Micro/nanoscale robots(MNRs)have attracted significant interest in various fields because of their flexible design,physically controlled maneuvering,and barrier targeting.The execution of specific functions using MNRs...Micro/nanoscale robots(MNRs)have attracted significant interest in various fields because of their flexible design,physically controlled maneuvering,and barrier targeting.The execution of specific functions using MNRs relies on precise propulsion methods.Among the diverse propulsion techniques,physical propulsion is widely used owing to its noninvasive,safe,and convenient attributes.This review provides an analysis of the propulsion mechanisms in the magnetic,electric,thermal,and ultrasound fields and presents a comprehensive summary of the structures,movements,and applications of various MNRs while also examining their advantages and shortcomings associated with various physical propulsion methods.Finally,challenges and perspectives associated with the future development of MNRs are presented.The content of this review can serve as a multidisciplinary science reference for physicists,bioengineers,clinicians,roboticists,and chemists involved in pharmaceutical design and clinical therapy research.展开更多
Over the past three decades,micro/nano science and technology have experienced rapid advancements as new materials and advanced devices have increasingly evolved towards high levels of integration and miniaturization....Over the past three decades,micro/nano science and technology have experienced rapid advancements as new materials and advanced devices have increasingly evolved towards high levels of integration and miniaturization.In this context,mechanical properties have emerged as critical parameters for evaluating the operational performance and longevity of materials and devices at the micro/nanoscale.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries have the advantages of low-cost and ultra-high energy density(2600 Wh·kg;),which have attracted considerable attention.However,the practical application of Li-S batteries still suff...Lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries have the advantages of low-cost and ultra-high energy density(2600 Wh·kg;),which have attracted considerable attention.However,the practical application of Li-S batteries still suffers various intractable problems,such as low electrical conductivity,significant volume expansion,and the shuttle effect of sulfur cathode.Up to now,many tremendous efforts and significant progress have been devoted to settle these problems.One of the most effective strategies is that introducing metal-based compounds(e.g.,metal oxides,-sulfides,-nitrides,carbides,-phosphate,single-metal compounds) to enhance the electrochemical performance of S cathode benefiting from superior adsorption/catalytic ability toward Li;S;(n=1,2,4,8).In this review,we summarized the recent advances in the application of micro/nanoscale catalysts in Li-S system and highlighted the catalytic effect of single-atom compounds.Finally,the challenges and the future research prospects of single-atom catalysts were discussed.展开更多
Thermophotovoltaic （TPV） system has been regarded as one promising means to alleviate current energy demand because it can directly generate electricity from radiation heat via photons. However, the presently availa...Thermophotovoltaic （TPV） system has been regarded as one promising means to alleviate current energy demand because it can directly generate electricity from radiation heat via photons. However, the presently available TPV systems suffer from low conversion efficiency and low throughput. A viable solution to increase their efficiency is to apply micro/nanoscale radiation principles in the design of different components to utilize the characteristics ~f thermal radiation at small distances and in microstructures. Several critical issues are reviewed, such as photovoltaic effect, quantum efficiency and efficiency of TPV system. Emphasis is given to the development of wavelength-selective emitters and filters and the aspects of micro/nanoscale heat transfer. Recent progress, along with the challenges and opportunities for future development of TPV systems are also outlined.展开更多
The natural exponential potential (Ce^R/λ0) widely exists at micro/nanoscales;this paper studies the interaction potential between a curved-surface body and an outside particle base on the natural exponential potenti...The natural exponential potential (Ce^R/λ0) widely exists at micro/nanoscales;this paper studies the interaction potential between a curved-surface body and an outside particle base on the natural exponential potential. Mat hematical derivation proves t hat the int er act ion potential can be expressed as a function of curvatures. Then, idealized numerical experiments are designed to verify the accuracy of the curvature-based potential. The driving forces exerted on the particle are discussed and confirmed to be a function of curvatures and the gradient of curvatures, which may explain some abnormal movements at micro/nanoscales.展开更多
The rapid proliferation of microelectronics,coupled with the advent of the internet ofthings(IoT)era,has created an urgent demand for miniaturized,integrable,and reliable on-chip energystorage systems.All-solid-state ...The rapid proliferation of microelectronics,coupled with the advent of the internet ofthings(IoT)era,has created an urgent demand for miniaturized,integrable,and reliable on-chip energystorage systems.All-solid-state thin-film microbatteries(TFMBs),distinguished by their intrinsicsafety,compact design,and compatibility with microfabrication techniques,have emerged as promisingcandidates to power next-generation IoT devices.Nevertheless,in contrast to the well-establisheddevelopment of conventional lithium-ion batteries,the advancement of TFMBs remains at an earlystage,facing persistent challenges in materials innovation,interface optimization,and scalable manufacturing.This review critically examines the pivotal role of vapor deposition technologies,includingmagnetron sputtering,pulsed laser deposition,thermal/electron-beam evaporation,chemical vapordeposition,and atomic layer deposition,in the fabrication and performance modulation of TFMBs.We systematically summarize recent progress in thin-film electrodes and solid-state electrolytes,withparticular emphasis on how deposition parameters dictate crystallinity,lattice orientation,and ionictransport in functional layers.Furthermore,we highlight strategies for solid-solid interface engineering,three-dimensional structural design,andmultifunctional integration to enhance capacity retention,cycling stability,and interfacial compatibility.Looking ahead,TFMBs are expectedto evolve toward multifunctional platforms,exhibiting mechanical flexibility,optical transparency,and hybrid energy-harvesting compatibility,thereby meeting the heterogeneous energy requirements of future IoT ecosystems.Overall,this review provides a comprehensive perspective onvapor-phase-enabled TFMB technologies,delivering both theoretical insights and technological guidelines for the scalable realization of highperformancemicroscale power sources.展开更多
Traditional thermal therapy techniques face several limitations,such as poor conformability,limited treatment range,and high recurrence rates.Nanomaterial-mediated micro/nanoscale thermal therapy represents the new ge...Traditional thermal therapy techniques face several limitations,such as poor conformability,limited treatment range,and high recurrence rates.Nanomaterial-mediated micro/nanoscale thermal therapy represents the new generation of thermal treatment.This approach utilizes nanomaterials to convert energy from external physical fields into localized heat at the target site,thereby achieving therapeutic effects.It offers several advantages,such as enhanced conformability,remote controllability,and the potential for integration with multimodal diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.Additionally,it can trigger various molecular events within tumor cells,activate anti-tumor immune responses,and prevent tumor recurrence and metastasis.Micro/nanoscale thermal therapy not only damages target cells but also regulates specific cellular activities,particularly through the control of the nervous system via thermosensitive ion channels-an area of growing interest in recent applications.This mini review explores the development of thermal therapy technologies,highlights the characteristics and advantages of nanomaterial-mediated micro/nanoscale thermal therapy,and examines its potential applications in tumor treatment and neural regulation.展开更多
Micro/nano hierarchical structures could endow materials with various surface functions.However,the multilayer and multiscale characteristics of micro/nano hierarchical structures bring difficulties for their one step...Micro/nano hierarchical structures could endow materials with various surface functions.However,the multilayer and multiscale characteristics of micro/nano hierarchical structures bring difficulties for their one step and controllable fabrication.Accordingly,based on tip-based fabrication techniques,this study proposed a micro-amplitude vibration-assisted scratching method by introducing a periodic backward displacement into the conventional scratching process,which enabled the synchronous creation of the microscale V-groove and nanoscale ripples,i.e.a typical micro/nano hierarchical structure.The experiments and finite element modeling were employed to explore the formation process and mechanism of the micro/nano hierarchical structures.Being different from conventional cutting,this method was mainly based on the plow mechanism,and it could accurately replicate the shape of the indenter on the material surface.The microscale V-groove was formed due to the scratching action,and the nanoscale ripple was formed due to the extrusion action of the indenter on the microscale V-groove’s surface.Furthermore,the relationships between the processing parameters and the dimensions of the micro/nano hierarchical structures were established through experiments,and optimized processing parameters were determined to achieve regular micro/nano hierarchical structures.By this method,complex patterns constructed by various micro/nano hierarchical structures were fabricated on both flat and curved surfaces,achieving diverse surface structural colors.展开更多
Rapid technological advancements drive miniaturization and high energy density in devices,thereby increasing nanoscale thermal management demands and urging development of higher spatial resolution technologies for th...Rapid technological advancements drive miniaturization and high energy density in devices,thereby increasing nanoscale thermal management demands and urging development of higher spatial resolution technologies for thermal imaging and transport research.Here,we introduce an approach to measure nanoscale thermal resistance using in situ inelastic scanning transmission electron microscopy.By constructing unidirectional heating flux with controlled temperature gradients and analyzing electron energy-loss/gain signals under optimized acquisition conditions,nanometer-resolution in mapping phonon apparent temperature is achieved.Thus,interfacial thermal resistance is determined by calculating the ratio of interfacial temperature difference to bulk temperature gradient.This methodology enables direct measurement of thermal transport properties for atomic-scale structural features(e.g.,defects and heterointerfaces),resolving critical structure-performance relationships,providing a useful tool for investigating thermal phenomena at the(sub-)nanoscale.展开更多
Mg micro/nanoscale materials with sphere-like morphologies are prepared via a vapor-transport deposition process. The structure and morphology of the asprepared products are characterized by powder X-ray diffraction a...Mg micro/nanoscale materials with sphere-like morphologies are prepared via a vapor-transport deposition process. The structure and morphology of the asprepared products are characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Vapor-liquid-solid mechanism is proposed to explain the formation of Mg micro/nanospheres on the basis of the experimental results.展开更多
Thermal characterization becomes challenging as the material size is reduced to micro/nanoscales.Based on scanning probe microscopy(SPM),scanning thermal microscopy(STh M)is able to collect thermophysical characterist...Thermal characterization becomes challenging as the material size is reduced to micro/nanoscales.Based on scanning probe microscopy(SPM),scanning thermal microscopy(STh M)is able to collect thermophysical characteristics of the microscopic domain with high spatial resolution.Starting from its development history,this review introduces the operation mechanism of the instrument in detail,including working principles,thermal probes,quantitative study,and applications.As the core principle of STh M,the heat transfer mechanism section is discussed emphatically.Additionally,the emerging technologies based on the STh M platform are clearly reviewed and corresponding examples are presented in detail.Finally,the current challenges and future opportunities of STh M are discussed.展开更多
The rapid advancement of nanotechnology has sparked much interest in applying nanoscale perovskite materials for photodetection applications.These materials are promising candidates for next-generation photodetectors(...The rapid advancement of nanotechnology has sparked much interest in applying nanoscale perovskite materials for photodetection applications.These materials are promising candidates for next-generation photodetectors(PDs)due to their unique optoelectronic properties and flexible synthesis routes.This review explores the approaches used in the development and use of optoelectronic devices made of different nanoscale perovskite architectures,including quantum dots,nanosheets,nanorods,nanowires,and nanocrystals.Through a thorough analysis of recent literature,the review also addresses common issues like the mechanisms underlying the degradation of perovskite PDs and offers perspectives on potential solutions to improve stability and scalability that impede widespread implementation.In addition,it highlights that photodetection encompasses the detection of light fields in dimensions other than light intensity and suggests potential avenues for future research to overcome these obstacles and fully realize the potential of nanoscale perovskite materials in state-of-the-art photodetection systems.This review provides a comprehensive overview of nanoscale perovskite PDs and guides future research efforts towards improved performance and wider applicability,making it a valuable resource for researchers.展开更多
This work aims to elucidate the impact of aluminum-content on microstructure and deformation mechanisms of transformation-induced plasticity（TRIP） steels through macroscale and nanoscale deformation experiments comb...This work aims to elucidate the impact of aluminum-content on microstructure and deformation mechanisms of transformation-induced plasticity（TRIP） steels through macroscale and nanoscale deformation experiments combined with post-mortem electron microscopy of the deformed region.The solid-state transformation-induced mechanical deformation varied with the Al contents,and influenced tensile strength-ductility combination.Steels with 2–4 wt% Al were characterized by TRIP effect.In contrast to 2 Al-TRIP and 4 Al-TRIP steels,twinning-induced plasticity（TWIP） was also observed in conjunction with strain-induced martensite in 6 Al-TRIP steel.This behavior is attributed to the increase in stacking fault energy with the increase of Al content and stability of austenite,which depends on the local chemical variation.The study addresses the knowledge gap with regard to the effect of Al content on austenite stability in medium-Mn TRIP steels.This combination is expected to potentially enable cost-effective alloy design with high strength-high ductility condition.展开更多
Understanding the mechanisms of parent-daughter isotopic mobility at the nanoscale is key to rigorous interpretation of Ue The Pb data and associated dating. Until now, all nanoscale geochronological studies on geolog...Understanding the mechanisms of parent-daughter isotopic mobility at the nanoscale is key to rigorous interpretation of Ue The Pb data and associated dating. Until now, all nanoscale geochronological studies on geological samples have relied on either Transmission Electron Microscope(TEM) or Atom Probe Microscopy(APM) characterizations alone, thus suffering from the respective weaknesses of each technique. Here we focus on monazite crystals from a ~1 Ga, ultrahigh temperature granulite from Rogaland(Norway). This sample has recorded concordant UeP b dates(measured by LA-ICP-MS) that range over 100 My, with the three domains yielding distinct isotopic Ue Pb ages of 1034 ± 6 Ma(D1; Srich core), 1005 ± 7 Ma(D2), and 935 ± 7 Ma(D3), respectively. Combined APM and TEM characterization of these monazite crystals reveal phase separation that led to the isolation of two different radiogenic Pb(Pb*) reservoirs at the nanoscale. The S-rich core of these monazite crystals contains Cae Srich clusters, 5 -10 nm in size, homogenously distributed within the monazite matrix with a mean interparticle distance of 40 -60 nm. The clusters acted as a sink for radiogenic Pb(Pb*) produced in the monazite matrix, which was reset at the nanoscale via Pb diffusion while the grain remained closed at the micro-scale. Compared to the concordant ages given by conventional micro-scale dating of the grain,the apparent nano-scale age of the monazite matrix in between clusters is about 100 Myr younger, which compares remarkably well to the duration of the metamorphic event. This study highlights the capabilities of combined APM-TEM nano-structural and nano-isotopic characterizations in dating and timing of geological events, allowing the detection of processes untraceable with conventional dating methods.展开更多
Integrating nanoscale zero-valent iron(nZVI) with biological treatment processes holds the promise of inheriting significant advantages from both environmental nano-and biotechnologies. nZVI and microbes can perform i...Integrating nanoscale zero-valent iron(nZVI) with biological treatment processes holds the promise of inheriting significant advantages from both environmental nano-and biotechnologies. nZVI and microbes can perform in coalition in direct contact and act simultaneously, or be maintained in separate reactors and operated sequentially. Both modes can generate enhanced performance for wastewater treatment and environmental remediation. nZVI scavenges and eliminates toxic metals, and enhances biodegradability of some recalcitrant contaminants while bioprocesses serve to mineralize organic compounds and further remove impurities from wastewater. This has been demonstrated in a number of recent works that nZVI can substantially augment the performance of conventional biological treatment for wastewaters from textile and nonferrous metal industries. Our recent laboratory and field tests show that COD of the industrial effluents can be reduced to a record-low of 50 ppm. Recent literature on the theory and applications of the nZVI-bio system is highlighted in this mini review.展开更多
Alloying strategies have proven effective in enhancing the properties of metallic materials.However,conventional alloying strategies face significant limitations in preparing nanoscale multi-alloys and continuous opti...Alloying strategies have proven effective in enhancing the properties of metallic materials.However,conventional alloying strategies face significant limitations in preparing nanoscale multi-alloys and continuous optimizing surface-active sites.High-entropy alloys(HEAs)display a broader spectrum of unique properties due to their complex electron distribution and atomic-level heterogeneity arising from the stochastic mixing of multiple elements,which provides a diverse array of binding sites and almost continuous distribution of binding energies.This review aims to summarize recent research advancements in synthesis strategies and multi-field applications of nanoscale HEAs.It emphasizes several commonly employed synthesis strategies and significant challenges in synthesizing nanoscale HEAs.Finally,we present a comprehensive analysis of the advantages of HEAs for multi-field applications,emphasizing significant application trends related to nanosizing and multidimensionalization to develop more efficient nanoscale HEAs.展开更多
Particulate photocatalytic systems using nanoscale photocatalysts have been developed as an attractive promising route for solar energy utilization to achieve resource sustainability and environmental harmony.Dynamic ...Particulate photocatalytic systems using nanoscale photocatalysts have been developed as an attractive promising route for solar energy utilization to achieve resource sustainability and environmental harmony.Dynamic obstacles are considered as the dominant inhibition for attaining satisfactory energy-conversion efficiency.The complexity in light absorption and carrier transfer behaviors has remained to be further clearly illuminated.It is challenging to trace the fast evolution of charge carriers involved in transfer migration and interfacial reactions within a micro–nano-single-particle photocatalyst,which requires spatiotemporal high resolution.In this review,comprehensive dynamic descriptions including irradiation field,carrier separation and transfer,and interfacial reaction processes have been elucidated and discussed.The corresponding mechanisms for revealing dynamic behaviors have been explained.In addition,numerical simulation and modeling methods have been illustrated for the description of the irradiation field.Experimental measurements and spatiotemporal characterizations have been clarified for the reflection of carrier behavior and probing detection of interfacial reactions.The representative applications have been introduced according to the reported advanced research works,and the relationships between mechanistic conclusions from variable spatiotemporal measurements and photocatalytic performance results in the specific photocatalytic reactions have been concluded.This review provides a collective perspective for the full understanding and thorough evaluation of the primary dynamic processes,which would be inspired for the improvement in designing solar-driven energy-conversion systems based on nanoscale particulate photocatalysts.展开更多
Shape memory alloys(SMAs)are well-suited for vibration and noise reduction due to their outstanding mechanical and damping properties.However,their damping capacity is limited due to low-temperature stabilized thermoe...Shape memory alloys(SMAs)are well-suited for vibration and noise reduction due to their outstanding mechanical and damping properties.However,their damping capacity is limited due to low-temperature stabilized thermoelastic martensite and constrained twin migration.This work designs nanoscale Nb phases to enhance the damping capacity and maintain a wide working temperature range of NiTiHf-based SMAs.The NiTiHf/Nb alloys containing spherical Nb phases demonstrate a 125%improvement in internal friction(IF)and remain stable up to 400 K.Alloys with spherical Nb phases exhibit relatively high intrinsic IF,which is mainly attibuted to the high migration ability of martensitic twin boundaries.High-resolution transmission electron microscopy images and IF spectra suggest spherical Nb phases pro-vide additional dislocation damping effects and interface damping effects by inducing multiple types of dislocations near the multi-directional phase interfaces.These findings provide insights into the role of second-phase shape effect in damping properties and offer valuable guidance for designing ultra-high damping alloys.展开更多
Nanoscale drug delivery systems(nano-DDSs)have attracted intense interest in tumor chemotherapy in the last decades,to improve antitumor efficacy and minimize toxic and side effects.As a versatile supramolecular build...Nanoscale drug delivery systems(nano-DDSs)have attracted intense interest in tumor chemotherapy in the last decades,to improve antitumor efficacy and minimize toxic and side effects.As a versatile supramolecular building block,cyclodextrins(CDs)have been widely used in the fabrication of the smart nano-DDSs.Besides their multifunctionality,which makes them versatile core in the star(co)polymers for micellar nanomedicines,specific host-vip inclusion complexation via their hydrophobic cavities endows them diversified functions:(i)design of amphiphilic copolymers for micellar nanomedicines,(ii)supramolecular hydrogels and poly(pseudo)rotaxane nano-hydrogels as drug carriers,and(iii)recipient for direct and indirect drug-loading.In the present work,the recent progress of CDs in nano-DDSs for tumor chemotherapy was reviewed,classified by the crucial roles of CD units.Based on the structureperformance relationship,the future perspective was also proposed.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2130128 and 12102376)Yanzhao Young Scientist Project from Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.B2023205040)+6 种基金Basic Research Cooperation Special Foundation of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region(Nos.H2022205047,22JCZXJC00060,and E3B33911DF)Central Government Guiding Local Science and Technology Development Project(No.216Z4302G)Hebei Administration for Market Supervision Science and Technology Project List(No.2023ZC03)Innovation Capability Improvement Plan Project of Hebei Province(No.22567604H)Ph.D Scientific Research Start-up Fund(No.L2023B18)College Student’s Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Plan Program(No.S202410094046)of Hebei Normal Universitythe Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023A1515011592).
文摘Micro/nanoscale robots(MNRs)have attracted significant interest in various fields because of their flexible design,physically controlled maneuvering,and barrier targeting.The execution of specific functions using MNRs relies on precise propulsion methods.Among the diverse propulsion techniques,physical propulsion is widely used owing to its noninvasive,safe,and convenient attributes.This review provides an analysis of the propulsion mechanisms in the magnetic,electric,thermal,and ultrasound fields and presents a comprehensive summary of the structures,movements,and applications of various MNRs while also examining their advantages and shortcomings associated with various physical propulsion methods.Finally,challenges and perspectives associated with the future development of MNRs are presented.The content of this review can serve as a multidisciplinary science reference for physicists,bioengineers,clinicians,roboticists,and chemists involved in pharmaceutical design and clinical therapy research.
文摘Over the past three decades,micro/nano science and technology have experienced rapid advancements as new materials and advanced devices have increasingly evolved towards high levels of integration and miniaturization.In this context,mechanical properties have emerged as critical parameters for evaluating the operational performance and longevity of materials and devices at the micro/nanoscale.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51771076 and NSFC51621001)Guangdong“Pearl River Talents Plan”(No.2017GC010218)+1 种基金the R&D Program in Key Areas of Guangdong Province(No.2020B0101030005)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2020B1515120049)。
文摘Lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries have the advantages of low-cost and ultra-high energy density(2600 Wh·kg;),which have attracted considerable attention.However,the practical application of Li-S batteries still suffers various intractable problems,such as low electrical conductivity,significant volume expansion,and the shuttle effect of sulfur cathode.Up to now,many tremendous efforts and significant progress have been devoted to settle these problems.One of the most effective strategies is that introducing metal-based compounds(e.g.,metal oxides,-sulfides,-nitrides,carbides,-phosphate,single-metal compounds) to enhance the electrochemical performance of S cathode benefiting from superior adsorption/catalytic ability toward Li;S;(n=1,2,4,8).In this review,we summarized the recent advances in the application of micro/nanoscale catalysts in Li-S system and highlighted the catalytic effect of single-atom compounds.Finally,the challenges and the future research prospects of single-atom catalysts were discussed.
基金Project(2009AA05Z215) supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China
文摘Thermophotovoltaic （TPV） system has been regarded as one promising means to alleviate current energy demand because it can directly generate electricity from radiation heat via photons. However, the presently available TPV systems suffer from low conversion efficiency and low throughput. A viable solution to increase their efficiency is to apply micro/nanoscale radiation principles in the design of different components to utilize the characteristics ~f thermal radiation at small distances and in microstructures. Several critical issues are reviewed, such as photovoltaic effect, quantum efficiency and efficiency of TPV system. Emphasis is given to the development of wavelength-selective emitters and filters and the aspects of micro/nanoscale heat transfer. Recent progress, along with the challenges and opportunities for future development of TPV systems are also outlined.
基金by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Nos. BK20180411, BK20180416)the start-up funding awarded by Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (Nos. 56SYAH17065, 90YAH17065).
文摘The natural exponential potential (Ce^R/λ0) widely exists at micro/nanoscales;this paper studies the interaction potential between a curved-surface body and an outside particle base on the natural exponential potential. Mat hematical derivation proves t hat the int er act ion potential can be expressed as a function of curvatures. Then, idealized numerical experiments are designed to verify the accuracy of the curvature-based potential. The driving forces exerted on the particle are discussed and confirmed to be a function of curvatures and the gradient of curvatures, which may explain some abnormal movements at micro/nanoscales.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFA1608800)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515012385,2024B1515120042)+5 种基金Shenzhen Foundation Research Fund(JCYJ20240813095004006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12426301,12275119,52227802)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(KQTD20200820113047086)Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Solid State Batteries(SYSPG20241211173726011)Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Photonic-Thermal-Electrical Energy Materials and Devices(2019B121205001)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power(2018B030322001)。
文摘The rapid proliferation of microelectronics,coupled with the advent of the internet ofthings(IoT)era,has created an urgent demand for miniaturized,integrable,and reliable on-chip energystorage systems.All-solid-state thin-film microbatteries(TFMBs),distinguished by their intrinsicsafety,compact design,and compatibility with microfabrication techniques,have emerged as promisingcandidates to power next-generation IoT devices.Nevertheless,in contrast to the well-establisheddevelopment of conventional lithium-ion batteries,the advancement of TFMBs remains at an earlystage,facing persistent challenges in materials innovation,interface optimization,and scalable manufacturing.This review critically examines the pivotal role of vapor deposition technologies,includingmagnetron sputtering,pulsed laser deposition,thermal/electron-beam evaporation,chemical vapordeposition,and atomic layer deposition,in the fabrication and performance modulation of TFMBs.We systematically summarize recent progress in thin-film electrodes and solid-state electrolytes,withparticular emphasis on how deposition parameters dictate crystallinity,lattice orientation,and ionictransport in functional layers.Furthermore,we highlight strategies for solid-solid interface engineering,three-dimensional structural design,andmultifunctional integration to enhance capacity retention,cycling stability,and interfacial compatibility.Looking ahead,TFMBs are expectedto evolve toward multifunctional platforms,exhibiting mechanical flexibility,optical transparency,and hybrid energy-harvesting compatibility,thereby meeting the heterogeneous energy requirements of future IoT ecosystems.Overall,this review provides a comprehensive perspective onvapor-phase-enabled TFMB technologies,delivering both theoretical insights and technological guidelines for the scalable realization of highperformancemicroscale power sources.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Excellent Young Scientist Fund(No.82322039)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC2408000).
文摘Traditional thermal therapy techniques face several limitations,such as poor conformability,limited treatment range,and high recurrence rates.Nanomaterial-mediated micro/nanoscale thermal therapy represents the new generation of thermal treatment.This approach utilizes nanomaterials to convert energy from external physical fields into localized heat at the target site,thereby achieving therapeutic effects.It offers several advantages,such as enhanced conformability,remote controllability,and the potential for integration with multimodal diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.Additionally,it can trigger various molecular events within tumor cells,activate anti-tumor immune responses,and prevent tumor recurrence and metastasis.Micro/nanoscale thermal therapy not only damages target cells but also regulates specific cellular activities,particularly through the control of the nervous system via thermosensitive ion channels-an area of growing interest in recent applications.This mini review explores the development of thermal therapy technologies,highlights the characteristics and advantages of nanomaterial-mediated micro/nanoscale thermal therapy,and examines its potential applications in tumor treatment and neural regulation.
基金supported by the Jilin Province Key Research and Development Plan Project(20240302066GX)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52075221)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2023-JCXK-02)。
文摘Micro/nano hierarchical structures could endow materials with various surface functions.However,the multilayer and multiscale characteristics of micro/nano hierarchical structures bring difficulties for their one step and controllable fabrication.Accordingly,based on tip-based fabrication techniques,this study proposed a micro-amplitude vibration-assisted scratching method by introducing a periodic backward displacement into the conventional scratching process,which enabled the synchronous creation of the microscale V-groove and nanoscale ripples,i.e.a typical micro/nano hierarchical structure.The experiments and finite element modeling were employed to explore the formation process and mechanism of the micro/nano hierarchical structures.Being different from conventional cutting,this method was mainly based on the plow mechanism,and it could accurately replicate the shape of the indenter on the material surface.The microscale V-groove was formed due to the scratching action,and the nanoscale ripple was formed due to the extrusion action of the indenter on the microscale V-groove’s surface.Furthermore,the relationships between the processing parameters and the dimensions of the micro/nano hierarchical structures were established through experiments,and optimized processing parameters were determined to achieve regular micro/nano hierarchical structures.By this method,complex patterns constructed by various micro/nano hierarchical structures were fabricated on both flat and curved surfaces,achieving diverse surface structural colors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52125307)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2021YFB3501500)the support from the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE。
文摘Rapid technological advancements drive miniaturization and high energy density in devices,thereby increasing nanoscale thermal management demands and urging development of higher spatial resolution technologies for thermal imaging and transport research.Here,we introduce an approach to measure nanoscale thermal resistance using in situ inelastic scanning transmission electron microscopy.By constructing unidirectional heating flux with controlled temperature gradients and analyzing electron energy-loss/gain signals under optimized acquisition conditions,nanometer-resolution in mapping phonon apparent temperature is achieved.Thus,interfacial thermal resistance is determined by calculating the ratio of interfacial temperature difference to bulk temperature gradient.This methodology enables direct measurement of thermal transport properties for atomic-scale structural features(e.g.,defects and heterointerfaces),resolving critical structure-performance relationships,providing a useful tool for investigating thermal phenomena at the(sub-)nanoscale.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No.2005CB623607)
文摘Mg micro/nanoscale materials with sphere-like morphologies are prepared via a vapor-transport deposition process. The structure and morphology of the asprepared products are characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Vapor-liquid-solid mechanism is proposed to explain the formation of Mg micro/nanospheres on the basis of the experimental results.
基金funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51876112)Shanghai Sailing Program (21YF1414200)+1 种基金Discipline of Shanghai-Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Thermal Functional Materials
文摘Thermal characterization becomes challenging as the material size is reduced to micro/nanoscales.Based on scanning probe microscopy(SPM),scanning thermal microscopy(STh M)is able to collect thermophysical characteristics of the microscopic domain with high spatial resolution.Starting from its development history,this review introduces the operation mechanism of the instrument in detail,including working principles,thermal probes,quantitative study,and applications.As the core principle of STh M,the heat transfer mechanism section is discussed emphatically.Additionally,the emerging technologies based on the STh M platform are clearly reviewed and corresponding examples are presented in detail.Finally,the current challenges and future opportunities of STh M are discussed.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(No.RS-2022–00165798)Anhui Natural Science Foundation(No.2308085MF211)The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University for funding this work through Large Research Project under Grant Number(R.G.P.2/491/45).
文摘The rapid advancement of nanotechnology has sparked much interest in applying nanoscale perovskite materials for photodetection applications.These materials are promising candidates for next-generation photodetectors(PDs)due to their unique optoelectronic properties and flexible synthesis routes.This review explores the approaches used in the development and use of optoelectronic devices made of different nanoscale perovskite architectures,including quantum dots,nanosheets,nanorods,nanowires,and nanocrystals.Through a thorough analysis of recent literature,the review also addresses common issues like the mechanisms underlying the degradation of perovskite PDs and offers perspectives on potential solutions to improve stability and scalability that impede widespread implementation.In addition,it highlights that photodetection encompasses the detection of light fields in dimensions other than light intensity and suggests potential avenues for future research to overcome these obstacles and fully realize the potential of nanoscale perovskite materials in state-of-the-art photodetection systems.This review provides a comprehensive overview of nanoscale perovskite PDs and guides future research efforts towards improved performance and wider applicability,making it a valuable resource for researchers.
基金supported financially by the National Science Foundation,USA (No.#DMR-MRI 1530891)
文摘This work aims to elucidate the impact of aluminum-content on microstructure and deformation mechanisms of transformation-induced plasticity（TRIP） steels through macroscale and nanoscale deformation experiments combined with post-mortem electron microscopy of the deformed region.The solid-state transformation-induced mechanical deformation varied with the Al contents,and influenced tensile strength-ductility combination.Steels with 2–4 wt% Al were characterized by TRIP effect.In contrast to 2 Al-TRIP and 4 Al-TRIP steels,twinning-induced plasticity（TWIP） was also observed in conjunction with strain-induced martensite in 6 Al-TRIP steel.This behavior is attributed to the increase in stacking fault energy with the increase of Al content and stability of austenite,which depends on the local chemical variation.The study addresses the knowledge gap with regard to the effect of Al content on austenite stability in medium-Mn TRIP steels.This combination is expected to potentially enable cost-effective alloy design with high strength-high ductility condition.
基金Both UJM and CNRS (INSU TelluS-SYSTER) are thanked for financial support for AMSG and ATL. The Australian Resource Characterisation Facility (ARCF), under the auspices of the National Resource Sciences Precinct (NRSP) - a collaboration between CSIRO, Curtin University and The University of Western Australia e is supported by the Science and Industry Endowment Fund (SIEF RI13-01)
文摘Understanding the mechanisms of parent-daughter isotopic mobility at the nanoscale is key to rigorous interpretation of Ue The Pb data and associated dating. Until now, all nanoscale geochronological studies on geological samples have relied on either Transmission Electron Microscope(TEM) or Atom Probe Microscopy(APM) characterizations alone, thus suffering from the respective weaknesses of each technique. Here we focus on monazite crystals from a ~1 Ga, ultrahigh temperature granulite from Rogaland(Norway). This sample has recorded concordant UeP b dates(measured by LA-ICP-MS) that range over 100 My, with the three domains yielding distinct isotopic Ue Pb ages of 1034 ± 6 Ma(D1; Srich core), 1005 ± 7 Ma(D2), and 935 ± 7 Ma(D3), respectively. Combined APM and TEM characterization of these monazite crystals reveal phase separation that led to the isolation of two different radiogenic Pb(Pb*) reservoirs at the nanoscale. The S-rich core of these monazite crystals contains Cae Srich clusters, 5 -10 nm in size, homogenously distributed within the monazite matrix with a mean interparticle distance of 40 -60 nm. The clusters acted as a sink for radiogenic Pb(Pb*) produced in the monazite matrix, which was reset at the nanoscale via Pb diffusion while the grain remained closed at the micro-scale. Compared to the concordant ages given by conventional micro-scale dating of the grain,the apparent nano-scale age of the monazite matrix in between clusters is about 100 Myr younger, which compares remarkably well to the duration of the metamorphic event. This study highlights the capabilities of combined APM-TEM nano-structural and nano-isotopic characterizations in dating and timing of geological events, allowing the detection of processes untraceable with conventional dating methods.
基金supported by the Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (No. 2020B0202080001)by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2019M651583)+1 种基金by the Education Commission of Shanghai (No. 0400106005)by the National Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21277102, 21003151)。
文摘Integrating nanoscale zero-valent iron(nZVI) with biological treatment processes holds the promise of inheriting significant advantages from both environmental nano-and biotechnologies. nZVI and microbes can perform in coalition in direct contact and act simultaneously, or be maintained in separate reactors and operated sequentially. Both modes can generate enhanced performance for wastewater treatment and environmental remediation. nZVI scavenges and eliminates toxic metals, and enhances biodegradability of some recalcitrant contaminants while bioprocesses serve to mineralize organic compounds and further remove impurities from wastewater. This has been demonstrated in a number of recent works that nZVI can substantially augment the performance of conventional biological treatment for wastewaters from textile and nonferrous metal industries. Our recent laboratory and field tests show that COD of the industrial effluents can be reduced to a record-low of 50 ppm. Recent literature on the theory and applications of the nZVI-bio system is highlighted in this mini review.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52273110(GGB)and 52372271(STL))the National Ten Thousand Talent Program of China(GGB)the Youth Top Talent Project of Hubei Provence of China(GGB).
文摘Alloying strategies have proven effective in enhancing the properties of metallic materials.However,conventional alloying strategies face significant limitations in preparing nanoscale multi-alloys and continuous optimizing surface-active sites.High-entropy alloys(HEAs)display a broader spectrum of unique properties due to their complex electron distribution and atomic-level heterogeneity arising from the stochastic mixing of multiple elements,which provides a diverse array of binding sites and almost continuous distribution of binding energies.This review aims to summarize recent research advancements in synthesis strategies and multi-field applications of nanoscale HEAs.It emphasizes several commonly employed synthesis strategies and significant challenges in synthesizing nanoscale HEAs.Finally,we present a comprehensive analysis of the advantages of HEAs for multi-field applications,emphasizing significant application trends related to nanosizing and multidimensionalization to develop more efficient nanoscale HEAs.
基金supported by the Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(22102095,21773153)the National Key Basic Research and Development Program(2018YFB1502001)financial support from the program of China Scholarships Council(No.202306230242).
文摘Particulate photocatalytic systems using nanoscale photocatalysts have been developed as an attractive promising route for solar energy utilization to achieve resource sustainability and environmental harmony.Dynamic obstacles are considered as the dominant inhibition for attaining satisfactory energy-conversion efficiency.The complexity in light absorption and carrier transfer behaviors has remained to be further clearly illuminated.It is challenging to trace the fast evolution of charge carriers involved in transfer migration and interfacial reactions within a micro–nano-single-particle photocatalyst,which requires spatiotemporal high resolution.In this review,comprehensive dynamic descriptions including irradiation field,carrier separation and transfer,and interfacial reaction processes have been elucidated and discussed.The corresponding mechanisms for revealing dynamic behaviors have been explained.In addition,numerical simulation and modeling methods have been illustrated for the description of the irradiation field.Experimental measurements and spatiotemporal characterizations have been clarified for the reflection of carrier behavior and probing detection of interfacial reactions.The representative applications have been introduced according to the reported advanced research works,and the relationships between mechanistic conclusions from variable spatiotemporal measurements and photocatalytic performance results in the specific photocatalytic reactions have been concluded.This review provides a collective perspective for the full understanding and thorough evaluation of the primary dynamic processes,which would be inspired for the improvement in designing solar-driven energy-conversion systems based on nanoscale particulate photocatalysts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52471160).
文摘Shape memory alloys(SMAs)are well-suited for vibration and noise reduction due to their outstanding mechanical and damping properties.However,their damping capacity is limited due to low-temperature stabilized thermoelastic martensite and constrained twin migration.This work designs nanoscale Nb phases to enhance the damping capacity and maintain a wide working temperature range of NiTiHf-based SMAs.The NiTiHf/Nb alloys containing spherical Nb phases demonstrate a 125%improvement in internal friction(IF)and remain stable up to 400 K.Alloys with spherical Nb phases exhibit relatively high intrinsic IF,which is mainly attibuted to the high migration ability of martensitic twin boundaries.High-resolution transmission electron microscopy images and IF spectra suggest spherical Nb phases pro-vide additional dislocation damping effects and interface damping effects by inducing multiple types of dislocations near the multi-directional phase interfaces.These findings provide insights into the role of second-phase shape effect in damping properties and offer valuable guidance for designing ultra-high damping alloys.
文摘Nanoscale drug delivery systems(nano-DDSs)have attracted intense interest in tumor chemotherapy in the last decades,to improve antitumor efficacy and minimize toxic and side effects.As a versatile supramolecular building block,cyclodextrins(CDs)have been widely used in the fabrication of the smart nano-DDSs.Besides their multifunctionality,which makes them versatile core in the star(co)polymers for micellar nanomedicines,specific host-vip inclusion complexation via their hydrophobic cavities endows them diversified functions:(i)design of amphiphilic copolymers for micellar nanomedicines,(ii)supramolecular hydrogels and poly(pseudo)rotaxane nano-hydrogels as drug carriers,and(iii)recipient for direct and indirect drug-loading.In the present work,the recent progress of CDs in nano-DDSs for tumor chemotherapy was reviewed,classified by the crucial roles of CD units.Based on the structureperformance relationship,the future perspective was also proposed.
