A strong interface coupling is of vital importance to develop metal oxide/carbon nanocomposite anodes for next-generation lithium ion batteries.Herein,a rational N-doped carb on riveting strategy is designed to boost ...A strong interface coupling is of vital importance to develop metal oxide/carbon nanocomposite anodes for next-generation lithium ion batteries.Herein,a rational N-doped carb on riveting strategy is designed to boost the lithium storage performance of Fe3O4/N-doped carbon tubular structures.Poly pyrrole(PPy)has been used as the precursor for N-doped carbon.N-doped carbon-riveted Fe3O4/N-doped carbon(N-C@Fe3O4@N-C)nanocomposites were obtained by pyrolysis of PPy-coated FeOOH@PPy nanotubes in Ar atmosphere.When tested as an anode for LIBs,the N-C@Fe3O4@N-C displays a high reversible discharge capacity of 675.8 mA h g-1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g-1 and very good rate capability(470 mA h g_1 at 2 A g-1),which significantly surpasses the performance of Fe3O4@N-C.TEM analysis reveals that after battery cycling the FeOx particles detached from the carbon fibers for Fe3O4@N-C,while for N-C@Fe3O4@N-C the FeOx particles were still trapped in the carbon matrix,thus preserving good electrical contact.Consequently,the superior performance of N-C@Fe3C)4@N-C is attributed to the synergistic effect between Fe3O4 and N-doped carbon combined with the unique structure properties of the nanocomposites.The strategy reported in this work is expected to be applicable for designing other electrode materials for LIBs.展开更多
In this study,hierarchical Ag/La2 O2 CO3 micro/nanostructures(MNSs)were synthesized by in situ loading Ag nanoparticles(NPs)on the surface of the La2 O2 CO3 MNSs.The prepared La2 O2 CO3 MNSs present flower-like shape ...In this study,hierarchical Ag/La2 O2 CO3 micro/nanostructures(MNSs)were synthesized by in situ loading Ag nanoparticles(NPs)on the surface of the La2 O2 CO3 MNSs.The prepared La2 O2 CO3 MNSs present flower-like shape and can be tuned by the molar ratio of La(NO3)3 and CO(NH2)2.In the molar ratio of 1:2 to 1:55,the La2 O2 CO3 MNSs mainly consist of polyhedral rods,irregular rods and irregular spindles and their size is about 10,8 and 7μm,respectively.After loading Ag NPs,the spindle-like Ag/La2 O2 CO3 MNSs were used for phosphate removal and antibacterial activity.At the initial phosphate concentration of20 mg/L,the removal rate is 59.6%.The Ag/La2 O2 CO3 MNSs have significant antibacterial activity and their MIC values for S.aureus and E.coli are 31.3 and 15.6μg/mL,respectively.The results indicate that Ag/La2 O2 CO3 MNSs may have good application prospects in open water to inhibit bacterial growth.展开更多
PANI copolymer micro/nanostructures with different surface wettability were obtained from the chemical oxidation copolymerization of aniline(Ani)with 2-ethyl aniline(EA)at diverse[EA]/[Ani+EA]molar ratios,by employing...PANI copolymer micro/nanostructures with different surface wettability were obtained from the chemical oxidation copolymerization of aniline(Ani)with 2-ethyl aniline(EA)at diverse[EA]/[Ani+EA]molar ratios,by employing ammonium persulfate as an oxidant.The results revealed that the poly(aniline-co-2-ethyl aniline)(PANI-EA)copolymer micro/nanostructures exhibited satisfactory anticorrosion performance for carbon steel,and the corrosion protection efficiency increased with the increase of water repellent property.Poly(2-ethyl aniline)(PEA)showed the largest contact angle(CA=145°)and show the best corrosion protection for the carbon steel(h=87.29%).It is found that the superior anticorrosion property of PEA is attributed to its high hydrophobicity,low conductivity and low porosity.展开更多
The peony-like CuO micro/nanostructures were fabricated by a facile hydrothermal approach. The peony- like CuO micro/nanostructures about 3 -5μm in diameter were assembled by CuO nanoplates. These CuO nanoplates, as ...The peony-like CuO micro/nanostructures were fabricated by a facile hydrothermal approach. The peony- like CuO micro/nanostructures about 3 -5μm in diameter were assembled by CuO nanoplates. These CuO nanoplates, as the building block, were self-assembled into multilayer structures under the action of ethidene diamine, and then grew into uniform peony-like CuO architecture. The novel peony-like CuO micro/nanostructures exhibit a high cycling stability and improved rate capability. The peony-like CuO microJnanostructures electrodes show a high reversible capacity of 456 mAhJg after 200 cycles, much higher than that of the commercial CuO nanocrystals at a current 0.1 C. The excellent electrochemical performance of peony-like CuO micro/nanostructures might be ascribed to the unique assembly structure, which not only provide large electrode/electrolyte contact area to accelerate the lithiation reaction, but also the interval between the multilayer structures of CuO nanoplates electrode could provide enough interior space to accommodate the volume change during Li insertion and de-insertion process,展开更多
Micro/nanostructured components play an important role in micro-optics and optical engineering,tribology and surface engineering,and biological and biomedical engineering,among other fields.Precision glass molding tec...Micro/nanostructured components play an important role in micro-optics and optical engineering,tribology and surface engineering,and biological and biomedical engineering,among other fields.Precision glass molding technology is the most efficient method of manufacturing micro/nanostructured glass components,the premise of which is meld manufacturing with complementary micro/nanostructures.Numerous mold manufacturing methods have been developed to fabricate extremely small and high-quality micro/nanostructures to satisfy the demands of functional micro/nanostructured glass components for various applications.Moreover,the service performance of the mold should also be carefully considered.This paper reviews a variety of technologies for manufacturing micro/nanostructured molds.The authors begin with an introduction of the extreme requirements of mold materials.The following section provides a detailed survey of the existing micro/nanostructured mold manufacturing techniques and their corresponding mold materials,including nonmechanical and mechanical methods.This paper concludes with a detailed discussion of the authors recent research on nickel-phosphorus(Ni-P)mold manufacturing and its service performance.展开更多
The lightness and high strength-to-weight ratio of the magnesium alloy have attracted more interest in various applications.However,micro/nanostructure generation on their surfaces remains a challenge due to the flamm...The lightness and high strength-to-weight ratio of the magnesium alloy have attracted more interest in various applications.However,micro/nanostructure generation on their surfaces remains a challenge due to the flammability and ignition.Motivated by this,this study proposed a machining process,named the ultraprecision diamond surface texturing process,to machine the micro/nanostructures on magnesium alloy surfaces.Experimental results showed the various microstructures and sawtooth-shaped nanostructures were successfully generated on the AZ31B magnesium alloy surfaces,demonstrating the effectiveness of this proposed machining process.Furthermore,sawtooth-shaped nanostructures had the function of inducing the optical effect and generating different colors on workpiece surfaces.The colorful letter and colorful flower image were clearly viewed on magnesium alloy surfaces.The corresponding cutting force,chip morphology,and tool wear were systematically investigated to understand the machining mechanism of micro/nanostructures on magnesium alloy surfaces.The proposed machining process can further improve the performances of the magnesium alloy and extend its functions to other fields,such as optics.展开更多
A simple hydrothermal route has been developed for the fabricating Zn O hierarchical micro/nanostructure with excellent reproducibility. SEM and TEM analysis show that the hierarchical rod is a single-crystal, suggest...A simple hydrothermal route has been developed for the fabricating Zn O hierarchical micro/nanostructure with excellent reproducibility. SEM and TEM analysis show that the hierarchical rod is a single-crystal, suggesting that many single-crystal micro/nanorods are assembled into Zn O hierarchical micro/nanostructures. The morphologies of the hierarchical rods can be conveniently tailored by changing the reaction parameters. And we also found citric acid plays a crucial role in the formation process of Zn O micro/nanostructures. Room-temperature photoluminescence spectra reveals that the Zn O hierarchical micro/nanostructures have a strong emission peak at 440 nm and several weak emission peaks at 420, 471 and541 nm, respectively.展开更多
This paper presents a probe-based force-controlled nanoindentation method to fabricate ordered micro/nanostructures.Both the experimental and finite element simulation approaches are employed to investigate the influe...This paper presents a probe-based force-controlled nanoindentation method to fabricate ordered micro/nanostructures.Both the experimental and finite element simulation approaches are employed to investigate the influence of the interval between the adjacent indentations and the rotation angle of the probe on the formed micro/nanostructures.The non-contacting part between indenter and the sample material and the height of the material pile-up are two competing factors to determine the depth relationship between the adjacent indentations.For the one array indentations,nanostructures with good depth consistency and periodicity can be formed after the depth of the indentation becoming stable,and the variation of the rotation angle results in the large difference between the morphology of the formed nanostructures at the bottom of the one array indentation.In addition,for the indentation arrays,the nanostructures with good consistency and periodicity of the shape and depth can be generated with the spacing greater than 1μm.Finally,Raman tests are also carried out based on the obtained ordered micro/nanostructures with Rhodamine probe molecule.The indentation arrays with a smaller spacing lead to better the enhancement effect of the substrate,which has the potential applications in the fields of biological or chemical molecular detection.展开更多
SiGe spheres with different diameters are successfully fabricated on a virtual SiGe template using a laser irradiation method.The results from scanning electron microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy reveal that the ...SiGe spheres with different diameters are successfully fabricated on a virtual SiGe template using a laser irradiation method.The results from scanning electron microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy reveal that the diameter and Ge composition of the SiGe spheres can be well controlled by adjusting the laser energy density.In addition,the transmission electron microscopy results show that Ge composition inside the SiGe spheres is almost uniform in a well-defined,nearly spherical outline.As a convenient method to prepare sphere-shaped SiGe micro/nanostructures with tunable Ge composition and size,this technique is expected to be useful for SiGe-based material growth and micro/optoelectronic device fabrication.展开更多
The ability to control the electrode interfaces in an electrochemical energy storage system is essential for achieving the desired electrochemical performance.However,achieving this ability requires an in-depth unders...The ability to control the electrode interfaces in an electrochemical energy storage system is essential for achieving the desired electrochemical performance.However,achieving this ability requires an in-depth understanding of the detailed interfacial nanostructures of the electrode under electrochemical operating conditions.In-situ transmission electron microscopy(TEM)is one of the most powerful techniques for revealing electrochemical energy storage mechanisms with high spatiotemporal resolution and high sensitivity in complex electrochemical environments.These attributes play a unique role in understanding how ion transport inside electrode nanomaterials and across interfaces under the dynamic conditions within working batteries.This review aims to gain an in-depth insight into the latest developments of in-situ TEM imaging techniques for probing the interfacial nanostructures of electrochemical energy storage systems,including atomic-scale structural imaging,strain field imaging,electron holography,and integrated differential phase contrast imaging.Significant examples will be described to highlight the fundamental understanding of atomic-scale and nanoscale mechanisms from employing state-of-the-art imaging techniques to visualize structural evolution,ionic valence state changes,and strain mapping,ion transport dynamics.The review concludes by providing a perspective discussion of future directions of the development and application of in-situ TEM techniques in the field of electrochemical energy storage systems.展开更多
The effects of gradient nanostructures induced by supersonic fine particle bombardment(SFPB)on the surface integrity,microstructural evolution,and mechanical properties of a Ni-W-Co-Ta medium-heavy alloy(MHA)were syst...The effects of gradient nanostructures induced by supersonic fine particle bombardment(SFPB)on the surface integrity,microstructural evolution,and mechanical properties of a Ni-W-Co-Ta medium-heavy alloy(MHA)were systematically investigated.The results show that gradient nanostructures are formed on the surface of Ni-W-Co-Ta MHA after SFPB treatment.At a gas pressure of 1.0 MPa and an impact time of 60 s,the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of the alloy reached the maximum values of 1236 MPa and 758 MPa,respectively,which are 22.5%and 38.8%higher than those of the solid solution treated alloy,and the elongation(46.3%)is close to that of the solid solution treated alloy,achieving the optimal strength–ductility synergy.However,microcracks appear on the surface with excessive gas pressure and impact time,generating the relaxed residual stress and decreased strength.With the increase of the impact time and gas pressure,the depth of the deformation layer and the surface microhardness gradually increase,reaching the maximum values(29μm and HV 451)at 1.0 MPa and 120 s.The surface grain size is refined to a minimum of 11.67 nm.Notably,SFPB treatment has no obvious effect on elongation,and the fracture mode changes from the ductile fracture before treatment to ductile–brittle mixed fracture after treatment.展开更多
Organic semiconductors have gradually become the super stars on the stage of optoelectronic materials, due to their low cost, flexibility and solution processability. Numerous organic semiconductors, including small m...Organic semiconductors have gradually become the super stars on the stage of optoelectronic materials, due to their low cost, flexibility and solution processability. Numerous organic semiconductors, including small molecules and conjugated polymers, have been designed and synthesized to explore the potential of organic materials in optoelectronic industry. One-dimensional micro/nanostructures of organic semiconductors generally have more ordered packing structure with fewer defects compared with thin films, and are thus thought to show intrinsic carrier mobility of organic materials. Moreover, the packing structure in micro/nanostructures is clear and relatively easy to analyze, which makes these micro/nanostructures a good platform to study structure-property relationship. Therefore, design of suitable organic molecules to form micro-/nanostructures and methods to obtain ideal micro/nanostructures for functional devices will be fully discussed in this mini review. Finally, the perspective and opportunity of 1D micro/nanostructured organic materials based OFETs in the near future are also addressed.展开更多
Organic single crystals hold great promise for the development of organic semiconductor materials,because they could reveal the intrinsic electronic properties of these materials,providing high-performance electronic ...Organic single crystals hold great promise for the development of organic semiconductor materials,because they could reveal the intrinsic electronic properties of these materials,providing high-performance electronic devices and probing the structureproperty relationships.This article reviews the preparation methods for organic single crystals or crystalline micro/nanostructures,including vapor phase growth methods and solution-processed methods,and summarizes a few methods employed in the fabrication of field-effect transistors along with dozens of examples concerning both small molecules and polymers with high field-effect performance.展开更多
Electrochemiluminescence(ECL) is a kind of luminescent phenomenon caused by electrochemical reactions. Based on the advantages of ECL including low background, high sensitivity, strong spatiotemporal controllability a...Electrochemiluminescence(ECL) is a kind of luminescent phenomenon caused by electrochemical reactions. Based on the advantages of ECL including low background, high sensitivity, strong spatiotemporal controllability and simple operation, ECL imaging is able to visualize the ECL process,which can additionally achieve high throughput, fast and visual analysis. With the development of optical imaging technique, ECL imaging at micro-or nanoscale has been successfully applied in immunoassay,cell imaging, biochemical analysis, single-nanoparticle detection and study of mechanisms and kinetics of reactions, which has attracted extensive attention. In this review, the basic principles and apparatus of ECL imaging were briefly introduced at first. Then several latest and representative applications of ECL imaging based on nanomaterials and micro-/nanostructures were overviewed. Finally, the superiorities and challenges in ECL imaging for further development were discussed.展开更多
In this paper, we report a rapid synthesis of piezoelectric ZnO-nanostructures and fabrication of the nanostructures- based power-generators demonstrating an energy conversion from an environmental mechanical/ultrason...In this paper, we report a rapid synthesis of piezoelectric ZnO-nanostructures and fabrication of the nanostructures- based power-generators demonstrating an energy conversion from an environmental mechanical/ultrasonic energy to an electrical energy. The ZnO nanostructures are grown on a silicon wafer by a modified chemical solution method （CSD, chemical-solution-deposition） with a two-step thermal-oxidation approach. The synthesis process can be completed within 1 h. By varying the mixture-ratio of Zn micro-particles in an oxalic acid solution with 0.75 mol/l concentration in the CSD process, the growth mechanism is well-controlled to synthesize three different types of ZnO-nanostructures （i.e., dandelion-like nanostructures, columnar nanostructures, and nanowires）. Furthermore, through oxidizing at different temperatures in the thermal-oxidation process, the featured geometry of the nanostructures （e.g., the length and diameter of a nanowire） is modified. The geometry, size, morphology, crystallization, and material phase of the modified nanostructures are characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Finally, the nanostructures are used to fabricate several micro power-generators. Through the piezoelectric effect, a maximum current density output of 0.28 μA cm-2 generated by a power-generator under an ultrasonic wave is observed.展开更多
Four electrochemical methods, cyclic voltammetric deposition, potentiostatic electrodeposition, multi-potential step electrodeposition and three-step electrodeposition, were used to fabricate Au micro/nanostructures o...Four electrochemical methods, cyclic voltammetric deposition, potentiostatic electrodeposition, multi-potential step electrodeposition and three-step electrodeposition, were used to fabricate Au micro/nanostructures on self-doped polyaniline nanofibers-coated glassy carbon electrodes (Au/nanoSPAN/GCEs). The Au micro/nanostructures deposited on the nanoSPAN-modified electrodes were shown by scanning electron microscopy to exhibit different morphologies, such as Au nanoparticle clusters, monodisperse nanoparticles and homogeneously dispersed flower-like microparticles, depending on the deposition method. This phenomenon demonstrates that control over the morphology of Au metal can be easily achieved by adjusting the electrodeposition method. The electrochemical behaviors of the Au/nanoSPAN/GCEs also varied with above four methods, which were characterized by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In comparison with Au nanoparticle clusters and monodisperse Au nanoparticles, homogeneously dispersed flower-like Au microparticles had the largest surface area and obviously enhanced electrochemical response towards the redox reactions of [Fe(CN)6]3–/4– on the modified electrode. DNA immobilization on the Au/nanoSPAN/GCEs was investigated by differential pulse voltammetry using [Fe(CN)6]3–/4– as an indicator. The efficiency of DNA immobilization was inherently related to their different Au micro/nanostructure morphologies. The Au/nano-SPAN/GCE fabricated by three-step electrodeposition showed the largest capacity for immobilization of single stranded DNA, which makes it a promising DNA biosensor.展开更多
Hydrothermal methods are widely used in chemical synthesis of target products with specific morphology and nanostructure.Those methods are very efficient for the preparation of well-controlled structures but the react...Hydrothermal methods are widely used in chemical synthesis of target products with specific morphology and nanostructure.Those methods are very efficient for the preparation of well-controlled structures but the reaction time is usually long.The assistance of microwave makes the reaction system heat up faster,more uniformly and reactions are accelerated,it also can be utilized to change the morphology or structure of materials,which improves the physic-chemical properties of synthesized products and influences its gas-sensing performance.Copper oxide(CuO)is widely applied in semiconductor gas sensors because of its good reactivity and stability.This review article briefly introduces the principle,mechanism and recent development of CuO nanostructures obtained by microwave-as sis ted hydrothermal synthesis(MWHS)process.It also discussed the relation between endopathic factors of material and its gas-sensitive performance.The technical challenges and prospective solutions for highperformance CuO-based gas-sensitive materials with unique nanostructure are proposed.It is pointed out that the hierarchical CuO-based nanostructures and their composite materials prepared by MWHS process are efficacious methods to improve the gas-sensitive performance of the materials.On the basis of the morphology,the materials are divided into nanorods,nanoflowers,nanosheets,nanospheres and other nanostructures.The influence of microwave parameters on the properties of synthetic products is analyzed.The influence followed by metal element loading on the structure and properties of CuO-based materials by MWHS process is further discussed.Then this review summarizes the research progress of graphene-CuO and metal oxide-CuO composites prepared by MWHS process in recent years.展开更多
Versatile liquid manipulating surfaces combining patternable and controllable wettability have recently motivated considerable attention owing to their significant advantages in droplet-solid impacting behaviors,micro...Versatile liquid manipulating surfaces combining patternable and controllable wettability have recently motivated considerable attention owing to their significant advantages in droplet-solid impacting behaviors,microdroplet self-removal,and liquid–liquid interface reaction applications.However,developing a facile and efficient method to fabricate these versatile surfaces remains an enormous challenge.In this paper,a strategy for the fabrication of liquid manipulating surfaces with patternable and controllable wettability on Polyimide(PI)film based on femtosecond laser thermal accumulation engineering is proposed.Because of its controllable micro-/nanostructures and chemical composition through adjusting the local thermal accumulation,the wettability of PI film can be tuned from superhydrophilicity(~3.6°)to superhydrophobicity(~151.6°).Furthermore,three diverse surfaces with patternable and heterogeneous wettability were constructed and various applications were successfully realized,including water transport,droplet arrays,and liquid wells.This work may provide a facile strategy for achieving patternable and controllable wettability efficiently and developing multifunctional liquid steering surfaces.展开更多
Micro/nanostructures play a key role in tuning the radiative properties of materials and have been applied to high-temperature energy conversion systems for improved performance.Among the various radiative properties,...Micro/nanostructures play a key role in tuning the radiative properties of materials and have been applied to high-temperature energy conversion systems for improved performance.Among the various radiative properties,spectral emittance is of integral importance for the design and analysis of materials that function as radiative absorbers or emitters.This paper presents an overview of the spectral emittance measurement techniques using both the direct and indirect methods.Besides,several micro/nanostructures are also introduced,and a special emphasis is placed on the emissometers developed for characterizing engineered micro/nanostructures in high-temperature applications(e.g.,solar energy conversion and thermophotovoltaic devices).In addition,both experimental facilities and measured results for different materials are summarized.Furthermore,future prospects in developing instrumentation and micro/nanostructured surfaces for practical applications are also outlined.This paper provides a comprehensive source of information for the application of micro/nanostructures in high-temperature energy conversion engineering.展开更多
ZnO micro/nanocrystals with controlled oxygen defects are successfully prepared through annealing precursors obtained via a simple solvothermal method. The size and surface defects of the as-synthesized ZnO mi- cro/na...ZnO micro/nanocrystals with controlled oxygen defects are successfully prepared through annealing precursors obtained via a simple solvothermal method. The size and surface defects of the as-synthesized ZnO mi- cro/nanocrystals increase with the solvent volume ratio of water/ethanol increasing; the BET surface areas of the corresponding samples decrease during these processes; photoluminescence reveals that the type and concentration of surface defects （oxygen vacancy and interstitial oxygen） are quite different for the samples prepared via different solvent volume ratio of water/ethanol. In addition, it is found that the photocatalytic activity of the synthesized ZnO nanocrystals is mainly dependent on the concentration of surface defects. The sample with more surface defects ex- hibits higher photocatalytic activity toward the degradation of methylene blue （MB）. The possible photocatalytic mechanism is discussed in detail.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21601098 and 51602167)Shandong Provincial Science Foundation (ZR2016EMB07 and ZR2017JL021)+1 种基金Key Research and Development Program (2018GGX102033)Qingdao Applied Fundamental Research Project (16-5-1-92-jch and 17-1-1-81-jch)
文摘A strong interface coupling is of vital importance to develop metal oxide/carbon nanocomposite anodes for next-generation lithium ion batteries.Herein,a rational N-doped carb on riveting strategy is designed to boost the lithium storage performance of Fe3O4/N-doped carbon tubular structures.Poly pyrrole(PPy)has been used as the precursor for N-doped carbon.N-doped carbon-riveted Fe3O4/N-doped carbon(N-C@Fe3O4@N-C)nanocomposites were obtained by pyrolysis of PPy-coated FeOOH@PPy nanotubes in Ar atmosphere.When tested as an anode for LIBs,the N-C@Fe3O4@N-C displays a high reversible discharge capacity of 675.8 mA h g-1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g-1 and very good rate capability(470 mA h g_1 at 2 A g-1),which significantly surpasses the performance of Fe3O4@N-C.TEM analysis reveals that after battery cycling the FeOx particles detached from the carbon fibers for Fe3O4@N-C,while for N-C@Fe3O4@N-C the FeOx particles were still trapped in the carbon matrix,thus preserving good electrical contact.Consequently,the superior performance of N-C@Fe3C)4@N-C is attributed to the synergistic effect between Fe3O4 and N-doped carbon combined with the unique structure properties of the nanocomposites.The strategy reported in this work is expected to be applicable for designing other electrode materials for LIBs.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21271062)。
文摘In this study,hierarchical Ag/La2 O2 CO3 micro/nanostructures(MNSs)were synthesized by in situ loading Ag nanoparticles(NPs)on the surface of the La2 O2 CO3 MNSs.The prepared La2 O2 CO3 MNSs present flower-like shape and can be tuned by the molar ratio of La(NO3)3 and CO(NH2)2.In the molar ratio of 1:2 to 1:55,the La2 O2 CO3 MNSs mainly consist of polyhedral rods,irregular rods and irregular spindles and their size is about 10,8 and 7μm,respectively.After loading Ag NPs,the spindle-like Ag/La2 O2 CO3 MNSs were used for phosphate removal and antibacterial activity.At the initial phosphate concentration of20 mg/L,the removal rate is 59.6%.The Ag/La2 O2 CO3 MNSs have significant antibacterial activity and their MIC values for S.aureus and E.coli are 31.3 and 15.6μg/mL,respectively.The results indicate that Ag/La2 O2 CO3 MNSs may have good application prospects in open water to inhibit bacterial growth.
基金financial supports of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41476059)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (No. E2018108011)
文摘PANI copolymer micro/nanostructures with different surface wettability were obtained from the chemical oxidation copolymerization of aniline(Ani)with 2-ethyl aniline(EA)at diverse[EA]/[Ani+EA]molar ratios,by employing ammonium persulfate as an oxidant.The results revealed that the poly(aniline-co-2-ethyl aniline)(PANI-EA)copolymer micro/nanostructures exhibited satisfactory anticorrosion performance for carbon steel,and the corrosion protection efficiency increased with the increase of water repellent property.Poly(2-ethyl aniline)(PEA)showed the largest contact angle(CA=145°)and show the best corrosion protection for the carbon steel(h=87.29%).It is found that the superior anticorrosion property of PEA is attributed to its high hydrophobicity,low conductivity and low porosity.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFB0601100)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.FRFBD-16-008A)
文摘The peony-like CuO micro/nanostructures were fabricated by a facile hydrothermal approach. The peony- like CuO micro/nanostructures about 3 -5μm in diameter were assembled by CuO nanoplates. These CuO nanoplates, as the building block, were self-assembled into multilayer structures under the action of ethidene diamine, and then grew into uniform peony-like CuO architecture. The novel peony-like CuO micro/nanostructures exhibit a high cycling stability and improved rate capability. The peony-like CuO microJnanostructures electrodes show a high reversible capacity of 456 mAhJg after 200 cycles, much higher than that of the commercial CuO nanocrystals at a current 0.1 C. The excellent electrochemical performance of peony-like CuO micro/nanostructures might be ascribed to the unique assembly structure, which not only provide large electrode/electrolyte contact area to accelerate the lithiation reaction, but also the interval between the multilayer structures of CuO nanoplates electrode could provide enough interior space to accommodate the volume change during Li insertion and de-insertion process,
基金This work was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51775046&51875043&52005040)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019M660480)+1 种基金the Beijing Municipal Natural Sci-ence Foundation(JQ20014)The authors would also like to acknowledge support from the Fok Ying-Tong Education Foundation for Young Teachers in the Higher Education Insti-tutions of China(No.151052).
文摘Micro/nanostructured components play an important role in micro-optics and optical engineering,tribology and surface engineering,and biological and biomedical engineering,among other fields.Precision glass molding technology is the most efficient method of manufacturing micro/nanostructured glass components,the premise of which is meld manufacturing with complementary micro/nanostructures.Numerous mold manufacturing methods have been developed to fabricate extremely small and high-quality micro/nanostructures to satisfy the demands of functional micro/nanostructured glass components for various applications.Moreover,the service performance of the mold should also be carefully considered.This paper reviews a variety of technologies for manufacturing micro/nanostructured molds.The authors begin with an introduction of the extreme requirements of mold materials.The following section provides a detailed survey of the existing micro/nanostructured mold manufacturing techniques and their corresponding mold materials,including nonmechanical and mechanical methods.This paper concludes with a detailed discussion of the authors recent research on nickel-phosphorus(Ni-P)mold manufacturing and its service performance.
基金supported by the Special Actions for Developing High-performance Manufacturing of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology(Grant No.:TC200H02J)the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Ad-ministrative Region,China(Project No.:PolyU 152125/18E)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.:U19A20104)the Research Committee of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University(Project Code G-RK2V).
文摘The lightness and high strength-to-weight ratio of the magnesium alloy have attracted more interest in various applications.However,micro/nanostructure generation on their surfaces remains a challenge due to the flammability and ignition.Motivated by this,this study proposed a machining process,named the ultraprecision diamond surface texturing process,to machine the micro/nanostructures on magnesium alloy surfaces.Experimental results showed the various microstructures and sawtooth-shaped nanostructures were successfully generated on the AZ31B magnesium alloy surfaces,demonstrating the effectiveness of this proposed machining process.Furthermore,sawtooth-shaped nanostructures had the function of inducing the optical effect and generating different colors on workpiece surfaces.The colorful letter and colorful flower image were clearly viewed on magnesium alloy surfaces.The corresponding cutting force,chip morphology,and tool wear were systematically investigated to understand the machining mechanism of micro/nanostructures on magnesium alloy surfaces.The proposed machining process can further improve the performances of the magnesium alloy and extend its functions to other fields,such as optics.
基金supported by the Program for the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (No. 0952nm02500)
文摘A simple hydrothermal route has been developed for the fabricating Zn O hierarchical micro/nanostructure with excellent reproducibility. SEM and TEM analysis show that the hierarchical rod is a single-crystal, suggesting that many single-crystal micro/nanorods are assembled into Zn O hierarchical micro/nanostructures. The morphologies of the hierarchical rods can be conveniently tailored by changing the reaction parameters. And we also found citric acid plays a crucial role in the formation process of Zn O micro/nanostructures. Room-temperature photoluminescence spectra reveals that the Zn O hierarchical micro/nanostructures have a strong emission peak at 440 nm and several weak emission peaks at 420, 471 and541 nm, respectively.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52035004,51911530206,51905047)Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.YQ2020E015)+1 种基金Self-Planned Task of State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System(HIT)(Grant No.SKLRS202001C)Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST(Grant No.YESS20200155).
文摘This paper presents a probe-based force-controlled nanoindentation method to fabricate ordered micro/nanostructures.Both the experimental and finite element simulation approaches are employed to investigate the influence of the interval between the adjacent indentations and the rotation angle of the probe on the formed micro/nanostructures.The non-contacting part between indenter and the sample material and the height of the material pile-up are two competing factors to determine the depth relationship between the adjacent indentations.For the one array indentations,nanostructures with good depth consistency and periodicity can be formed after the depth of the indentation becoming stable,and the variation of the rotation angle results in the large difference between the morphology of the formed nanostructures at the bottom of the one array indentation.In addition,for the indentation arrays,the nanostructures with good consistency and periodicity of the shape and depth can be generated with the spacing greater than 1μm.Finally,Raman tests are also carried out based on the obtained ordered micro/nanostructures with Rhodamine probe molecule.The indentation arrays with a smaller spacing lead to better the enhancement effect of the substrate,which has the potential applications in the fields of biological or chemical molecular detection.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62004218,61991441,and 61804176)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB01000000)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2021005).
文摘SiGe spheres with different diameters are successfully fabricated on a virtual SiGe template using a laser irradiation method.The results from scanning electron microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy reveal that the diameter and Ge composition of the SiGe spheres can be well controlled by adjusting the laser energy density.In addition,the transmission electron microscopy results show that Ge composition inside the SiGe spheres is almost uniform in a well-defined,nearly spherical outline.As a convenient method to prepare sphere-shaped SiGe micro/nanostructures with tunable Ge composition and size,this technique is expected to be useful for SiGe-based material growth and micro/optoelectronic device fabrication.
基金supported by the National Key Research Program of China under Grant No.2024YFA1408000the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52231007,12327804,T2321003,22088101)+1 种基金in part by the National Key Research Program of China under Grant 2021YFA1200600the support from the U.S.National Science Foundation(CHE 2102482)。
文摘The ability to control the electrode interfaces in an electrochemical energy storage system is essential for achieving the desired electrochemical performance.However,achieving this ability requires an in-depth understanding of the detailed interfacial nanostructures of the electrode under electrochemical operating conditions.In-situ transmission electron microscopy(TEM)is one of the most powerful techniques for revealing electrochemical energy storage mechanisms with high spatiotemporal resolution and high sensitivity in complex electrochemical environments.These attributes play a unique role in understanding how ion transport inside electrode nanomaterials and across interfaces under the dynamic conditions within working batteries.This review aims to gain an in-depth insight into the latest developments of in-situ TEM imaging techniques for probing the interfacial nanostructures of electrochemical energy storage systems,including atomic-scale structural imaging,strain field imaging,electron holography,and integrated differential phase contrast imaging.Significant examples will be described to highlight the fundamental understanding of atomic-scale and nanoscale mechanisms from employing state-of-the-art imaging techniques to visualize structural evolution,ionic valence state changes,and strain mapping,ion transport dynamics.The review concludes by providing a perspective discussion of future directions of the development and application of in-situ TEM techniques in the field of electrochemical energy storage systems.
基金supported by the National key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB3705200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1804146,51905153,52111530068)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Team Project of Henan University of Science and Technology,China(No.2015XTD006)the Major Science and Technology Project of Henan Province,China(No.221100230200)。
文摘The effects of gradient nanostructures induced by supersonic fine particle bombardment(SFPB)on the surface integrity,microstructural evolution,and mechanical properties of a Ni-W-Co-Ta medium-heavy alloy(MHA)were systematically investigated.The results show that gradient nanostructures are formed on the surface of Ni-W-Co-Ta MHA after SFPB treatment.At a gas pressure of 1.0 MPa and an impact time of 60 s,the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of the alloy reached the maximum values of 1236 MPa and 758 MPa,respectively,which are 22.5%and 38.8%higher than those of the solid solution treated alloy,and the elongation(46.3%)is close to that of the solid solution treated alloy,achieving the optimal strength–ductility synergy.However,microcracks appear on the surface with excessive gas pressure and impact time,generating the relaxed residual stress and decreased strength.With the increase of the impact time and gas pressure,the depth of the deformation layer and the surface microhardness gradually increase,reaching the maximum values(29μm and HV 451)at 1.0 MPa and 120 s.The surface grain size is refined to a minimum of 11.67 nm.Notably,SFPB treatment has no obvious effect on elongation,and the fracture mode changes from the ductile fracture before treatment to ductile–brittle mixed fracture after treatment.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2013CB933501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Organic semiconductors have gradually become the super stars on the stage of optoelectronic materials, due to their low cost, flexibility and solution processability. Numerous organic semiconductors, including small molecules and conjugated polymers, have been designed and synthesized to explore the potential of organic materials in optoelectronic industry. One-dimensional micro/nanostructures of organic semiconductors generally have more ordered packing structure with fewer defects compared with thin films, and are thus thought to show intrinsic carrier mobility of organic materials. Moreover, the packing structure in micro/nanostructures is clear and relatively easy to analyze, which makes these micro/nanostructures a good platform to study structure-property relationship. Therefore, design of suitable organic molecules to form micro-/nanostructures and methods to obtain ideal micro/nanostructures for functional devices will be fully discussed in this mini review. Finally, the perspective and opportunity of 1D micro/nanostructured organic materials based OFETs in the near future are also addressed.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60771031, 60736004, 20571079, 20721061 and 50725311)Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2006CB806200, 2006CB932100) and Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Organic single crystals hold great promise for the development of organic semiconductor materials,because they could reveal the intrinsic electronic properties of these materials,providing high-performance electronic devices and probing the structureproperty relationships.This article reviews the preparation methods for organic single crystals or crystalline micro/nanostructures,including vapor phase growth methods and solution-processed methods,and summarizes a few methods employed in the fabrication of field-effect transistors along with dozens of examples concerning both small molecules and polymers with high field-effect performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21575126 and 21874117)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (No. LZ18B050001)
文摘Electrochemiluminescence(ECL) is a kind of luminescent phenomenon caused by electrochemical reactions. Based on the advantages of ECL including low background, high sensitivity, strong spatiotemporal controllability and simple operation, ECL imaging is able to visualize the ECL process,which can additionally achieve high throughput, fast and visual analysis. With the development of optical imaging technique, ECL imaging at micro-or nanoscale has been successfully applied in immunoassay,cell imaging, biochemical analysis, single-nanoparticle detection and study of mechanisms and kinetics of reactions, which has attracted extensive attention. In this review, the basic principles and apparatus of ECL imaging were briefly introduced at first. Then several latest and representative applications of ECL imaging based on nanomaterials and micro-/nanostructures were overviewed. Finally, the superiorities and challenges in ECL imaging for further development were discussed.
基金the National Science Council of the Republic of China,Taiwan,for fnancially supporting this research under Contract No.NSC 101-2218-E-539001 and NSC 102-2623-E-539-001-ET
文摘In this paper, we report a rapid synthesis of piezoelectric ZnO-nanostructures and fabrication of the nanostructures- based power-generators demonstrating an energy conversion from an environmental mechanical/ultrasonic energy to an electrical energy. The ZnO nanostructures are grown on a silicon wafer by a modified chemical solution method （CSD, chemical-solution-deposition） with a two-step thermal-oxidation approach. The synthesis process can be completed within 1 h. By varying the mixture-ratio of Zn micro-particles in an oxalic acid solution with 0.75 mol/l concentration in the CSD process, the growth mechanism is well-controlled to synthesize three different types of ZnO-nanostructures （i.e., dandelion-like nanostructures, columnar nanostructures, and nanowires）. Furthermore, through oxidizing at different temperatures in the thermal-oxidation process, the featured geometry of the nanostructures （e.g., the length and diameter of a nanowire） is modified. The geometry, size, morphology, crystallization, and material phase of the modified nanostructures are characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Finally, the nanostructures are used to fabricate several micro power-generators. Through the piezoelectric effect, a maximum current density output of 0.28 μA cm-2 generated by a power-generator under an ultrasonic wave is observed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20635020, 20805025 and 20975057)the Doctoral Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China (20060426001)the Foundation of Qingdao City (09-1-3-25-jch) and the Doctoral Fund of QUST (0022278)
文摘Four electrochemical methods, cyclic voltammetric deposition, potentiostatic electrodeposition, multi-potential step electrodeposition and three-step electrodeposition, were used to fabricate Au micro/nanostructures on self-doped polyaniline nanofibers-coated glassy carbon electrodes (Au/nanoSPAN/GCEs). The Au micro/nanostructures deposited on the nanoSPAN-modified electrodes were shown by scanning electron microscopy to exhibit different morphologies, such as Au nanoparticle clusters, monodisperse nanoparticles and homogeneously dispersed flower-like microparticles, depending on the deposition method. This phenomenon demonstrates that control over the morphology of Au metal can be easily achieved by adjusting the electrodeposition method. The electrochemical behaviors of the Au/nanoSPAN/GCEs also varied with above four methods, which were characterized by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In comparison with Au nanoparticle clusters and monodisperse Au nanoparticles, homogeneously dispersed flower-like Au microparticles had the largest surface area and obviously enhanced electrochemical response towards the redox reactions of [Fe(CN)6]3–/4– on the modified electrode. DNA immobilization on the Au/nanoSPAN/GCEs was investigated by differential pulse voltammetry using [Fe(CN)6]3–/4– as an indicator. The efficiency of DNA immobilization was inherently related to their different Au micro/nanostructure morphologies. The Au/nano-SPAN/GCE fabricated by three-step electrodeposition showed the largest capacity for immobilization of single stranded DNA, which makes it a promising DNA biosensor.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFE0115900)the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51872254)Yangzhou City-Yangzhou University Cooperation Foundation(No.YZU201801)。
文摘Hydrothermal methods are widely used in chemical synthesis of target products with specific morphology and nanostructure.Those methods are very efficient for the preparation of well-controlled structures but the reaction time is usually long.The assistance of microwave makes the reaction system heat up faster,more uniformly and reactions are accelerated,it also can be utilized to change the morphology or structure of materials,which improves the physic-chemical properties of synthesized products and influences its gas-sensing performance.Copper oxide(CuO)is widely applied in semiconductor gas sensors because of its good reactivity and stability.This review article briefly introduces the principle,mechanism and recent development of CuO nanostructures obtained by microwave-as sis ted hydrothermal synthesis(MWHS)process.It also discussed the relation between endopathic factors of material and its gas-sensitive performance.The technical challenges and prospective solutions for highperformance CuO-based gas-sensitive materials with unique nanostructure are proposed.It is pointed out that the hierarchical CuO-based nanostructures and their composite materials prepared by MWHS process are efficacious methods to improve the gas-sensitive performance of the materials.On the basis of the morphology,the materials are divided into nanorods,nanoflowers,nanosheets,nanospheres and other nanostructures.The influence of microwave parameters on the properties of synthetic products is analyzed.The influence followed by metal element loading on the structure and properties of CuO-based materials by MWHS process is further discussed.Then this review summarizes the research progress of graphene-CuO and metal oxide-CuO composites prepared by MWHS process in recent years.
基金This research is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52075557,51805553)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2021JJ20067)+1 种基金The Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(No.2021RC3011)Open access funding provided by Shanghai Jiao Tong University
文摘Versatile liquid manipulating surfaces combining patternable and controllable wettability have recently motivated considerable attention owing to their significant advantages in droplet-solid impacting behaviors,microdroplet self-removal,and liquid–liquid interface reaction applications.However,developing a facile and efficient method to fabricate these versatile surfaces remains an enormous challenge.In this paper,a strategy for the fabrication of liquid manipulating surfaces with patternable and controllable wettability on Polyimide(PI)film based on femtosecond laser thermal accumulation engineering is proposed.Because of its controllable micro-/nanostructures and chemical composition through adjusting the local thermal accumulation,the wettability of PI film can be tuned from superhydrophilicity(~3.6°)to superhydrophobicity(~151.6°).Furthermore,three diverse surfaces with patternable and heterogeneous wettability were constructed and various applications were successfully realized,including water transport,droplet arrays,and liquid wells.This work may provide a facile strategy for achieving patternable and controllable wettability efficiently and developing multifunctional liquid steering surfaces.
基金This work was supported by the China Scholarship Council(No.201806320236)the Academic Award for Outstanding Doctoral Candidates of Zhejiang University(No.2018071)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(No.2018BCE01004)the US Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy(EERE)under the Solar Energy Technologies Office.
文摘Micro/nanostructures play a key role in tuning the radiative properties of materials and have been applied to high-temperature energy conversion systems for improved performance.Among the various radiative properties,spectral emittance is of integral importance for the design and analysis of materials that function as radiative absorbers or emitters.This paper presents an overview of the spectral emittance measurement techniques using both the direct and indirect methods.Besides,several micro/nanostructures are also introduced,and a special emphasis is placed on the emissometers developed for characterizing engineered micro/nanostructures in high-temperature applications(e.g.,solar energy conversion and thermophotovoltaic devices).In addition,both experimental facilities and measured results for different materials are summarized.Furthermore,future prospects in developing instrumentation and micro/nanostructured surfaces for practical applications are also outlined.This paper provides a comprehensive source of information for the application of micro/nanostructures in high-temperature energy conversion engineering.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘ZnO micro/nanocrystals with controlled oxygen defects are successfully prepared through annealing precursors obtained via a simple solvothermal method. The size and surface defects of the as-synthesized ZnO mi- cro/nanocrystals increase with the solvent volume ratio of water/ethanol increasing; the BET surface areas of the corresponding samples decrease during these processes; photoluminescence reveals that the type and concentration of surface defects （oxygen vacancy and interstitial oxygen） are quite different for the samples prepared via different solvent volume ratio of water/ethanol. In addition, it is found that the photocatalytic activity of the synthesized ZnO nanocrystals is mainly dependent on the concentration of surface defects. The sample with more surface defects ex- hibits higher photocatalytic activity toward the degradation of methylene blue （MB）. The possible photocatalytic mechanism is discussed in detail.
