Xinfengkang 90. The tested seeds were treated with 1 000×g, 2 000×g and 4 000×g of hypergravity for 20, 40 and 60 min respectively. The Chinese cabbage leaves were col ected at the early seedling stage for the determination of free proline content, POD activity and SOD activity. The results showed the free proline content was lowest in the seeds treated with 40-min 2 000-g gravity, while it was highest for the 60-min 4 000-g gravity treatment. Compared to the control, al the hypergravity treatments inhibited the synthesis of free proline. The POD activity was highest in the seeds treated with 20-min 1 000-g gravity, while it was lowest in the seeds treated with 60-min 2 000-g gravity. Considering the SOD activity, the 40-min 1 000-g gravity treatment was highest, and the 60-min 4 000-g gravity treatment was lowest. lt was indicated that appropriate hypergravity treatment was conducive to increasing the SOD activity.展开更多
[ Objective] The study aimed to reveal the effects of hypergravity on salt tolerance of wheat seedlings. [ Method ] The seed germination rate （Gr） and germination index （Gi） of wheat seedlings were measured under ...[ Objective] The study aimed to reveal the effects of hypergravity on salt tolerance of wheat seedlings. [ Method ] The seed germination rate （Gr） and germination index （Gi） of wheat seedlings were measured under hypergravity of 600 × g or 1 000 × g for 4 h and under the stress of 0.4% or 0.9% salt solution. The catalase （CAT） activity and malondialdehyde （MDA） content of wheat seedlings were also measured under 0.4% salt stress. [Result] Compared with seedlings in CK group （no hypergravity or salt stress）, the Gr and Gi of the seedlings in salt stress treatment decreased to different extents; while the Gr and Gi of the seedlings in treatment group （hypergravity and salt stress） increased compared with that in salt stress group. CAT in seedlings of hypergravity treatment was higher than that of CK group and 0.4% salt treatment group, meanwhile the MDA showed an opposite result. [ Conclusion] Hypergravity could enhance the salt resistance of wheat in specific range, and hypergravity of 600 × g for 4 h performed better than that of 1 000 ×g for 4 h.展开更多
BACKGROUND To assess the effectiveness of Shugan Jieyu capsules on peripheral blood miR-124,miR-132,and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)levels in patients with mild to moderate depression following coronary art...BACKGROUND To assess the effectiveness of Shugan Jieyu capsules on peripheral blood miR-124,miR-132,and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)levels in patients with mild to moderate depression following coronary artery intervention[percuta-neous coronary intervention(PCI)]for coronary heart disease.Patients with mild-to-moderate depression of the liver-qi stagnation type after PCI for coronary heart disease at the 305th Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army were enrolled from June 2022 to November 2023 and randomly assigned to two groups:Experimental(treated with Shugan Jieyu capsules)and control(tr-eated with escitalopram oxalate tablets).This study compared the antidepressant effects of these treatments using 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAMD-17)scores,metabolic equivalents,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,BDNF,high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels,miR-124 and miR-132 levels,distribution of immune-related lymphocyte subsets,and traditional Chinese me-dicine syndrome scores before and after 6 weeks of treatment.RESULTS No significant difference was observed in any index between the two groups before treatment(P>0.05).After treatment,the total efficacy rates were 93.33%and 90.00%in the experimental and control groups,respectively.Experimental group had significantly lower scores for the main and secondary syndromes compared to the control group(P<0.05).No significant difference was observed in the metabolic equivalents between the two groups be-fore and after treatment(P>0.05).The levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,high-sensitivity C-reactive pro-tein,and miR-132 were significantly lower,whereas those of miR-124,BDNF,CD3+T lymphocytes,CD3+CD4+T helper lymphocytes,and CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+cells were significantly higher in the experimental group com-pared to the control group(P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions during experimental group was signi-ficantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Shugan Jieyu capsules have good efficacy in patients with mild-to-moderate depression after PCI,and its me-chanism may contribute to the regulation of miR-124,miR-132,BDNF levels,and lymphoid immune cells.展开更多
Micro- and nano-plastics (MNPs) are tiny plastic particles resulting from plastic product degradation. Soil MNPs have been identified as potential influential factors affecting various soil properties and crop biomass...Micro- and nano-plastics (MNPs) are tiny plastic particles resulting from plastic product degradation. Soil MNPs have been identified as potential influential factors affecting various soil properties and crop biomass productivity. This mini-review provides a synthesis of recent findings concerning their effects on soil physicochemical properties, microorganisms, organic carbon content, soil nutrients, greenhouse gas emissions, soil fauna, and their impacts on plant ecophysiology, growth, and production. The results indicate that MNPs may markedly impede soil aggregation ability, increase porosity, decrease soil bulk density, enhance water retention capacity, influence soil pH and electrical conductivity, and escalate soil water evaporation. Exposure to MNPs may predominantly induce changes in soil microbial composition, reducing the diversity and complexity of microbial communities and microbial activity while enhancing soil organic carbon stability, influencing soil nutrient dynamics, and stimulating organic carbon decomposition and denitrification processes, leading to elevated soil respiration and methane emissions, and potentially decreasing soil nitrous oxide emission. Additionally, MNPs may adversely affect soil fauna, diminish seed germination rates, promote plant root growth, yet impair plant photosynthetic efficacy and biomass productivity. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the impacts and mechanistic foundations of MNPs. Future research avenues are suggested to further explore the impacts and economic implications.展开更多
Micro-/mesopore structures in carbon anode are highly desirable for increasing active sites and accelerating ion migration,favoring high capacity and rate performance.However,some structure-performance relationships s...Micro-/mesopore structures in carbon anode are highly desirable for increasing active sites and accelerating ion migration,favoring high capacity and rate performance.However,some structure-performance relationships still need to be clarified,and an in-depth understanding of how pore size and volume affect capacity and rate performance has rarely been mentioned.Herein,a series of carbon nanosheets with different micro-/mesopore sizes and volumes are precisely prepared.Detailed experimental analyses demonstrate that micropore volume rather than size is tightly responsible for capacity,resulting from its“accommodation effect”for ions.Conversely,mesopore size instead of volume is closely related to rate performance,which can be ascribed to its“channels effect”for ions.Capacity and rate performance first increase and then decrease with increasing micropore volume and mesopore size.In this work,the sample featured with the optimal micropore volume(1.6 cm^(3)·g^(-1))and mesopore size(2.55 nm)delivers the highest capacity(453 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.5 A·g^(-1))and excellent rate performance(235.1 mAh·g^(-1)at 2 A·g^(-1)).This work provides a new insight into the understanding of micro-/mesopore parameters and their effect on capacity and rate performance.展开更多
In the present work, osteoblast behavior on a hierarchical micro-/nano-structured titanium surface was investigated. A hi- erarchical hybrid micro-/nano-structured titanium surface topography was produced via Electrol...In the present work, osteoblast behavior on a hierarchical micro-/nano-structured titanium surface was investigated. A hi- erarchical hybrid micro-/nano-structured titanium surface topography was produced via Electrolytic Etching （EE）. MG-63 cells were cultured on disks for 2 h to 7 days. The osteoblast response to the hierarchical hybrid micro-/nano-structured titanium surface was evaluated through the osteoblast cell morphology, attachment and proliferation. For comparison, MG-63 cells were also cultured on Sandblasted and Acid-etched （SEA） as well as Machined （M） surfaces respectively. The results show signifi- cant differences in the adhesion rates and proliferation levels of MG-63 cells on EE, SLA, and M surfaces. Both adhesion rate and proliferation level on EE surface are higher than those on SLA and M surfaces. Therefore, we may expect that, comparing with SLA and M surfaces, bone growth on EE surface could be accelerated and bone formation could be promoted at an early stage, which could be applied in the clinical practices for immediate and early-stage loadings.展开更多
In this paper,macro-and micro-properties of natural marine clay in two different and representative regions of China are investigated in detail.In addition to in-situ tests,soil samples are collected by use of Shelby ...In this paper,macro-and micro-properties of natural marine clay in two different and representative regions of China are investigated in detail.In addition to in-situ tests,soil samples are collected by use of Shelby tubes for laboratory examination in Shanghai and Zhuhai respectively,two coastal cities in China.In the laboratory tests,macro-properties such as consolidation characteristics and undrained shear strength are measured.Moreover,X-ray diffraction test,scanning electron microscope test,and mercury intrusion test are carried out for the investigation of their micro-properties including clay minerals and microstructure.The study shows that：（1）both clays are Holocene series formations,classified as either normal or underconsolidated soils.The initial gradient of the stress-strain curves shows their increase with increasing consolidation pressure;however,the Shanghai and the Zhuhai clays are both structural soils with the latter shown to be more structured than the former.As a result,the Zhuhai clay shows strain softening behavior at low confining pressures,but strain hardening at high pressures.In contrast,the Shanghai clay mainly manifests strain-hardening.（2）An activity ranges from 0.75 to 1.30 for the Shanghai marine clay and from 0.5 to 0.85 for the Zhuhai marine clay.The main clay mineral is illite in the Shanghai clay and kaolinite in the Zhuhai clay.The Zhuhai clay is mainly characterized by a flocculated structure,while the typical Shanghai clay shows a dispersed structure.The porous structure of the Shanghai clay is characterized mainly by large and medium-sized pores,while the Zhuhai clay porous structure is mainly featured by small and medium-sized pores.The differences in their macro-and micro-properties can be attributed to different sedimentation environments.展开更多
Versatile liquid manipulating surfaces combining patternable and controllable wettability have recently motivated considerable attention owing to their significant advantages in droplet-solid impacting behaviors,micro...Versatile liquid manipulating surfaces combining patternable and controllable wettability have recently motivated considerable attention owing to their significant advantages in droplet-solid impacting behaviors,microdroplet self-removal,and liquid–liquid interface reaction applications.However,developing a facile and efficient method to fabricate these versatile surfaces remains an enormous challenge.In this paper,a strategy for the fabrication of liquid manipulating surfaces with patternable and controllable wettability on Polyimide(PI)film based on femtosecond laser thermal accumulation engineering is proposed.Because of its controllable micro-/nanostructures and chemical composition through adjusting the local thermal accumulation,the wettability of PI film can be tuned from superhydrophilicity(~3.6°)to superhydrophobicity(~151.6°).Furthermore,three diverse surfaces with patternable and heterogeneous wettability were constructed and various applications were successfully realized,including water transport,droplet arrays,and liquid wells.This work may provide a facile strategy for achieving patternable and controllable wettability efficiently and developing multifunctional liquid steering surfaces.展开更多
Electrochemiluminescence(ECL) is a kind of luminescent phenomenon caused by electrochemical reactions. Based on the advantages of ECL including low background, high sensitivity, strong spatiotemporal controllability a...Electrochemiluminescence(ECL) is a kind of luminescent phenomenon caused by electrochemical reactions. Based on the advantages of ECL including low background, high sensitivity, strong spatiotemporal controllability and simple operation, ECL imaging is able to visualize the ECL process,which can additionally achieve high throughput, fast and visual analysis. With the development of optical imaging technique, ECL imaging at micro-or nanoscale has been successfully applied in immunoassay,cell imaging, biochemical analysis, single-nanoparticle detection and study of mechanisms and kinetics of reactions, which has attracted extensive attention. In this review, the basic principles and apparatus of ECL imaging were briefly introduced at first. Then several latest and representative applications of ECL imaging based on nanomaterials and micro-/nanostructures were overviewed. Finally, the superiorities and challenges in ECL imaging for further development were discussed.展开更多
Treatment of petroleum spills and organic solvent pollution in general is an important issue; several techniques are under development to remove oil from water. The use of absorbents is one of the most common techniqu...Treatment of petroleum spills and organic solvent pollution in general is an important issue; several techniques are under development to remove oil from water. The use of absorbents is one of the most common techniques to tackle this problem. These absorbents can be classified based on their characteristics of recyclability into irreversible and reversible ones. In this review, we discuss the application of several materials as oil absorbents, according to their classification and characteristics such as hydrophobicity, surface area and oil absorption capacity. Also, the fabrication methods for some materials are presented and analyzed.展开更多
Efficient synthesis of transition metal hydroxides on conductive substrate is essential for enhancing their merits in industrialization of energy storage field.However,most of the synthetic routes at present mainly re...Efficient synthesis of transition metal hydroxides on conductive substrate is essential for enhancing their merits in industrialization of energy storage field.However,most of the synthetic routes at present mainly rely on traditional bottom-up method,which involves tedious steps,time-consuming treatments,or additional alkaline media,and is unfavorable for high-efficiency production.Herein,we present a facile,ultrafast and general avenue to synthesize transition metal hydroxides on carbon substrate within 13 s by Joule-heating method.With high reaction kinetics caused by the instantaneous high temperature,seven kinds of transition metal-layered hydroxides(TM-LDHs)are formed on carbon cloth.Therein,the fastest synthesis rate reaches~0.46 cm^(2)s^(-1).Density functional theory calculations further demonstrate the nucleation energy barriers and potential mechanism for the formation of metal-based hydroxides on carbon substrates.This efficient approach avoids the use of extra agents,multiple steps,and long production time and endows the LDHs@carbon cloth with outstanding flexibility and machinability,showing practical advantages in both common and micro-zinc ion-based energy storage devices.To prove its utility,as a cathode in rechargeable aqueous alkaline Zn(micro-)battery,the NiCo LDH@carbon cloth exhibits a high energy density,superior to most transition metal LDH materials reported so far.展开更多
Partially graphitic micro- and mesoporous carbon microspheres （GMMCMs） were synthesized using hydrotbermal emulsion polymerization followed by KOH activation and catalytic graphitization. The resulting GMMCMs show m...Partially graphitic micro- and mesoporous carbon microspheres （GMMCMs） were synthesized using hydrotbermal emulsion polymerization followed by KOH activation and catalytic graphitization. The resulting GMMCMs show micro- and mesopores with a specific surface area of 1113 m2/g, regular spherical shape with diameters of 0.5-1.0 μm and a partially graphitic structure with a low internal resistance of 0.34 Ω. The graphitic carbons as electrode for supercapacitor exhibit a fast ion-transport and rapid charge-discharge feature, and a high-rate electrochemical performance. The typical GMMCM electrode shows a specific capacitance of 220 F/g at 1.0 A/g, and 185 F/g under a high current density of 20.0 A/g in a 6 mol/L KOH electrolyte.展开更多
By conducting experimental analyses, including thermal pyrolysis, micro-/nano-CT, argon-ion polishing field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and two-dimensiona...By conducting experimental analyses, including thermal pyrolysis, micro-/nano-CT, argon-ion polishing field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR), the Gulong shale oil in the Songliao Basin was investigated with respect to formation model, pore structure and accumulation mechanism. First, in the Gulong shale, there are a large number of pico-algae, nano-algae and dinoflagellates, which were formed in brackish water environment and constituted the hydrogen-rich oil source materials of shale. Second, most of the oil-generating materials of the Qingshankou Formation shale exist in the form of organo-clay complex. During organic matter thermal evolution, clay minerals had double effects of suppression and catalytic hydrogenation, which expanded shale oil window and increased light hydrocarbon yield. Third, the formation of storage space in the Gulong Shale was related to dissolution and hydrocarbon generation. With the diagenesis, micro-/nano-pores increased, pore diameter decreased and more bedding fractures appeared, which jointly gave rise to the unique reservoir with dual media (i.e. nano-scale pores and micro-scale bedding fractures) in the Gulong shale. Fourth, the micro-/nano-scale oil storage unit in the Gulong shale exhibits independent oil/gas occurrence phase, and shows that all-size pores contain oils, which occur in condensate state in micropores or in oil-gas two phase (or liquid) state in macropores/mesopores. The understanding about Gulong shale oil formation and accumulation mechanism has theoretical and practical significance for advancing continental shale oil exploration in China.展开更多
A facile scalable synthesis of hierarchical Sb/C micro-/nanohybrid has been addressed in this work, which possesses the advantages of both micrometer and nanometer scale structures as lithium-ion battery anode. Difunc...A facile scalable synthesis of hierarchical Sb/C micro-/nanohybrid has been addressed in this work, which possesses the advantages of both micrometer and nanometer scale structures as lithium-ion battery anode. Difunctional methacrylate monomers are used as solvent and carbon source as well. Liquid precursor of antimony（III） n-butoxide is dissolved in the resin monomer solution, and further incorporated into the cross-linking polymer network via photo polymerization. Through calcination in argon/hydrogen atmosphere, antimony nanoparticles are in situ formed by carbothermal reduction, and homogeneously embedded in the in situ formed micrometer sized carbon matrix. The morphology, structure, crys- tallinity, spatial dispersion, composition, and electrochemical performance of the Sb/C micro-/nanohybrid are systemati- cally investigated. The cyclic and rate performance of the Sb/C micro-/nanohybrid anode have been effectively improved compared to the pure carbon anode. A reversible capacity of 362 mAh g-1 is achieved with a reasonable mass loading density after 300 cycles at 66 mA g-1, corresponding to capacity retention of 79%. With reducing mass loading density, the reversible capacity reaches 793 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles. Moreover, the electrochemical performance of Sb/C micro-/nanohybrid as sodium-ion battery anode is also investigated in this study.展开更多
Microand nano-sized SiC/fluoroelastomer （FKM） composites were prepared by a mechanical mixing method. These composites were first characterized by a rotorless rheometer. Then the effects of micro- and nano-sized SiC...Microand nano-sized SiC/fluoroelastomer （FKM） composites were prepared by a mechanical mixing method. These composites were first characterized by a rotorless rheometer. Then the effects of micro- and nano-sized SiC on hardness, static and dynamic mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. The increasing amount of the SiC filler increased the curing efficiency of the biphenyl curing system, which was evident from the rheometric properties of the resulting composites. The tensile properties of composite increased with the increasing of micro- and nano-sized SiC content. When the micro- and nano-sized SiC content was higher than 20 phr, the composites showed almost unchanged tensile properties. The increasing of the tensile property was mainly attributed to the well dispersed micro- and nano-sized SiC particles characterized by SEM images. Compared to pure FKM, the composites exhibited a higher glass transition temperature and lower tan peak value.展开更多
基金supported by the US National Science Foundation(Grant No.CMMI-1538211)。
文摘Hypergravity can be realized by creating a field imposed by centripetal acceleration in a centrifuge apparatus.Such an apparatus is often used to test soil response in geotechnical engineering problems.Here we present the potential usage of a centrifuge apparatus to study various topics in hydrodynamics.The scaling law associated with hydrodynamics is first reviewed,and the advantage of controlling the body force is described.One of the perceived disadvantages in such experiments is the unwanted presence of the Coriolis effect in the centrifuge.However,we propose exploiting this effect to our advantage to study geophysical fluid-dynamic problems that occur particularly in the equatorial region.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11925206,51988101,and 12272340)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LD21A020002).
文摘In order to comprehensively understand the mechanical behavior of biological entities and aerospace applications subjected to hypergravity environments,we delve into the impact of hypergravity on the equivalent compliance of cubic lattice structures.Capitalizing on the periodic spatial distribution,we employ a unit cell methodology to deduce the homogenized stress-strain relationship for the lattice structures,subsequently obtaining the associated equivalent compliance.The equivalent compliance can be conveniently reduced to instances without hypergravity influence.Furthermore,numerical simulations are executed to validate the derivations and to illustrate that hypergravity indeed affects the mechanical properties of lattice structures.We introduce a non-dimensional hypergravity factor,which quantifies the impact of hypergravity magnitude relative to the Young’s modulus of the base material.Our findings reveal that the hypergravity factor influences perpendicular compliance quadratically and parallel compliance linearly.Simultaneously,the perpendicular shear compliance remains unaffected,whereas the parallel shear compliance experiences an inverse effect.Additionally,the lattice structure transforms into a gradient material oriented in the hypergravity direction,consequently generating a scale effect.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2024A1515010639)PolyU Postdoc Matching Fund Scheme(No.1-W327),PolyU Grant(No.1-CE0H)+3 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.ZDSYS20220606100406016)Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonics and Biophotonics(No.ZDSYS20210623092006020)National Key Laboratory of Green and Long-Life Road Engineering in Extreme Environment(Shenzhen)(No.868-000003010103)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52208272)。
文摘Fueled by the increasing imperative for sustainable energy solutions and the burgeoning emphasis on health awareness,self-powered techniques have undergone notable strides in advancement.Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)stand out as a prominent device capitalizing on the principles of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction to generate electricity or electrical signals.In efforts to augment the electrical output performance of TENGs and broaden their range of applications,researchers have endeavored to refine materials,surface morphology,and structural design.Among them,physical morphological modifications play a pivotal role in enhancing the electrical properties of TENGs by increasing the contact surface area,which can be achieved by building micro-/nano-structures on the surface or inside the friction material.In this review,we summarize the common morphologies of TENGs,categorize the morphologies into surface and internal structures,and elucidate their roles in enhancing the electric output performance of devices.Moreover,we systematically classify the methodologies employed for morphological preparation into physical and chemical approaches,thereby furnishing a comprehensive survey of the diverse techniques.Subsequently,typical applications of TENGs with special morphology divided by energy harvesting and self-powered sensors are presented.Finally,an overview of the challenges and future trajectories pertinent to TENGs is conducted.Through this endeavor,the aim of this article is to catalyze the evolution of further strategies for enhancing performance of TENGs.
基金Supported by Shanxi Natural Science Foundation(20031067)~~
文摘The Chinese cabbage seed used in this study was Xinfengkang 90. The tested seeds were treated with 1 000×g, 2 000×g and 4 000×g of hypergravity for 20, 40 and 60 min respectively. The Chinese cabbage leaves were col ected at the early seedling stage for the determination of free proline content, POD activity and SOD activity. The results showed the free proline content was lowest in the seeds treated with 40-min 2 000-g gravity, while it was highest for the 60-min 4 000-g gravity treatment. Compared to the control, al the hypergravity treatments inhibited the synthesis of free proline. The POD activity was highest in the seeds treated with 20-min 1 000-g gravity, while it was lowest in the seeds treated with 60-min 2 000-g gravity. Considering the SOD activity, the 40-min 1 000-g gravity treatment was highest, and the 60-min 4 000-g gravity treatment was lowest. lt was indicated that appropriate hypergravity treatment was conducive to increasing the SOD activity.
基金the Start-up Research Grant of Excellent Talent in ZhongKai University of Agriculture and Engineering (G2360250)Shanxi Natural Science Foundation (20031067)~~
文摘[ Objective] The study aimed to reveal the effects of hypergravity on salt tolerance of wheat seedlings. [ Method ] The seed germination rate （Gr） and germination index （Gi） of wheat seedlings were measured under hypergravity of 600 × g or 1 000 × g for 4 h and under the stress of 0.4% or 0.9% salt solution. The catalase （CAT） activity and malondialdehyde （MDA） content of wheat seedlings were also measured under 0.4% salt stress. [Result] Compared with seedlings in CK group （no hypergravity or salt stress）, the Gr and Gi of the seedlings in salt stress treatment decreased to different extents; while the Gr and Gi of the seedlings in treatment group （hypergravity and salt stress） increased compared with that in salt stress group. CAT in seedlings of hypergravity treatment was higher than that of CK group and 0.4% salt treatment group, meanwhile the MDA showed an opposite result. [ Conclusion] Hypergravity could enhance the salt resistance of wheat in specific range, and hypergravity of 600 × g for 4 h performed better than that of 1 000 ×g for 4 h.
基金the 305 Hospital Independent Scientific Research Fund,2024,No.24ZZJJLW-022.
文摘BACKGROUND To assess the effectiveness of Shugan Jieyu capsules on peripheral blood miR-124,miR-132,and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)levels in patients with mild to moderate depression following coronary artery intervention[percuta-neous coronary intervention(PCI)]for coronary heart disease.Patients with mild-to-moderate depression of the liver-qi stagnation type after PCI for coronary heart disease at the 305th Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army were enrolled from June 2022 to November 2023 and randomly assigned to two groups:Experimental(treated with Shugan Jieyu capsules)and control(tr-eated with escitalopram oxalate tablets).This study compared the antidepressant effects of these treatments using 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAMD-17)scores,metabolic equivalents,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,BDNF,high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels,miR-124 and miR-132 levels,distribution of immune-related lymphocyte subsets,and traditional Chinese me-dicine syndrome scores before and after 6 weeks of treatment.RESULTS No significant difference was observed in any index between the two groups before treatment(P>0.05).After treatment,the total efficacy rates were 93.33%and 90.00%in the experimental and control groups,respectively.Experimental group had significantly lower scores for the main and secondary syndromes compared to the control group(P<0.05).No significant difference was observed in the metabolic equivalents between the two groups be-fore and after treatment(P>0.05).The levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,high-sensitivity C-reactive pro-tein,and miR-132 were significantly lower,whereas those of miR-124,BDNF,CD3+T lymphocytes,CD3+CD4+T helper lymphocytes,and CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+cells were significantly higher in the experimental group com-pared to the control group(P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions during experimental group was signi-ficantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Shugan Jieyu capsules have good efficacy in patients with mild-to-moderate depression after PCI,and its me-chanism may contribute to the regulation of miR-124,miR-132,BDNF levels,and lymphoid immune cells.
文摘Micro- and nano-plastics (MNPs) are tiny plastic particles resulting from plastic product degradation. Soil MNPs have been identified as potential influential factors affecting various soil properties and crop biomass productivity. This mini-review provides a synthesis of recent findings concerning their effects on soil physicochemical properties, microorganisms, organic carbon content, soil nutrients, greenhouse gas emissions, soil fauna, and their impacts on plant ecophysiology, growth, and production. The results indicate that MNPs may markedly impede soil aggregation ability, increase porosity, decrease soil bulk density, enhance water retention capacity, influence soil pH and electrical conductivity, and escalate soil water evaporation. Exposure to MNPs may predominantly induce changes in soil microbial composition, reducing the diversity and complexity of microbial communities and microbial activity while enhancing soil organic carbon stability, influencing soil nutrient dynamics, and stimulating organic carbon decomposition and denitrification processes, leading to elevated soil respiration and methane emissions, and potentially decreasing soil nitrous oxide emission. Additionally, MNPs may adversely affect soil fauna, diminish seed germination rates, promote plant root growth, yet impair plant photosynthetic efficacy and biomass productivity. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the impacts and mechanistic foundations of MNPs. Future research avenues are suggested to further explore the impacts and economic implications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52002111 and 52474318)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Nos.E2024208054,E2024208087 and B2022208006)+3 种基金the S&T Program of Hebei(Nos.242Q4402Z)the Science Foundation of University of Hebei Province(No.JZX2024025)Beijing Nova Program(No.Z211100002121082)the Interdisciplinary Research Project for Young Teachers of USTB,Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.FRF-IDRY-GD23-005).
文摘Micro-/mesopore structures in carbon anode are highly desirable for increasing active sites and accelerating ion migration,favoring high capacity and rate performance.However,some structure-performance relationships still need to be clarified,and an in-depth understanding of how pore size and volume affect capacity and rate performance has rarely been mentioned.Herein,a series of carbon nanosheets with different micro-/mesopore sizes and volumes are precisely prepared.Detailed experimental analyses demonstrate that micropore volume rather than size is tightly responsible for capacity,resulting from its“accommodation effect”for ions.Conversely,mesopore size instead of volume is closely related to rate performance,which can be ascribed to its“channels effect”for ions.Capacity and rate performance first increase and then decrease with increasing micropore volume and mesopore size.In this work,the sample featured with the optimal micropore volume(1.6 cm^(3)·g^(-1))and mesopore size(2.55 nm)delivers the highest capacity(453 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.5 A·g^(-1))and excellent rate performance(235.1 mAh·g^(-1)at 2 A·g^(-1)).This work provides a new insight into the understanding of micro-/mesopore parameters and their effect on capacity and rate performance.
文摘In the present work, osteoblast behavior on a hierarchical micro-/nano-structured titanium surface was investigated. A hi- erarchical hybrid micro-/nano-structured titanium surface topography was produced via Electrolytic Etching （EE）. MG-63 cells were cultured on disks for 2 h to 7 days. The osteoblast response to the hierarchical hybrid micro-/nano-structured titanium surface was evaluated through the osteoblast cell morphology, attachment and proliferation. For comparison, MG-63 cells were also cultured on Sandblasted and Acid-etched （SEA） as well as Machined （M） surfaces respectively. The results show signifi- cant differences in the adhesion rates and proliferation levels of MG-63 cells on EE, SLA, and M surfaces. Both adhesion rate and proliferation level on EE surface are higher than those on SLA and M surfaces. Therefore, we may expect that, comparing with SLA and M surfaces, bone growth on EE surface could be accelerated and bone formation could be promoted at an early stage, which could be applied in the clinical practices for immediate and early-stage loadings.
基金supported bythe National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50679057)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program,Grnat No.2006AA11Z102)+1 种基金the Shanghai Pujiang Program(Grant No.06PJ14088)the Zhuhai city Science Technology Program(Grant No.PA200310064)
文摘In this paper,macro-and micro-properties of natural marine clay in two different and representative regions of China are investigated in detail.In addition to in-situ tests,soil samples are collected by use of Shelby tubes for laboratory examination in Shanghai and Zhuhai respectively,two coastal cities in China.In the laboratory tests,macro-properties such as consolidation characteristics and undrained shear strength are measured.Moreover,X-ray diffraction test,scanning electron microscope test,and mercury intrusion test are carried out for the investigation of their micro-properties including clay minerals and microstructure.The study shows that：（1）both clays are Holocene series formations,classified as either normal or underconsolidated soils.The initial gradient of the stress-strain curves shows their increase with increasing consolidation pressure;however,the Shanghai and the Zhuhai clays are both structural soils with the latter shown to be more structured than the former.As a result,the Zhuhai clay shows strain softening behavior at low confining pressures,but strain hardening at high pressures.In contrast,the Shanghai clay mainly manifests strain-hardening.（2）An activity ranges from 0.75 to 1.30 for the Shanghai marine clay and from 0.5 to 0.85 for the Zhuhai marine clay.The main clay mineral is illite in the Shanghai clay and kaolinite in the Zhuhai clay.The Zhuhai clay is mainly characterized by a flocculated structure,while the typical Shanghai clay shows a dispersed structure.The porous structure of the Shanghai clay is characterized mainly by large and medium-sized pores,while the Zhuhai clay porous structure is mainly featured by small and medium-sized pores.The differences in their macro-and micro-properties can be attributed to different sedimentation environments.
基金This research is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52075557,51805553)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2021JJ20067)+1 种基金The Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(No.2021RC3011)Open access funding provided by Shanghai Jiao Tong University
文摘Versatile liquid manipulating surfaces combining patternable and controllable wettability have recently motivated considerable attention owing to their significant advantages in droplet-solid impacting behaviors,microdroplet self-removal,and liquid–liquid interface reaction applications.However,developing a facile and efficient method to fabricate these versatile surfaces remains an enormous challenge.In this paper,a strategy for the fabrication of liquid manipulating surfaces with patternable and controllable wettability on Polyimide(PI)film based on femtosecond laser thermal accumulation engineering is proposed.Because of its controllable micro-/nanostructures and chemical composition through adjusting the local thermal accumulation,the wettability of PI film can be tuned from superhydrophilicity(~3.6°)to superhydrophobicity(~151.6°).Furthermore,three diverse surfaces with patternable and heterogeneous wettability were constructed and various applications were successfully realized,including water transport,droplet arrays,and liquid wells.This work may provide a facile strategy for achieving patternable and controllable wettability efficiently and developing multifunctional liquid steering surfaces.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21575126 and 21874117)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (No. LZ18B050001)
文摘Electrochemiluminescence(ECL) is a kind of luminescent phenomenon caused by electrochemical reactions. Based on the advantages of ECL including low background, high sensitivity, strong spatiotemporal controllability and simple operation, ECL imaging is able to visualize the ECL process,which can additionally achieve high throughput, fast and visual analysis. With the development of optical imaging technique, ECL imaging at micro-or nanoscale has been successfully applied in immunoassay,cell imaging, biochemical analysis, single-nanoparticle detection and study of mechanisms and kinetics of reactions, which has attracted extensive attention. In this review, the basic principles and apparatus of ECL imaging were briefly introduced at first. Then several latest and representative applications of ECL imaging based on nanomaterials and micro-/nanostructures were overviewed. Finally, the superiorities and challenges in ECL imaging for further development were discussed.
基金the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (Monterrey city, Mexico) for financial support (Project Paicyt-2015)
文摘Treatment of petroleum spills and organic solvent pollution in general is an important issue; several techniques are under development to remove oil from water. The use of absorbents is one of the most common techniques to tackle this problem. These absorbents can be classified based on their characteristics of recyclability into irreversible and reversible ones. In this review, we discuss the application of several materials as oil absorbents, according to their classification and characteristics such as hydrophobicity, surface area and oil absorption capacity. Also, the fabrication methods for some materials are presented and analyzed.
基金the NSFC(22075019)National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFB1104300)。
文摘Efficient synthesis of transition metal hydroxides on conductive substrate is essential for enhancing their merits in industrialization of energy storage field.However,most of the synthetic routes at present mainly rely on traditional bottom-up method,which involves tedious steps,time-consuming treatments,or additional alkaline media,and is unfavorable for high-efficiency production.Herein,we present a facile,ultrafast and general avenue to synthesize transition metal hydroxides on carbon substrate within 13 s by Joule-heating method.With high reaction kinetics caused by the instantaneous high temperature,seven kinds of transition metal-layered hydroxides(TM-LDHs)are formed on carbon cloth.Therein,the fastest synthesis rate reaches~0.46 cm^(2)s^(-1).Density functional theory calculations further demonstrate the nucleation energy barriers and potential mechanism for the formation of metal-based hydroxides on carbon substrates.This efficient approach avoids the use of extra agents,multiple steps,and long production time and endows the LDHs@carbon cloth with outstanding flexibility and machinability,showing practical advantages in both common and micro-zinc ion-based energy storage devices.To prove its utility,as a cathode in rechargeable aqueous alkaline Zn(micro-)battery,the NiCo LDH@carbon cloth exhibits a high energy density,superior to most transition metal LDH materials reported so far.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21207099, 21273162)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality, China (Nos. 11nm0501000, 12ZR1451100)+1 种基金Key Subject of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (No. J50102)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2011KJ023)
文摘Partially graphitic micro- and mesoporous carbon microspheres （GMMCMs） were synthesized using hydrotbermal emulsion polymerization followed by KOH activation and catalytic graphitization. The resulting GMMCMs show micro- and mesopores with a specific surface area of 1113 m2/g, regular spherical shape with diameters of 0.5-1.0 μm and a partially graphitic structure with a low internal resistance of 0.34 Ω. The graphitic carbons as electrode for supercapacitor exhibit a fast ion-transport and rapid charge-discharge feature, and a high-rate electrochemical performance. The typical GMMCM electrode shows a specific capacitance of 220 F/g at 1.0 A/g, and 185 F/g under a high current density of 20.0 A/g in a 6 mol/L KOH electrolyte.
基金Supported by the Central Guiding Local Science and Technology Development Special Project(ZY20B13)。
文摘By conducting experimental analyses, including thermal pyrolysis, micro-/nano-CT, argon-ion polishing field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR), the Gulong shale oil in the Songliao Basin was investigated with respect to formation model, pore structure and accumulation mechanism. First, in the Gulong shale, there are a large number of pico-algae, nano-algae and dinoflagellates, which were formed in brackish water environment and constituted the hydrogen-rich oil source materials of shale. Second, most of the oil-generating materials of the Qingshankou Formation shale exist in the form of organo-clay complex. During organic matter thermal evolution, clay minerals had double effects of suppression and catalytic hydrogenation, which expanded shale oil window and increased light hydrocarbon yield. Third, the formation of storage space in the Gulong Shale was related to dissolution and hydrocarbon generation. With the diagenesis, micro-/nano-pores increased, pore diameter decreased and more bedding fractures appeared, which jointly gave rise to the unique reservoir with dual media (i.e. nano-scale pores and micro-scale bedding fractures) in the Gulong shale. Fourth, the micro-/nano-scale oil storage unit in the Gulong shale exhibits independent oil/gas occurrence phase, and shows that all-size pores contain oils, which occur in condensate state in micropores or in oil-gas two phase (or liquid) state in macropores/mesopores. The understanding about Gulong shale oil formation and accumulation mechanism has theoretical and practical significance for advancing continental shale oil exploration in China.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51702335)open project of the Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science(No.20140138)+1 种基金the CASEU S&T cooperation partner program(No.174433KYSB20150013)the Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials of Zhejiang Province
文摘A facile scalable synthesis of hierarchical Sb/C micro-/nanohybrid has been addressed in this work, which possesses the advantages of both micrometer and nanometer scale structures as lithium-ion battery anode. Difunctional methacrylate monomers are used as solvent and carbon source as well. Liquid precursor of antimony（III） n-butoxide is dissolved in the resin monomer solution, and further incorporated into the cross-linking polymer network via photo polymerization. Through calcination in argon/hydrogen atmosphere, antimony nanoparticles are in situ formed by carbothermal reduction, and homogeneously embedded in the in situ formed micrometer sized carbon matrix. The morphology, structure, crys- tallinity, spatial dispersion, composition, and electrochemical performance of the Sb/C micro-/nanohybrid are systemati- cally investigated. The cyclic and rate performance of the Sb/C micro-/nanohybrid anode have been effectively improved compared to the pure carbon anode. A reversible capacity of 362 mAh g-1 is achieved with a reasonable mass loading density after 300 cycles at 66 mA g-1, corresponding to capacity retention of 79%. With reducing mass loading density, the reversible capacity reaches 793 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles. Moreover, the electrochemical performance of Sb/C micro-/nanohybrid as sodium-ion battery anode is also investigated in this study.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50979016)
文摘Microand nano-sized SiC/fluoroelastomer （FKM） composites were prepared by a mechanical mixing method. These composites were first characterized by a rotorless rheometer. Then the effects of micro- and nano-sized SiC on hardness, static and dynamic mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. The increasing amount of the SiC filler increased the curing efficiency of the biphenyl curing system, which was evident from the rheometric properties of the resulting composites. The tensile properties of composite increased with the increasing of micro- and nano-sized SiC content. When the micro- and nano-sized SiC content was higher than 20 phr, the composites showed almost unchanged tensile properties. The increasing of the tensile property was mainly attributed to the well dispersed micro- and nano-sized SiC particles characterized by SEM images. Compared to pure FKM, the composites exhibited a higher glass transition temperature and lower tan peak value.
